Surface heating element and method for producing such a surface heating element

Abstract

The invention relates to a surface heating element. The surface heating element comprises: a heating register, said heating register having a tubular assembly, which is configured so as to conduct a liquid, and a plate-shaped element, which comprises a rapidly renewable raw material and is configured so as to receive the tubular assembly. The invention additionally relates to a method for producing a surface heating element, said method having the steps of: fitting at least one dummy plug into an inlet and / or an outlet of a heat register, inserting the heat register together with the dummy plug into a mold, positioning the heat register in the mold, securing the heat register in the mold so as to prevent slipping, supplying a granular mass made of the rapidly renewable raw material into the mold, and pressing the heat register and the granular mass in order to form a surface heating element.

Description

[0001] Surface heating element and method for producing such a surface heating element

[0002] The present invention relates to a surface heating element and a system comprising multiple surface heating elements. In particular, the invention relates to a surface heating element comprising a heating register and a plate-shaped element comprising rapidly renewable raw materials. The rapidly renewable raw materials may be, for example, grain, corn, or rice straw, hemp, molasses, reeds, or similar materials.

[0003] The construction industry has always been energy-intensive, and many heating and insulation solutions consume a lot of resources. Especially when retrofitting heating and insulation, such as in the renovation of old buildings, complicated and expensive processes are necessary.

[0004] Panel heating elements are well known, but they have the disadvantage that in order to insert heating cables into the panel element, grooves must first be milled, which are then lined with foil or sheet metal before the heating cables can be inserted or glued in. This process is material-intensive and time-consuming.

[0005] Furthermore, state-of-the-art flat elements are known in which certain areas of the panel are left out during the manufacturing process using a negative mold. A heating conductor system is then inserted into these areas and foamed or glued in. Not only is the production very complex, but the use of foam or adhesive is often not environmentally sound.

[0006] Furthermore, according to the state of the art, surface heating elements are either piped according to the Tichelmann system, or hydraulic balancing is carried out using valves.

[0007] A disadvantage of the conventionally applied Tichelmann serial flow pipe installation is higher material consumption, as the pipes are not routed along the shortest possible path. Thus, Tichelmann pipe installation is more expensive than other pipe installation methods in terms of material consumption and pipe installation. Furthermore, a longer pipeline requires a higher pumping capacity, which is associated with higher energy consumption and higher operating costs. Furthermore, the pipes create mechanical stresses, which can lead to problems in further processing, such as covering with screed / plaster, and must be compensated for with additional effort.Individual sub-circuits (heating circuits of individual surface heating elements) must be precisely coordinated and calculated with each other by specialists (hydraulic balancing). This means that installation, which must also be carried out by trained specialists, requires extensive planning. Deviations, for example due to contamination, can negatively impact the performance and efficiency of the entire system. If a sub-circuit is no longer flowable due to magnetite or other contamination such as siltation, the performance and balance of the sub-circuits are no longer guaranteed. Individual sub-circuits are very difficult to clean / repair. Furthermore, such surface heating elements are limited by pipe lengths of up to 120 meters and only allow the heating of an area of ​​up to 15 m. 2 .

[0008] Hydraulic balancing through valves increases the necessary pumping power due to a large number of resistances caused by the control valves.

[0009] The present disclosure provides a panel heating element with simultaneous insulating effect that can be installed in buildings in a modular manner during construction or subsequently, thus accelerating the transformation process of the construction industry towards sustainability, while being simple and quick to manufacture.

[0010] The invention with respect to the surface heating element is defined in independent claim 1. Dependent claims 2 to 10 describe preferred embodiments. The invention with respect to the method for producing the surface heating element is defined in independent claim 11. Dependent claims 12 to 15 describe preferred additions to the manufacturing method.

[0011] The present invention relates to a surface heating element, wherein the surface heating element comprises: a heating register, wherein the heating register has a tubular arrangement, wherein the tubular arrangement is configured to conduct a liquid; and a plate-shaped element, wherein the plate-shaped element comprises rapidly renewable raw materials and is configured to accommodate the tubular arrangement. Preferred embodiments further include the following features.

[0012] The plate-shaped element can be made from a pressed and / or dried, and / or rapidly renewable raw material with a binder. A binder based on natural substances is preferred, such as a mixture of magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, and water.

[0013] The heating register may be flush with a first surface of the plate-shaped element.

