Method and composition for waxing a bicycle chain

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for waxing a bicycle chain comprising the following steps: i) producing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) producing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially immersed in the composition, iv) treating the composition with sound, v) removing the bicycle chain from the composition. The present invention further relates to a waxed chain produced according to a method according to the invention, the use of sound for waxing a bicycle chain, and a composition for waxing a bicycle chain.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for waxing a bicycle chain comprising the following steps: i) producing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) producing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially immersed in the composition, iv) treating the composition with sound, v) removing the bicycle chain from the composition. The present invention further relates to a waxed chain produced according to a method according to the invention, the use of sound for waxing a bicycle chain, and a composition for waxing a bicycle chain.

[0002] Optimal lubrication of bicycle chains is a crucial factor for a bicycle's performance and longevity. A well-lubricated chain reduces friction, minimizes wear, and ensures efficient power transfer from the rider to the wheel. Traditionally, bicycle chains are treated with oil-based lubricants to achieve these benefits. However, these lubricants offer not only advantages but also disadvantages. Because oil-based lubricants are liquid and form a film on the chain, dirt particles can adhere to them and contaminate the chain. Furthermore, frequent relubrication is necessary because the lubricants are transferred to the chain upon contact and thus lost, and are also sprayed off at high chain speeds when the chain is deflected.

[0003] In recent years, an alternative method of chain lubrication has become established: the use of solid lubricants. Lubrication with solid lubricants offers numerous advantages over lubrication with conventional oil-based lubricants. Solid lubricants form a dry, smooth protective layer on the chain that prevents the penetration of dirt and dust. As a result, the chain stays cleaner for longer and requires less frequent relubrication. Furthermore, solid lubricants reduce friction between the chain links, leading to a quieter and more efficient ride.

[0004] However, applying solid lubricants to bicycle chains presents a significant challenge. Conventional methods for applying solid lubricants are cumbersome and often inefficient. Typically, the chain must first be thoroughly cleaned and then dipped into molten solid lubricant, which requires considerable time and resources. Removing oil-based lubricants from the chain, in particular, is only possible with significant time expenditure and the use of organic solvents or special cleaning agents. These substances are usually environmentally harmful, hazardous to health, and require special disposal. Furthermore, achieving a uniform and durable layer of solid lubricant on the chain links is difficult.The penetration of the solid lubricant into the spaces between the individual chain links is particularly problematic, as these areas are crucial for reducing friction and wear. Insufficient distribution of the solid lubricant in these spaces can significantly impair the effectiveness of the lubrication.

[0005] There is currently no method for the effective and simple application of solid lubricants to bicycle chains, including the targeted lubrication of the spaces between the chain links.

[0006] It is also desirable to avoid having to remove the grease- or oil-based lubricants already on the chain before applying solid lubricants. Unused bicycle chains are coated with oil or grease at the factory to prepare them for immediate use on the bicycle and to prevent rusting during storage. If these grease- or oil-based lubricants are not removed before applying solid lubricants, the melting point of the applied solid lubricant will be lowered, and its dirt-repellent and lubricating properties can be adversely affected. Furthermore, an oil or grease film on the chain prevents or impairs the adhesion of the solid lubricants.

[0007] The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method for lubricating a bicycle chain in which the solid lubricant is evenly distributed onto the chain links and, as far as possible, into all the spaces between the chain links. Furthermore, it should make it possible to forgo prior cleaning of the bicycle chain.

[0008] This problem is solved according to the invention by a method for waxing a bicycle chain comprising the following steps. i) Manufacturing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) Manufacturing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) Bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially, preferably completely, immersed in the composition, iv) Treating the composition with sound, v) Removing the bicycle chain from the composition.

[0009] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that waxed bicycle chains produced using the described inventive method are not only uniformly waxed on the surface, but that the wax also fills more than 82% by volume of all the spaces between the chain links. The sonic treatment causes air spaces between the chain links to be removed and replaced by the wax.

[0010] Our own investigations have also shown that the application of sound causes oils or greases adhering to the bicycle chain, such as those found on a brand-new bicycle chain, to be completely or at least partially removed from the chain and distributed throughout the manufactured or supplied composition, thus being carried away from the bicycle chain. The effect that otherwise occurs, whereby the oil or grease on the chain lowers the melting point of the applied wax and adversely affects the wax's dirt-repellent and lubricating properties, does not occur or is significantly reduced in the process according to the invention.Without committing to a theory, it is assumed that treating the composition with sound has the additional effect of breaking up any oil or grease films on the uncleaned or poorly cleaned bicycle chain, allowing the wax-containing composition to be distributed evenly on the chain without a layer of grease or oil between the wax and the chain.

[0011] One method is therefore preferred according to the invention, wherein the method steps are carried out in the following order: i), ii), iii), iv) and v) or ii), i), iii), iv) and v)

[0012] A method is therefore preferred according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain is not free of oils or greases in step ii) or iii). It is particularly preferred if the method does not include the following step: cleaning the bicycle chain, preferably with a degreasing agent for the bicycle chain.

