Modular support system for protective mesh structures

Abstract

The invention relates to a support (10), having at least one beam (14), in particular a profiled beam, having at least one support foot part (16), and having at least one support head part (18). According to the invention, the beam (14) is connected without welding to the support foot part (16) and / or to the support head part (18).

Description

[0001] Modular support system for protective net structures

[0002] State of the art

[0003] The invention relates to a modular support system according to the preamble of claim 1, a construction kit according to claim 9, a support according to the preamble of claim 13, a protective net structure according to claim 33 and two methods according to claims 34 and 35.

[0004] A variety of different supports for safety net structures are known from the state of the art, e.g. from European patent application EP 1 911 884 A1. The supports known from the state of the art are designed as one-piece assembled or one-piece welded steel supports, which are designed and manufactured depending on the individual requirements of the respective safety net structures, so that the required heights, energy classes, etc. can be achieved. This project-related production of the complete supports is usually very labor-intensive. The complete production of the known supports takes place in a production facility at the support manufacturer and the supports are then delivered in one piece to the construction site of the

[0005] Safety net structures are often installed in locations that are difficult to access, e.g., mountainous. The logistics for delivering the supports to the intended installation site can therefore be very complex. The prefabricated supports are regularly brought to the intended installation site by helicopter. The heavier and / or more spatially expansive a support delivered by helicopter is, the more costly and time-consuming its installation becomes. The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a generic device with advantageous properties with regard to efficiency, in particular with regard to resources, cost expenditure and / or time expenditure. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the independent patent claims, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

[0006] Advantages of the invention

[0007] The invention is based on a modular support system for producing a support for a protective net structure, comprising at least one support, in particular a profile support, comprising at least one support base part, and comprising at least one support head part.

[0008] It is proposed that at least the column base part and / or at least the column head part (each) be designed as a modular component that can be fixed to the support, in particular as a prefabricated one. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a high level of efficiency. Manufacturing costs can advantageously be reduced, in particular by switching from project-specific individual production to series production of modular components. This can also advantageously save costs, manufacturing time and / or resources. The modular column system can advantageously enable on-site production of columns for safety net structures, i.e. in particular at the construction site. The associated reduction in the size of the individual components to be transported can advantageously reduce the necessary logistical effort, in particular with regard to costs and / or resource consumption / CO2 production.Advantageously, identical modular components can be used for various safety net support systems. Furthermore, repairs can be simplified, particularly since only damaged modular components of supports need to be replaced, rather than entire supports. Furthermore, in contrast to previous project-specific individual production, the modular components can be stored in stock, thus advantageously reducing the availability / delivery times of supports. Furthermore, storage space requirements can be reduced, for example, because individual beams are significantly easier to stack than fully assembled supports with a support head and base.The advantage is that fewer protective measures are required during storage and transport to protect against damage (for example, when transporting a fully assembled column, care must be taken to ensure that the entire weight of the beam is not applied to parts of the column head). Furthermore, the modular design can advantageously achieve a resource-saving reduction in delivery routes, for example, because individual module components can now be procured locally, e.g., in the country in which the safety net structure is to be installed, particularly due to the structural simplicity of modular components compared to prefabricated complete columns. For example, locally available steel profiles could advantageously be used for beam module components, instead of having to ship the steel profiles from a central production site all over the world. This can advantageously ensure ecological sustainability, e.g.This can be improved, for example, by reducing CO2 emissions due to shorter delivery routes. Furthermore, a high degree of flexibility can be achieved. For example, the shape or design of a support can be adapted on-site by replacing a modular component.

[0009] A support is preferably designed as a predominantly vertical component (at least relative to a subsurface plane). In particular, the support is intended to absorb and transmit loads. In particular, the support is intended to suspend and / or hold at least one cable of a safety net structure and / or at least one safety net, preferably a steel wire safety net, of a safety net structure. In particular, the support is intended to suspend and / or hold a net and cable structure. A “modular component” is to be understood in particular as a technical unit that can be combined with other technical units to form a higher-quality whole, in particular the support. In particular, individual modular components can be combined in different ways to form the whole depending on requirements and / or customer wishes. The modular components advantageously form elements of a modular system.Advantageously, a modular component forms an interchangeable, complex element within an overall system that forms a closed functional unit.

[0010] In particular, in the modular design, a system, in particular the support, is composed of modular components along defined points, in particular defined interfaces. In particular, the interfaces of all modules, especially those with the same functions, are identical and / or compatible with one another.

[0011] The modular support system comprises, in particular, a plurality of modular components that can be combined with one another and joined to form a support. In particular, each modular component of the modular support system comprises at least one interface, which is provided for mounting the modular component on another modular component, preferably functionally different from the other. The support is, in particular, likewise designed as a modular component of the modular support system. In particular, each configuration of the modular component, column base part, of the modular support system comprises at least one support interface, which allows and enables the respective column base part to be fixed to each configuration of the modular component, the support.In particular, each configuration of the modular component, column head part, of the modular support system has at least one support interface, which allows and enables the respective column base part to be fixed to each configuration of the modular component, column head part. In particular, each configuration of the modular component, column head part, of the modular support system has at least one support base part interface, which allows and enables the respective support to be fixed to each configuration of the modular component, column head part. In particular, each configuration of the modular component, column head part, of the modular support system has at least one support head part interface, which allows and enables the respective support to be fixed to each configuration of the modular component, column head part.The support interfaces, the column head section interfaces, and / or the column base section interfaces can be designed as plug-in interfaces, screw-connection interfaces, clamp-connection interfaces, adhesive interfaces, or the like. "Intended" is understood to mean, in particular, specifically programmed, designed, and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function is understood to mean, in particular, that the object fulfills and / or performs this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.

[0012] The beam forms, in particular, a central part of the column. The beam preferably extends over at least a large part of the total longitudinal extent of the column. A large part is to be understood as meaning, in particular, 51%, preferably 60%, more preferably 70%, and particularly preferably 85%. In particular, the beam essentially determines the load-bearing capacity of the column. The beam can be designed as a profile beam with a cross-section that is essentially constant along its longitudinal extent. Alternatively, however, the beam could also have varying cross-sections along the longitudinal extent. In particular, the beam can be designed like a beam. The column base part forms, in particular, a first column end region of the column. The column base part is preferably provided for fixation to a first beam end region of the beam. In particular, the column base part forms an adapter part for connecting the beam to a base plate.The base plate is preferably provided for mounting the support to a subsurface, e.g., rock or a concrete foundation. The support head part forms, in particular, a second support end region of the support, in particular opposite the first support end region. The support head part is preferably provided for fixation to a second support end region of the support, in particular opposite the first support end region. In particular, the support head part forms an adapter part for mounting cables of the safety net structure. In particular, the support head part has cable guides for guiding cables of the safety net structure.

[0013] The protective net structure is designed, in particular, as a rockfall protection barrier, a debris flow barrier, a shallow landslide barrier, an avalanche protection barrier, a temporary or permanent road barrier, a coastal protection barrier, an intrusion protection barrier, a motorsport barrier, a mine protection barrier, an anti-terrorism barrier, or as another protective net barrier supported by supports. In particular, the support is manufactured by assembling at least two, preferably at least three, modular components of the modular support system. However, it is conceivable that the support consists of more than three modular components or that, in addition to the three modular components, further modular components can optionally be added to the support."Prefabricated modular components" refers in particular to modular components that are manufactured, preferably in series production, in various designs, e.g., thicknesses, sizes, materials, etc., without a specific project reference. The modular support system advantageously allows for the production of a very large number of different supports from a relatively small, particularly consistent, pool of modular components. The modular support system advantageously allows for the production of supports for a wide variety of safety net structures from a relatively small, particularly consistent, pool of modular components.