[0014] The tubular arrangement may comprise a plurality of parallel tubes, wherein the parallel tubes are connected to one another by connecting pieces, wherein the connecting pieces are arranged such that hydraulic balancing takes place within a surface heating element, or wherein the tubular arrangement is serpentine or helical.

[0015] The integrated hydraulic balancing allows several surface heating elements to be connected in series without the need for complex piping. This simplifies both planning and on-site installation in terms of application and execution. Installation is possible even without special training. At the same time, both the time and material required for installation and the energy consumption (pump power) during operation are reduced. This increases performance, allowing larger areas of up to 25m 2can be heated by one heating circuit. Cleaning is much easier because the individual heating circuits are directly connected to each other and a serial flow through all surface heating elements occurs.

[0016] The plate-shaped element may have at least one, preferably two, recess(es) configured to connect the plate-shaped element to at least one further plate-shaped element.

[0017] The surface heating element can be configured to be attached to an interior wall, a sloped roof, or a ceiling of a building, or to be installed in a floor of a building, wherein the heating register preferably faces the interior.

[0018] The plate-shaped element may have a thickness of at least 20 mm. The tubular arrangement may be configured to be connected to a heating and / or cooling circuit.

[0019] Preferably, the tubular arrangement or heating register is combined with the rapidly renewable raw material in a mold to form a surface heating element, preferably by welding. Welding preferably requires no additives to bond the materials.

[0020] The tubular assembly is preferably made of a recyclable material, preferably polypropylene. Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a semi-crystalline, non-polar, thermoplastic produced by the polymerization of propene. PP is non-toxic and reusable.

[0021] The tubular arrangement is preferably permeable to diffusion and provides clean and uniform heat radiation.

[0022] Preferably, the panel heating elements are plastered with clay on the front side (the side of the panel element where the tubular arrangement is located). However, painting with a vapor-permeable paint or liquid wallpaper is not excluded.

[0023] The clay is preferably applied with a thickness of 1 to 4 mm, and particularly preferably with a thickness of 2 mm.

[0024] The clay can also be covered with other building materials, such as tiles, as long as these do not interfere with heat radiation and moisture exchange.

[0025] The materials used for the tubular arrangement, the plate-shaped element, their combination, and the clay preferably consist largely, particularly preferably exclusively, of natural materials, i.e. no additives are used, in particular no substances containing formaldehyde or solvents. This prevents, among other things, mold formation and achieves clean and even heat radiation while simultaneously ensuring the recyclability of the materials. The present invention further comprises a system with a plurality of surface heating elements as described above, wherein the plurality of surface heating elements preferably each have at least one, preferably two, recess(es) configured to connect the plurality of surface heating elements to one another.

[0026] The present invention also relates to a system with multiple surface heating elements, wherein the heating registers arranged in the surface heating elements are connected in series within a heating circuit. This facilitates the restoration of heating function in the event of a malfunction, e.g., caused by magnetite or other contaminants, because each heating register in a series of surface heating elements can be addressed sequentially.

[0027] The present invention further relates to a method for producing a surface heating element. The method comprises the following steps: inserting at least one blind plug into an inlet and / or outlet of a heating element, placing the heating element with the blind plugs in a mold, positioning the heating element in the mold, securing the heating element in the mold to prevent slipping, introducing a spreading compound made from rapidly renewable raw materials into the mold, and pressing the heating element and the spreading compound together to form a surface heating element.

[0028] The method may further comprise, after pressing, drying the surface heating element and / or fabricating the surface heating element to an installation size, wherein the blind plugs are preferably removed during fabrication.

[0029] In this process, after assembling the surface heating element and removing the blind plugs in the inlet and / or outlet, a safety plug can be inserted. This serves to prevent contamination of the surface heating element during transport and storage prior to installation.

[0030] In the process, after the panel heating element has been assembled or at least one securing plug has been inserted, the desired fastening points can be specified by printing or embossing. Furthermore, before pressing, a pressing pressure can be adjusted depending on the wall thickness of the heating element and / or the intended use of the panel heating element.

