Device, method and computer program for controlling a voltage source

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for controlling a voltage source (11), characterized in that the device comprises a device (22) for determining an energy reserve of the voltage source (11), a control device (31) for calculating a second frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source (11), and for providing a setpoint (Cf) of a determined frequency (f), equal to the second frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11). Figure for the abstract: Figure 2A

Description

Title of the invention: Device, method and computer program for controlling a voltage source

[0001] The invention relates to a device for controlling at least one voltage source, as well as a method and a computer program for this control.

[0002] The field of the invention relates to that of small electrical networks or micronetworks, called in English "microgrids".

[0003] These networks are electrical power consumption networks and must be able to be connected to the voltage source to supply power-consuming equipment.

[0004] It is known that in these electrical networks, the voltage and frequency are imposed by a voltage source. In this type of network, the voltage source may be interfaced with the network via an inverter (power electronics), directly (synchronous machine), or via other equipment.

[0005] In a microgrid, there are loads and there may be means of production (renewable and / or intermittent energy sources, such as a wind turbine or a photovoltaic panel).

[0006] One objective is to improve the continuity of electricity supply to the electrical power consumption network.

[0007] In microgrids, certain mechanisms make it possible to improve the continuity of supply: energy reserves (for example: electrochemical storage) and production capping.

[0008] Furthermore, in large conventional electricity transmission and distribution networks, EOD can be ensured by primary, secondary or tertiary reserves (which can be mobilized automatically or manually with distinct response times), diffuse load shedding, aggregated by a load shedding operator and managed centrally, and as a last resort: interruptibility contracts (activated by frequency), High Voltage A feeder shedding (activated by frequency), producer decoupling (activated by frequency) and production capping via frequency.

[0009] In particular, diffuse load shedding, as currently implemented, has the following drawbacks. It requires the establishment of a telecommunications link between the network operator or the load shedding service provider and the load to be shed. It operates only in an all-or-nothing manner.

[0010] An objective of the invention is to obtain a device for controlling the voltage source, as well as a method and a computer program for this control, which address the disadvantages mentioned above and improve the continuity of supply to a micronetwork.

[0011] To this end, a first object of the invention is a device for controlling at least one voltage source, which is connected to an electrical power delivery point itself connected to an electrical power consumption network, the voltage source transforming energy present at at least one input of the voltage source into an alternating electrical voltage having a determined frequency at at least one output of the voltage source, connected to the electrical power delivery point, characterized in that the device comprises a first device for determining a power measured at the output of the voltage source -ci, and / or a second device for determining an energy reserve of the voltage source, a control device, configured to calculate a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power injected on the output of the voltage source, and / or to calculate a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source, and to provide a setpoint of determined frequency, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the smaller of the first and second frequencies, to the voltage source.

[0012] The invention thus allows, for the voltage source of a microgrid, the control of loads via frequency modulation when needed. The invention makes it possible to reduce power consumption by decreasing the frequency. The invention makes it possible to program the voltage source so that its frequency reflects its power consumption level and the state of its energy reserve, via two functions: the first frequency depends on the power, and the second frequency depends on the energy reserve. The invention makes it possible to limit the load on the voltage source.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is at least partially decreasing as a function of the power injected on the output of the voltage source.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency being equal to the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source is less than a first prescribed power value, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source is greater than the first prescribed power value.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source is greater than the first prescribed power value and is less than a second prescribed power value, itself greater than the first prescribed power value.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a second prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source is greater than the second prescribed power value.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed frequency plateau is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency and the second prescribed frequency plateau.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed instruction giving the first frequency is in steps of a staircase.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency has a jump between the prescribed nominal frequency and a first prescribed frequency value lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source becomes greater than a first prescribed power value.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency is equal to a second prescribed frequency value lower than the first prescribed frequency value, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source grows above a second prescribed power value greater than the first prescribed power value.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency decreases according to an affine function having a finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the power injected on the output of the voltage source increases above the first prescribed power value and is less than the second prescribed power value.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the invention, when the power injected at the output of the voltage source decreases below an intermediate power value, which is greater than the first prescribed power value and less than the second prescribed power value and which corresponds to an intermediate value frequency, and becomes equal to a prescribed lower power threshold lower than the first prescribed power value in a period shorter than a prescribed holding time, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency being held equal to the intermediate frequency value, and when the power injected at the output of the voltage source decreases below the intermediate power value and remains above the prescribed lower power threshold and less than or equal to the first prescribed power value after the prescribed holding time, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency increases from the intermediate frequency value to the prescribed nominal frequency.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is at least partially increasing as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is greater than a first prescribed value of energy reserve, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is less than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is less than the first prescribed value of energy reserve.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is less than the first prescribed energy reserve value and is greater than a second prescribed energy reserve value, itself less than the first prescribed energy reserve value.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is equal to a second frequency plateau, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is less than the second prescribed value of energy reserve.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first prescribed frequency plateau is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency and the second prescribed frequency plateau.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed instruction giving the second frequency is in steps.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the second prescribed setting giving the second frequency presents a jump between the prescribed nominal frequency and a first prescribed frequency value, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source becomes lower than a first prescribed energy reserve value.

[0030] According to an embodiment of the invention, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency decreases according to a first prescribed affine function, which is decreasing with a first finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the energy reserve of the voltage source decreases below a second prescribed value of energy reserve and is above a prescribed threshold of energy reserve, below the second prescribed value of energy reserve, the first prescribed affine function being equal to the first prescribed value of frequency, when the energy reserve of the voltage source is equal to the second prescribed value of energy reserve.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, when the energy reserve of the voltage source increases above an intermediate energy reserve value, which is greater than or equal to the prescribed energy reserve threshold and less than or equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value and which corresponds to an intermediate frequency value, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value, until the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency reaches a third energy reserve value given by a second prescribed affine function, the second prescribed affine function being increasing by having a second finite, non-zero, increasing slope prescribed according to the increasing energy reserve of the voltage source, the second prescribed affine function being equal to the first prescribed frequency value,when the energy reserve of the voltage source is equal to the first prescribed energy reserve value, when the energy reserve of the voltage source increases above the third energy reserve value up to the first prescribed energy reserve value, the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency increases according to the second prescribed affine function, the first prescribed affine function and the second prescribed affine function being made greater than or equal to a second frequency value lower than the prescribed nominal frequency and / or the first prescribed frequency value.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a device for controlling the electrical consumption of at least one consuming piece of equipment, which is connected to the electrical power consumption network, characterized in that the electrical consumption control device comprises a device for determining the frequency of an electrical voltage present at the point of delivery of electrical power, a control device, configured to cause a reduction of a percentage of an electrical power available to at least one consuming equipment according to a prescribed setpoint giving the percentage as a function of the frequency.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed instruction giving the percentage of reduction of the electrical power available for at least one consumer equipment is at least partially decreasing as a function of frequency.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of shedding of the electrical power available for at least one consuming equipment is at a low percentage plateau when the frequency is greater than or equal to the prescribed nominal frequency.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of electrical power available for at least one consuming equipment is at a low percentage plateau when the frequency is greater than or equal to a first frequency threshold lower than the prescribed nominal frequency.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical power consumption network has a prescribed nominal frequency, the percentage of electrical power available for at least one consuming equipment is at a high percentage plateau when the frequency is less than or equal to a second frequency threshold lower than the prescribed nominal frequency.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second frequency threshold is lower than the first frequency threshold, the high percentage plateau is higher than the low percentage plateau.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the invention, the second frequency threshold is equal to the first frequency threshold.

