Wall for a building

Abstract

Wall (1) for a building, which comprises a wall structure (2) and a panel (3) for the requalification of the wall structure (2). Said panel (3) comprises an insulating layer (4), which is provided with an internal face (5) facing the wall structure (2) and with an opposite external face (6), and a reinforcement (7), provided with a first grid (8), which is placed against the internal face (5), a second grid (11), which is placed against the external face (6), and a plurality of connection bars (14), each of which extends through the insulating layer (4) between a first end (15), projecting with respect to the internal face (5) and to the first grid (8) and fixed to said first grid (8), and a second end (16), fixed to the second grid (11). The first end (15) and the first grid (8) are placed so as to separate the internal face (5) from the wall structure (2), defining an interspace (17) between them. The wall (1) comprises a plurality of tie rods (18), which are connected to the second grid (11), extend through the insulating layer (4), and are inserted in corresponding fixing holes (19) in the wall structure (2). The wall (1) further comprises a bonding layer (20), which covers the external face (6), the second grid (11), the second ends (16), and the tie rods (18). A plurality of through openings (21) is provided, each of which extends through the bonding layer (20) and the insulating layer (4) and communicates with the interspace (17). The through openings (21) comprise at least one lower through opening (21') and one upper through opening (21") to enable air recirculation within the interspace (17).

Description

Field of application

[0001] The present invention relates to a wall for a building, which in particular is requalified from an energy and seismic point of view.

[0002] The wall for a building according to the present invention finds advantageous application in the field of the production of claddings for the thermal insulation of existing buildings which need to undergo energy and seismic requalification.

[0003] The present wall for a building thus more generally falls within the technical field of building materials.State of the art

[0004] Thermal claddings for the energy requalification of existing buildings have long been known, comprising a layer of insulating material, a reinforcement for said internal layer, and an external plaster coating layer that covers the external face of the layer of insulating material.

[0005] More in detail, the reinforcement is formed at least by an internal grid, which is placed against the internal face of the layer of insulating material and is made of horizontal bars and vertical bars interconnected with each other, by an external grid, which is placed against the external face of the layer of insulating material and is in turn made of horizontal bars and vertical bars interconnected with each other, and by a plurality of stiffening cross-members, which extend through the layer of insulating material and are fixed at their ends, on one side to the internal grid and on the other side to the external grid.

[0006] In particular, both the internal face and the external face of the layer of insulating material are crossed by recessed grooves which house within them the vertical bars and the horizontal bars of the internal grid and of the external grid, so that the internal face of the layer of insulating material is placed directly in abutment against the masonry of the building to be requalified.

[0007] The insulating cladding of the known type briefly described so far has proven, in practice, not to be free from drawbacks.

[0008] The main drawback lies in the fact that such cladding presents issues concerning the healthiness of the indoor environments of the building, as it tends to promote the formation of mould inside the rooms.

[0009] Moreover, a further drawback lies in the fact that the cladding of the known type, with its anchorings to the wall structure, could worsen the earthquake resistance of the building.

[0010] Moreover, since the layer of insulating material is externally covered only by a thin plaster layer and is made of a material with low mechanical strength properties, such as polystyrene, the thermal cladding of the known type proves to be easily damageable, as it is enough that even not particularly high loads are placed on it for the plaster layer and the layer of insulating material to be broken through, thus rendering the thermal cladding useless.Presentation of the invention

[0011] In this situation, the underlying problem of the present invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the known art by providing a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that allows, at the same time, proper aeration of the wall structure on which the panel is installed.

[0012] A further object of the present invention is to provide a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that at the same time improves the earthquake resistance of the building.

[0013] A further object of the present invention is to provide a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that at the same time has high mechanical strength properties.

[0014] A further object of the present invention is to provide a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that at the same time facilitates the installation of heat pump heating and cooling systems.

[0015] A further object of the present invention is to provide a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that is simple and cost-effective to produce.