[0014] Furthermore, a weld-free assembly of the column base and / or column head to the beam is proposed. This advantageously simplifies production and / or assembly, particularly on-site at a construction site. Good ecological sustainability can be achieved by eliminating energy-intensive joining methods such as welding. This can advantageously improve quality and / or reduce transport costs for the installation of a safety net structure in remote and / or less developed regions of the world where there is a lack of specialists and materials for quality welding. This is particularly advantageous because suppliers who are authorized to weld components of safety net structures must be certified according to EN 1090-1_2009+A1:2011 and EN 1090-2_2020 and / or must be able to perform standardized visual inspections according to EN ISO 17637:2011.Otherwise, (EAD) approval problems for the safety net structures may arise. Therefore, if welding-free assembly is possible, this work step can advantageously be carried out worldwide and on site. Approval problems for safety net structures with the supports according to the invention are thus advantageously avoided. Advantageously, even during the local assembly of the support, a work step (welding) by a metalworker can be saved, which in particular can save time, transport costs, transport resources and labor costs. Advantageously, the proportion of manual labor can be reduced, particularly in critical production steps, which can advantageously lower the risk of errors. Furthermore, the use of non-weldable materials can be advantageously enabled, which offers additional advantages in terms of weight (e.g. non-weldable carbon steel, aramid, HDPE, basalt, carbon fiber), ecological (e.g.Wood or bamboo), material costs (e.g., glass-fiber-reinforced plastics), etc. Preferably, the column base, the column head, and / or the support are made of a material that is difficult to weld or non-weldable. In particular, the column base and / or the column head can be mounted to the support by screwing, clamping, plugging, e.g., via a press fit, and / or by gluing.

[0015] Furthermore, it is proposed that at least the column base part and / or at least the column head part can be connected to the support, preferably non-destructively, replaceably and / or, preferably non-destructively, detachably. This advantageously makes it possible for individual parts of defective protective net structures (e.g. after a block impact) to be easily and separately replaced. In particular, this can often avoid the need to replace entire supports. This advantageously saves resources, costs, and labor. For example, the column base part and / or the column head part could be mounted to the support by a detachable screw connection, by reversible clamping, by detachable plugging, and / or by detachable bonding.

[0016] It is further proposed that the modular support system comprise at least one further, particularly prefabricated, modular component which can be (removably) fixed to the support, which is designed as a climbing aid and which can preferably be mounted to the support without welding. This allows the advantages of modularity to be further developed. Advantageously, the support can be easily manufactured either with or without a climbing aid. Advantageously, one climbing aid could be sufficient for several supports of a safety net structure (when dismantling one support and subsequently installing it on another support). In particular, the climbing aid is designed to be insertable into recesses provided in the support. In particular, the climbing aid is mounted frontally on the support.This makes climbing up the supports significantly easier compared to a climbing aid mounted to the side of the support, particularly when a safety net is already suspended. The climbing aid can be composed of several separate step elements. In particular, at least the support module component of the modular support system has at least one climbing aid interface, which allows and enables the climbing aid to be fixed to the support. The climbing aid interface can be designed as plug-in interfaces, screw-connection interfaces, clamp-connection interfaces, adhesive interfaces, or the like. In addition, it is proposed that the modular support system has at least one further module component, in particular a prefabricated one, which can be (removably) fixed at least to the support, which is designed as an anti-tilt device and can be mounted to the support in a weld-free and preferably hole-free manner.This advantageously allows a high level of safety to be achieved. In particular, the anti-tilt device is intended to prevent the support from tipping over when the base plate is being installed. In particular, this can prevent the beam from tipping over when the support is being installed, thereby injuring people or damaging equipment. In particular, the anti-tilt device is installed immediately after the beam has been erected. A “hole-free connection” of the anti-tilt device should be understood in particular to mean a connection between the anti-tilt device and the beam which requires no holes in the beam at all, e.g. for installing screws, shackles, or similar. A “weld-free connection” of the anti-tilt device should be understood in particular to mean a connection between the anti-tilt device and the beam which requires no welding or welding of components, at least on the beam side.For example, the anti-tilt device can be attached to the beam side using a clamp or by tying it to the beam or looping it around the beam. The anti-tilt device can be attached to the beam side using conventional methods, e.g., by attaching it to an eyelet on the base plate.

[0017] It is also proposed that the modular support system comprise at least one further module component, particularly a prefabricated one, which can be combined with the support, the support base, and / or the support head. This further module component is designed as a sensor module and comprises, for example, at least one pressure sensor, at least one tension sensor, at least one corrosion sensor, and / or the like. This can advantageously increase safety. Furthermore, the integration of a sensor system into a protective net structure can advantageously be simplified. Furthermore, a sensor system can advantageously be retrofitted into already installed support systems. In particular, the sensor module itself can be modular in design and comprise a variable selection of different sensors, e.g., pressure sensors, tension sensors, corrosion sensors, weather sensors, gas sensors, light sensors, etc.In particular, at least one module component of the modular support system has at least one sensor module interface, which allows and enables the sensor module to be fixed to the respective module component. The sensor module interface can be designed as a plug-in interface, a screw-connection interface, a clamp interface, an adhesive interface, or the like.

[0018] It is also conceivable that the base plate forms a further modular component, in particular a prefabricated one, that can be combined with the column base part.

[0019] If the support further comprises at least two support module components, in particular those that can be joined together in the longitudinal direction of the support, the flexibility of the modular support system and / or the variety of supports that can be produced can advantageously be increased. Advantageously, the length and / or thickness of the support for the modular support system can be variably adjusted. In particular, the support can also be assembled from more than two, e.g., three, four, or more than four support module components. In particular, the support module components can be assembled together by screwing, clamping, plugging, and / or gluing.

[0020] In this context, it is proposed that the support module components that form the support when joined together have different material thicknesses, different maximum outer diameters, and / or different profile types. This can advantageously increase the flexibility of the modular support system and / or the diversity of the supports that can be manufactured. For example, the support could be thinner towards the top, i.e., toward the support head section interface, or be made of a lighter material or a lower material thickness.

[0021] Furthermore, a construction kit and / or assembly set for the modular support system is proposed, at least comprising two or more, in particular prefabricated, supports and at least comprising two or more, in particular prefabricated, support base parts and / or, in particular prefabricated, support head parts, which can be combined with the supports. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a high level of efficiency. Manufacturing costs can advantageously be reduced, in particular by switching from project-specific individual production to series production of modular components. This can also advantageously save costs, manufacturing time and / or resources. In particular, the construction kit can additionally comprise two or more different, in particular prefabricated, base plates. In particular, the construction kit can additionally comprise two or more different, in particular prefabricated, climbing aids.In particular, the kit can additionally comprise two or more different, particularly pre-assembled, sensor modules. In particular, the kit can additionally comprise two or more different, particularly pre-assembled, anti-tilt devices. In particular, the kit can additionally comprise two or more different, particularly pre-assembled, carrier module components. It is also conceivable that the different carriers or at least one of the carrier module components can be flexibly cut to the required lengths on-site or in production.

[0022] Furthermore, it is proposed that at least two of the supports of the modular system, at least two of the column base parts of the modular system, and / or at least two of the column head parts of the modular system each have different levels of corrosion protection, in particular corrosion protection layers of different compositions or thicknesses, or surface materials with different levels of corrosion resistance. This advantageously allows for adjustment of the corrosion resistance of the column. This advantageously allows for adaptability of protective net structures to local weather variations or locally varying environmental conditions. Furthermore, at least the column base parts, the column head parts, and the supports or other components of the modular system could also have different levels of corrosion protection.For example, it is conceivable that a corrosion protection level of the column foot part of a column, the base plate of a column and / or a lower support module component of the support of a column (bottom area of ​​the column) is higher than a corrosion protection level of the column head part of the same column or an upper support module component of the support of the same column (superstructure of the column), in particular if this is located, for example, in permanently moist vegetation or near a body of water or similar.

[0023] Furthermore, it is proposed that at least two of the supports of the modular system each have significantly different core materials. This advantageously allows for adjustment of the weight and / or load-bearing capacity of a support. For example, it is conceivable that the support base of a support, a base plate of a support, and / or a lower support module component of the support of a support have a stronger / higher tensile strength / more fracture-resistant / more durable, but possibly heavier, core material than the support head of the same support or the upper support module component of the support of the same support.