[0013] However, if the bicycle chain has already been cleaned, this is not detrimental to the method according to the invention. A method according to the invention is therefore also preferred in which the bicycle chain is essentially free of oils or greases in step ii) or iii) and / or in which the method further comprises the following step: cleaning the bicycle chain, preferably with a degreasing agent, wherein this method step is carried out before method step ii) or iii). It is preferred if the cleaning is carried out in or using an ultrasonic cleaning device.

[0014] According to the invention, one method is preferred in which the sound is infrasound or ultrasound, preferably ultrasound. The use of sound, and in particular ultrasound, significantly improves the efficiency of wax application, as the sound waves help to remove air inclusions between the chain links and enable deeper and more uniform penetration of the wax. This results in superior lubrication and extends the service life of the bicycle chain by means of an improved protective layer. Contaminants on the chain are also efficiently removed, so that even dirty chains, e.g., oiled or greased chains, can be used without prior cleaning. It has also been shown that the application of ultrasound can break down oil or grease films on bicycle chains, thereby resulting in efficient lubrication through the composition of the oil or grease.

[0015] According to the invention, one method is particularly preferred, wherein the sound has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, and more preferably in the range of 35 to 45 kHz. Our own investigations have shown that these frequencies ensure optimal distribution of the wax and maximize the removal of impurities and air bubbles from the spaces between the chain links. This results in a uniform wax layer, leading to improved lubrication and reduced wear of the chain. The specific frequency ranges are ideal for ensuring both thorough cleaning during the inventive method and effective wax application without damaging the chain or the wax composition.Our own investigations have shown that the application of sound in these frequency ranges generates alternating tensile and compressive stresses, which are particularly well adapted to the wax-containing composition. These alternating tensile and compressive stresses lead to the formation of cavitation bubbles, which implode after the waxing process. The resulting pressure from the composition then detaches contaminants, such as dirt particles, oils, or oil films, from the surface of the bicycle chain, and the resulting space on the chain is filled by the composition.In particular, sound with a frequency range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, is particularly suitable for the combination of the composition used according to the invention and bicycle chains, since it has been shown that at these frequencies the penetration of the sound waves, the formation of cavity bubbles and the penetration of the composition into the spaces usual in bicycle chains is particularly possible.

[0016] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the sound has a power in the range of 0.1 to 100 W per liter of composition, preferably in the range of 10 to 60 W per liter of composition, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 W per liter of composition.

[0017] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the sound has a sound intensity in the range of 0.1 to 50 W / cm 2<, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 W / cm 2<, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 W / cm 2<.

[0018] These specific sound intensities and / or power levels enable optimal sound absorption by the wax composition and the bicycle chain. The precisely calibrated intensity and power effectively remove air bubbles and impurities, resulting in even and deep wax penetration. This significantly improves lubrication and chain protection, extending the chain's lifespan.

[0019] If the sound intensity or power is too low, air bubbles and contaminants may not be sufficiently removed, preventing the wax from optimally penetrating the spaces between the chain links. This leads to an uneven coating and reduces the effectiveness of the lubrication.

[0020] Excessive sound intensity or power can damage the bicycle chain or the wax composition. High intensities can lead to overheating or mechanical damage to the chain links or the composition itself, negatively impacting its lifespan and functionality. Furthermore, the wax structure can be altered by high sound intensities or power, impairing its desired lubricating properties.

[0021] Especially when the composition is an emulsion, both the sound frequencies and the sound intensity / power levels used must be adhered to, and care must be taken to ensure that the sound does not cause separation, i.e., dememulsification. Our own investigations have shown that if the sound frequencies and sound intensity / power levels described are used, the stability of the emulsion is improved, and smaller wax droplets and a more uniform droplet distribution can even occur. This improves penetration into the bicycle chain and the spaces between the chain, thus enhancing the desired lubricating properties.

[0022] By adhering to the optimal sound intensity ranges or power range, it is ensured that the process works efficiently and gently to guarantee the best possible lubrication and protection of the bicycle chain.

[0023] According to the invention, a preferred method comprises the following additional step: heating the composition. Heating the composition is particularly necessary if the composition is a so-called hot wax and is therefore solid at room temperature. In this case, the composition must be heated until it melts. This process step is then usually carried out before process step iii). However, heating is also advantageous and can have a beneficial effect on the waxed chain if the composition is already liquid, e.g., if the composition is an emulsion. Heating improves the elimination of air bubbles and impurities, resulting in uniform and deep penetration of the wax. This significantly improves the lubrication and protection of the chain and extends its service life.

[0024] A method is preferred according to the invention if the composition in step iii) and / or in step iv) and / or between steps iii) and iv) is heated to a treatment temperature in the range of 50 to 180 °C, preferably in the range of 55 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 110 °C, and more preferably in the range of 85 to 95 °C.

[0025] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the method further comprises the following step: stopping the heating of the composition and allowing the composition and the bicycle chain to cool. If the composition is not a wax emulsion, cooling is carried out, preferably until the composition transitions from the liquid to the solid state, preferably until a skin forms on the composition. The heating of the composition is preferably stopped after the composition has been heated, and more preferably after it has been heated to the treatment temperatures defined above.