[0016] A further object of the present invention is to provide a wall for a building which integrates a panel having the function of a thermal cladding that is fully reliable in operation.Brief description of the drawings

[0017] The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the aforesaid objects, are clearly seen in the contents of the below-reported claims and the advantages thereof will be more evident in the following detailed description, made with reference to the enclosed drawings, which represent a merely exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention, in which: Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the stratigraphy of a wall for a building according to the present invention; Figure 2 shows a side sectional view of the wall for a building of Figure 1, in which said section is taken at an upper through opening of a panel of the wall for a building; Figure 3 shows a plan sectional view of the wall for a building of Figure 1; Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a tie rod of the wall for a building of Figure 1. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment

[0018] With reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is indicated as a whole, with the reference number 1, a wall for a building, which comprises a wall structure 2 and at least one panel 3, in particular for the requalification of the wall structure 2 itself, and more specifically for the thermal and seismic requalification of said wall structure 2.

[0019] Obviously, the wall 1 according to the invention may comprise more than one panel 3 depending on the dimensions of the wall structure 2.

[0020] Preferably, each panel 3 has standardized dimensions.

[0021] In particular, the panel 3 has a width substantially equal to 1200 mm and a height substantially equal to 3000 mm.

[0022] The panel 3 of the wall 1 for a building in question comprises an insulating layer 4, which is made of a thermally insulating material and is provided with an internal face 5 directed towards the wall structure 2 and with an external face 6 opposite to the internal face 5.

[0023] For example, the insulating layer 4 is made of polystyrene, in particular sintered expanded polystyrene, which is generally known in the technical jargon of the field by the acronym EPS.

[0024] Advantageously, the insulating layer 4 extends on a reference plane of its own, which is parallel to the wall structure 2.

[0025] For the purpose of providing the panel 3 with good mechanical strength properties, said panel 3 comprises a containment reinforcement 7, which is provided with a first reinforcement grid 8, a second reinforcement grid 11, and a plurality of connection bars 14.

[0026] The first reinforcement grid 8 comprises a plurality of first horizontal bars 9 and a plurality of first vertical bars 10, fixed to the first horizontal bars 9, and is placed against the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4.

[0027] Advantageously, the first horizontal bars 9 and the first vertical bars 10 are made of metallic material.

[0028] For example, the first vertical bars 10 are fixed to the first horizontal bars 9 by welding. More in detail, the first horizontal bars 9 are parallel to each other, and the first vertical bars 10 are parallel to each other and orthogonal to the first horizontal bars 9.

[0029] Preferably, the first horizontal bars 9 extend with an elongated shape along corresponding first horizontal extension directions which are parallel to each other (and even more preferably substantially equally spaced), and the first vertical bars 10 extend with an elongated shape along corresponding first vertical extension directions which are parallel to each other (and even more preferably substantially equally spaced) and orthogonal to the first horizontal extension directions.

[0030] In this way, preferably, the first reinforcement grid 8 extends on a first lying plane thereof, which is in particular parallel to the reference plane of the insulating layer 4. The second reinforcement grid 11 comprises a plurality of second horizontal bars 12 and a plurality of second vertical bars 13, fixed to the second horizontal bars 12, and is placed against the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4.

[0031] Advantageously, the second horizontal bars 12 and the second vertical bars 13 are made of metallic material.

[0032] For example, the second vertical bars 13 are fixed to the second horizontal bars 12 by welding.

[0033] More in detail, the second horizontal bars 12 are parallel to each other, and the second vertical bars 13 are parallel to each other and orthogonal to the second horizontal bars 12.

[0034] Preferably, the second horizontal bars 12 extend with an elongated shape along corresponding second horizontal extension directions which are parallel to each other (and even more preferably substantially equally spaced), and the second vertical bars 13 extend with an elongated shape along corresponding second vertical extension directions which are parallel to each other (and even more preferably substantially equally spaced) and orthogonal to the second horizontal extension directions.

[0035] In this way, preferably, the second reinforcement grid 11 extends on a second plane thereof, which is in particular parallel to the reference plane of the insulating layer 4. Therefore, even more preferably, the first lying plane of the first reinforcement grid 8 and the second lying plane of the second reinforcement grid 11 are parallel to each other.