[0039] According to one embodiment of the invention, the percentage of reduction of the electrical power available for at least one consumer equipment is in steps.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the invention, the percentage of reduction of the electrical power available for at least one consumer equipment is equal to a prescribed intermediate threshold of percentage, higher than the low plateau of percentage and lower than the high plateau of percentage, between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed intermediate percentage threshold between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold is equal to 50%.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the invention, the percentage of removal of the electrical power available for at least one consumer equipment is a decreasing affine function having a finite, determined and non-zero slope between the second frequency threshold and the first frequency threshold.

[0043] According to one embodiment of the invention, the lower percentage plateau is at 0%.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the invention, the high percentage plateau is at 100%.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises an actuator associated with each consumer equipment and / or integrated into each consumer equipment.

[0046] According to one embodiment of the invention, the actuator is chosen from a controllable circuit opening and closing device, a means of controlling the equipment in on / off mode, a contactor, a circuit breaker, a power modulation device, an electronic power variator.

[0047] According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device comprises a controller associated with an electricity consumption meter and / or integrated into the electricity consumption meter, the electricity consumption meter being electrically connected to each consuming equipment and being located away from each consuming equipment, the actuator being located away from the controller and being controlled by the controller via a telecommunications link.

[0048] According to one embodiment of the invention, the device for determining the frequency of the electrical voltage is associated with the electrical consumption meter and / or integrated into the electrical consumption meter.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the invention, the prescribed setpoint giving the percentage of electrical power available for at least one consuming equipment as a function of frequency is programmable.

[0050] A second object of the invention is a method for controlling at least one voltage source, which is connected to an electrical power delivery point itself connected to an electrical power consumption network, a method in which a voltage source transforms energy supplied to at least one input of the voltage source into an alternating electrical voltage having a determined frequency on at least one output of the voltage source, connected to the electrical power delivery point, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: determination, by a first determining device, of a power measured on the output of the voltage source, determination, by a second determining device, of an energy reserve of the voltage source, calculation, by a control device, of a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power measured on the output of the voltage source, and / or of a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source, supply, by the control device, of a setpoint of determined frequency, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the smaller of the first frequency and the second frequency, to the voltage source.

[0051] According to an embodiment of the invention, for controlling the electrical consumption of at least one consuming equipment, which is connected to the electrical power consumption network, the method comprises the following steps: determination of the frequency of an electrical voltage present at the point of electrical power delivery, by a determination device, erasure, by a control device, of a percentage of an electrical power available for at least one consuming equipment according to a prescribed setpoint giving the percentage as a function of the frequency.

[0052] A third object of the invention is a computer program for implementing the method of controlling at least one voltage source as described above, comprising code instructions for implementing the following steps, when the program is executed by a computer: calculation, by a control device, of a first frequency according to a first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency as a function of the power measured on the output of the voltage source, and / or of a second frequency according to a second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency as a function of the energy reserve of the voltage source, supplying, by the control device, a setpoint of determined frequency, equal to the first frequency, or equal to the second frequency, or equal to the smaller of the first and second frequencies, to the voltage source.

[0053] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example with reference to the figures below of the attached drawings.

[0054] [Fig.1A] represents a schematic view of an installation in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

[0055] [Fig.1B] represents a schematic view of an installation in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

[0056] [Fig.2A] represents a schematic view of the control device according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0057] [Fig.2B] represents a schematic view of the control device according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0058] [Fig.3] represents a graph of a first frequency instruction on the ordinate axis, dependent on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a first embodiment.

[0059] [Fig.4] represents a graph of a second frequency setpoint on the ordinate axis, dependent on the energy reserve of an inverter in abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a second embodiment.

[0060] [Fig.5] represents a graph of a first frequency instruction on the ordinate axis, dependent on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a third embodiment.

[0061] [Fig.6] represents a graph of a first frequency instruction on the ordinate axis, dependent on the power injected by an inverter on the abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to the third embodiment.

[0062] [Fig.7] represents an organizational chart of the control system, of the control process and the computer program according to the invention, according to the third embodiment.

[0063] [Fig.8] represents a graph of a second frequency setpoint on the ordinate axis, dependent on the energy reserve of an inverter in abscissa, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to a fourth embodiment.

[0064] [Fig.9] represents a flowchart of a control method according to the invention.

[0065] [Fig. 10] represents a schematic view of an electrical network, in which the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention are implemented.

[0066] [Fig. 11] represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for the removal of available electrical power from a consumer equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to one embodiment.

[0067] [Fig. 12] represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for the removal of available electrical power from a consumer equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another embodiment.

[0068] [Fig. 13] represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for the removal of available electrical power from a consumer equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another embodiment.

[0069] [Fig. 14] represents a graph of a percentage setpoint for the removal of available electrical power from a consumer equipment, used by the control device, the control method and the computer program according to the invention, according to another embodiment.

[0070] [Fig. 15] shows a flowchart of a control method according to the invention.

[0071] Device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11

[0072] In Figures IA and IB, an electrical installation IE comprises a power consumption network RD, to which one or more electrically consuming devices EQC may be connected. The RD network may be, or include, a domestic network in a single-family dwelling H, for example. The power consumption network RD has a prescribed nominal frequency fn. The power consumption network RD may include an electricity meter and a circuit breaker. The RD network is connected to a power delivery point (PDL). The power delivery point (PDL) may be connected to a main electricity transmission and distribution network RP, which supplies electricity to multiple power delivery points (PDLs).The main electricity transmission and distribution network (RP) extends over a large territory and is supplied with electricity from remote centralized generation sources (DP) (e.g., power plants, such as nuclear, hydroelectric, or other), and may also include remote distributed generation sources (e.g., wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, or others). The prescribed nominal frequency (fn) varies by country and is generally set by the operator of the main electricity transmission and distribution network (RP). For example, the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) is 50 Hz in France and is guaranteed to an accuracy of plus or minus 1%, but may differ from 50 Hz in other countries.

[0073] When the RD power consumption network is not connected by its power delivery point to the main RP electricity transmission and distribution network, which is represented by the disconnection X of an element provided between them, the power delivery point can be connected to one (or more) voltage source 11, which supplies electricity to the RD network, the RD power consumption network being islanded by its power delivery point with the voltage source 11.