[0024] If, in addition, at least two of the supports of the modular system are each designed as profile supports with substantially different profile types, this advantageously enables adaptation of the load-bearing properties of a support. Furthermore, adaptation to local profile availability is advantageously enabled, which in particular can shorten transport routes and thus reduce resource consumption and / or CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the modular system can comprise at least two different support base parts, at least two different support head parts and / or at least two different base plates. The different support base parts, support head parts and / or base plates can have different sizes, different shapes, different materials or different functional elements, such as connection points to cables and / or fastening elements / bolts of the safety net structure.For example, the profile beam can have an H-profile, a T-profile, a U-profile, a Z-profile, or an L-profile. Other profiles, including round, rectangular, or square solid profiles or hollow profiles, are also conceivable. In particular, the profile type of each of the profile beams can be compatible with the standards of various jurisdictions, such as the EU, Australia, the USA, or Indonesia.

[0025] Furthermore, a support is proposed, in particular manufactured by the modular support system, preferably using the construction kit, comprising at least one beam, in particular a profile beam, comprising at least one support base part, and comprising at least one support head part, wherein the beam is connected to the support base part and / or to the support head part without welding. This advantageously simplifies production and / or assembly, in particular on-site at a construction site. Good ecological sustainability can advantageously be achieved by dispensing with an energy-intensive joining method such as welding. Furthermore, the use of non-weldable materials to form a support for a protective net structure can advantageously be enabled.

[0026] If, in addition, the column head part, the column foot part and / or the base plate itself are manufactured without welding, the aforementioned advantages of being weld-free can be expanded even further. In particular, the column head part, the column foot part and / or the base plate are free of sub-elements connected to one another by welding. In particular, the column head part, the column foot part and / or the base plate are manufactured solely from one or more plates, in particular metal plates, preferably one or more bent, lasered and / or punched plates, preferably metal plates. In the case of the column head part, the column foot part and / or the base plate being formed from several plates, in particular metal plates, these can be connected by screwing, by plugging together, by gluing and / or by clamping.

[0027] It is also proposed that the support comprise the base plate, which is connected, in particular without welding, to the support base part and is provided at least for bolt mounting of the support in a substructure. This advantageously enables simple support mounting. The base plate comprises, in particular, at least one support surface which is provided for resting on the substructure. The base plate comprises, in particular, a mounting interface for mounting the support base part to the base plate. The mounting interface can be formed, for example, by a bolt receptacle. In particular, the mounting interface is provided for mounting the support base part, in particular the remainder of the support, in various angular positions relative to the support surface of the base plate, which angular positions can be adjustable or dependent on the design of the support base part.During bolt installation, bolts, preferably forming rock nails, are sunk into the subsoil and at least clamped or screwed to the base plate. In particular, the bolts form the anchorages, particularly the soil and / or rock anchorages, of the column.

[0028] If the base plate has a plurality of bolt positioning points for bolt mounting, with all bolt positioning points of the base plate being aligned with a support positioning point for mounting the support to the base plate, force distribution during force transmission between the base plate and the support can be advantageously optimized. This advantageously significantly reduces the torque acting on the bolts and / or the base plate.

[0029] If, in addition, the base plate is formed solely from bent metal parts screwed together, the support can advantageously be completely weld-free and achieves the associated advantages. The storage space required for base plates can advantageously be reduced. A high degree of flexibility in the design of the base plates can advantageously be achieved. In particular, the base plate is composed of only four screws, four spacer tubes, and two bent metal parts. In particular, the bent metal parts of the base plate are at least essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another. The screws are guided in particular through the spacer tubes. The spacer tubes preferably specify a distance between the screwed bent metal parts. The spacer tubes can be of different lengths.Ideally, the length of the spacer tubes should correspond approximately to the diameter of the bolts / rock nails used to attach the base plate to the ground. For example, the spacer tubes are 50 mm long, but could also be longer or shorter depending on requirements.

[0030] In addition, it is proposed that the support is at least largely made of a, in particular high-strength, steel, in particular a carbon steel, with a tensile strength of at least 380 N / mm 2 , preferably of at least 470 N / mm 2 , preferably of at least 600 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably 700 N / mm 2is designed. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a low weight with simultaneous high stability and / or safety. In particular, the use of this steel as a support material can only be guaranteed by the weld-free connection of the support to the column base part and / or to the column head part, in particular to all other modular components of the modular column system, since this, in particular high-strength, (carbon) steel is generally not weldable or can only be welded with great difficulty and / or with great effort. It is also conceivable that one or more other modular components, in particular the column head part, the column base part and / or the base plate, are made of the same steel or a steel with a comparable tensile strength.

[0031] Alternatively or additionally, it is proposed that the support be at least partially constructed of stainless steel. This advantageously achieves particularly high corrosion resistance of the support and / or the safety net structure with the support, particularly if other components of the safety net structure are also made of stainless steel. Stainless steel is understood to mean, in particular, a rust-resistant steel that preferably meets the definition in the European standard DIN EN 10020:2000-07. In particular, the support is designed as a lightweight support for use in safety net structures.

[0032] Alternatively, it is proposed that the support be constructed at least largely from a wood-based material, such as acacia or larch, or from a grass-based material, such as woody bamboo. This advantageously achieves high environmental compatibility. Biodegradability of at least part of the support can advantageously be achieved. In particular, suitable hardwoods achieve sufficient strength for practical use in many types of protective net structures, particularly those installed temporarily and / or permanently.

[0033] Alternatively, it is proposed that the support be made at least largely from fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP = Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). This allows for advantageous installation properties. Advantageously, the weight of a support made of fiber-reinforced plastic is significantly lower than that of a steel support, thus reducing the need for heavy-duty helicopters. Advantageously, handling during transport and installation is made significantly easier. Furthermore, fiber-reinforced plastic supports, especially when used with suitable UV protection, can advantageously exhibit particularly high levels of corrosion resistance. In particular, fiber-reinforced plastic, unlike steel, does not rust. Advantageously, a long service life of the support can be achieved.In particular, studies have surprisingly shown that despite the significantly different material properties of fiber-reinforced plastic compared to steel, comparable performance can be achieved between the two supports, particularly when loads / impacts are applied to the safety net structure. In particular, according to the study results, the difference in weight of the supports does not appear to play a particular role in their protective effect in a safety net structure. The support is made of fibers impregnated with a polymer / resin, for example glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or basalt fibers. The supports made of fiber-reinforced plastic are manufactured using a pultrusion process as virtually continuous parts. In the pultrusion process, the fibers are brought together, impregnated in the polymer / resin, pulled through an elongated mold, e.g. a profile mold, and cured.The beams manufactured in this way can then be coated with one or more protective and / or decorative layers. In particular, the beam completely or almost completely forms the part of the column located between the column head and the column foot.

[0034] It is further proposed that the support be formed, at least on one surface, from a flame-retardant and / or self-extinguishing material or be coated with a flame-retardant and / or self-extinguishing material. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a high level of safety and / or reliability for protective net structures, particularly when using supports made at least partially from FRP materials. In particular, the support is surrounded by at least one flame-retardant shell / outer shell. For example, the flame-retardant shell / outer shell is made of polyester. Alternatively or additionally, the support can have a shell / outer shell made of polycarbonate, which can in particular be self-extinguishing. Alternative materials, particularly plastic materials, are conceivable.The term "flame-resistant" is understood to mean, in particular, relatively less flammable than FRP, for example, FRP formed from epoxy resin and glass fibers. For example, at least the surface of the support is made of a material of building material class B1 according to DIN 4102-1:1998-05. According to this standard, in order to meet the B1 criteria, standardized test pieces of tested materials must still have an average residual length of more than 15 cm after a so-called fire shaft test and fall below an average flue gas temperature of 200 degrees Celsius. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the synthetic resin used to manufacture the support is already flame-resistant, such as polyester resin.

[0035] It is additionally proposed that the support be made of a UV-resistant material at least on one surface. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve high reliability and / or service life for protective net structures, particularly when using supports made at least partially from FRP materials. In particular, the support is surrounded by at least one UV-resistant shell / outer shell. For example, the UV-resistant shell / outer shell is made of polyester. Alternatively or additionally, the support can have a shell / outer shell made of vinyl ester resin, which can have a particularly UV-protective effect. The term “UV-resistant” is intended to mean, in particular, relatively more UV-resistant than FRP, for example FRP formed from epoxy resin and glass fibers. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the synthetic resin used to produce the support is already UV-resistant, such as polyester resin or vinyl ester resin.It is also conceivable that a cover / outer shell is both UV-resistant and flame-retardant.