[0036] Also, the containment reinforcement 7 comprises a plurality of connection bars 14, each of which extends through the insulating layer 4 between a first end 15 thereof, which projects with respect to the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 and to the first reinforcement grid 8 and is fixed to the first reinforcement grid 8 itself, and a second end 16 thereof, which is fixed to the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0037] Advantageously, also the second end 16 of each connection bar 14 projects with respect to the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4.

[0038] Also, the second end 16 of each connection bar 14 preferably projects also with respect to the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0039] Preferably, the connection bars 14 are made of metallic material.

[0040] More in detail, the connection bars 14, by connecting the first and the second reinforcement grids 8, 11, make the containment reinforcement 7 a single body that encloses the insulating layer 4 therein, thereby giving it the ability to bear loads and stresses.

[0041] Preferably, the connection bars 14 are orthogonal with respect to the first horizontal bars 9 and the first vertical bars 10 of the first reinforcement grid 8, and are orthogonal with respect to the second horizontal bars 12 and the second vertical bars 13 of the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0042] In particular, therefore, the connection bars 14 are orthogonal to the first lying plane of the first reinforcement grid 8 and to the second lying plane of the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0043] According to the invention, the first end 15 of the connection bars 14 and the first reinforcement grid 8 are placed to separate the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 from the wall structure 2, defining an interspace 17 between them.

[0044] Advantageously, for the purpose of precisely defining the interspace 17 between the wall structure 2 and the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4, the first ends 15 of the connection bars 14 are placed in abutment against the wall structure 2.

[0045] In this way, therefore, the panel 3 - comprising the containment reinforcement 7 with the connection bars 14 - directly rests against the wall structure 2 by means of the first ends 15 of said connection bars 14.

[0046] More in particular, since the first reinforcement grid 8 is placed against the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 and the first ends 15 of the connection bars 14 project with respect to both said internal face 5 and the first reinforcement grid 8, the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 is spaced at every point from the wall structure 2 by means of the interspace 17, which extends continuously over the entire internal face 5 in order to allow effective air recirculation between the wall structure 2 and the insulating layer 4. In fact, if the first ends 15 of the connection bars 14 did not project with respect to the first reinforcement grid 8, the first reinforcement grid 8 itself would be placed in abutment against the wall structure 2, thereby dividing the space between the wall structure 2 and the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 into a plurality of compartments, each delimited by two adjacent first horizontal bars 9 and two adjacent first vertical bars 10, thus hindering effective air recirculation within the space between the wall structure 2 and the insulating layer 4.

[0047] In addition, the wall 1 for a building in question comprises a plurality of tie rods 18, which are mechanically connected to the second reinforcement grid 11, are extended to traverse the insulating layer 4, and are inserted in corresponding fixing holes 19 obtained in the wall structure 2 in order to anchor the panel 3 to the wall structure 2. Also, the wall 1 in question comprises a bonding layer 20, which covers the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4, the second reinforcement grid 11, the second ends 16 of the connection bars 14, and a portion of the tie rods 18 which projects from the external face 6.

[0048] Advantageously, the bonding layer 20 is made of a hydraulic binder, such as for example cement or a lime-based material.

[0049] Preferably, the bonding layer 20 is made of mortar, which is a lime-based material.

[0050] More in detail, the bonding layer 20, by concealing from view the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4, the tie rods 18 and part of the containment reinforcement 7, forms a planar external surface of the wall 1 for a building in question, which comprises the wall structure 2 and the panel 3 for the requalification of the wall structure 2.

[0051] In addition, the wall 1 according to the invention comprises two or more through openings 21, each of which is extended through the bonding layer 20 and the insulating layer 4 and communicates with the interspace 17.

[0052] Said through openings 21 comprise at least one lower through opening 21' and one upper through opening 21" in order to determine an air recirculation in the interspace 17.

[0053] More in detail, the provision of the interspace 17 and of the through openings 21 makes the indoor environment of the building delimited by the wall 1 in question particularly healthy, allowing air recirculation in the interspace 17 between the insulating layer 4 and the wall structure 2, and thus preventing the formation of mould in the indoor environment, which could compromise the health of the people present in said indoor environment.