[0074] In this islanding scenario, the system formed by the voltage source 11 and the power consumption network RD constitutes a microgrid MG. The microgrid MG is individual to the power delivery point (PDL). The microgrid MG is therefore individual to the power consumption equipment EQC of the local power consumption network RD. The power consumption equipment EQC can include any electrical appliance connected to the network RD, such as an electric motor, a water heater, a radiator for heating a room in the house, an electric vehicle, an electric vehicle charging station, or other similar devices.

[0075] Examples of a device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 according to the invention are described below, with reference to figures IA, IB, 2A and 2B.

[0076] The voltage source 11 is suitable for connection to the power delivery point (PDL). The voltage source 11 is configured to transform energy supplied by a power reserve device B to one (or more) input(s) 12 of the voltage source 11 into an alternating electrical voltage having a determined frequency f and a determined voltage V at one (or more) output(s) 13 of the voltage source 11, when the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is connected to the power delivery point (PDL). The output 13 has at least two output conductors. The output 13 has at least one or more phases and may have three phases and a neutral. The voltage source 11 may be a programmable logic controller (PLC).

[0077] The voltage source 11 may have only one input 12 and only one output 13.

[0078] In a first example, the voltage source 11 may include as Energy reserve equipment B includes one (or more) electrolytic power conversion module B, such as, for example, one (or more) power conversion battery B, providing a direct current voltage, in which case the energy reserve R is a state of charge of the battery B or the module B. A battery B is considered to be a bidirectional converter of chemical energy into electrical energy. In this case, the voltage source 11 includes an inverter 14 that transforms the direct current voltage supplied by the electrolytic power conversion module B or the battery B at the input 12 of the inverter 14 into a alternating electrical voltage having the frequency f determined on the output 13 of the inverter 14, connected to the PDL point of electrical power delivery.

[0079] In a second example, the voltage source 11 may be or include one (or more) Diesel generator sets using fuel combustion, in which case the energy reserve equipment B is a fuel reserve.

[0080] In a third example, the voltage source 11 may be or include one (or more) hydrogen fuel cell, in which case the energy storage equipment B is a hydrogen storage tank.

[0081] The voltage source 11 may be other than these examples.

[0082] The control device 1, the voltage source 11 and the backup equipment B energy can be grouped in the same housing 2.

[0083] The RD network can also include power generation when the energy reserve equipment B can operate bidirectionally in the first example above.

[0084] The device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 includes a first device 21 for determining a power P injected by the voltage source 11 onto its output 13 towards the PDL point for delivering electrical power.The first determining device 21 may be or include one (or more) sensors for measuring the voltage injected by the voltage source 11 at the output 13 (for example, one per phase in the case of multiple phases), one (or more) sensors for measuring the current injected by the voltage source 11 (for example, one per phase in the case of multiple phases), and one (or more) calculators for calculating the power P injected by the voltage source 11 at the output 13 from the measured voltage and the measured current (for example, in the case of multiple phases, the sum of the phase powers, each calculated from the measured voltage of each phase and the measured current of each phase). The first determining device 21 may be part of an AGP controller for managing the power P injected by the voltage source 11 at the output 13.The power P injected into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 depends on the energy consumption of the EQC consumer equipment on the RD electrical power consumption network. The power P injected by the voltage source 11 into the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is equal to the difference between the power consumed Pconso consumed by the EQC consumer equipment on the RD electrical power consumption network and the power Pprod produced by any other production sources DP connected to the RD network, according to the following equation: . P — P - PAA conso A prod*

[0085] We consider P > 0.

[0086] The power P injected by the voltage source 11 onto the output 13 of the voltage source 11 therefore reflects the difference between production and consumption.

[0087] The device 1 for controlling the voltage source 11 includes a second device 22 for determining an energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B or of the voltage source 11. The second determining device 22 may be or include one (or more) sensors for measuring the energy reserve R of the equipment B or of the voltage source 11 and / or one (or more) calculators for calculating the energy reserve R of the equipment B or of the voltage source 11. The second determining device 22 may be part of an AGR controller for managing the energy reserve R of the equipment B or of the voltage source 11. First setpoint f(P) and second setpoint f(R)

[0088] The voltage source 11 control device includes a control device 31, configured to calculate a first frequency f(P) according to a first prescribed setpoint based on the injected power P, according to a first possibility. The control device 31 is also configured to calculate a second frequency f(R) according to a second prescribed setpoint based on the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B, according to a second possibility. The control device 31 is configured to provide the voltage source 11 with a setpoint Cf of a determined frequency f, which is equal to the first frequency f(P) when only the first possibility is foreseen, or which is equal to the second frequency f(R) when only the second possibility is foreseen, or which is equal to the smaller of the first frequency f(P) and the second frequency f(R) when both the first and second possibilities are foreseen.The voltage source 11 then imposes the frequency f equal to this frequency setpoint Cf on its output 13. The control device 31 may be or include one (or more) controller and / or one (or more) microcontroller, one (or more) processor and / or one (or more) microprocessors and / or one (or more) calculator and / or one (or more) computer and / or may include one or more computer programs. The determined frequency setpoint Cf allows for the capping of the electricity consumption of the EQC equipment, extending the lifespan of the control system and improving the continuity of supply.

[0089] In the embodiments described below, the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency f(P), M1, A1 is at least partially decreasing as a function of the power P injected on the output 13 of the converter 11, and the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency f(R), M2, A2 is at least partially increasing as a function of the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 or of the energy reserve equipment B.

[0090] At least partially decreasing means comprising one or more entirely decreasing part(s) and which may or may not comprise one or more constant level(s), but not comprising increasing parts.

[0091] At least partially increasing means comprising one or more fully increasing part(s) and which may or may not comprise one or more constant level(s), but not comprising any decreasing parts.

[0092] Preferably, the first embodiment of the first prescribed instruction f(P), M1 is combined with the second embodiment of the second prescribed instruction f(R), M2. Of course, in other cases, the first embodiment of the first prescribed instruction f(P), M1 could be combined with the fourth embodiment of the second prescribed instruction f(R), A2.

[0093] Preferably, the third embodiment of the first prescribed instruction f(P), Al is combined with the fourth embodiment of the second prescribed instruction f(R), A2. Of course, in other cases, the third embodiment of the first prescribed instruction f(P), Al could be combined with the second embodiment of the second prescribed instruction f(R), M2. First instruction f(P), Ml

[0094] The first embodiment of the first prescribed instruction giving the first frequency f(P), Ml is described below with reference to [Fig.3].

[0095] The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml is equal to the constant prescribed nominal frequency fn (frequency plateau fn) when the power P injected at the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is less than a first prescribed power value PI. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml is less than the prescribed nominal frequency fn when the power P injected at the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the first prescribed power value PI.

[0096] The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M1 is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau fl, when the power P injected at the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the first prescribed power value PI and less than a second prescribed power value P2, itself greater than the first prescribed power value PI. The first prescribed frequency plateau fl is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

[0097] The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml is equal to a second prescribed frequency plateau f2, lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau fl, when the power P injected onto the output 13 of the voltage source 11 is greater than the second prescribed power value P2. The second prescribed frequency plateau f2 is lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau fl.