[0036] The support could have a mass of less than 100 kg per meter of support length, preferably less than 50 kg per meter of support length. This could achieve advantageous installation properties for safety net structures, in particular without compromising the protective effect of the safety net structure. Preferably, the support and / or a support module component of the support could have a mass of less than 25 kg per meter of support or support module component length. This could advantageously enable manual lifting of the support or support module component, in particular by a single person, in particular while adhering to occupational health and safety regulations, such as those of the Swiss SUVA.It is also proposed that the support have at least one failsafe element, in particular made of a material different from the material of the beam, which is intended to maintain a reduced beam function in the event of significant damage to the beam, such as a breakage of the beam, and / or to ensure a sufficient residual usable height of a protective net structure / barrier having the support or supported by the support. This advantageously makes it possible to achieve a particularly high level of safety and / or reliability of the lightweight supports for protective net structures. In particular, the failsafe element is fastened to the beam. In addition, the failsafe element can be fastened to the support head part and / or to the support base part. In particular, the failsafe element extends parallel to a main extension direction of the beam.A "main extension direction" of an object should be understood in particular to be a direction that runs parallel to the longest edge of the smallest geometric cuboid that just completely encloses the object. In particular, it is conceivable for the support to have more than one failsafe element. In particular, the failsafe element is intended to hold the resulting fragments together in the event of a beam fracture. In particular, the failsafe element is arranged on a valley side or on a slope side of the installed beam. Alternatively or additionally, the failsafe element can be arranged on a side of the installed beam that is perpendicular to the valley side. In particular, if the beam is designed as a profile beam with an H-profile, the failsafe element is arranged on an inner side of the H-profile, in particular on a web of the H-profile.Alternatively, the arrangement of the failsafe element or further failsafe elements on one of the flanges of the H-profile or on both flanges of the H-profile is also conceivable. In particular, the failsafe element is intended to prevent parts of a safety net structure from completely tipping over in the event of a support breaking. The failsafe element can be mounted to the support, e.g. by adhesive bonding, screw connection or the like and / or integrated into the support, e.g. by designing the support as a multi-component component. The failsafe element is in particular designed as a rigid, e.g. rod-shaped, component. The failsafe element is in particular made from a material different from FRP. The failsafe element is in particular made from a material which has a significantly higher elasticity than FRP.In particular, a modulus of elasticity of the failsafe element is at least 30%, preferably at least 100%, higher than a modulus of elasticity of the carrier.

[0037] If the failsafe element is designed as a flat steel bar running parallel to a main extension direction of the beam, which is mounted on the beam (externally) and / or which is integrated into the beam, a particularly high level of safety and / or reliability of the lightweight supports for protective net structures can advantageously be achieved. In particular, the failsafe element extends over at least 80% of a total extension of the beam, preferably at least 90% of the total extension of the beam and preferably the entire beam. In particular, the flat steel contacts the beam with a side having a maximum surface area. In particular, the flat steel lies flat against a surface of the beam. It is conceivable that the flat steel is connected to the support head part and / or to the support base part, for example clamped, glued or plugged together.

[0038] If the flat steel is also made of spring steel, a particularly high fracture resistance and / or a particularly good safety effect can be achieved. In particular, the spring steel of the flat steel has an elastic limit of at least 800 N / mm 2 , preferably at least 1000 N / mm 2 (with a tensile strength of 800 to 2000 N / mm 2 ). In particular, the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength of the spring steel or flat steel is above 80%.

[0039] If, in particular in addition to the support, the column foot part, the column head part and / or the metal bent parts of the base plate are made of a, in particular high-strength, steel, in particular a carbon steel, preferably with a tensile strength of at least 380 N / mm 2 , preferably of at least 470 N / mm 2 , preferably at least 600 n / mm 2 and particularly preferably 700N / mm 2, a low overall weight of the column can be advantageously achieved while maintaining high stability and / or safety. In particular, the use of this steel as a material for the column base and / or the column head can only be ensured by the weld-free connection of the support to the column base and / or the column head, in particular to all other modular components of the modular column system, since this steel, especially high-strength (carbon) steel, is generally not weldable or can only be welded with great difficulty and / or with great effort.

[0040] Additionally, it is proposed that the column base section have at least one integrated anti-tilt component, in particular an integrated superstructure anti-tilt component. This advantageously achieves a high level of safety. Furthermore, one-person assembly of the column can be advantageously enabled. This advantageously eliminates the need to provide restraint ropes during column assembly, particularly since the column can already stand in the base plate by itself thanks to the integrated anti-tilt component. This advantageously improves assembly efficiency and, in particular, saves resources (e.g., fewer helicopter hours).In particular, to create the securing effect against the column tipping back, especially during the column's assembly, the anti-tilt component of the column interacts with another anti-tilt component of the column, which is designed as a bolt mountable on the base plate. The another anti-tilt component preferably serves as a stop for the anti-tilt component of the column's base, which limits and / or prevents relative movement between the beam / column base and the base plate. In particular, the position of the another

[0041] Anti-tilt component in the base plate, in particular adjustable to set a maximum permissible tilt angle. For example, the base plate can have a plurality of spaced-apart (bolt) receiving recesses provided for mounting the additional anti-tilt component on the base plate. In particular, the anti-tilt component integrated into the column base part is designed differently from and / or in addition to the modular component of the modular column system that also forms an anti-tilt device. Preferably, the anti-tilt component integrated into the column base part is provided for initial anti-tilt protection during assembly of the column, while the modular component of the modular column system that forms the anti-tilt protection is provided for permanent anti-tilt protection of the fully installed column.However, it is also conceivable that the additional anti-tilt device forming the modular component is omitted and only the integrated anti-tilt device is provided for continuous operation.

[0042] It is also proposed that the column base part has at least one integrated or mounted centering aid for centering the column base part during assembly to a base plate of the column. This can advantageously simplify column assembly considerably. This can advantageously improve assembly efficiency and, in particular, save resources (e.g., fewer helicopter hours). Furthermore, safety for the assembler, in particular the assembler's fingers, can be increased. The centering aid of the column base part interacts in particular with a part of the base plate, in particular with an outer contour of the assembly interface, to achieve the centering of the column base part relative to the base plate. In particular, the centering aid is designed as one or more elements protruding laterally beyond the column base part, e.g., screws, bolts, or similar., which come into contact on their peripheral surfaces with the contour of the mounting interface of the base plate, which then, in turn, guides the column foot part into the correct, centered position due to the contour of the base plate. Furthermore, a protective net structure with one or more columns and with at least one protective net, in particular a high-strength steel wire net, preferably a high-strength steel wire ring net, is proposed. This makes it possible to achieve advantageous installation properties, in particular while maintaining a high, in particular at least consistent, protective effect. In particular, the protective net is designed as a wire net made of wires, preferably of high-strength steel wires with tensile strengths above 1000 N / mm. 2The safety net can be designed as a wire mesh mesh with rectangular or rhombic mesh shapes, as a steel wire ring mesh with interlocking or shackle-linked rings, as a so-called omega mesh with wave-shaped, pre-curved spiral rope strands that are interwoven, as a hexagonal mesh or as a mesh with a different mesh shape, or as a combination of the aforementioned meshes. Safety nets made of materials other than high-strength steel are of course also conceivable. In particular, the safety net construction is designed as a net and rope construction in which the safety net is suspended and, if necessary, guided by ropes stretched between the supports.

[0043] Furthermore, a method for manufacturing the support using the modular support system, preferably from the modular system, is proposed. This advantageously allows for high efficiency. Manufacturing costs can be reduced, particularly by switching from project-specific individual production to series production of modular components. This also advantageously allows for savings in costs, manufacturing time, and / or resources.

[0044] Furthermore, a method for producing the support with the beam, which is formed at least largely from a fiber-reinforced plastic, is proposed, in particular for a protective net structure comprising this support, with the method steps: a) producing a profiled rod from a fiber-reinforced plastic by means of pultrusion, in particular as a continuous part, b) cutting the profiled rod to length, in particular to an individually required length, to produce the beam formed as a profiled beam, c) providing a support head part, in particular made of steel, d) welding-free fixing of the support head part to the beam, for example by means of a connecting element, by means of gluing and / or by means of a press fit, e) providing a support base part, in particular made of steel, f) welding-free fixing of the support base part to the beam, for example by means of a connecting element,by means of bonding and / or a press fit, and g) optionally, weld-free fixing of the base plate to the column foot. This advantageously allows the creation of a particularly lightweight column, which advantageously has at least equivalent performance compared to a pure steel column.

