Shredding apparatus

Abstract

The present invention relates to a comminution device comprising a comminution roller having a substantially tubular structure and rotatable about an axis of rotation, at least one tooth holder attached to the roller for receiving and securing a comminution tooth, a comminution tooth attached to the tooth holder of the roller, a counter blade whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the comminution roller, and at least one cutting plate arranged on the counter blade which has a comminution edge with a contour which, when the comminution roller is rotated, forms a counter comb to the comminution roller and at least one comminution tooth arranged thereon.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shredding device, in particular one for shredding waste or wood.

[0002] Shredders, or crushers in general, are crucial for efficient recycling processes, especially when processing various types of waste and wood. These machines are designed to break down bulky materials into smaller, manageable pieces, which not only facilitates transport and storage but also optimizes subsequent material separation and processing steps. In the recycling sector, shredders are primarily used to process construction waste, garden waste, plastics, paper, metal, and wood.

[0003] By shredding wood waste, for example from forestry or wood processing, it can be effectively processed into biomass, mulch, or particleboard. With other materials such as plastics and metals, shredding allows for better sorting and cleaning, which is essential for any subsequent recycling steps. Shredding equipment is specialized machinery, typically tailored to the specific physical properties of the materials being processed, and exhibits a particularly high degree of wear due to continuous contact with the material being shredded.

[0004] The design of these machines prioritizes durability and efficiency to withstand the harsh conditions of waste processing and recycling operations. Using shredders significantly reduces energy consumption in subsequent processing steps, as the mechanical separation and cleaning of materials is less complex when they are in a homogeneous and reduced size. Shredders thus play a central role in the recycling loop, contributing to more efficient resource use and environmental protection.

[0005] A variety of differently designed shredding devices for shredding, for example, biogenic material are already known from the prior art. So-called screw roller shredders are known, which have a shredding roller or two counter-rotating rollers arranged side by side, partially covered on their circumference with sieve baskets.

[0006] A disadvantage of the crushing devices known from the prior art is that, due to the demanding nature of the work, they are subject to very high wear and tear, and the resulting regular maintenance and continuous replacement of wear parts lead to relatively high costs over their entire service life.

[0007] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a comminution device that overcomes or at least mitigates the disadvantage set out above, for example by more effective processing of the material to be comminuted and / or more effective use of the components of a comminution device.

[0008] The problem is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0009] The comminution device according to the invention comprises a comminution roller which has a substantially tubular structure and is rotatable about an axis of rotation, at least one tooth holder attached to the roller for receiving and securing a comminution tooth, a comminution tooth which is attached to the tooth holder of the roller, a counter blade whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the comminution roller, and at least one cutting plate arranged on the counter blade which has a comminution edge with a contour which, when the comminution roller is rotated, forms a counter comb to the comminution roller and at least one comminution tooth arranged thereon.

[0010] This provides a particularly effective method of shredding, as the shredding roller transports the material to be shredded into the area of ​​the counter blade, where shredding takes place. The counter blade is positioned close to the shredding roller, allowing the at least one cutting plate with its shredding edge to be optimally aligned to effectively carry out the shredding process of the material to be processed.

[0011] According to an advantageous implementation of the present invention, it can be provided that the counter-edge has several cutting plates arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the counter-edge.

[0012] The multiple cutting inserts arranged longitudinally along the counter-edge are subject to high wear because, in conjunction with the counter-comb defined by the cutting insert's contour, a high force is exerted on the material during material cutting. The advantage of using multiple cutting inserts arranged side by side is that if one of them is damaged, it can be replaced separately without having to replace the entire counter-edge. This allows sections of the counter-edge subjected to higher wear to be replaced as needed by changing the corresponding cutting inserts, while less heavily worn sections of the counter-edge, with their respective cutting inserts, can be used for a longer period.

[0013] According to an optional modification of the present invention, the cutting plate may have a substantially plate-like base structure, the flat side of which is rotationally symmetric, in particular 2-fold or 4-fold rotationally symmetric, in order to be able to arrange a second usable comminution edge when rotating about the axis of rotation, preferably wherein a turning from a first flat side to a second flat side leads to a doubling of the available comminution edges that are available on a first of the two flat sides of the plate-like base structure of the cutting plate.

[0014] The cutting insert therefore not only has one cutting edge, but is rotationally symmetrical, so that after rotating the flat side of the cutting insert around an axis of rotation extending in the thickness direction of the cutting insert, at least one further identically designed cutting edge is available, which can be used after the first cutting edge of the cutting insert has worn away. Furthermore, the cutting insert can also be reversible, so that when rotating around an axis of rotation oriented perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cutting insert, i.e., when switching from a top to a bottom side of the cutting insert, at least one further cutting edge is available. By reversing the cutting insert, the number of cutting edges available on one of the two flat sides of the cutting insert is thus doubled.