[0054] In particular, the provision of the lower through opening 21' and of the upper through opening 21" promotes the formation of an air flow that enters the interspace 17 passing through the lower through opening 21' and exits the interspace 17 passing through the upper through opening 21" (thus substantially producing a chimney effect).

[0055] Obviously, the wall 1 in question may be provided with more than one lower through opening 21' and more than one upper through opening 21".

[0056] In addition, if the wall 1 in question comprises several panels 3 placed side by side at a same wall structure 2, said panels 3 define, together with the wall structure 2, a single continuous interspace 17, which is in particular ventilated by means of the air recirculation generated by the at least one lower opening 21' and the at least one upper opening 21" formed through the bonding layer 20 and the insulating layer 4 of each panel 3.

[0057] More in detail, the panel 3 extends vertically between two opposite edges 30', 30", of which a lower edge 30' intended to face the ground and an upper edge 30" intended to face upwards, and the lower through opening 21' is formed through the bonding layer 20 and the insulating layer 4 adjacent to the lower edge 30', and the upper through opening 21" is formed through the bonding layer 20 and the insulating layer 4 adjacent to the upper edge 30".

[0058] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, for the purpose of making as resistant as possible the containment reinforcement 7 with the insulating layer 4 incorporated therein, the first end 15 of each connection bar 14 is at least partially bent around a respective first vertical bar 10 of the first reinforcement grid 8 and is welded to said first vertical bar 10, and the second end 16 of each connection bar 14 is at least partially bent around a respective second vertical bar 13 of the second reinforcement grid 11 and is welded to said second vertical bar 13.

[0059] More in detail, each first end 15, by being at least partially bent around the corresponding first vertical bar 10, defines a first hook with a concavity facing the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 and containing said first vertical bar 10, and each second end 16, by being at least partially bent around the corresponding second vertical bar 13, defines a second hook with a concavity facing the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and containing said second vertical bar 13.

[0060] Advantageously, the internal face 5 and the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 are both provided with recesses 22 and projections 23 extending vertically and alternating with each other.

[0061] More in detail, therefore, each recess 22 is delimited by two adjacent projections 23, and each projection 23 extends in projection with respect to two adjacent recesses 22. In addition, each recess 22 of the external face 6 corresponds to a projection 23 of the internal face 5, and each recess 22 of the internal face 5 corresponds to a projection 23 of the external face 6.

[0062] In this way, therefore, the distance between the internal face 5 and the external face 6 is preferably substantially constant over the entire extension of the insulating layer 4. In particular, the first reinforcement grid 8 of the containment reinforcement 7 is placed against the projections 23 of the internal face 5, and the second reinforcement grid 11 of the containment reinforcement 7 is placed against the projections 23 of the external face 6.

[0063] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the interspace 17 is provided, at the recesses 22 of the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4, with a first thickness comprised between 3 cm and 4 cm, preferably between 3.2 cm and 3.8 cm, even more preferably substantially equal to 3.5 cm. Also, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the interspace 17 is preferably provided, at the projections 23 of the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4, with a second thickness comprised between 0.6 cm and 1.4 cm, preferably between 0.8 cm and 1.2 cm, even more preferably substantially equal to 1 cm.

[0064] In this way, the recesses 22 give the interspace 17 a first thickness of approximately 3.5 cm, thus allowing good air recirculation, and the projections 23 give the same interspace 17 a second thickness of approximately 1 cm, ensuring that the interspace 17 is continuous over the entire extension of the insulating layer 4. Advantageously, the panel 3 comprises flexible tubes 24, which are placed adjacent to the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and are covered by the bonding layer 20. More in detail, the provision of the flexible tubes 24 placed adjacent to the external face 6 and covered by the bonding layer 20 facilitates the requalification of the building to which the wall 1 according to the invention belongs, allowing easy installation of new heat pump conditioning devices, in particular reversible heat pump conditioning devices.