[0045] The modular support system according to the invention, the construction kit according to the invention, the support according to the invention, the safety net construction according to the invention, and the methods according to the invention are not intended to be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the modular support system according to the invention, the construction kit according to the invention, the support according to the invention, the safety net construction according to the invention, and the methods according to the invention may have a number of individual elements, components, and units that differs from the number stated herein in order to fulfill a function described herein.

[0046] Drawings

[0047] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will conveniently consider the features individually and combine them into useful further combinations. They show:

[0048] Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a protective net structure with supports,

[0049] Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a support produced by means of a modular support system,

[0050] Fig. 3a is a schematic perspective detail view of the support produced by the modular support system,

[0051] Fig. 3b is a schematic perspective view of a base plate of the support with an alternative bolt arrangement,

[0052] Fig. 4 shows schematically a kit for the modular support system for the production of different supports, which are intended for use in different protective net structures,

[0053] Fig. 5 is a schematic section through an exemplary support beam made of a glass-fiber reinforced plastic,

[0054] Fig. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing the support using the modular support system and / or the construction kit and

[0055] Fig. 7 is a schematic flow diagram of a fail-safe procedure for supports of protective net structures to prevent support failures.

[0056] Description of the embodiments

[0057] Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a protective net structure 12. In the illustrated case, the protective net structure 12 is designed as a rockfall protection barrier, which is intended to intercept impact bodies 96, for example boulders. Alternative types of protective net structures 12 are conceivable. The protective net structure 12 has a protective net 80. In the illustrated case, the protective net 80 is designed as a steel wire ring net. In the illustrated case, the protective net 80 is designed as a

[0058] REVISED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP high-strength steel wire mesh. Alternative common types of

[0059] Safety nets 80 are conceivable. Fig. 1 shows the safety net construction 12

[0060] CORRECTED SHEET (RULE 91) ISA / EP, for example, immediately after an impact of the impactor 96. The impactor 96 was caught by the rockfall protection barrier and is suspended in the protective net 80. During the capture process, the kinetic energy of the impactor 96 was completely absorbed by the protective net structure 12. In the illustrated case, the protective net structure 12 comprises four columns 10. The columns 10 are anchored in a substratum 52 forming a rock face. The protective net structure 12 comprises cables 98. The cables 98 are at least partially anchored to the rock face. The cables 98 are attached to the columns 10, in particular to the column head sections 18 of the columns 10. The cables 98 are partially threaded into the protective net 80. The safety net 80 is attached, in particular suspended, to the rock face and the supports 10 by means of cables 98. The safety net structure 12 comprises upper support cables 100. The supports 10 each have support head sections 18.The upper support cables 100 each extend between column head sections 18 of adjacent columns 10. The upper support cables 100 are attached to the column head sections 18 of the columns 10. The protective net structure 12 comprises lower support cables 102. The columns 10 each have base plates 50. The lower support cables 102 each extend between base plates 50 of adjacent columns 10. The lower support cables 102 are attached to the base plates 50 of the columns 10. In addition, the protective net structure 12 shown by way of example in Fig. 1 comprises side guy cables 174 and retaining cables 176. The support cables 100, 102 are designed as steel cables, in particular made of high-strength steel wire.

[0061] Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective overview view of an individual support 10 of the protective net structure 12. Fig. 3a shows a schematic perspective, exploded view of a modular support system, with part of a beam 14 of the support 10 hidden for clarity. The modular support system is intended for the production of the support 10. The modular support system comprises modular components 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142. The modular components 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142 are each prefabricated. The support 10 is created by combining modular components 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142. The support 10 comprises the beam 14. The beam 14 is designed as a profile beam. The beam 14 forms a modular component 104 of the modular support system. In the example shown in Fig. 3a, the modular component 104, beam 14, comprises two separately formed beam module components 38, 40.The support 14 has a longitudinal direction 36. The longitudinal direction 36 runs parallel to a main extension direction 74 of the support 14. The support module components 38, 40 can be joined / are joined together in the longitudinal direction 36 of the support 14. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the support 14 to be formed by only a single, monolithic support module component or for the support 14 to be composed of more than two support module components. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 3a, the support module components 38, 40 are each formed with the same material thicknesses, outer diameters, and profile types. Alternatively, however, the support module components can also have different material thicknesses, different maximum outer diameters, and / or different profile types; see in particular the modular system 42 shown in Figure 4.

[0062] The carrier 14 is manufactured without welding. The carrier module components 38, 40 are connected to one another without welding. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, the carrier module components 38, 40 are inserted into one another. The carrier 14 is made of a non-weldable or difficult-to-weld material. The carrier 14 shown in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 3a is formed from a steel, in particular a carbon steel. The steel of the carrier 14 has a tensile strength of at least 420 N / mm 2Alternatively or additionally, the support 14 could be made at least partially (e.g. on an outer surface) or completely from stainless steel. However, it is also conceivable for the support 14 to be made from a standard steel, e.g. a structural steel, which could possibly also be weldable. Alternative support materials are conceivable. For example, Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the support 14 is made at least for a large part from a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP = Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). Furthermore, instead of being made from metal, the support 14 could be made at least for a large part from a wood material, such as acacia wood or larch wood, or from a grass material, such as lignified bamboo.

[0063] The support 10 comprises a support base part 16. The support base part 16 forms a modular component 20 of the modular support system. The support base part 16 forms a modular component 20 that can be fixed to the modular component 104 of the support 14. In the example shown in Fig. 3a, the modular components 20, 104 of the support 14, and the support base part 16 are fixed by screwing using screw elements that are each guided through holes in the support 14 and the support base part 16. The support base part 16 is mounted to the support 14 without welding. The support base part 16 is itself manufactured without welding. The support base part 16 is made of a steel, in particular a carbon steel, with a tensile strength of at least 420 N / mm 2, manufactured. Alternatively or additionally, the column base part 16 can be made of stainless steel. The column base part 16 is connected to the support 14 in a non-destructively replaceable manner. The column base part 16 is connected to the support 14 in a non-destructively detachable manner. The column base part 16 is formed differently and / or separately from the base plate 50 of the support 10.

[0064] The column base part 16 forms an adapter part for connecting the support 14 to the base plate 50. The base plate 50 comprises a mounting interface 88 for mounting the column base part 16. The mounting interface 88 of the base plate 50 is formed by a bolt-receiving recess 86 for a mounting bolt 106. The column base part 16 also has a mounting interface 108. The mounting interface 108 of the column base part 16 is formed as a through-hole. When mounting the column base part 16 to the base plate 50, the mounting bolt 106 is pushed through the through-hole of the mounting interface 108 of the column base part 16 and through the bolt-receiving recess 86 of the mounting interface 88 of the base plate 50 and secured there. This type of bolt mounting allows pivoting of the support foot part 16 to the base plate 50. The support 10 has a tilt-back protection device 136.The support base part 16 has a backtilt protection component 76 of the backtilt protection 136. The backtilt protection 136 of the support base part 16 forms a superstructure backtilt protection. The backtilt protection component 76 of the support base part 16 is integrated into the support base part 16. The backtilt protection component 76 of the support base part 16 is designed as an (integral) longitudinal extension of the support base part 16. The base plate 50 has a further backtilt protection component 110 of the backtilt protection 136. The further backtilt protection component 110 of the base plate 50 is designed as a bolt-receiving recess in the base plate 50. The further backtilt protection component 110 of the base plate 50 is arranged below the mounting interface 108 of the base plate 50, as viewed in the erection direction 116 of the support 10. The support 10 has a second additional anti-tilt component 112 of the anti-tilt device 136.The second additional anti-tilt component 112 of the support 10 is designed as a bolt. The second additional anti-tilt component 112 of the support 10 is provided to be inserted into the bolt receiving recess of the additional anti-tilt component 110 of the base plate 50 and fixed there in order to activate the anti-tilt device 136. As a result, the second additional anti-tilt component 112 of the support 10, with a support base part 16 mounted to the base plate 50, is arranged relative to the anti-tilt component 76 of the support base part 16 in such a way that the anti-tilt component 76 of the support base part 16 abuts the second additional anti-tilt component 112 of the support 10, thereby limiting rotation of the support base part 16 relative to the base plate 50, i.e., in particular, preventing the support 14 mounted to the support base part 16 from tipping backward.The base plate 50 may have a plurality of additional anti-tilt components 110, whereby a maximum tilt angle can be set and / or whereby a secured tilt direction can be determined.