[0026] A method is preferred according to the invention in which the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature in the range of 40 to 90 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 70 °C, more preferably in the range of 55 to 65 °C.

[0027] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature that is at most 10 °C, preferably at most 7 °C, and more preferably at most 5 °C above the dropping point of the composition. The dropping point is determined according to DIN ISO 2176:1997-05.

[0028] Cooling the bicycle chain to the temperatures specified above offers the advantage that the compound already has a higher viscosity when the chain is removed from the assembly and does not drip off the chain or run out of the gaps. Preferably, the bicycle chain (and / or the compound) is cooled until a significant increase in viscosity is observed, followed by step v) in which the bicycle chain is removed from the assembly.

[0029] In this text, the melting point of a wax or composition is understood to be the temperature at which the wax or composition transitions from a solid to a liquid state. In some cases, this may refer to a temperature range, in which case the melting point is understood to be the higher end of that range.

[0030] A method is preferred according to the invention, wherein the method further comprises the following step: viii) tempering the bicycle chain, preferably until the bicycle chain has reached the temperature of the composition. It is assumed that tempering the bicycle chain in step viii) particularly contributes to the fact that the molten wax, which has a low viscosity, can penetrate gaps better due to capillary action when the bicycle chain also has a higher temperature, preferably the same temperature as the heated composition. The tempering of the bicycle chain takes place before removing the bicycle chain from the composition and preferably during the heating of the composition, more preferably during heating to the treatment temperatures defined above. Preferably, the tempering of the bicycle chain takes place before the bicycle chain cools down.

[0031] Our own investigations have shown that without pre-heating the bicycle chain, an immediate film of the compound can form after immersion, as the chain's temperature is below the wax's melting point, causing it to solidify on the chain's surface. This film prevents the molten wax from penetrating the chain's spaces. Pre-heating removes this film, allowing the spaces to be completely filled. Alternatively, the bicycle chain can be heated to a temperature above the compound's melting point before contact.

[0032] Our own investigations have shown that tempering the bicycle chain together with exposing the bicycle chain to sound improves the properties of the waxed bicycle chain more than if only sound or heat is applied.

[0033] According to the invention, one method is preferred, wherein the method further comprises the following step: ix) Cooling the bicycle chain over the wax. This step is carried out after removing the bicycle chain from the mixture. Our own investigations have shown that this promotes the formation of a uniform wax layer and thereby improves the lubrication efficiency and the service life of the chain. Alternatively, it is possible to cool the bicycle chain in a temperature-controlled room with a temperature in the range of 25 to 50 °C. However, cooling over the wax has the additional advantage that any wax particles that fall off or drip are collected in the wax bath and can be reused.

[0034] A method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the method further comprises the following step: x) Allowing the bicycle chain to rest until it has cooled down, preferably for at least one hour. This step is carried out after removing the bicycle chain from the mixture. Allowing the bicycle chain to rest until it has completely cooled down, preferably for at least one hour, ensures that the wax hardens optimally and adheres firmly, thereby significantly improving the durability and lubricating performance of the chain. If the bicycle chain is used too quickly, the friction and pressure acting on the bicycle chain during use can cause the wax to be squeezed out of the gaps in the bicycle chain if it has not already completely hardened.

[0035] A bicycle chain according to the invention is preferred, wherein the method further comprises the following step: xi) Moving the bicycle chain, preferably by deflecting the bicycle chain over a round object. This step is carried out after removing the bicycle chain from the assembly and preferably after allowing the bicycle chain to rest. Moving the bicycle chain, preferably by deflecting it over a round object, ensures that the wax on the surface and in all spaces between the chain links is broken up, resulting in improved lubrication and reduced friction.

[0036] According to the invention, a preferred method is wherein the composition is contained in the vibrating tank, preferably a metal vibrating tank, during step iv), and the vibrating tank is directly irradiated with a sound transmitter, preferably an ultrasonic transducer. The vibrating tank serves as a resonating body in which the sound waves generated by the sound transmitter are transmitted into the composition located in the tank.

[0037] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that directly sonicating the composition in the vibrating tank with a transducer offers significant advantages over a method using a container of wax in a water-filled sonic bath. This method allows for more efficient energy transfer and a more targeted concentration of sound energy on the wax composition, resulting in better mixing and homogenization. Metal vessels transmit vibrations evenly and also offer improved heat transfer, ensuring uniform heating of the wax. Direct sonication minimizes the risk of contamination, as no additional media such as water are required, and simplifies the handling and cleaning of the vessel. Furthermore, the noise level is reduced, and the safety of the process is increased by minimizing the risk of leaks and overflows.Overall, direct sonication of the vessel leads to a more efficient, safer and cleaner treatment of the wax composition, which significantly improves the quality of the waxed bicycle chain.