[0065] In fact, preferably, the flexible tubes 24 are provided with at least a first mouth, which opens on the side of the bonding layer 20, and a second mouth, which opens on the side of the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4.

[0066] In this way, it is sufficient to directly connect the first mouth of the flexible tubes 24 to an external unit of the heat pump conditioning device (containing at least a compressor and a first heat exchange coil), and the second mouth of the flexible tubes 24 to an internal unit of the heat pump conditioning device (for example, a fan coil or split unit containing at least a second heat exchange coil).

[0067] Also, the flexible tubes 24 do not stiffen the panel 3 and are therefore capable of absorbing the stresses caused by a possible earthquake without the risk of being damaged.

[0068] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the flexible tubes 24 are interposed between the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and the second reinforcement grid 11 and are housed in one or more of the recesses 22 of the external face 6.

[0069] In this way, although the flexible tubes 24 are advantageously present, the overall thickness of the wall 1 in question is not increased, since the flexible tubes 24 remain housed within one or more of the recesses 22.

[0070] Advantageously, each tie rod 18 comprises at least a threaded bar 25, which is inserted in a respective fixing hole 19 obtained on the wall structure 2 and traverses the insulating layer 4, projecting with respect to the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4, and an anchorage bracket 26.

[0071] In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the anchorage bracket 26 is advantageously provided with a central portion 27, which is traversed by the threaded bar 25, and with two lateral wings 28, each of which is extended starting from the central portion 27 and is at least partially bent around a respective second vertical bar 13 of the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0072] Preferably, each lateral wing 28 of the anchorage bracket 26, by being at least partially bent around the corresponding second vertical bar 13, defines a corresponding third hook with a concavity facing the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and containing said second vertical bar 13.

[0073] Also, each tie rod 18 is advantageously provided with a locking nut 29, which is screwed on the threaded bar 25 and is placed against the central portion 27 of the anchorage bracket 26.

[0074] In this way, by screwing the locking nut 29 onto the threaded bar 25 inserted in a corresponding fixing hole 19 in the wall structure 2, the anchorage bracket 26 is pushed toward the same wall structure 2 and pulls the panel 3 toward it by acting on the second vertical bars 13 through the lateral wings 28, in such a way that the first ends 15 of the connection bars 14 come into abutment against the wall structure 2, thereby defining the interspace 17 and at the same time keeping the panel 3 firmly in position.

[0075] In addition, the provision of the lateral wings 28 of the anchorage bracket 26 at least partially wrapped around the second vertical bars 13 gives the wall 1 according to the invention good earthquake resistance properties.

[0076] In fact, the containment reinforcement 7 both gives the panel 3 integrated in the wall 1 in question good load-bearing properties, and tends to flex (as it comprises connection bars 14 advantageously made of metallic material and a first and a second reinforcement grid 8, 11 comprising components in turn advantageously made of metallic material with an elongated shape) in the event of an earthquake so as to absorb the stresses caused by the latter, and the lateral wings 28 of the anchorage bracket 26 of the tie rods 18, although they pull the panel 3 toward the wall structure 2, do not prevent the flexing of the second vertical bars 13 of the second reinforcement grid 11 of said containment reinforcement 7.

[0077] Advantageously, the anchorage bracket 26 of each said tie rod 18 is placed at a recess 22 of the external face 6.

[0078] In this way, the anchorage bracket 26 of each tie rod 18 projects with respect to the second reinforcement grid 11 only with the portion of the lateral wings 28 that wraps at least partially around the second vertical bars 13, without substantially increasing the overall thickness of the panel 3.

[0079] In addition, each tie rod 18 advantageously comprises a chemical anchor, so as to ensure adequate anchoring to the wall structure 2.

[0080] For example, the chemical anchor is made by inserting an adhesive material inside the fixing holes 19 and inserting part of the threaded bar 25 into the same fixing holes 19, so that the adhesive material completely fills the interspace between the threaded bar 25 and the portion of the wall structure 2 that delimits the fixing hole 19 and hardens to lock the threaded bar 25 in said fixing hole 19.