[0031] According to the described invention, a significant amount of CO2 can be saved during production compared to conventional heating systems. This is achieved, among other things, through the use of regional raw materials, short transport routes, reduced manufacturing costs due to low energy consumption in production, and 100% recyclability through recycling. Furthermore, the surface heating element (wall heating panel) binds CO2 and provides natural radiant heat. The surface heating element can be installed without special tools and is largely made of natural, rapidly renewable raw materials. The surface heating element is flame-resistant, waterproof, formaldehyde-free, mold-resistant, and permeable to diffusion.

[0032] During production, especially during assembly, scraps can be chopped up and reused in the manufacturing process, even if small sections are cut off near the inlet and outlet of the heating coil. Furthermore, to increase sustainability, used blind plugs, for example, can be removed from the sections after assembly and reused. The specification of target fastening points increases the possibility of quick installation without the risk of damaging the heating coil during assembly.

[0033] The above-mentioned examples of "rapidly renewable resources" are, in particular, plants that are harvested at least once a year or are usable at least one year after sowing. Often, plants can be harvested multiple times per year from the same field (e.g., grasses).

[0034] The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. Figures 1 and 2 show exemplary embodiments.

[0035] The surface heating element, as shown in Figure 1, comprises a heating register 1 with a tubular arrangement that carries a heating fluid. The tubular arrangement is housed in a plate-shaped element 2 (shown hatched) of the surface heating element. The plate-shaped element 2 comprises a material made from rapidly renewable resources. Figure 1 shows a plan view of a side of the surface heating element facing the interior in the assembled state.

[0036] In particular, the plate-shaped element 2 can be made from a pressed, rapidly renewable raw material. To produce such plates (plate-shaped elements) 2, the rapidly renewable raw material is usually cleaned, sterilized, and chopped, before being pressed into shape. After drying, the plates can be used, for example, as insulation material. Furthermore, binding agents can be used to ensure a long-lasting bond between the straw and to achieve water resistance and fire-retardant properties. Such plates 2 can be produced in various lengths and widths and, if necessary, sawn to desired dimensions. The thickness of the plate-shaped elements 2 can, for example, be between 30 mm and 60 mm. A thickness of at least 30 mm also provides a high insulation value. Nevertheless, the surface heating element is not too heavy; on the contrary, it is characterized by its low weight.

[0037] The plate-shaped element 2 is preferably made mainly from a rapidly renewable raw material, e.g. cereal, corn or rice straw, hemp, reed or similar.

[0038] Such plate-shaped elements 2 can also improve sound insulation and acoustics of interior spaces and store CO2 as a sustainable raw material.

[0039] The tubular arrangement or the heating register 1 can be combined with the material made from a rapidly renewable raw material in a mold (cf. cake mold) to form a surface heating element, ie the plate-shaped element 2 with the heating register 1 accommodated therein.

[0040] The plate-shaped elements 2 can have recesses to accommodate the heating register 1. Furthermore, the heating register 1 can be inserted into the plate-shaped elements 2 during the drying process.

[0041] The tubular arrangement of the heating register 1 can, as shown in Figure 1, be designed as a regular arrangement with parallel pipes with respective connecting pieces. An inlet and an outlet (see arrows) can each be accessible from the side. The inlet and outlet can be used to connect surface heating elements to each other and to a cooling or heating circuit. Preferably, the inlet and outlet are not connected in a direct line to ensure better fluid distribution and thus more even heat dissipation. The positions of the inlet and outlet can be arranged at different points on the plate-shaped element depending on the requirements and design of the heating register 1.

[0042] Alternatively, the heating register 1 can also be accommodated in the plate-shaped element 2 in a meandering (snake-like) or helical manner, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 is also a plan view of the side of the surface heating element facing an interior space in the assembled state, with the plate-shaped element 2 hatched with a rapidly renewable raw material and the snake-shaped heating register 1 shown with a solid line. In Figure 2, the inlet and outlet (see arrows) are arranged on the left side of the plate-shaped element, but can also be positioned differently, e.g., on opposite sides, depending on requirements.

[0043] The heating element preferably sits flush with a first surface of the plate-shaped element 2. The first surface can face the interior of the room when installed and can be plastered and painted after installation, ensuring that the surface finish is permeable to diffusion and suitable for recycling. Figures 1 and 2 each show the first surface as a top view.

[0044] The pipe diameter of the heating register 1 can be between 5 and 20 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 16 mm. The wall thickness can be adjusted accordingly. In the example shown in Figure 1, the vertical pipes can preferably be designed as 10 mm x 1.5 mm pipes, while the horizontal connecting pipes can be designed as 16 mm x 2 mm pipes. Alternatively, all pipes can have the same diameter and wall thickness.