[0098] The three frequency plates fn, fl and f2 allow simple three-state load regulation.

[0099] The first prescribed frequency plateau fl can be at 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2, as for example in figures 3 and 4, or otherwise.

[0100] In the first embodiment of [Fig. 3], the first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml giving the first frequency is stepped. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml has a step SI between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the first prescribed frequency plateau fl. In addition to the first step SI, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), Ml giving the first frequency has another step SI' between the first prescribed frequency plateau fl and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2. First instruction f(P), Al

[0101] The third embodiment giving the first frequency f(P), Al is described below with reference to [Fig.5] and 6.

[0102] The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Al has a jump SI between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and a first prescribed value fl of frequency lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the power P injected on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 becomes greater than a first prescribed value PI of power.

[0103] The first prescribed setpoint f(P), Al is equal to a second prescribed value f2 of frequency lower than the first prescribed value fl of frequency, when the power P injected on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 grows above a second prescribed value P2 of power greater than the first prescribed value PI of power.

[0104] In the third embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), Al giving the first frequency decreases according to a decreasing affine function D having a finite, non-zero and prescribed slope, when the power P injected on the output 13 of the voltage source 11 increases above the first prescribed value PI of power and is less than the second prescribed value P2 of power greater than the first prescribed value PI of power.

[0105] In the third embodiment, the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), Al, operates in a hysteresis-type manner, the characteristics of which are described below with reference to Figures 5, 6, and 7. Figure 5 represents a scenario with instants t1, t2, t3, t4 of increasing power P until instant t2, then decreasing power P until a threshold PO or below the threshold PO. Figure 6 represents another scenario with instants t1, t2, t3, t4 of increasing power P until instant t2, then decreasing power P after a holding time TM. The holding time TM is a time delay to maintain the first setpoint f(P) of frequency at its previous value at a minimum.

[0106] It is assumed that at time t1, the power P is above the prescribed lower power threshold PO (this prescribed lower power threshold PO being less than the first prescribed power value PI) and below the first prescribed power value PI, such that the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), Al is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn at this time t1. Then, from time t1 to time t2, the power P injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 increases to an intermediate power value Pi, which is greater than the first prescribed power value PI and less than the second power value P2, and for which the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), Al has an intermediate frequency value f(t2) greater than or equal to the second prescribed frequency value f2 and less than or equal to the first prescribed frequency value fl at this time t2.This intermediate frequency value f(t2) is determined by the first setpoint f(Pi) for the intermediate power value Pi at time t2, for example along the decreasing line D of the setpoint Al of the first frequency f(P).

[0107] When, in the case illustrated in [Fig. 5], from time t2 the power P injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 decreases below the intermediate power value Pi (time t3 after time t2) and then becomes (time t4 after time t3) equal to the prescribed lower power threshold PO in a duration t4-t2 less than the prescribed duration TM of maintenance since time t2 (we therefore have t3-t2 <TM et t4-t2<TM), la première consigne prescrite f(P) donnant la première fréquence f(P), Al est maintenue égale à la valeur intermédiaire f(t2) de fréquence (étape E12 de la [Fig.7]).

[0108] When, in the case illustrated in [Fig. 6], from time t2 the power P injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 decreases below the intermediate power value Pi (time t3 subsequent to time t2) and remains above, below, or equal to the prescribed lower power threshold PO and below or equal to the first prescribed power value PI at time t3 after the prescribed holding time TM from time t2 (therefore t3-t2=TM), the first prescribed setpoint f(P) giving the first frequency f(P), Al increases from the intermediate frequency value f(t2)=f(t3) to the prescribed nominal frequency fn at time t4. The threshold PO corresponds to a power value below which the first setpoint f(P) is inactive.

[0109] The operation of this third embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 for the first prescribed setpoint of the first frequency f(P), Al is illustrated in [Fig.7] and is described below.

[0110] After the initial step E10, the control device 31, during step El1, compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected at time t onto the output 13 of the voltage source 11 to the prescribed lower power threshold PO, to determine if this instantaneous power P(t) is greater than the threshold PO. If the negative value is found in step Eli, that is to say- In step E12, when P(t) is not greater than PO, the control device 31 sets the first frequency f(P) equal to f(t) = fn, corresponding to times t1 and t4 in [Fig. 5]. In [Fig. 7], f(t) denotes the first setpoint f(P) at time t. If this is the case at step E1, i.e., when P(t) is greater than PO, the control device 31 performs step E13. Successive times are designated by t-2, t-1, and t and are, for example, separated by the same prescribed time step. The control device 31 may include a time counter CPT, counting the number of time steps elapsed since time t2.

[0111] At step E13, the control device 31 compares to zero the difference P(t-1)-P(t-2) between the instantaneous power P(tl) injected onto the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t-1 and the instantaneous power P(t-2) injected onto the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t-2, and compares to zero the difference P(t)-P(t-1) between the instantaneous power P(t) injected onto the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t and the instantaneous power P(tl) injected onto the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t-1, to determine if both P(tl)-P(t-2)>0 and if P(t)-P(tl)<0.

[0112] In the affirmative at step E13, that is to say when both P(tl)-P(t-2)>0 and P(t)-P(t-1 )<0 (which is the case when the instantaneous power P(t) injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 increases from time t-2 to time t-1 or is constant then decreases from time t-1 to time t, this time t corresponding to time t2' in figures 5 and 6), the control device 31 at step E14 makes the first frequency f(t) for time t equal to the frequency f(tl) for time t-1, i.e. f(t)=f(t-1 ) and resets the time counter CPT to the value zero. In the negative at step E13, that is when P(tl)-P(t-2)<0 and / or P(t)-P(tl)>0 (which is the case when the instantaneous power P(t) injected on the output 13 of the converter 11 decreases from time t-2 to time t-1 or increases or is constant from time t-1 to time t), the control device 31 performs step E15.

[0113] At step E15, the control device 31 compares to zero the difference P(t)-P(t-1) between the instantaneous power P(t) injected at output 13 of converter 11 at time t and the instantaneous power P(tl) injected at output 13 of converter 11 at time t-1, and compares the time counter CPT to the prescribed holding time TM, to determine if both P(t)-P(tl)<0 and CPTcTM. If so at step E15, i.e., when both P(t)-P(tl)<0 and CPT <TM, le dispositif 31 de contrôle à l’étape E16 incrémente d’un pas temporel PT le compteur CPT (c’est-à-dire CPT=CPT+PT) et rend la première fréquence f(t) pour l’instant t égale à la fréquence f(t-l) pour l’instant t-1, soit f(t) =f(t-l), ce qui correspond à l’instant t3 de la [Fig.5]. Dans la négative à l’étape E15, c’est-à-dire lorsque P(t)-P(t-l)> 0 and / or CPT>TM, the control device 31 performs step E17.