[0038] A method is preferred according to the invention in which the bicycle chain is contained in a basket in step iii) and / or iv), preferably a plastic or metal basket, and the basket with the chain is immersed in the composition. The use of a basket offers considerable advantages. It facilitates handling of the chain, as it lies securely and stably in the basket, which simplifies immersion and removal from the wax composition. The basket ensures uniform exposure of the entire chain to the wax composition and the sound waves, which guarantees a uniform coating and effective removal of air bubbles and impurities. Dirt particles can settle more effectively, resulting in a more thorough cleaning of the chain during waxing, as it does not lie at the bottom of the container in the composition contaminated with dirt particles.This is particularly beneficial for chains still contaminated with oil or grease, as the sonic action enhances cleaning and improves the dirt-repellent properties of the wax. A basket facilitates the washing out and removal of the oil or grease. Furthermore, using a basket reduces the risk of damage to the chain, as it remains fixed during the process and does not come into direct contact with the container walls. Plastic or metal baskets also improve cleaning and maintenance, as they are easy to remove and clean. Overall, using a basket contributes to the efficiency, safety, and quality of the process by ensuring consistent treatment of the bicycle chain, optimizing the cleaning process, and simplifying the overall procedure.

[0039] A method is preferably performed according to the invention, wherein the bicycle chain is positioned between 2 and 100 mm, preferably 2 to 60 mm, and more preferably 5 to 50 mm, away from the wall of the vessel during steps iii) and / or iv). This distance ensures that the sound waves can act unhindered on the entire chain, guaranteeing a uniform distribution of the wax and effective removal of air bubbles and impurities. This contributes to a uniform and complete coating of the chain. Sufficient distance also prevents mechanical damage to the chain from direct contact with the vessel wall, thus extending the chain's service life. Furthermore, the distance allows for better circulation of the wax composition around the chain, enabling dirt particles to be flushed away and settled more efficiently. This results in a more thorough cleaning of the chain during the waxing process.Overall, the fixed distance between the chain and the vessel wall improves the efficiency and quality of the process by ensuring optimal sound transmission, a uniform wax coating, and improved cleaning.

[0040] A method is preferred according to the invention in which the container holding the composition, i.e., the vibrating tray, tapers conically towards the bottom. This makes it possible to tip the composition out of the container after it has hardened. This facilitates storage of the composition before its next use. Furthermore, after tipping, it is possible to remove dirt particles that have settled at the bottom of the hardened composition by scraping them off. This allows the composition to be reused more frequently without any deterioration in the quality of the waxed chain.

[0041] A method is preferred according to the invention, comprising the following steps 1) Manufacturing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax; 2) Manufacturing or providing a bicycle chain, wherein the bicycle chain is either substantially free of oils or greases or is not free of oils or greases; 3) Bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially, preferably completely, immersed in the composition, wherein the composition is heated to a treatment temperature in the range of 50 to 180 °C, preferably in the range of 55 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 85 to 95 °C; 4) Tempering the bicycle chain, preferably until the bicycle chain has reached the temperature of the composition; 5) Treating the composition with sound, preferably with ultrasound, wherein the sound preferably has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz.preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 kHz, more preferably in the range of 35 to 45 kHz and / or wherein the sound has a power in the range of 0.1 to 100 W per liter of composition, more preferably in the range of 10 to 60 W per liter of composition, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50 W per liter of composition, 6. Stopping the heating of the composition and allowing the composition and the bicycle chain to cool down, wherein the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled in this step to a temperature that is at most 10 °C, more preferably at most 7 °C, more preferably at most 5 °C above the dropping point of the composition, v) Removing the bicycle chain from the composition, Another aspect of the present invention is a composition for waxing bicycle chains consisting of or comprising a) a wax. ,

[0042] According to the invention, it is preferred if the compositions according to the invention are used in a process according to the invention. The following descriptions of a composition according to the invention also apply accordingly to compositions used in a process according to the invention.

[0043] The proportion of wax is preferably 50.00 to 99.99 wt.%, more preferably 80.0 to 99.95 wt.%, more preferably 85.0 to 999.00 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0044] A composition according to the invention for waxing bicycle chains is preferred, wherein the composition further comprises b) a compound of formula (I) where R 1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl group with 5 to 24 C atoms and

[0045] R 2 is a negative charge, hydrogen, or an organic residue.

[0046] According to the invention, it is preferred if the weight ratio between wax and the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 7:1 to 990:1, preferably in the range of 11.5:1 to 199:1, more preferably in the range of 19:1 to 99:1, and more preferably in the range of 27.57:1 to 39:1. If the composition consists solely of wax and the compound of formula (I), these ranges correspond to a proportion of the compound of formula (I) in the range of approximately 0.101 to 12.5 wt.%, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 8 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 wt.%, and more preferably in the range of approximately 2.5 to 3.5 wt.%, in each case based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0047] The compound of formula (I) is therefore a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid salt, preferably a metal soap, or a carboxylic acid ester.

[0048] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that when the compound of formula (I) is added to the composition according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to remove the grease- or oil-based lubricants present on the chain before waxing. It is therefore possible to wax unused bicycle chains that are factory-coated with an oil or grease lubricant, and even used bicycle chains, with a composition according to the invention without first removing the old oil or grease, and without adversely affecting the lubricating properties. This is particularly possible when the composition according to the invention is used in a process according to the invention, whereby a significant improvement can also be observed even without using a process according to the invention, compared to a composition that does not contain the compound of formula (I) but is otherwise identical in composition.