[0065] The column base part 16 has a centering aid 78. The centering aid 78 is provided for centering the column base part 16 during assembly of the column base part 16 to the base plate 50. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, the centering aid 78 is mounted on the column base part 16. Alternatively, the centering aid 78 could also be integrated into the column base part 16. In the case shown, the centering aid 78 is formed by two screw bolts penetrating the column base part 16 and fixed to the column base part 16. The base plate 50 has a centering contour 114. The centering contour 114 is arranged above the assembly interface 108 of the base plate 50, viewed in the erection direction 116 of the column 10. The screw bolts forming the centering aid 78 contact the centering contour 114 with their circumferential surfaces.By passing over the centering contour 114 by the screw bolts forming the centering aid 78, the column foot part 16 is pushed (automatically / gravity-assisted) into a centered position in which the mounting interfaces 88, 108 preferably overlap optimally and thus an easy insertion of the mounting bolt 106 is possible.

[0066] The column base part 16 has a support interface 118. The support interface 118 of the column base part 16 is provided for the weld-free assembly of the column base part 16 to the support 14. The support 14 has a column base part interface 120. The column base part interface 120 is provided for the weld-free assembly of the support 14 to the column base part 16. In the case illustrated in Fig. 3a, the column base part interface 120 and the support interface 118 of the column base part 16 are connected by means of screws inserted through overlapping holes in the support 14 and the column base part 16. The support interface 118 of the column base part 16 is arranged at an opposite longitudinal end of the column base part 16 as the anti-tilt component 76 of the column base part 16. The column 10 comprises a column head part 18. The column head part 18 forms a module component 22 of the modular column system.The column head part 18 forms a modular component 22 that can be fixed to the modular component 104 of the support 14. In the example shown in Fig. 3a, the modular components 22, 104 of the support 14, and the column head part 18 are fixed by screwing using screw elements, each of which is guided through holes in the support 14 and the column head part 18. The column head part 18 is mounted to the support 14 without welding. The column head part 18 itself is manufactured without welding. The column head part 18 is made of a steel, in particular a carbon steel, with a tensile strength of at least 420 N / mm. 2 , manufactured. Alternatively or additionally, the support head part 18 can be made of stainless steel. The support head part 18 is connected to the support 14 in a non-destructively replaceable manner. The support head part 18 is connected to the support 14 in a non-destructively detachable manner. The support head part 18 includes cable guides 122 and / or mounting points for shackles 124 or the like.

[0067] The column head part 18 has a support interface 126. The support interface 126 of the column head part 18 is provided for the weld-free assembly of the column head part 18 to the support 14. The support 14 has a column head part interface 128. The column head part interface 128 is provided for the weld-free assembly of the support 14 to the column head part 18. In the case illustrated in Fig. 3a, the column head part interface 128 and the support interface 126 of the column head part 18 are connected by means of screws inserted through overlapping holes in the support 14 and the column head part 18.

[0068] The support 10 comprises a climbing aid 26. The support 10 comprises a plurality of climbing aids 26, although only one is provided with a reference symbol in Fig. 3a and is described in more detail. The climbing aids 26 are at least substantially identical to one another. The climbing aid 26 forms a further modular component 24 of the modular support system. The climbing aid 26 is provided to assist a person (cf. Fig. 1) when climbing onto the support 10. The climbing aid 26 is attached to a front side 130 of the support 10. An alternative arrangement of the climbing aid 26 would, however, also be conceivable. The climbing aid 26 is mounted to the carrier 14 without welding. The carrier 14 has a mounting interface 132 for mounting the climbing aid 26. The climbing aid 26 is substantially designed as a (U-shaped) bent rod, in particular a metal rod.The mounting interface 132 for mounting the climbing aid 26 includes holes into which the ends of the rod bent to form the climbing aid 26 can be inserted. The climbing aid 26 has a securing element 134 at each end of the bent rod, which secures the climbing aid 26 against detachment from the support 14. The securing element 134 can be configured as an angled end portion or as a securing bolt or securing wedge inserted through one end of the bent rod of the climbing aid 26. Alternatively, the climbing aid 26 can also be configured as steel bands wrapped and tensioned around the support 14.

[0069] The support 10 comprises a back-tilt device 30. The back-tilt device 30 forms a further modular component 28 of the modular support system. The back-tilt device 30 is designed as a permanent back-tilt device. The back-tilt device 30 can be provided alternatively or in addition to the back-tilt device 136 partially integrated into the support base part 16. It is conceivable that the back-tilt device 136 partially integrated into the support base part 16 is used during assembly of the support 10, and the back-tilt device 30 forming the modular component 28 secures the support 10 after assembly. However, it is also conceivable that one of the two back-tilt devices 30, 136 is completely omitted. The back-tilt device 30 comprises a cable construction. The back-tilt device 30 is mounted to the support 14 without welding. The back-tilt device 30 is mounted to the base plate 50 without welding.Additionally, it is conceivable that the anti-tilt device 30 is mounted to the support 14 without holes (cf. the component of the kit 42 from Fig. 4 with the reference numeral 30'). In the case illustrated in Fig. 3a, however, the anti-tilt device 30 is screwed to the support 14 via a mounting interface 138.

[0070] The support 10 comprises a sensor module 34. The sensor module 34 forms a further modular component 32 of the modular support system. The sensor module 34 can comprise a pressure sensor, a tension sensor, a corrosion sensor, and / or the like. The sensor module 34 can be provided for monitoring impact events in the protective net structure 12, aging or wear of the protective net structure 12, or environmental parameters of the protective net structure 12. The support 10 has a sensor module interface 140. The sensor module interface 140 is arranged on the support head part 18. Alternatively or additionally, the support 14, the support foot part 16, or the base plate 50 could also have a sensor module interface 140. The sensor module 34 could be designed like that described in the German patent application with the publication number DE 10 2020 122 861 A1.

[0071] The base plate 50 forms a further modular component 142 of the modular support system. The base plate 50 is connected to the support base part 16 without welding. The base plate 50 is provided for bolt mounting of the support 10 in the substrate 52. The base plate 50 has a plurality of bolt positioning points 54, 56, 144 for bolts 58, 60 that enable bolt mounting. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 3a, the base plate 50 has exactly three bolt positioning points 54, 56, 144. In the example shown in Fig. 3a, only two bolt positioning points 54, 56 are also occupied by bolts 58, 60. The third bolt positioning point 144, which is provided for the angled mounting of another bolt, remains free in this case. The base plate 50 has a carrier positioning point 64 for mounting the carrier 14 to the base plate 50.The support positioning point 64 is defined / specified by the mounting interface 88 of the base plate 50. All bolt positioning points 54, 56, 144 of the base plate 50 are arranged in a line 62 to the support positioning point 64 of the base plate 50.

[0072] The base plate 50 itself is manufactured without welding. The base plate 50 is formed solely by screwed-together bent metal parts 66, 68. The base plate 50 comprises exactly two bent metal parts 66, 68. The bent metal parts 66, 68 are mirror-symmetrical to each other. The bent metal parts 66, 68 are connected to each other by screws 146. The base plate 50 forms one or more cable guide areas 148.

[0073] Fig. 3b shows the base plate with an alternative arrangement of the bolts 58, 60. One of the two bolts 58 is positioned at an angle relative to the other bolt 60. The base plate 50 has an insert 180. The insert 180 forms an inclined bolt support for the bolt 58. The insert 180 is placed on the base plate 50. The insert 180 is intended to be pressed, in an assembled state, against the base plate 50 by the bolt 58, in particular by a bolt nut 182 of the bolt 58 that can be screwed onto the bolt 58. The inclined bolt 60 is preferably used when no underlying concrete foundation can be created. However, it is also conceivable that the inclined bolt 60 is nevertheless used even when concrete foundations are already present.