[0114] At step E17, the control device 31 compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected at the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t to the second prescribed power value P2, to determine if P(t) > P2. If so at step E17, i.e., when P(t) > P2, the control device 31 at step E18 makes the first frequency f(t) equal to the second prescribed frequency value f2 for time t, i.e., f(t) = f2. If not at step E17, i.e., when P(t) <P2, le dispositif 31 de contrôle effectue l’étape E19.

[0115] At step E19, the control device 31 compares the instantaneous power P(t) injected onto the output 13 of the converter 11 at time t to the first prescribed power value PI, to determine if P(t) > Pl. If so at step E19, i.e., when P(t) > Pl, the control device 31 at step E20 makes the first frequency f(t) equal to

[0116] f(t) = f2-^( / 2-fl)

[0117] (case at time t2 in Figures 5 and 6). In the negative at step E19, that is, when P(t) <pl, le dispositif 31 de contrôle à l’étape e21 rend la première fréquence f(t)="fn," égale nominale prescrite fn pour l’instant t, soit ce qui correspond t4 [fig.6].

[0118] In the first and third embodiments of Figures 3, 5, and 6, the second power value P2 can be, for example, 100% of the maximum available conversion power of the energy reserve equipment B. The power P can be expressed as a percentage (%) or per unit (pu) of this second power value P2 in Figures 3, 5, and 6.

[0119] Of course, the characteristics indicated above for Ml and Al can be provided together or one without the other.

[0120] Of course, the hysteresis characteristics described above with reference to Figures 5, 6 and 7 could also be applied to the first embodiment M1 beyond [Fig.3]. Second instruction f(R), M2

[0121] The second embodiment of the second prescribed instruction giving the second frequency f(R), M2 is described below first with reference to [Fig.4].

[0122] The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to the constant prescribed nominal frequency fn (frequency plateau fn) when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is greater than a first prescribed value RI of the energy reserve. The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2, A2 is less than the prescribed nominal frequency fn when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is less than the first prescribed value RI of the energy reserve.

[0123] The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau fl, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is less than the first prescribed energy reserve value RI and is greater than a second prescribed energy reserve value R4, itself less than the first prescribed energy reserve value RI. The first prescribed frequency plateau fl is less than the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

[0124] The second prescribed setpoint f(R), M2 is equal to a second frequency plateau f2 when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is less than the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve. The second frequency plateau f2 is lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau fl.

[0125] The first prescribed frequency plateau fl can be at 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2, as for example in figures 3 and 4, or otherwise.

[0126] In the second embodiment of [Fig. 4], the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 giving the second frequency is stepped. The first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 has a jump S2 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and the first prescribed frequency plateau fl. In addition to the jump S2, the first prescribed setpoint f(P), M2 giving the second frequency has another jump S2' between the first prescribed frequency plateau fl and the second prescribed frequency plateau f2. Second instruction f(R), A2

[0127] The fourth embodiment giving the second frequency f(R), A2 is described below with reference to [Fig.8].

[0128] The second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 has a jump S2 between the prescribed nominal frequency fn and a first prescribed value fl of frequency, lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 becomes lower than a first prescribed value RI of energy reserve.

[0129] In the fourth embodiment of [Fig. 8], the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 giving the second frequency, decreases according to a first prescribed affine function Dl, which is decreasing with a first finite, non-zero, prescribed slope, when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 decreases below the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve and is above a prescribed threshold R0 of energy reserve, which is below the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve. The first prescribed affine function Dl is equal to the first prescribed frequency value fl when the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 is equal to the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve.

[0130] In the fourth embodiment of [Fig. 8], the second prescribed setpoint f(R), A2 has a hysteresis-type operation, of which we describe characteristics below with reference to [Fig.8]. [Fig.8] represents a scenario of times t1, t2, t3, t4 of decrease of the reserve R until t2, then of growth of the reserve R until t4 via t3.

[0131] It is assumed that at time t1, the reserve R is above the first prescribed value RI of energy reserve, which means that the second prescribed setpoint of the second frequency f(R), A2 is equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn at that time t1. Then from time t1 to time t2, the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 decreases to an intermediate value Ri of energy reserve, which is greater than or equal to the prescribed threshold RO of energy reserve and less than or equal to the second prescribed value R4 of energy reserve and for which the second prescribed setpoint of the second frequency f(R), A2 has an intermediate frequency value f(t2), greater than or equal to the second prescribed frequency value f2 and less than or equal to the first prescribed frequency value fl at that time t2.This intermediate frequency value f(t2) is determined by the second setpoint f(Ri) for the intermediate energy reserve value Ri at time t2, for example according to the decreasing line DI of the setpoint A2 of the second frequency f(R).

[0132] When, in the case illustrated in [Fig. 8], from the instant of change of direction of variation of the energy reserve R, corresponding to time t2 and the intermediate value Ri of the energy reserve, the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 increases above the intermediate value Ri of the energy reserve (time t3 after time t2) and then becomes equal to a third prescribed value R3 of the energy reserve given by a second prescribed affine function D2, the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 is maintained equal to the intermediate value f(t2) of frequency. The second prescribed affine function D2 is increasing, having a second finite slope, increasing and prescribed according to the increasing energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B.The second prescribed affine function D2 is equal to the first prescribed frequency value fl when the energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B is equal to the first prescribed energy reserve value RI. The second prescribed affine function D2 can be parallel (second slope equal to the first slope) to the first prescribed affine function DI. Both the first prescribed affine function DI and the second prescribed affine function D2 are made greater than or equal to the second frequency value f2. The prescribed value R2 of the energy reserve R is the maximum value of the reserve R on the frequency plateau f2. For example, the data for this law are RI, R2, RO, fl, f2, fn, and AR = R2 - R0 = R1 - R4. The slopes of the lines DI and D2 can be calculated from these data.

[0133] When, in the case illustrated in [Fig.8], the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11 increases above the third energy reserve value R3 (instant t4 posterior to time t3) until the first prescribed value RI of energy reserve, the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 grows according to the second prescribed affine function D2.

[0134] When then, in the case illustrated in [Fig.8], the energy reserve R of the source 11 voltage increases above the first value RI of energy reserve, the second prescribed setpoint f(R) giving the second frequency f(R), A2 becomes equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn.

[0135] Of course, the features indicated below for M2 and A2 can be provided together or one without the other.

[0136] Of course, the hysteresis characteristics described above with reference to [Fig.8] could also be applied to the second embodiment M2 of [Fig.4],

[0137] The invention also relates to a method of controlling the voltage source 11 using the control device 1 described above.

[0138] In this process, the voltage source 11 transforms energy supplied to at least one input 12 of the voltage source 11 into an alternating electrical voltage having a determined frequency f on the output 13 of the voltage source 11, connected to the PDL point of electrical power delivery.

[0139] The process comprises the following steps, described with reference to [Fig.9].

[0140] During the first step El, the first determining device 21 determines a power P measured on output 13 of voltage source 11.

[0141] During the first step El, the second determining device 22 determines an energy reserve R of the energy reserve equipment B.