[0049] The proportion of the compound of formula (I) is preferably 1.0 to 20.0 wt.%, more preferably 1.5 to 15.0 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 13 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0050] The dry weight of the composition is understood to be the weight of the entire composition without taking water into account.

[0051] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein R 2 is an organic residue and has the following structure: wherein the linkage with the compound of formula (I) is effected via R 3 , R 4 or R 5 and the remaining residues are either both -OH or one is -OH and the other has the structure of the compound of formula (III), where the compound is formed via R 7 and R 6 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl group with 5 to 24 C atoms.

[0052] The compound of formula (I) is therefore a monoglyceride or a diglyceride. Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that the composition according to the invention, which contains monoglycerides and diglycerides as the compound of formula (I), is particularly well suited for waxing bicycle chains from which lubricants, especially oils, have not been removed prior to waxing. After waxing, the bicycle chains exhibit improved properties (sensitivity to dirt, sliding properties, chain durability) compared to chains waxed with compositions that do not contain the compound of formula (I) but are otherwise identical in composition.

[0053] The composition according to the invention can be in the form of either so-called hot wax, which is solid at room temperature and must be heated before use, or as a wax emulsion in which the wax is dispersed in a liquid carrier substance (preferably water). Both forms enable effective lubrication of the bicycle chain and the penetration of the wax into the spaces between the chain links.

[0054] A composition is preferred according to the invention, wherein the composition is a wax emulsion. In this case, the water content is preferably 30 to 80 wt.%, more preferably 35 to 70 wt.%, and more preferably 37 to 60 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0055] The composition according to the invention can contain various types of waxes. The term "wax" refers to a group of organic substances that are malleable at 20 °C, solid to brittle-hard, have a coarse to fine crystalline structure, are translucent to opaque in color but not glassy, ​​melt above 40 °C without decomposition, are slightly liquid (low viscosity) just above their melting point, have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility, and can be polished under slight pressure. Waxes burn without ash formation. These substances have water-repellent properties and can be derived from natural sources such as beeswax or carnauba wax or be synthetically produced, such as paraffin wax or polyethylene wax. The selection of the wax depends on the specific requirements of the lubrication, such as melting point, hardness, and adhesion.

[0056] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the wax is a wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated or semi-hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soy wax, castor wax, coconut wax, and palm wax, berry wax, sunflower wax, rice waxes, candelilla wax, jojoba wax, paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax and mixtures of the aforementioned waxes.

[0057] Our own tests have shown that these waxes are particularly suitable for use on bicycle chains. Using these waxes best meets the requirements specified above for a chain wax.

[0058] Our own investigations have shown that of these waxes, paraffin wax has the best properties, and that, according to the inventive method, bicycle chains waxed with paraffin wax are obtained which exhibit very good properties for most applications; in particular, the chains repel dirt very well and provide good lubrication. Accordingly, a composition according to the inventive method in which the wax is paraffin wax is preferred. However, for specific applications, it may be advantageous to choose other waxes or wax mixtures.

[0059] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition comprises two or more waxes. A mixture of paraffin wax with a hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oil or sunflower wax has proven particularly advantageous. Sunflower wax is a wax obtained from sunflower seeds and consists predominantly of saturated fatty acid esters with 42 to 60 carbon atoms. It is also characterized by a high melting point, which is typically in the range of 74 to 77 °C. The addition of sunflower wax to paraffin wax has a similar effect to the addition of the compound of general formula (I), so that cleaning, i.e., degreasing, of the bicycle chain before waxing it with the composition according to the invention can be omitted. Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils also exhibit this effect.

[0060] A composition for waxing bicycle chains, consisting of or comprising, is therefore preferred according to the invention. a) a wax, preferably prefaffin wax, and b) hydrogenated or semi-hydrogenated vegetable oil or sunflower wax.

[0061] Furthermore, the melting point or dropping point of the composition according to the invention can be adjusted by mixing the waxes. This is necessary, for example, to adapt the bicycle chain to the temperatures during use. It is thus useful to adapt a composition to low temperatures so that the waxed chain has optimal properties in winter, or to high temperatures so that the waxed chain has optimal properties in summer.

[0062] By selectively choosing and combining different waxes, the flexibility and performance of the lubrication can be maximized under various climatic conditions. Furthermore, mixing waxes allows for fine-tuning the viscosity and hardness of the composition, which further improves the durability and efficiency of the lubrication. This is particularly advantageous for ensuring lubrication performance under extreme weather conditions and minimizing wear on the bicycle chain. A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the wax is obtained from plants or extracted from plant parts.

[0063] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the wax has a melting point in the range of 40 to 120 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100 °C, preferably in the range of 54 to 70 °C, and more preferably in the range of 56 to 58 °C.

[0064] Our own investigations have surprisingly shown that waxes with defined melting points offer significant advantages. These melting points allow for an optimal balance between ease of use and performance. The wax melts easily during application, ensuring an even and thorough coating of the bicycle chain. At the same time, the wax remains solid under normal ambient conditions, guaranteeing high temperature stability. These properties minimize heat stress and the risk of overheating during application. Furthermore, the specific melting points promote efficient distribution of the wax into the spaces between the chain links, resulting in improved lubrication and a longer chain lifespan.