[0081] In accordance with a second independent aspect of the present invention, a wall 1 for a building is provided, similar to the one described so far, which omits the interspace 17 and the through openings 21 (which are therefore optional features of this second independent aspect) and comprises the flexible tubes 24 as a necessary feature (instead of optional).

[0082] The wall 1 for a building according to the second independent aspect may optionally comprise all the features of the preferred embodiment described above, without them having to be repeated here with reference to the wall 1 for a building according to the second independent aspect, for the sake of brevity.

[0083] The wall 1 for a building, in accordance with said second independent aspect, comprises a wall structure 2 and at least one panel 3, in particular for the requalification of the wall structure 2, which comprises an insulating layer 4 and a containment reinforcement 7. The insulating layer 4 is made of a thermally insulating material and is provided with an internal face 5 directed towards the wall structure 2 and with an external face 6 opposite to the internal face 5.

[0084] Also, the containment reinforcement 7 is provided with a first reinforcement grid 8, a second reinforcement grid 11, and a plurality of connection bars 14.

[0085] The first reinforcement grid 8 comprises a plurality of first horizontal bars 9 and a plurality of first vertical bars 10, fixed to the first horizontal bars 9, and is placed against the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4.

[0086] The second reinforcement grid 11 comprises a plurality of second horizontal bars 12 and a plurality of second vertical bars 13, fixed to the second horizontal bars 12, and is placed against the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4.

[0087] In addition, each of the connection bars 14 is extended through the insulating layer 4 between a first end 15 thereof, which is fixed to the first reinforcement grid 8, and a second end 16 thereof, which is fixed to the second reinforcement grid 11.

[0088] In accordance with said second independent aspect, the first end 15 may optionally project with respect to the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 and with respect to the first reinforcement grid 8.

[0089] Likewise, in accordance with said second independent aspect, the first end 15 of the connection bars 14 and the first reinforcement grid 8 may optionally be placed so as to separate the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4 from the wall structure 2, thereby defining an interspace 17 between them.

[0090] In accordance with the second independent aspect, therefore, the first reinforcement grid 8 may be placed directly against the wall structure 2, without the interspace 17 being defined between the wall structure 2 and the internal face 5 of the insulating layer 4, or it may be separated from the wall structure 2, thereby defining the interspace 17.

[0091] In addition, the wall 1, in accordance with the second independent aspect, comprises a plurality of tie rods 18, which are mechanically connected to the second reinforcement grid 11, are extended through the insulating layer 4, and are inserted in corresponding fixing holes 19 obtained on the wall structure 2 in order to anchor the panel 3 to the wall structure 2.

[0092] Also, the wall 1 comprises a bonding layer 20, which covers the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4, the second reinforcement grid 11, the second ends 16 of the connection bars 14, and a portion of the tie rods 18 that projects from the external face 6.

[0093] Since, in accordance with said second independent aspect, the interspace 17 is an optional feature, the wall 1 may optionally comprise two or more through openings 21, each of which is extended through the bonding layer 20 and the insulating layer 4 and communicates with the interspace 17, and moreover, said through openings 21 optionally comprise at least one lower through opening 21' and one upper through opening 21" in order to determine an air recirculation in the interspace 17.

[0094] In addition, in accordance with the second independent aspect of the invention, the panel 3 comprises flexible tubes 24, which are placed adjacent to the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and are covered by the bonding layer 20.

[0095] In particular, said flexible tubes 24 are interposed between the external face 6 of the insulating layer 4 and the second reinforcement grid 11 and are housed in one or more of the recesses 22 of the external face 6.

[0096] The invention thus conceived therefore achieves the intended objects.