[0142] Then, during the second step E2, the control device 31 calculates the first frequency f(P) according to the first prescribed setpoint giving the first frequency f(P) as a function of the power P measured at the output 13 of the voltage source 11, and / or calculates the second frequency f(R) according to the second prescribed setpoint giving the second frequency f(R) as a function of the energy reserve R of the voltage source 11.

[0143] Then, during the third step E3, the control device 31 provides a setpoint Cf of determined frequency f, equal to the first frequency f(P), or equal to the second frequency (f(R)), or equal to the minimum of the first frequency f(P) having been determined and the second frequency f(R) having been determined, to the voltage source 11.

[0144] The invention also relates to a computer program for implementing the piloting method, comprising code instructions for implementing steps E2 and E3.

[0145] In the embodiments described above, the first prescribed frequency value fl is identical for the first prescribed setpoint f(P) and the second prescribed setpoint f(R), and the second prescribed frequency value f2 is identical for the first prescribed setpoint f(P) and the second prescribed setpoint f(R).

[0146] In the embodiments described above, the first prescribed frequency value fl can be greater than or equal to 97.1% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 99.5% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the first prescribed frequency value fl is equal to 98% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn (for example fl = 49 Hz in the case where fn = 50 Hz).

[0147] In the embodiments described above, the second prescribed frequency value f2 may be greater than or equal to 90% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 97% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the second prescribed frequency value f2 may be equal to 96% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn (for example, f2 = 48 Hz in the case where fn = 50 Hz).

[0148] For example, in Figures 3 and 4, we consider a microgrid MG composed of a few photovoltaic producers B, a few consumers EQC, and a voltage source 11 with an installed power P2=Pn of 50 kVA. The voltage source 11 injects P=15 kVA and its state of load R is at 24%. The function f(P) given as an example in [Fig. 3] indicates that at this power P, we have P / Pn=15 / 50=0.3 pu, which corresponds in [Fig. 3] to f(P)=fn=50 Hz. The function f(R) given as an example in [Fig. 4] also indicates that at this load level R, we have af(R)=f2=48 Hz. The frequency f imposed by the voltage source 11 is therefore the lower of the two, namely 48 Hz.

[0149] Of course, the embodiments, features, possibilities and examples described above can be combined with each other or selected independently of each other.

[0150] Device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the EQC consumer equipment

[0151] Examples are described below in which the voltage source control device 11 may also include a control device 100 for the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment EQC, which can be combined, with reference to figures 10 to 15.

[0152] The device 100 for controlling the electrical consumption of the EQC consumer equipment includes a device 102 for determining the frequency f of an electrical voltage V present at the power delivery point (PDL) and on the power consumption network (RD). The determining device 102 includes an input 104 connected to the power consumption network (RD), on which the electrical voltage V is present. The device The determining device 102 determines the frequency f of the electrical voltage V present at the input 104. The determining device 102 may be or include one (or more) sensors for measuring the alternating electrical voltage V and / or the alternating electrical current I at the input 104, and one (or more) calculators for calculating the frequency f from the measured voltage V, supplied on the network RD, and / or the measured current I, supplied on the network RD. For example, the determining device 102 calculates the fundamental frequency f of the network RD from the voltage(s) V supplied by the measuring circuit via an existing software library, or by filtering the measured voltage and / or current signal and calculating its frequency from the zero crossings of the voltage and / or current. The determining device 102 includes an output 105, on which it provides the determined frequency f.The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electrical voltage V can be associated with the CP electrical consumption meter and / or integrated into the CP electrical consumption meter. The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electrical voltage V can be housed in a casing installed on or within the EQC consumer equipment. The device 102 for determining the frequency f of the electrical voltage V can be present in the device 103 described below, shown in [Fig. 10].

[0153] The power consumption control device 100 for the EQC consumer equipment includes a control device 103, configured to cause a reduction of a percentage E of the available electrical power PD for the EQC consumer equipment according to a prescribed setpoint P(f) (or a control law based on the frequency f) giving the percentage E as a function of the frequency f. The available electrical power PD for the EQC consumer equipment is an interruptible power for the EQC consumer equipment. The percentage E is the interrupted electrical power PI of the EQC consumer equipment, divided by the available electrical power PD for the EQC consumer equipment, i.e., E = PI / PD. The available electrical power PD is the electrical power normally drawn from the network RD by the EQC consumer equipment, in the absence of the control device 100.Therefore, according to the invention, the control device 103 supplies each EQC consumer unit with electrical power P = PD - PL. The control device 103 may be or include one (or more) controllers and / or one (or more) microcontrollers and / or one (or more) processors and / or one (or more) microprocessors and / or one (or more) calculators and / or one (or more) computers and / or may include one or more computer programs. The invention enables an EQC consumer unit connected to the main electricity transmission and distribution network RP or to the microgrid MG to provide a distributed load shedding service for all or part of a load. The control device 100 can modulate the load of the EQC consumer equipment based on the measured frequency f, when this is possible on the EQC consumer equipment (for example: modulating the charging power of an EQC device such as an electric vehicle charging station), rather than a complete interruption, or an on / off switch when this is not possible (for example: interrupting certain EQC devices such as some non-modulating heaters or some non-modulating electric water heaters). Each setpoint P(f), the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E of load shedding of the available electrical power PD, is specific to each EQC consumer equipment.

[0154] In the embodiments described below with reference to figures 11 to 13, the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E of removal of the available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC is at least partially decreasing for an increasing frequency f.

[0155] In the embodiments of Figures 11 and 12, the percentage E of available electrical power PD reduction for the consumer equipment EQC is at a low plateau PB of percentage, when the frequency f is greater than or equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn, or is greater than or equal to a first frequency threshold fl lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn. The low plateau PB of percentage can be, for example, 0% in Figures 11 to 14. In the case where the low plateau PB of percentage is 0%, the control device 103 supplies 100% of the available electrical power PD to the consumer equipment EQC when the frequency f is greater than or equal to the prescribed nominal frequency fn, or is greater than or equal to the first frequency threshold fl. Of course, the low plateau PB of percentage can be different from 0% in other examples.

[0156] In the embodiments of Figures 11 and 12, the percentage E of available electrical power PD reduction for the consumer equipment EQC is at a high percentage plateau PH when the frequency f is less than or equal to a second frequency threshold f2, which is lower than the prescribed nominal frequency fn and lower than the first frequency threshold fl. The high percentage plateau PH can be, for example, 100% in Figures 11 to 14. In the case where the high percentage plateau PH is 100%, the control device 103 does not supply the available electrical power PD to the consumer equipment EQC when the frequency f is less than or equal to the second frequency threshold f2.

[0157] The high percentage plateau PH is greater than the low percentage plateau PB.