[0065] A preferred composition according to the invention contains at least two waxes, the first wax having a melting point in the range of 40 to 120 °C, preferably in the range of 50 to 100 °C, more preferably in the range of 54 to 70 °C, and more preferably in the range of 56 to 58 °C, and the second wax having a higher melting point than the first wax. This combination of waxes offers significant advantages in the lubrication of bicycle chains, as it ensures optimal viscosity and adhesion at different temperatures, reduces chain wear, and extends the service life of the chain lubrication.

[0066] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition contains a lubricating additive, preferably selected from the group consisting of tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNT), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powders (e.g., zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), graphene, and graphite. The addition of graphene and / or graphite as a lubricating additive is particularly preferred.

[0067] The proportion of the lubricant additive is preferably 0.001 to 10 wt.%, more preferably 0.01 to 7 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0068] If the proportion of the lubricating additive is too low, no improvement in the sliding properties can be achieved, while if the proportion is too high, no further significant improvement in the sliding properties can be observed with increasing proportions, and the lubricating additives may separate from the composition or clump together. Our own investigations have shown an improvement in the sliding properties when using graphene as a lubricating additive, even at very low concentrations in the range of 10 to 50 ppm, especially when graphene is mixed with graphite. Without committing to a specific theory, it is assumed that a small proportion of graphene, up to 50 ppm, is sufficient to ensure initial lubrication. Due to its structure, graphene can penetrate very deeply into the chain and act there as a lubricating additive.During riding, the graphite is ground down by the forces acting upon it and then functions as a lubricant, ensuring the chain is lubricated over a very long ride. Despite its low concentration of less than 50 ppm, the graphene provides initial lubrication, resulting in good lubrication shortly after the chain is put into operation, while the graphene ensures long-lasting lubrication.

[0069] By adhering to the optimal sound power and sliding additive content ranges, it is ensured that the inventive method works efficiently and gently in order to guarantee the best possible lubrication and protection of the bicycle chain.

[0070] Particularly at high proportions of the lubricating additive, segregation of the additive from the composition can occur. The degree at which segregation occurs depends on the wax used, the lubricating additive, and also on the other components of the composition. In many cases, segregation occurs at a lubricating additive content exceeding 5% by weight. However, our own investigations have shown that segregation can be avoided by using sound, especially ultrasound, during the process according to the invention. This also makes it possible to further increase the proportion of lubricating additive without causing segregation. A higher proportion of lubricating additive can significantly improve the lubricating performance of the composition, leading to an even more efficient reduction of friction and wear on the bicycle chain. The proportion of lubricating additive is then preferably 5.0 to 20% by weight.-%, more preferably 6.0 to 15 wt.%, more preferably 8 to 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0071] This extends the chain's service life and ensures consistent and long-lasting lubrication. Additionally, the use of sound, particularly ultrasound, allows a higher proportion of the lubricating additives to penetrate the spaces between the chain links, further optimizing the lubrication effect.

[0072] Furthermore, the use of ultrasound offers additional advantages in connection with lubricating additives. Ultrasonic waves can prevent the agglomeration of lubricating additive particles, resulting in a more uniform distribution of the additives within the wax composition. This leads to improved consistency and homogeneity of the lubrication. Moreover, the use of ultrasound facilitates the dispersion of nanoscale lubricating additive particles such as graphene, further increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the lubrication. This uniform distribution and deeper penetration of the lubricating additives into the chain links further reduces friction and extends the service life of the bicycle chain.

[0073] Our own investigations have shown that the application of ultrasound to compositions according to the invention, which include lubricating additives, causes the particles of the lubricating additives to be broken down into smaller particles. This effect was observed particularly with graphite, but also with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boron nitride (BN), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polyalphaolefin (PAO), ceramic powders (e.g., zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide), calcium sulfonate, and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). The effect did not occur with tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). The breaking down of the lubricating additive particles allows them to penetrate the spaces between bicycle chains more effectively. This results in more uniform and deeper lubrication, which further reduces friction and wear on the chain.Additionally, the finer particle size improves the stability and homogeneity of the lubricant composition, resulting in more efficient and longer-lasting lubrication overall. The improved distribution of the lubricating additives increases lubrication effectiveness even under extreme conditions, thereby optimizing the performance and lifespan of the bicycle chain.

[0074] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, nonadecyl, pentadecenyl, heptadecenyl, nonadecenyl, docosenyl, heptadecadienyl, heptadecatrienyl, nonadecatetraenyl, nonadecapentaenyl, docosahexaenyl and these alkyls which have one or more functional groups, in particular hydroxy groups.

[0075] Our own investigations have shown that the choice of group R1 can have a very strong influence on the properties of the resulting composition. Depending on the wax used, the polarity of the compound of formula (I) can be adjusted by choosing group R1. In our own investigations, compounds of formula (I) showed the best properties when group R1 corresponds to the groups listed above.