[0045] The total vertical length of the heating register 1 can be between 600 mm and 3000 mm. The vertical tubular elements in Figure 1 can have a horizontal spacing of 50 mm to 150 mm, preferably 80 mm. The distance from a second surface opposite the first surface to the heating register 1 (i.e., the total thickness of the plate-shaped element 2 minus the thickness of the heating register 1) is preferably at least 5 mm and more preferably at least 10 mm.

[0046] Heating register 1 can be connected to a heating circuit to circulate heated water from a heat pump or similar device within heating register 1. The tubular arrangement can also be used for cooling if a suitable cooling fluid is supplied.

[0047] Preferably, the liquid is circulated in such a way that even heat distribution is ensured. This can be achieved by arranging the pipes of the heating register 1 or by blocking certain flow paths. In Figure 1, this is shown by way of example by interrupting the lower inlet and outlet pipes. The interruption is preferably located in the half of the plate-shaped element 2 that contains the outlet. In other words, the interruption is preferably located closer to the outlet than to the inlet of the plate-shaped element 2.

[0048] In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1, the heating register 1 has a total of 12 regularly arranged parallel pipes. The pipes are connected to each other at their upper and lower ends by connecting pieces. Up to the interruption in the lower connecting piece, 8 parallel pipes are arranged on the inlet side, and behind the interruption in the lower connecting piece, 4 parallel pipes are arranged on the outlet side. The interruption in the lower connecting piece effects hydraulic balancing within the heating register 1 of the corresponding surface heating element. However, the invention is not limited to the exact number of pipes or the location of the interruption.

[0049] The plate-shaped element 2 can further be provided with recesses. The recesses are preferably provided at the respective ends of the plate-shaped element 2, at which the inlet and outlet of the heating register 1 are arranged. In Figure 1, the recesses are indicated by dashed areas at the respective inlet and outlet. The recesses serve to connect various plate-shaped elements 2. Various plate-shaped elements 2 can be connected to one another using corresponding connecting elements (not shown) that engage in the recesses. The plates 2 made of rapidly renewable raw materials not only store heat and release it evenly into the room, but also act as insulation against the outside temperature and serve as soundproofing and acoustics.

[0050] The size and shape of the plate-shaped elements 2 can be changed according to the circumstances and are not subject to any particular restrictions. The arrangement of the heating register 1 must be adapted to the shape and size of the plate-shaped elements 2 if necessary. This makes the surface heating element according to the present disclosure particularly suitable for the renovation of old buildings, listed buildings, and wooden or thatched houses. The surface heating element can thus be installed in the floor, on the ceiling, and on straight or sloping walls. The surface heating element can be attached to a building, for example, with mortar, preferably lime mortar, and / or with dowels.

[0051] The surface heating element can be plastered with different materials, whereby attention should be paid to the diffusion openness and recyclability of the surface finish.

[0052] The surface heating system according to the present disclosure, which can be installed on building walls, ceilings, and floors, ensures efficient and even heat radiation while simultaneously providing insulation. The heating output of such a surface heating system can be 60-100 W / m 2 at a flow temperature of, for example, 24 to 26°C.

[0053] By using rapidly renewable resources, all materials used are reusable or recyclable within the framework of the circular economy. The material binds CO2, and the regional availability of straw in almost every part of the world allows for short transport routes to the production site, allowing for the production of pollutant-free and environmentally friendly insulation. Underfloor heating can lead to heating cost savings of up to 80% and can both heat and cool rooms.

[0054] The use of rapidly renewable raw materials of this type effectively prevents mold growth. Furthermore, there is no air circulation or dust dispersal, making the underfloor heating particularly allergy-friendly. Furthermore, the design ensures a rapid response time for heating and cooling.

[0055] Applications of the present disclosure include, in particular, renovation of old buildings, listed buildings, timber or straw houses, ecological construction, subsequent insulation in interior areas, etc. In particular, in the case of listed facades, energy-saving renovation can be carried out by installing the surface heating panel in the interior.

[0056] The surface heating panel made from the rapidly renewable raw material is lightweight, efficient, uncomplicated in construction and use, ecological and economical.