[0074] Fig. 4 schematically shows a kit 42 for the modular support system for producing the supports 10, which are intended for use in different (types, sizes, etc.) protective net structures 12. The kit 42 comprises kits for a very large number of supports 10. The kit 42 comprises a plurality of different supports 14, 14', 14", 14'", 14"". The different supports 14, 14', 14", 14'", 14"" of the kit 42 have different lengths, different profile types and / or different transverse extensions. In addition, the kit 42 can have different support module components 38, 40, which in turn can be assembled to form different further supports 14. The kit 42 comprises a plurality of supports 14, each with substantially different core materials. The kit 42 comprises a plurality of supports 14, each with different levels of corrosion protection.The modular system 42 comprises a plurality of different column head sections 18, 18'. The different column head sections 18, 18' can have different sizes, different cable guides 122, different cable fastening devices, different shapes, different materials, etc. The modular system 42 comprises a plurality of different column base sections 16, 16'. The different column base sections 16, 16' can have different sizes, different anti-tilt devices 30, different centering aids 78, different materials, etc. The modular system 42 comprises a plurality of different base plates 50, 50'.The different base plates 50, 50' can have different sizes, different materials, different material thicknesses, different cable guide areas 148, different cable fastening devices, different bolt positioning points 54, 56, different mounting interfaces 88, different centering contours 114, etc. The kit 42 comprises a plurality of different sensor modules 34, 34'. The different sensor modules 34, 34' can comprise different module sizes or different sensor combinations, etc. The kit 42 comprises a plurality of different backtilt devices 30, 30'. The different backtilt devices 30, 30' can comprise different thicknesses or different mounting interfaces 138 for mounting on the support 14, etc. The backtilt device 30', which is fastened without holes, is secured / attached to the support 14 by means of a clamp 44.To create the mounting, the clamp 44 engages, for example, on one of the flanges 152, 154 of a profile of a beam 14 designed as a profile beam. To create the mounting, the clamp 44 engages the flange 152, 154 of the profile of the beam 14. Alternative hole-free fastenings of the anti-tilt device 30, 30' to the beam 14, such as steel bands wrapping around the beam 14 or screw connections / clamping (e.g., in the manner of a screw clamp or similar) to the beam 14, are conceivable.

[0075] At least one support 14, 14', 14", 14'", 14"", a column head section 18, 18', a column foot section 16, 16', and a base plate 50, 50' can be combined to form different supports 10. The different supports 10 are designed for different sizes, different energy classes, and / or types of safety net structures 12, in particular with different service life requirements or with different projected load cases / load types.

[0076] Fig. 5 schematically shows a section through a support 14 of an exemplary support 10 created using the modular support system, in particular from the kit 42. The support 14 from the exemplary embodiment in Fig. 5 is designed, by way of example, as a support 14 made at least largely from a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP = Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). A support 14 designed in this way advantageously has a mass of less than 100 kg per meter of length of the support 14. The support 14 forms an H-profile / a double-T-profile. The support 14 comprises a web 150. The support 14 comprises a first flange 152. The support 14 comprises a second flange 154 opposite the first flange 152. The support 14 is formed from a flame-retardant material at least on one surface 70. The support 14 is formed from a self-extinguishing material at least on the surface 70.Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the entire carrier 14 to be made of a flame-retardant and / or self-extinguishing material, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic. The carrier 14 is made of a UV-resistant material, at least on the surface 70. Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the entire carrier 14 to be made of a UV-resistant material, in particular fiber-reinforced polyester resin or vinyl ester resin. The carrier 14 shown as an example in Fig. 5 has a core 156 and several shell layers 158, 160, 162. In the example shown, the core 156 of the carrier 14 is made of a glass roving impregnated in a polymer resin. Alternatively, basalt rovings, aramid rovings, carbon rovings, etc. are also conceivable. In the example shown, a first shell layer 158 of the carrier 14 is made of a glass fiber mat impregnated in a polymer resin.Alternatively, basalt fiber mats, aramid fiber mats, carbon fiber mats, etc. are also conceivable. A second covering layer 160 of the carrier 14 is formed in the example shown by a so-called surfacing veil. The surfacing veil is formed in particular from nonwoven and evenly distributed glass fiber strands impregnated with a polymer resin and serves to reinforce the surface of a component and create a smooth, resin-rich, and durable surface. A third covering layer 162 of the carrier 14 is formed in the example shown by a coating made of a self-extinguishing and UV-resistant material, e.g., polyester.

[0077] The support 10 has a failsafe element 72 (not shown in the view of the beam 14 in Fig. 3a). The failsafe element 72 is intended to maintain a reduced beam function in the event of significant damage to the beam 14. The failsafe element 72 is intended to ensure a sufficient residual usable height of the protective net structure 12 comprising the support 10 in the event of significant damage to the beam 14. The failsafe element 72 is arranged running parallel to a main extension direction 74 of the beam 14. The failsafe element 72 is mounted to the beam 14 (e.g., by means of screws). Alternatively, the failsafe element 72 can also be partially or completely integrated into the beam 14, e.g., in the core 156 of the beam 14. The failsafe element 72 is designed as a flat steel. The flat steel is made of spring steel.The failsafe element 72 extends over more than 80%, preferably over more than 90% of a distance between the column base part 16 and the column head part 18 of the column 10.

[0078] Fig. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram for a method for

[0079] Production of the support 10 for protective net structures 12. In the method, the support 10 can be manufactured using the modular support system. In the method, the support 10 can be manufactured using the modular system 42. In at least one method step 82, a profile rod made of a fiber-reinforced plastic is produced by pultrusion. The profile rod is produced as a continuous part in a continuous process. The produced profile rod can have one of the profile shapes mentioned above. In at least one further method step 84, the profile rod is cut to an individually required length. In this process, the desired support 14 for the respective support 10 is produced. Alternatively, in at least one method step 46, the desired support 14 can be produced by joining together several support module components 38, 40.In a further alternative method step 48, the support 14 could also be made of a material other than the fiber-reinforced plastic, e.g., from high-strength steel, stainless steel, a wood-based material, or a grass-based material, etc. In at least one further method step 90, the appropriate support head part 18 is provided. In at least one further method step 92, the support head part 18 is fixed to the support 14 without welding. In at least one further method step 92, a support base part 16 is provided. In at least one further method step 94, the support base part 16 is fixed to the support 14 without welding. In at least one further method step 164, a base plate 50 is provided. In at least one further method step 166, the base plate 50 is fixed to the support base part 16 without welding.In at least one further method step 168, the failsafe element 72 is attached to the support 14. Alternatively or additionally, the failsafe element 72 can also be attached to the support head part 18, the support foot part 16, and / or the base plate 50. Furthermore, the failsafe element 72 can alternatively already have been integrated into the support 14 during the pultrusion of method step 82. In at least one further method step 170, the support 10 is installed in a protective net structure 12. Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow diagram of a failsafe method for supports 10 of protective net structures 12 to prevent support fractures. In at least one method step 172, at least two fragments of supports 10 are held together by the failsafe element 72, so that a reduced support function of the broken support 10 is maintained and / or that a sufficient residual useful height of the protective net structure 12 is ensured.In at least one further method step 178, a module component 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142 damaged, e.g., by an impact, is replaced, preferably at the location of the protective net structure 12. For this purpose, the damaged module component 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142 is removed from the support 10 without damaging any undamaged module components 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142, and replaced with a new, undamaged module component 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 104, 142 having the same function.