[0076] A composition according to the invention is particularly preferred, wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises stearic acid, a stearate (preferably zinc stearate), 12-hydroxystearic acid, a 12-hydroxystearate (preferably zinc 12-hydroxystearate), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dilaurate, and glyceryl dimyristate, wherein stearic acid and stearate (especially zinc stearate) are particularly preferred. The stearate is preferably zinc stearate or lithium stearate.

[0077] A composition according to the invention is preferred, wherein R 2 is a negative charge and the composition additionally contains a cation, preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium (Na+), zinc (Zn2+), calcium (Ca2+), barium (Ba2+), potassium (K+), lithium (Li+), ammonium (NH4+), tetramethylammonium (N(CH3)4+), tetraethylammonium (N(C2H5)4+), tetrabutylammonium (N(C4H9)4+), triethylammonium (N(C2H5)3H+), choline (C5H14NO+), pyridinium (C5H5NH+), methylammonium (CH3NH3+), ethanolammonium (HOCH2CH2NH3+), morpholinium (C4H 10 NO +< ), particularly preferred are zinc (Zn 2+< ) and lithium (Li'), so that the compound of formula (I) is zinc soap or lithium soap.

[0078] A composition according to the invention is preferably comprising an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 diolate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein, soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan gum, carrageenan and methylcellulose.

[0079] Our own investigations have shown that the presence of emulsifiers in the compositions according to the invention also has a beneficial effect on the properties of bicycle chains waxed using this composition. Without committing to a specific theory, it is assumed that emulsifiers promote the mixing between the waxes and any oils present on the bicycle chains, resulting in a homogeneous mixture of wax and oil that does not lead to the disadvantages described above. Furthermore, it is assumed that the presence of emulsifiers also improves the removal of oils from the chain.

[0080] The proportion of emulsifier is preferably 0.1 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 15 wt.%, more preferably 1.0 to 10 wt.%, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0081] A composition according to the invention is preferred which contains an emulsifier and / or a compound of formula (I).

[0082] Emulsifiers that may correspond to one of the compounds of formula (I) shall, in case of doubt and especially for the calculation of weight fractions, be considered as one compound of formula (I).

[0083] With regard to preferred embodiments of the above-mentioned method according to the invention and possible combinations of one or more aspects of the invention mentioned above, the explanations given for the compositions according to the invention apply accordingly, and vice versa.

[0084] Another aspect of the present invention is a waxed chain produced according to a method according to the invention.

[0085] Another aspect of the present invention is a waxed chain produced by waxing with a composition according to the invention.

[0086] Another aspect of the present invention is the use of sound, in particular ultrasound, for waxing a bicycle chain with a composition comprising or consisting of a wax. It is in accordance with the invention if the composition is a composition according to the invention.

[0087] A use according to the invention is preferred in which the composition is heated before treatment with sound, after treatment with sound and / or simultaneously with treatment with sound.

[0088] A preferred use according to the invention is wherein the sound, preferably the ultrasound, is generated by a sound transmitter and the generated sound or ultrasound acts directly on the composition.

[0089] A use according to the invention is preferred, wherein the composition is a wax emulsion.

[0090] The properties described above for a method according to the invention, in particular with regard to sound frequencies and intensities, are also applicable accordingly to a use according to the invention.

[0091] Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a compound of formula (I) as an additive in compositions for waxing bicycle chains.

[0092] Another aspect of the present invention is the use of sunflower wax as an additive in compositions for waxing bicycle chains, wherein the wax is or contains paraffin wax.

[0093] Another aspect of the present invention is the use of a composition according to the invention for waxing bicycle chains. Examples: Example 1: Creating a composition for waxing bicycle chains:

[0094] In a homogenizer, 980 g of a paraffin wax with a dropping point of 58 °C were melted, 20 g of graphite powder were added, and the mixture was then thoroughly homogenized. The homogeneous mixture was poured into molds, cooled to approximately 23 °C, and removed from the molds. The mixture could then be used for waxing bicycle chains. Example 2: Creating a composition for waxing bicycle chains:

[0095] In a homogenizer, 980 g of a paraffin wax with a dropping point of 58 °C was melted. 20 g of graphite powder and 50 g of stearic acid were added, and the mixture was then thoroughly homogenized. The homogeneous mixture was poured into molds, cooled to approximately 23 °C, and removed from the molds. The mixture could then be used for waxing bicycle chains. Example 3: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0096] The composition from Example 1 was placed in a heated vibrating tank and heated to 90 °C. A standard bicycle chain (Shimano CN-HG601 118gl) was then placed in the liquid composition and tempered for 10 minutes until the chain reached the temperature of the composition. During this time, the composition was sonicated with ultrasound.