[0015] According to a further optional embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that a cutting plate is received in the counter-edge by a clamping, and preferably wherein a positioning groove is provided in the cutting plate for the correct alignment of the at least one cutting plate relative to the counter-edge.

[0016] Clamping the cutting insert in the counter blade and providing an optional positioning groove in the cutting insert for correct positioning in the counter blade ensure a correct and simple arrangement of the cutting insert in the counter blade, which also allows for quick replacement or changing of the corresponding cutting edge. Ultimately, only the clamping mechanism needs to be released and the cutting insert replaced, or turned or rotated, so that an unused cutting edge is then used for cutting the material.

[0017] Advantageously, it can be provided that the positioning groove is provided on both flat sides of the shredding edge, and / or that the positioning groove is designed in such a way that the center point through which the axis of symmetry (running perpendicular to a flat side of the cutting plate) passes is also located in it.

[0018] By providing the positioning groove on both flat sides, no adjustment of the clamping device is necessary even after turning the cutting plate over, as the elements engaging in the positioning groove can remain in the same position.

[0019] According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that the counter blade is movable in the radial direction to the comminution roller and can be fixed in the radial direction to the comminution roller by means of a locking means in order to be able to set a cutting gap between the comminution roller and the counter blade.

[0020] This allows the cutting gap between the outer contour of the shredding roller and the contour of the counter blade facing the roller to be adjusted as needed, so that the size of the material obtained after shredding can be adjusted according to the situational requirements. Furthermore, after a certain operating time of the shredding device, it can happen that an excessively large cutting gap develops due to wear of the shredding teeth or the cutting edges of the cutting plate. This can be reduced back to a normal size by moving the counter blade closer to the shredding roller.

[0021] To lock the counter blade, appropriate locking devices are provided, for example implemented by pressure and tension screws, which allow a relative movement of the counter blade or the cutting plate(s) towards or away from the roller.

[0022] According to an optional modification of the present invention, it can be provided that the counter blade for each of the at least one cutting plate has a clamping device to fix the cutting plate in the counter blade, wherein the clamping device is implemented by two clamping jaws designed to clamp the cutting plate.

[0023] It may be advantageous to provide that each of the two clamping jaws of the clamping device has a projection corresponding to a positioning groove in the cutting plate in order to provide for exact positioning of the cutting plate in the clamping jaw.

[0024] According to a further advantageous implementation of the present invention, it can be provided that a guide plate extending along the longitudinal direction of the counter blade is provided on an upper side of the counter blade, which serves to guide a material to be crushed to the crushing roller.

[0025] The guide plate can extend over the entire length of the counter blade and be aligned so that, when material moves in the direction of rotation of the shredding roller, it is guided towards the rotating surface of the roller. This is typically achieved by angling the guide plate, thus directing the material to be shredded towards the counter blade and the surface of the shredding roller.

[0026] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the device may include a base frame for receiving the shredding roller and the counter blade.

[0027] The shredding roller and the counter blade can be arranged on a base frame, but the counter blade is movable, especially in relation to the direction of rotation of the shredding roller, in order to be able to adjust the cutting gap variably.

[0028] Advantageously, the basic frame can be designed to essentially have a box shape with an opening at its top for feeding in material to be shredded.

[0029] This represents a particularly simple design for feeding material to be shredded, since this material can simply be introduced from above into the opening for feeding the shredding device, and the rotation of the shredding roller as well as the corresponding arrangement of the counter blade automatically ensures that the material to be shredded is conveyed to the counter blade.

[0030] Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings.

[0031] This shows: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a shredding device according to the present invention, Fig. 2 a top view of a shredding device according to the present invention, Fig. 3 a top view of the shredding roller and counter blade without base frame, Fig. 4 a cross-sectional view of the shredding roller and counter blade, Fig. 5 a perspective view of the shredding roller and counter blade, Fig. 6 a perspective view of the counter blade, and Fig. 7 a perspective view of the cutting plate from the counter blade.

[0032] In Fig. 1The shredding device 1 according to the present invention can be identified. It has an inlet opening located on the top through which the material to be shredded is introduced. Below this is a shredding roller 2 which, in conjunction with a counter blade 5, causes the material conveyed from the shredding roller 2 towards the counter blade 5 to be shredded. The shredding roller 2 and the counter blade 5 are rigidly mounted on a base frame 15, so that even under the influence of large forces, neither the shredding roller 2 nor the counter blade 5 can slip back. The shredded material then falls through an outlet opening located at the bottom, from where it can be conveyed away for further processing.