[0158] For example, in the embodiment of [Fig. 11], the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD for the consuming equipment EQC is in steps. In [Fig. 11], the percentage The percentage reduction (E) of available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC can be equal to a prescribed intermediate percentage (XI) when the frequency f is between the second frequency threshold f2 and the first frequency threshold f1. This intermediate percentage threshold XI is higher than the low plateau PB (which is, for example, 0% in [Fig. 11]) and lower than the high plateau PH (for example, 100% in [Fig. 11]), and can be equal to 50%, for example, in [Fig. 11]. The percentage reduction (E) of available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC exhibits a jump (S20) from the high plateau PH to the threshold XI when the frequency f becomes higher than the second frequency threshold f2.The percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD for the consumer equipment EQC exhibits a jump S10 from the XI plateau to the low plateau PB, when the frequency f becomes greater than the first frequency threshold fl.

[0159] The PB and PH plateaus and the XI plateau are dead bands that allow the system to avoid reacting to natural frequency fluctuations in the network.

[0160] An example of the use of the embodiment of [Fig. 11] is described below. It is assumed that the consumer equipment EQC does not have an individual heating system but is equipped with a 7.4 kVA electric vehicle charging station with a variable power Pn. Device 102 measures a drop in the network frequency f to 48.5 Hz at this consumer equipment EQC, while the consumer is charging their electric vehicle at 7.4 kVA, for fn=50 Hz, fl =49 Hz, and f2=48 Hz. The function P(f) given as an example in [Fig. 11] dictates that at this frequency f=48.5 Hz, 50% of the interruptible power PI of the consumer equipment EQC must be interrupted. The control unit on the consumer equipment EQC therefore sends a command to the charging station so that the charging power is reduced to 3.7 kVA.

[0161] The on / off embodiment shown above is implemented according to [Fig. 14] by modifying the embodiment of [Fig. 11] by making the second frequency threshold f2 equal to the first frequency threshold fl. Thus, the setpoint P(f) for the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD for the consuming equipment EQC exhibits, for example, two plateaus PB and PH, with the upper plateau PH, for example at 100%, for f less than fl=f2 and the lower plateau PB, for example at 0%, for any f greater than fl=f2.

[0162] In the embodiment of [Fig. 12], the percentage E of removal of the available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC is a decreasing affine function FD having a finite, determined and non-zero slope between the second frequency threshold f2 and the first frequency threshold fl, and related on one side to the high plateau PH and on the other side to the low plateau PB.

[0163] An example of the use of the embodiment of [Fig. 12] is described below. It is assumed that the consumer equipment EQC does not have an individual heating system but is equipped with an electric vehicle charging station with a variable power Pn. The device 102 measures a drop in the network frequency at this consumer equipment EQC to the frequency f' (midway between f1 and f2), while the consumer is charging their electric vehicle at power Pn. The function P(f) given as an example in [Fig. 12] requires that at this frequency f', 50% of the available power PD of the consumer equipment EQC must be interrupted. The control unit on the consumer equipment EQC therefore sends a command to the charging station so that the charging power is reduced to 0.5 x Pn.

[0164] In the embodiment of [Fig. 13], the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD for the consumer equipment EQC is a decreasing FC function curved between the second frequency threshold f2 and the first frequency threshold fl, i.e., between the points (f2, E(f2)) and (fl, E(fl)). According to this decreasing FC function, the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD for the consumer equipment EQC is equal to the high plateau PH when the frequency f is equal to the second frequency threshold f2, and is equal to the low plateau PB when the frequency f is equal to the first frequency threshold fl. This decreasing FC function can be, for example, a sigmoid or polynomial function. A power modulation device can be provided on the consumer equipment to respond to the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD, sent by the control device 103.A power modulation device may be provided on the consuming equipment to comply with the percentage E of available electrical power reduction PD, sent by the control device 103.

[0165] The invention also relates to a method for controlling the electrical consumption of the consumer equipment (EQC) using the control device 100 described above. The method comprises the following steps, described with reference to [Fig. 15].

[0166] During step El 1, the determination device 102 determines the frequency f of the electrical voltage V present at the point PDL of electrical power delivery.

[0167] Then, during step E12, the control device (103) clears the percentage E of the available electrical power PD for the consumer equipment EQC according to the prescribed setpoint P(f) giving the percentage E as a function of the frequency f.

[0168] The invention also relates to a computer program for implementing the piloting method, comprising code instructions for implementing steps Eli and El2.

[0169] In the embodiments described above for the device 100, the first prescribed frequency value fl can be greater than or equal to 97.1% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn and less than or equal to 99.5% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn. For example, the first prescribed frequency value fl is equal to 98% of the prescribed nominal frequency fn (for example fl=49 Hz in the case where fn=50 Hz).

[0170] In embodiments of the invention for device 100, the prescribed setpoint P(f), giving the percentage E of the available electrical power PD for at least one consumer device EQC as a function of frequency f, can be programmed. This makes it possible to determine the theoretical power modulation to be achieved from a function P(f) whose parameters can be modified (for example, according to the type of controllable loads and the consumer's preferences).

[0171] The device 100 for controlling the power consumption of the consumer equipment EQC described above in Figures 10 to 14 may include an actuator associated with each consumer equipment EQC and / or integrated into each consumer equipment EQC. The equipment EQC is controllable by the actuator with respect to the power P consumed by the consumer equipment EQC. The control device 103 may be connected via logic outputs and / or analog outputs to the consumer equipment EQC to control the power consumed P according to the prescribed setpoint P(f). This actuator may be a controllable circuit opening and closing device, a means of controlling the equipment in an on / off manner, a contactor, a circuit breaker DJ, a power modulation device, or an electronic power controller.

[0172] The control device 103 described above in Figures 10 to 14 may comprise a controller and an actuator, which is located away from the controller and is controlled by the controller via a telecommunications link and means. The controller implements the prescribed setpoint P(f), which gives the percentage E as a function of the frequency f. In this case, the controller is housed in a first enclosure, and the actuator is housed in a second, separate enclosure located away from the first. For example, the controller may be associated with and / or integrated into the CP electricity consumption meter, particularly in EQC consumer equipment, which has a variable consumption P. The telecommunications link may be wired or wireless and may be of the WiFi, Ethernet, or Bluetooth type (registered trademarks).

[0173] The control device 103 described above in Figures 10 to 14 can also be fully integrated into the EQC consumer equipment (controller and actuator). In this case, the controller and the actuator can be housed in the same enclosure.

[0174] The control device 103 described above in Figures 10 to 14 can control interruptible loads of the EQC consumer equipment (for example via contactors supplying these loads or via telecommunication means such as WiFi or Ethernet or Bluetooth), or modulate the compatible loads of the EQC consumer equipment (via the actuator and / or controller integrated into the controllable EQC equipment or via telecommunication means such as WiFi / Ethernet / Bluetooth).

[0175] The device 100 comprises a hardware component (the controller mentioned above and / or the actuator mentioned above) installed on the consumer equipment EQC. For an existing smart CP meter, if the CP meter can accommodate control laws and includes logic outputs and / or telecommunication means, or if the meter can provide the measurement of the frequency f (the meter in this case including the frequency f determination device 102) to the auxiliary unit of the controller capable of accommodating control laws and including logic outputs and / or telecommunication means,This hardware component installed on the EQC consumer equipment may include controllable circuit opening and closing devices (e.g., contactor or circuit breaker) and / or power modulation devices (e.g., electronic dimmer) integrated into the EQC controlled equipment and / or logic outputs and / or the CP meter's telecommunications means, enabling the control of these devices (e.g., dry contact, wet contact, WiFi, Ethernet, or Bluetooth telecommunications card (registered trademarks)), or an intelligent module at the CP meter level, enabling the programming of control laws.