[0097] The heating of the mixture and the application of ultrasound were then stopped, and the mixture was cooled to approximately 59 °C before the bicycle chain was removed. After the chain was left to rest for about an hour, the wax on the chain was broken up by repeatedly wrapping the waxed chain around a round wooden rod. The bicycle chain was then ready for use on a bicycle. Example 4: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0098] Example 3 was repeated, but this time a combination of Example 2 was used. Example 5: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0099] Example 3 was repeated, but without ultrasound. Example 6: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0100] Example 3 was repeated, but without ultrasound and using a combination from Example 2. Example 7: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0101] Example 3 was repeated, with the bicycle chain being completely cleaned of the oil present on the brand new chain before being added to the liquid composition. Example 8: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0102] Example 3 was repeated, with the bicycle chain being completely cleaned of the oil present on the brand new chain before being added to the liquid composition, and a composition from Example 2 being used. Example 9: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0103] Example 3 was repeated, with the bicycle chain being completely cleaned of the oil present on the brand new chain before being added to the liquid composition, and no ultrasonic treatment was performed. Example 10: Waxing a bicycle chain:

[0104] Example 3 was repeated, whereby the bicycle chain was completely cleaned of the oil present on the brand new chain before being added to the liquid composition, and no sonication with ultrasound was carried out, but a composition from Example 2 was used. Results

[0105] A Rose REVEAL PLUS 105 e-road bike was mounted on a Tacx Neo 2 Smart T2850 roller trainer, and the respective bicycle chains from examples 3 to 10 were fitted. The e-road bike was set up to generate a constant power output of 150 watts, and the roller trainer was set up to generate a constant resistance of 150 watts. Under these conditions, the bicycle chains from examples 3 to 10 were subjected to stress until a distance equivalent to 1000 km was achieved.

[0106] The chain length was then measured at intervals of 10 chain links to determine the wear. Additionally, the noise level during the last 100 km was assessed. Example Degreased chain Ultrasonic Combination of formula (I) Noise level Bicycle chain wear after 1000 km at 150 W power 3 no Yes no + + 4 no Yes Yes ++ ++ 5 no no no - - 6 no no Yes + + 7 Yes Yes no + ++ 8 Yes Yes Yes ++ ++ 9 Yes no no ○ ○ 10 Yes no Yes + ○ - bad, o neutral, + good, ++ very good

[0107] With the exception of the bicycle chain from example 5, all waxed bicycle chains showed a low level of dirt particle adhesion to the bicycle chain.

Claims

1. A method for waxing a bicycle chain comprising the following steps: i) manufacturing or providing a composition comprising or consisting of a wax, ii) manufacturing or providing a bicycle chain, iii) bringing the bicycle chain into contact with the composition such that the bicycle chain is at least partially, preferably completely, immersed in the composition, iv) treating the composition with sound, v) removing the bicycle chain from the composition.

2. Method according to claim 1, method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bicycle chain in step ii) or iii) is not free of oils or greases.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound has a frequency in the range of 5 to 200 kHz, preferably in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, more preferably in the range of 20 to 40 kHz.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sound has a sound intensity in the range of 0.1 to 50 W / cm² 2 exhibits, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 W / cm² 2 , preferably in the range of 1 to 15 W / cm² 2 exhibits.

5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the method further comprises the following step: vi) heating the composition.

6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the bicycle chain is heated in step vi) to a treatment temperature in the range of 70 to 180 °C, preferably in the range of 80 to 110 °C, more preferably in the range of 85 to 95 °C.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the sound is infrasound or ultrasound, preferably ultrasound.

8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition is an emulsion.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein in this step the bicycle chain (and / or the composition) is cooled to a temperature that is 1 to 10 °C, preferably 1.5 to 7 °C, more preferably 2 to 5 °C above the melting point of the composition.

10. Composition for waxing bicycle chains, consisting of or comprising a) a wax, 11. Composition according to claim 11, further comprising b) a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstantiated alkyl group with 5 to 24 C atoms and R2 is a negative charge, hydrogen or an organic group, wherein the weight ratio between wax and the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 7:1 to 990:

1.

12. Use of sound, in particular ultrasound, for waxing a bicycle chain with a composition comprising or consisting of a wax.

13. Method, use or composition according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the wax is a mixture of paraffin wax and sunflower wax.

14. Method, use or composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein A) the compound of formula (I) stearic acid, a stearate (preferably zinc stearate), 12-hydroxystearic acid, a 12-hydroxystearate (preferably zinc 12-hydroxystearate), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monopalmitate (GMP), glyceryl monolaurate (GML), glyceryl monomyristate (GMM), glyceryl distearate, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, glyceryl dilaurate and glyceryl dimyristate, wherein stearic acid and stearate (especially zinc stearate) are particularly preferred.The stearates are preferably zinc stearates or lithium stearates and / or B) the wax is a wax selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated or semi-hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as soy wax, castor wax, coconut wax and palm wax, berry wax, sunflower wax, rice waxes, candelilla wax, jojoba wax, paraffin wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, montan wax, polyethylene wax, microcrystalline wax and mixtures of the aforementioned waxes.

15. A method, use or composition according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising an emulsifier, preferably an emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lecithin, gum arabic, agar, pectin, guar gum, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), sorbitan monostearate (Span 60), polyglycerol-10 diolate, sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL), casein, whey protein, soy protein, gelatin, glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl oleate, cetearyl alcohol, xanthan gum, carrageenan and methylcellulose.

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