[0080] Reference symbol

[0081] 10 Support

[0082] 12 Protective net construction

[0083] 14 carriers

[0084] 16 Column base part

[0085] 18 Column head part

[0086] 20 modular components

[0087] 22 Modular component

[0088] 24 modular component

[0089] 26 Climbing aid

[0090] 28 Modular component

[0091] 30 Anti-tilt device

[0092] 32 modular component

[0093] 34 Sensor module

[0094] 36 Longitudinal direction

[0095] 38 Carrier module component

[0096] 40 carrier module component

[0097] 42 construction kits

[0098] 44 bracket

[0099] 46 Process step

[0100] 48 process steps

[0101] 50 base plate

[0102] 52 Underground

[0103] 54 Bolt positioning point

[0104] 56 Bolt positioning point

[0105] 58 bolts

[0106] 60 bolts

[0107] 62 Line

[0108] 64 Carrier positioning point

[0109] 66 Metal bent part Metal bent part

[0110] surface

[0111] Failsafe element

[0112] Main extension direction

[0113] Anti-tip component

[0114] Centering aid

[0115] protective net

[0116] Process step

[0117] Process step

[0118] Bolt receiving recess

[0119] Mounting interface

[0120] Process step

[0121] Process step

[0122] Process step

[0123] Impact body

[0124] Rope

[0125] Upper suspension cable

[0126] Lower suspension cable

[0127] Modular component

[0128] Mounting bolts

[0129] Mounting interface

[0130] Anti-tip component

[0131] Anti-tip component

[0132] Centering contour

[0133] Installation direction

[0134] Carrier interface

[0135] Column base part interface

[0136] Rope guide

[0137] shackle

[0138] Carrier interface

[0139] Column head section interface front

[0140] Mounting interface Securing element Tilt-back protection Mounting interface Sensor module interface Module component

[0141] Bolt positioning point screw

[0142] Rope guide area web flange flange core

[0143] Shell layer Shell layer Shell layer Process step Process step Process step

[0144] Process step Process step Side guy rope Retaining rope Process step Insert Bolt nut

Claims

Claims 1 . Modular support system for producing a support (10) for a protective net structure (12), such as a rockfall protection barrier, a debris flow barrier, a slope debris flow barrier, an avalanche protection barrier or the like, comprising at least one support (14), in particular a profile support, comprising at least one support base part (16), and comprising at least one support head part (18), characterized in that at least the support base part (16) and / or at least the support head part (18) is designed as a modular component (20, 22) that can be fixed to the support (14), in particular as a prefabricated component.

2. Modular support system according to claim 1, characterized by a weld-free assembly of the support base part (16) and / or the support head part (18) to the support (14).

3. Modular support system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least the support base part (16) and / or at least the support head part (18) for forming the support (10) can be connected to the support (14) preferably in a non-destructive, replaceable and / or, preferably non-destructive, detachable manner.

4. Modular support system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one, in particular prefabricated, further modular component (24) which can be fixed to the support (14), which is designed as a climbing aid (26) and which can preferably be mounted on the support (14) without welding.

5. Modular support system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one, in particular prefabricated, further module component (28) which can be fixed at least to the support (14), which is designed as a tilt-back protection device (30) and can be mounted on the support (14) in particular without welding and preferably without holes.

6. Modular support system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one, in particular prefabricated, further module component (32) which can be combined with the support (14), the support base part (16) and / or the support head part (18), which is designed as a sensor module (34) and comprises, for example, at least one pressure sensor, at least one tension sensor, at least one corrosion sensor and / or the like.

7. Modular support system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support (14) comprises at least two support module components (38, 40), which can be joined together in particular in the longitudinal direction (36) of the support (14).

8. Modular support system according to claim 7, characterized in that the support module components (38, 40) forming the support (14) by joining together have different material thicknesses, different maximum outer diameters and / or different profile types.

9. Construction kit (42) for a modular support system according to one of claims 1 to 8, at least comprising two or more, in particular prefabricated, supports (14, 14') and at least comprising two or more, in particular prefabricated, support base parts (16) and / or, in particular prefabricated, support head parts (18), which can be combined with the supports (14).

10. Construction kit (42) according to claim 9, characterized in that at least two of the supports (14, 14') of the construction kit (42), at least two of the column base parts (16, 16') of the construction kit (42) and / or at least two of the column head parts (18, 18') of the construction kit (42) each have different corrosion protection levels, in particular corrosion protection layers of different composition or thickness or surface materials of different corrosion resistance.

11. Construction kit (42) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least two of the supports (14, 14') of the construction kit (42) each have substantially different core materials.

12. Construction kit (42) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least two of the supports (14, 14') of the construction kit (42) are each designed as profile supports with profile types that are substantially different from one another.

13. Support (10), in particular produced by a modular support system according to one of claims 1 to 8, preferably using a construction kit (42) according to one of claims 9 to 12, comprising at least one support (14), in particular profile support, comprising at least one support base part (16), and comprising at least one support head part (18), characterized in that the support (14) is connected to the support base part (16) and / or to the support head part (18) without welding.

14. Support (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the support head part (18) itself is manufactured without welding.

15. Support (10) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the support base part (16) itself is manufactured without welding.

16. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized by a base plate (50) connected, in particular without welding, to the support foot part (16), which is provided at least for bolt mounting of the support (10) in a substrate (52).

17. Support (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that the base plate (50) has a plurality of bolt positioning points (54, 56, 144) for bolts (58, 60) for bolt mounting, wherein all bolt positioning points (54, 56, 144) of the base plate (50) are arranged in a line (62) to a carrier positioning point (64) for mounting the carrier (14) on the base plate (50).

18. Support (10) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the base plate (50) itself is manufactured without welding.

19. Support (10) according to claim 18, characterized in that the base plate (50) is formed only by bent metal parts (66, 68) screwed together.

20. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the carrier (14) is made at least to a large extent by a steel, in particular a carbon steel, preferably with a tensile strength of at least 380 N / mm 2 , is trained.

21. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that the carrier (14) is at least partially formed from a stainless steel.

22. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the carrier (14) is formed at least to a large extent from a wood material, such as acacia wood or larch wood, or from a grass material, such as woody bamboo.

23. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that the carrier (14) is formed at least to a large extent from a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP = Fiber-Reinforced Polymer).

24. Support (10) according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the carrier (14) is formed at least on one surface (70) from a flame-retardant and / or self-extinguishing material or is coated with a flame-retardant and / or self-extinguishing material.

25. Support (10) according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the carrier (14) is formed from a UV-resistant material or coated with a UV-resistant material at least on one surface (70).

26. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 25, characterized by at least one fail-safe element (72) which is provided to maintain a reduced support function in the event of significant damage to the support (14) and / or to ensure a sufficient residual usable height of a protective net structure (12) comprising the support (10).

27. Support (10) according to claim 26, characterized in that the fail-safe element (72) is designed as a flat steel running parallel to a main extension direction (74) of the support (14), which is mounted on the support (14) and / or which is integrated into the support (14).

28. Support (10) according to claim 27, characterized in that the flat steel is formed from a spring steel.

29. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 28, characterized in that the support foot part (16) is made of a steel, in particular a carbon steel, preferably with a tensile strength of at least 380 N / mm 2 , is manufactured.

30. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 29, characterized in that the support foot part (16) has at least one integrated anti-tilt component (76), in particular an integrated superstructure anti-tilt component.

31. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 30, characterized in that the support base part (16) has at least one integrated or mounted centering aid (78) for centering the support base part (16) when mounted on a base plate (50) of the support (10).

32. Support (10) according to one of claims 13 to 31, characterized in that the support head part (18) is made of a steel, in particular a carbon steel, preferably with a tensile strength of at least 380 N / mm 2 , is manufactured.

33. A protective net structure (12), in particular a rockfall protection barrier, debris flow barrier, slope debris flow barrier, avalanche protection barrier or the like, comprising one or more supports (10) according to one of claims 13 to 32 and at least one protective net (80), in particular a high-strength steel wire net, preferably a high-strength steel wire ring net.

34. A method for producing a support (10) according to one of the Claims 13 to 32 via a modular support system according to one of claims 1 to 8, and preferably from a construction kit (42) according to one of claims 9 to 12.

35. Method for producing a support (10) according to claim 23, in particular for a protective net structure (12) according to claim 33, comprising the method steps (82, 84, 90, 92, 94, 166): - Production of a profile rod from a fiber-reinforced plastic by means of pultrusion, in particular as a continuous part, - cutting the profile bar to length, in particular to an individually required length, to produce the support (14) designed as a profile support, - providing a support head part (18), in particular made of steel, - welding-free fixing of the support head part (18) to the support (14), for example by means of a connecting element, by means of gluing and / or by means of a press fit, - providing a column base part (16), in particular made of steel, - welding-free fixing of the column foot part (16) to the support (14), for example by means of a connecting element, by means of gluing and / or by means of a press fit, and - optionally weld-free fixing of a base plate (50) to the column foot part (16).

Images