[0176] In the case where the device 100 includes a self-contained unit, capable of hosting control laws and including logic outputs and / or telecommunication means, the hardware part installed on the consumer equipment EQC may include controllable circuit opening and closing devices (example: contactor or circuit breaker) and / or power modulation devices (example: electronic dimmer) integrated into the controlled equipment EQC and / or logic outputs and / or telecommunication means of the self-contained unit, allowing these devices to be controlled (examples: dry contact, wet contact, telecommunication card of type WiFi or Ethernet or Bluetooth (registered trademarks)), or an intelligent module at the level of the self-contained unit, allowing the control laws to be programmed, or a voltage measurement circuit (device 102 for determining the frequency f) installed downstream of the CP meter.

[0177] For an intelligent module integrated into controllable EQC equipment, the part installed on the EQC consumer equipment may include a means of controlling the EQC equipment in an on / off manner (example: contactor), and / or a power modulation device (example: electronic dimmer), or an intelligent module enabling the calculation of the frequency f of the RD network and the programming of the laws of control (on or off, and / or power modulation), or a circuit (frequency determination device f 102) for measuring the voltage across the terminals of the EQC equipment (AC side).

[0178] Of course, the embodiments, features, possibilities and examples described above can be combined with each other or selected independently of each other.

Claims

1. Claims Device (1) for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD), the voltage source (11) transforming energy present on at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electrical voltage having a determined frequency (f) on at least one output (13) of the voltage source (11), connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL), characterized in that the device comprises a device (22) for determining an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), a control device (31), configured to calculate a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), the control device (31) being configured to provide a determined frequency (f) setpoint (Cf), equal to the frequency (f(R)), to the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is greater than a first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn),when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is less than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau (fl), less than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is less than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI) and is greater than a second prescribed energy reserve value (R4), itself less than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI).,

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R), M2) is equal to a second frequency plateau (f2), lower than the first prescribed frequency plateau (fl), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is lower than the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4).

3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first prescribed frequency plateau (fl) is equal to 50% of the sum of the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and the second prescribed frequency plateau (f2).

4. Device (1) for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD), the voltage source (11) transforming energy present on at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electrical voltage having a frequency (f) determined on at least one output (13) of the voltage source (11), connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL), characterized in that the device comprises a device (22) for determining an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), a control device (31), configured to calculate a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), the control device (31) being configured to provide a determined frequency (f) setpoint (Cf),equal to the frequency (f(R)), to the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R),A2), having a jump (S2) between the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and a first prescribed frequency value (fl), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) becomes lower than a first prescribed energy reserve value (RI).,

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R), A2) decreases according to a first prescribed affine function (Dl), which is decreasing by having a first finite, determined and non-zero slope, when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) decreases below the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4) and is greater than a prescribed energy reserve threshold (RO), lower than the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4), the first prescribed affine function (Dl) being equal to the first prescribed frequency value (fl), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4).

6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) increases above an intermediate energy reserve value (Ri), which is greater than or equal to the prescribed energy reserve threshold (RO) and less than or equal to the second prescribed energy reserve value (R4) and which corresponds to an intermediate frequency value (f(t2)), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R), A2) is maintained equal to the intermediate frequency value (f(t2)), until the prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) reaches a third energy reserve value (R3) given by a second prescribed affine function (D2), the second prescribed affine function (D2) being increasing by having a second finite, non-zero slope, increasing and prescribed according to the increasing energy reserve (R ) of the source (11) of tension,the second prescribed affine function (D2) being equal to the first prescribed frequency value (fl), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is equal to the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) increases above the third energy reserve value (R3) up to the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R), A2) increases according to the second prescribed affine function (D2), the first prescribed affine function (Dl) and the second prescribed affine function (D2) being made greater than or equal to a second frequency value (f2) lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and / or the first prescribed frequency value (fl).,

7. Method for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD), method in which a voltage source (11) transforms energy supplied to at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electrical voltage having a frequency (f) determined on at least one output (13) of the voltage source (11), connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL), characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: determination (El), by a determination device (22), of an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) voltage, supply (E3), by the control device (31),of a determined frequency (f) setpoint (Cf), equal to the frequency (f(R)) at the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is greater than a first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is lower than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau (fl), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn),when the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11) is less than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI) and is greater than a second prescribed energy reserve value (R4), itself less than the first prescribed energy reserve value (RI).,

8. Method for controlling at least one voltage source (11), which is connected to an electrical power delivery point (PDL) itself connected to an electrical power consumption network (RD),

9. method in which a voltage source (11) transforms energy supplied to at least one input (12) of the voltage source (11) into an alternating electrical voltage having a frequency (f) determined on at least one output (13) of the voltage source (11), connected to the electrical power delivery point (PDL), characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: determination (El), by a determination device (22), of an energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11), supply (E3), by the control device (31), of a setpoint (Cf) of determined frequency (f), equal to the frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R),A2), having a jump (S2) between the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and a first prescribed frequency value (fl), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) becomes lower than a first prescribed energy reserve value (RI). Computer program for implementing the method for controlling at least one voltage source (11) according to claim 7, comprising code instructions for implementing the following steps, when the program is executed by a computer (31): calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11), supply (E3), by the control device (31), of a setpoint (Cf) of determined frequency (f), equal to the frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the reserve (R ) of energy of the voltage source (11) is greater than a first prescribed value (RI) of energy reserve, the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is lower than the first prescribed value (RI) of energy reserve, the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R), M2), being equal to a first prescribed frequency plateau (fl), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn), when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) is lower than the first prescribed value (RI) of energy reserve and is greater than a second prescribed value (R4) of energy reserve, itself lower than the first prescribed value (RI) of energy reserve.

10. Computer program for implementing the method for controlling at least one voltage source (11) according to claim 8, comprising code instructions for implementing the following steps, when the program is executed by a computer (31): calculation (E2), by a control device (31), of a frequency (f(R)) according to a prescribed setpoint (f(R)) giving the frequency (f(R)) as a function of the energy reserve (R ) of the voltage source (11), supply (E3), by the control device (31), of a setpoint (Cf) of determined frequency (f), equal to the frequency (f(R)) to the voltage source (11), the electrical power consumption network (RD) having a prescribed nominal frequency (fn), the prescribed setpoint (f(R)), giving the frequency (f(R),A2), having a jump (S2) between the prescribed nominal frequency (fn) and a first prescribed frequency value (fl), lower than the prescribed nominal frequency (fn),when the energy reserve (R) of the voltage source (11) becomes lower than a first prescribed energy reserve value (RI).,

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