[0057] In summary, the described invention allows for significant CO2 savings in production compared to conventional heating systems. This is achieved, among other things, through the use of regional raw materials, short transport routes, reduced manufacturing costs due to low energy consumption in production, and 100% recyclability through recycling. Furthermore, the surface heating element (wall heating panel) binds CO2 and provides natural radiant heat. The surface heating element can be installed without special tools and is largely made of a natural, annually renewable raw material. The surface heating element is flame-retardant, waterproof, formaldehyde-free, mold-resistant, and permeable to diffusion.

[0058] Significant savings are also achieved in manufacturing, as there is no need to prepare the surface element for the heating cables; instead, the heating cables are embedded directly during the manufacturing process. Lining with foil or sheet metal is also eliminated because the material of the surface element is temperature-resistant and does not swell when the preferred binder of magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium chloride, along with water, is used.

[0059] Although the invention is illustrated and described in detail by means of the figures and the associated description, this illustration and this detailed description are to be understood as illustrative and exemplary and not as limiting the invention. It is understood that those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the following claims. In particular, the invention also encompasses embodiments having any combination of features mentioned or shown above for various aspects and / or embodiments. The invention also encompasses individual features in the figures, even if they are shown there in connection with other features and / or are not mentioned above.

[0060] Furthermore, the term "comprising" and derivatives thereof does not exclude other elements or steps. Likewise, the indefinite article "a" or "an" and derivatives thereof does not exclude a plurality. The functions of several features listed in the claims may be fulfilled by a single unit. The terms "essentially," "about," "approximately," and the like, in connection with a property or value, specifically define the property or value. All reference signs in the claims are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

Patent claims 1. A surface heating element, the surface heating element comprising: a heating register (1), the heating register (1) having a tubular arrangement, the tubular arrangement being configured to carry a liquid; a plate-shaped element (2), the plate-shaped element (2) comprising rapidly renewable raw materials and being configured to receive the tubular arrangement.

2. Surface heating element according to claim 1, wherein the plate-shaped element (2) is made of pressed and / or dried and / or binder-provided, rapidly renewable raw material, and / or wherein the plate-shaped element (2) has at least one, preferably two, recess(es) which is / are configured to connect the plate-shaped element (2) to at least one further plate-shaped element (2).

3. Surface heating element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tubular arrangement has a plurality of parallel tubes, wherein the parallel tubes are connected to one another by connecting pieces, wherein the connecting pieces are arranged such that a hydraulic balancing takes place within a surface heating element, or wherein the tubular arrangement is serpentine or helical, and / or wherein the tubular arrangement is configured to be connected to a heating and / or cooling circuit.

4. Surface heating element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the surface heating element is configured to be attached to an interior wall, a sloping roof, or a ceiling of a building, or to be laid in a floor of a building, wherein the heating register (1) preferably faces the interior.

5. Surface heating element according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plate-shaped element (2) has a thickness of at least 20 mm, and / or wherein a distance from a second surface of the plate-shaped element (2) to the heating register (1) is at least 5 mm, and / or wherein the heating register (1) is flush with a first surface of the plate-shaped element (2).

6. System with a plurality of surface heating elements according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of surface heating elements preferably each have at least one, preferably two, recess(es) which are configured to connect the plurality of surface heating elements to one another.

7. System with several surface heating elements according to claim 6, characterized in that the heating registers arranged in the surface heating elements are connected in series within a heating circuit.

8. A method for producing a surface heating element, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following process steps: - Inserting at least one blind plug into an inlet and / or an outlet of a heating register; - Insert the heating register (1) with the blind plugs into a mold; - Positioning the heating register (1) in the mold; - securing the heating register (1) in the mold against slipping; - Adding a spreading mass made from rapidly renewable raw materials into the mould and - Pressing the heating register (1) and the spreading compound into a surface heating element.

9. A method according to claim 8, which after pressing comprises: - Drying the surface heating element and / or - Assembling the surface heating element to an installation size, whereby the blind plugs are preferably removed during assembly.

10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that after the assembly of the surface heating element and removal of the blind plugs in the inlet and / or outlet, a safety plug is inserted, and that preferably after the assembly or the insertion of at least one safety plug, fastening target points are specified by printing or embossing.

11. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that before pressing a pressing pressure is set depending on the wall thickness of the heating register (1) and / or the intended use of the surface heating element.

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