[0033] The shredding roller 2 is equipped with several shredding teeth 4, each of which is attached to the shredding roller 2 via a tooth holder 3. A portion of each shredding tooth 4 projects radially from the shredding roller 2, ensuring that the material to be shredded is conveyed in the direction of rotation of the roller 2. The counter blade 5 has a contour that forms a counter-comb to the shredding roller 2 equipped with the shredding teeth 4. As the shredding roller 2 rotates, the shredding teeth 4 pass the contour of the counter blade 5, in particular the shredding edge 7 of the cutting plate 6, at approximately the same distance. This distance is also called the cutting gap S and can be adjusted by means of an adjustment device by moving the counter blade 5 radially towards or away from the shredding roller 2.

[0034] The base frame 15 of the shredding device 1 is approximately cuboid in shape and can be moved via a chassis 13 or be fixed to a surface. For example, a chassis on which the shredding device 1 is mounted can also have a tracked drive or any other type of chassis.

[0035] Fig. 2 Figure 1 shows a top view of the shredding device 1, in which the shredding roller 2 with its shredding teeth 4 and the counter blade 5 can be seen through the opening for feeding the material to be shredded. It can also be seen that a corresponding tooth holder 3 is provided for each shredding tooth 4, which can be secured to the respective shredding tooth 4 by means of a screw connection 8.

[0036] The outer contour of the shredding roller 2 is provided with a grid-like plating 10, which improves the conveyance of the material to be shredded in accordance with the direction of rotation of the shredding roller 2. The grid structure ensures that the material to be shredded becomes wedged against the grid structure, so that, in conjunction with the shredding teeth 4, a high force is generated to push the material to be shredded towards the counter-edge 5. There, the material is broken or cut, as the counter-edge prevents unshredded material from passing to the underside of the shredding roller 2 and only allows components to pass through that are typically significantly smaller than the initial size of the material to be shredded.An adjustment option for varying the size of the output material obtained after processing by the shredding device 1 is achieved by adjusting the cutting gap S, which defines the distance between the counter blade 5 and the outer contour of the shredding roller 2.

[0037] Fig. 3 is a top view of the shredding roller 2 and the counter blade 5, whereby the base frame 15 and the other components of the shredding device 1 are not shown for the sake of clarity.

[0038] It can be seen that the shredding teeth 4, which are arranged distributed along the longitudinal axis of the shredding roller 2, are aligned with the contour of the counter blade 5, whose longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the shredding roller 2, so that when the shredding roller 2 rotates, each of the several shredding teeth 4 can be guided past the counter blade 5 without contact with it.

[0039] Since each of the multiple shredding teeth 4, as well as the shredding edges of the cutting plates 6 and the counter blade 5, are subject to high wear, they can be replaced. For this purpose, each of the shredding teeth 4 is attached to a tooth holder 3 by a screw or bolt fastening 8, so that the shredding teeth 4 can be replaced if damaged or excessively worn. The same applies to the elements of the counter blade 5, which are also subject to high wear, as the cutting plate 6 can be replaced or the shredding edge 7 provided on the cutting plate 6 can be changed by rotating or turning the cutting plate 6.

[0040] Fig. 4Figure 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the shredding roller 2 and counter blade 5, clearly showing the attachment of the tooth holder 3 to the roller 2. Advantageously, the tooth holder 3 is welded to a component of the shredding roller 2, preventing any relative movement between the tooth holder 3 and the shredding roller 2. The tooth holder 3 has a recess 9 relative to the outer contour of the shredding roller 2 or a plating 10, allowing a portion of the shredding tooth 4 attached to the tooth holder 3 to protrude outwards from the outer surface of the shredding roller 2. The screw fastening 8 of the shredding tooth 4 to the tooth holder 3, which allows for the replacement of the wear-prone shredding tooth 4, is also visible.

[0041] The counter blade 5 comprises the cutting plate 6 with its at least one shredding edge 7 and a clamping device 13 for securing the cutting plate 6. The clamping device 13 includes two clamping jaws 13A, 13B which ensure the fixed positioning of the cutting plate 6 in the counter blade 5. To define and vary a cutting gap S, which specifies a distance between the contour formed by the counter blade 5 and the shredding teeth 4 or the outer contour of the shredding roller 2, the position of the cutting plate 6 can be varied by means of pressure and pull screws 12. For example, actuating screw 12 in one direction or the other moves the cutting plate 6 towards or away from the shredding roller 2.

[0042] Furthermore, it can be seen that the counter-blade 5 also has a circuit board 14 in an upper area for feeding the material to be shredded towards the cutting gap, so that the material is effectively broken or shredded.

[0043] Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of the crushing roller 2 and counter blade 5, where the guide plate 14 and the clamping device 13 with their clamping screws can be seen.