Claims

1. Wall (1) for a building, which is characterized in that it comprises: - a wall structure (2); - at least one panel (3), in particular for the requalification of said wall structure (2), which comprises: - an insulating layer (4), which is made of a thermally insulating material and is provided with an internal face (5) directed towards said wall structure (2) and with an external face (6) opposite said internal face (5); - a containment reinforcement (7), which is provided with: - a first reinforcement grid (8), which comprises a plurality of first horizontal bars (9) and a plurality of first vertical bars (10) fixed to said first horizontal bars (9) and is placed against the internal face (5) of said insulating layer (4); - a second reinforcement grid (11), which comprises a plurality of second horizontal bars (12) and a plurality of second vertical bars (13) fixed to said second horizontal bars (12) and is placed against the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4); - a plurality of connection bars (14), each of which is extended to transverse said insulating layer (4) between a first end (15) thereof, which projects with respect to the internal face (5) of said insulating layer (4) and to said first reinforcement grid (8) and is fixed to said first reinforcement grid (8), and a second end (16) thereof, which is fixed to said second reinforcement grid (11); the first end (15) of said connection bars (14) and said first reinforcement grid (8) being placed to separate the internal face (5) of said insulating layer (4) from said wall structure (2), defining an interspace (17) between them; - a plurality of tie rods (18), which are mechanically connected to said second reinforcement grid (11), are extended to traverse said insulating layer (4) and are inserted in corresponding fixing holes (19) obtained on said wall structure (2) in order to anchor said panel (3) to said wall structure (2); - a bonding layer (20), which covers the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4), said second reinforcement grid (11), the second ends (16) of said connection bars (14) and a portion of said tie rods (18) which projects from said external face (6); - two or more through openings (21), each of which is extended through said bonding layer (20) and said insulating layer (4) and communicates with said interspace (17); said through openings (21) comprising at least one lower through opening (21') and one upper through opening (21") in order to determine an air recirculation in said interspace (17).

2. Wall (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first end (15) of each said connection bar (14) is at least partially bent around a respective first vertical bar (10) of said first reinforcement grid (8) and is welded to said first vertical bar (10) and the second end (16) of each said connection bar (14) is at least partially bent around a respective second vertical bar (13) of said second reinforcement grid (11) and is welded to said second vertical bar (13).

3. Wall (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the internal face (5) and the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4) are both provided with recesses (22) and with projections (23) extended vertically and alternated with each other; each recess (22) of said external face (6) corresponding to a projection (23) of said internal face (5) and each recess (22) of said internal face (5) corresponding to a projection (23) of said external face (6); the first reinforcement grid (8) of said containment reinforcement (7) being placed against the projections (23) of said internal face (5) and the second reinforcement grid (11) of said containment reinforcement (7) being placed against the projections (23) of said external face (6).

4. Wall (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said interspace (17) is provided, at the recesses (22) of the internal face (5) of said insulating layer (4), with a first thickness comprised between 3 cm and 4 cm, preferably between 3.2 cm and 3.8 cm, still more preferably substantially equal to 3.5 cm.

5. Wall (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said interspace (17) is provided, at the projections (23) of the internal face (5) of said insulating layer (4), with a second thickness comprised between 0.6 cm and 1.4 cm, preferably between 0.8 cm and 1.2 cm, still more preferably substantially equal to 1 cm.

6. Wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said panel (3) comprises flexible tubes (24), which are placed adjacent to the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4) and are covered by said bonding layer (20).

7. Wall (1) according to claim 3 and 6, characterized in that said flexible tubes (24) are interposed between the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4) and said second reinforcement grid (11) and are housed in one or more of the recesses (22) of said external face (6).

8. Wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each said tie rod (18) comprises at least: - a threaded bar (25), which is inserted in a respective said fixing hole (19) obtained on the wall structure (2) and traverses said insulating layer (4) projecting with respect to the external face (6) of said insulating layer (4); - an anchorage bracket (26), which is provided with: - a central portion (27), which is traversed by said threaded bar (25); - two lateral wings (28), each of which is extended starting from said central portion (27) and is at least partially bent around a respective second vertical bar (13) of said second reinforcement grid (11); - a locking nut (29), which is screwed on said threaded bar (25) and is placed against the central portion (27) of said anchorage bracket (26).

9. Wall (1) according to claim 3 and 8, characterized in that the anchorage bracket (26) of each said tie rod (18) is placed at a recess (22) of said external face (6).

10. Wall (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each said tie rod (18) comprises a chemical anchor.

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