[0044] Fig. 6 This is a perspective view of the counter blade 5 from a different side, showing the side of the counter blade 5 that normally faces the shredding roller 2. The guide plate 14 and the several adjacent cutting plates 6 with their respective protruding, upper cutting edges 7 are visible.

[0045] Fig. 7Figure 1 shows the cutting plate 6 with several cutting / shredding edges 7. To securely fasten the cutting plate 6 in the clamping device, it has a positioning groove 11 which, in conjunction with corresponding protrusions on the two clamping jaws 13A and 13B, ensures stable positioning in the clamping device 3. If one of the several shredding edges 7 of the cutting plate 6 becomes worn, the cutting plate 6 can be rotated by loosening the corresponding screw so that another shredding edge 7 now faces the outer contour of the shredding roller 2. Alternatively, the cutting plate 6 can be reversed so that the shredding edge 7, which was previously facing downwards, now faces upwards and is subject to wear when the shredding roller 2 is operated in its direction of travel. In total, the cutting plate 6 has several cutting / shredding edges 7. Fig. 7The cutting plate 6 shown has four different shredding edges 7 provided, so that the cutting plate 6 only needs to be replaced when all four shredding edges 7 are worn out. Reference symbol list:

[0046] 1 Shredding device 2 Shredding roller 3 Tooth holder 4 Shredding tooth 5 Counter blade 6 Cutting plate 7 Shredding edge 8 Screw or bolt fastening 9 Indentation 10 Plating 11 Positioning groove 12 Locking device 13 Clamping device 13A Clamping jaw 13B Clamping jaw 14 Guide plate 15 Base frame D Axis of rotation of the shredding roller S Cutting gap between counter blade and shredding roller

Claims

1. Comminution device (1) comprising: a comminution roller (2) having a substantially tubular structure and rotatable about an axis of rotation (D), at least one tooth holder (3) attached to the roller (2) for receiving and securing a comminution tooth (4), a comminution tooth (4) attached to the tooth holder (3) of the roller (2), and a counter blade (5) whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation (D) of the comminution roller (2), characterized by at least one cutting plate (6) arranged on the counter blade (5) which has a comminution edge (7) with a contour which, when the comminution roller (2) is rotated, forms a counter comb to the comminution roller (2) and at least one comminution tooth (4) arranged thereon.

2. Device (1) according to the preceding claim 1, wherein the counter-edge (5) has several cutting plates (6) arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction of the counter-edge (5).

3. Device (1) according to the preceding claim 2, wherein the several cutting plates arranged side by side lie in a common plane.

4. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one cutting plate (6) has a substantially plate-like basic structure, the flat side of which is rotationally symmetric, in particular 2-fold rotationally symmetric, in order to be able to arrange a second usable shredding edge (7) when rotating about the axis of rotation, 5. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a turning from a first flat side to a second flat side of the cutting plate (6) doubles the available comminution edges (7) that are available on a first of the two flat sides of the plate-like base structure of the cutting plate (6).

6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one cutting plate (6) is received in the counter-cutting edge (5) by a clamping.

7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a positioning groove (11) is provided in the cutting plate (6) for the correct alignment of the at least one cutting plate (6) relative to the counter blade (5), wherein the positioning groove (11) is preferably provided on both flat sides of the cutting plate (6).

8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the positioning groove (11) is designed such that the center point through which the axis of symmetry of the planar side of the cutting plate (6) passes is also arranged in it.

9. Device (1) according to a combination of the preceding claims 7 or 8, wherein the positioning groove (11) of one flat side is arranged in the same position as the positioning groove (11) of the other flat side of the cutting plate (6).

10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter blade (5) is movable in the radial direction to the shredding roller (2) and can be fixed in the radial direction to the shredding roller (2) by means of a locking means (12) in order to be able to set a cutting gap (S) between the shredding roller (2) and the counter blade (5).

11. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the counter blade (5) has a clamping device (13) for each of the at least one cutting plate (6) to fix the cutting plate (6) in the counter blade (5), wherein the clamping device is implemented by two clamping jaws (13A, 13B) designed to clamp the cutting plate (6).

12. Device (1) according to the preceding claim 11, wherein each of the two clamping jaws (13A, 13B) of the clamping device (13) has a protrusion corresponding to a positioning groove (11) in the cutting plate (6) in order to provide an exact positioning of the cutting plate (6) in the clamping jaw (13A, 13B).

13. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a guide plate (14) extending along the longitudinal direction of the counter blade (5) is provided on an upper side of the counter blade (5) to guide a material to be crushed to the crushing roller (2).

14. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a base frame (15) for receiving the crushing roller (2) and the counter blade (5).

15. Device (1) according to the preceding claim 14, wherein the base frame (15) essentially has a box shape which has an opening on its upper side for feeding material to be crushed.

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