Renewable kerosene fuel with excellent cold properties

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kerosene base comprising at least 60.0% by weight of a mixture composed of C3n hydrocarbons and C4n hydrocarbons, with n being a natural number chosen between 3 and 4, at least 80% by weight of the total weight of the kerosene base being iso-paraffins, said kerosene base having excellent cold properties. The present invention also relates to any composition comprising said kerosene base, its preparation process and its use as fuel in the field of aviation.

Description

Title of the invention: Renewable kerosene fuel having excellent cold properties Technical field

[0001] The present invention falls within the field of bio-sourced fuels and relates more particularly to a kerosene base which is preferably renewable and meets the specifications in force, in particular those defined in the ASTM D7566 standard and in particular in Annex 5, and very advantageously having particularly satisfactory cold properties. The present invention also relates to any composition which comprises such a kerosene base. Prior art

[0002] Airlines have committed to carbon-neutral growth, particularly in commercial aviation, starting in 2021, and US airlines have set a target of reducing CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050 compared to 2005 levels. However, improvements in aircraft and engine efficiency are not proving sufficient to achieve carbon neutrality. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) therefore appear critical to achieving this goal.

[0003] It then seems necessary to develop kerosenes that are at least partly biosourced and have properties at least equivalent to those of fossil kerosenes.

[0004] Thus, US patent 8,373,012 proposes a method for preparing renewable fuel mixtures, comprising the conversion of fermentative isobutanol into synthetic paraffinic kerosene (or Synthesized Paraffinic Kerosene, SPK, according to English terminology) which meet the specifications of standard ASTM D7566-10a, Annex 1, and therefore have in particular a cold point of at most -40°C.

[0005] Application WO13085980 discloses a renewable kerosene fuel derived at least in part from biomass which comprises between 5 and 20% by weight of isoparaffins and between 15 and 95% by weight of naphthenes. More particularly, document WO13085980 describes a renewable kerosene fuel derived from biomass having a cold point which may be equal to approximately -39°C, -40°C or -70°C and in particular a density at 15°C (i.e. 60°F) between 819 and 839 kg / m3 (between 0.8192 g / cc and 0.8393 g / cc). Said kerosene fuel is derived from a predominantly n-paraffinic fuel composition (more than 40% by weight), comprising approximately 7% by weight of C9 compounds, 12% by weight of CIO compounds, 8% by weight of C11 compounds, 9% weight of C12 compounds and approximately 11% of C14+ compounds, which corresponds to a C9+ mixture comprising approximately 35% by weight of C9 and C12 compounds.

[0006] Application WO18224730 discloses a renewable kerosene fuel compound, in particular obtained by a Fischer-Tropsch process, comprising mainly isoparaffins and typically mainly C15 to C18 paraffins, the C15- paraffins (i.e. comprising less than 15 carbon atoms) being present at a content of less than 20% by weight, with a distillation range in particular between 145°C and 280°C and a cold point equal to approximately -51°C. WO18224730 also discloses compositions comprising such a renewable kerosene component in admixture with a kerosene of fossil origin (i.e. derived from petroleum) and having a cold point less than or equal to -40°C, in particular varying between approximately -53°C and approximately -55°C.

[0007] Patent application WO2022 / 008534 describes renewable fuel products composed mainly of isoparaffins (at least 86.7% by weight) and comprising between 35.4 and 69.8% by weight of C9-C12 paraffins (n- and iso-paraffins), i.e. comprising between 9 and 12 carbon atoms, in other words C9, C10, C11 and C12. More particularly, document WO2022 / 008534 describes a renewable kerosene component comprising 86.7% by weight of isoparaffins and composed of 69.8% by weight of C9-C12 paraffins (n- and iso-paraffins) including 33.5% by weight of C9 and C12 paraffins, 19.5% by weight of C10 paraffins, 16.8% by weight of C11 paraffin, having a cold point equal to - 54°C and a density of 750.7 kg / m3.

[0008] However, none of the state-of-the-art documents describe kerosenes, and in particular kerosenes that are at least partly biosourced, meeting all the specifications in force, in particular a density between 730 and 770 kg / m3 at 15°C and a flash point greater than or equal to 38°C, and in particular having excellent cold properties, more particularly having a very low cold point, and in particular less than or equal to -60°C, preferably less than or equal to -80°C. Summary of the invention

[0009] Thus, the present invention relates to a kerosene base comprising at least 60.0% by weight of a mixture composed of C3n hydrocarbons and C4n hydrocarbons, with n being a natural integer chosen between 3 and 4, and in which at least 80% by weight of the total weight of the kerosene base are iso-paraffins.

[0010] The interest of the present invention lies in the consequent improvement of the cold properties of kerosenes, in particular of kerosene mixtures for aircraft engines, meeting all the other specification criteria of kerosenes, in particular intended for aviation, and more particularly the specifications of the ASTMD7566 standard and in particular those of Annex 5 of the ASTMD7566 standard, such as in particular a flash point greater than or equal to 38°C, a density between 730 and 770 kg / m3 at 15°C. Indeed, the kerosene base according to the present invention has a very low cold point, in particular less than or equal to - 60°C, more particularly less than or equal to - 70°C, preferably less than or equal to - 80°C, and the mixtures which comprise it have satisfactory cold points and meet the specification in force, with a cold point less than or equal to - 40°C.

[0011] Another advantage of the present invention lies in the fact that the kerosene base according to the invention, alone or in a mixture with other biosourced and / or fossil-based kerosenes, is advantageously at least partly biosourced, which will help airlines achieve their objective of reducing their CO2 emissions and therefore their carbon footprint. Description of the embodiments

[0012] According to the present invention, the expressions "between ... and ..." and "between .... and ..." are equivalent and mean that the limit values ​​of the interval are included in the range of values ​​described. If this is not the case and the limit values ​​are not included in the range described, such precision will be provided by the present invention.

[0013] For the purposes of the present invention, the different parameter ranges given for the various characteristics may be used alone or in combination.

[0014] In the following, particular embodiments of the invention may be described. They may be implemented separately or combined with each other, without limitation of combinations when this is technically feasible.

[0015] The term "bio-sourced" means that the product / compound it qualifies is an organic product / compound whose carbon comes from CO2 present in the atmosphere recently fixed (on a human scale) thanks to solar energy (photosynthesis). On land, this CO2 is captured or fixed by plant life (for example, agricultural crops or forestry materials). In the oceans, CO2 is captured or fixed by photosynthesizing bacteria or phytoplankton. For example, a bio-sourced material has a 14C / 12C isotopic ratio greater than 0. Conversely, a material of fossil origin has a 14C / 12C isotopic ratio of approximately 0. The terms "renewable" or "derived from renewable sources" can also be used.To determine whether a product / compound is bio-based or renewable, its percent modern carbon (pMC) content is measured according to ASTM D 6866-21 (“Determination of Bio-Based Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis”). The method in this standard measures the 14C / 12C isotope ratio in a sample and compares it to the 14C / 12C isotope ratio of a bio-based reference. standard to obtain the percentage of bio-sourced content of the sample, the reference giving a radiocarbon content approximately equivalent to the fraction of atmospheric radiocarbon in 1950. The pMC of the standard bio-sourced reference material is therefore equal to 100%. The pMC of a material of fossil origin is approximately 0%. A current bio-sourced material can therefore also possibly have a pMC greater than 100%.

[0016] In the present description, the terms "T95" or "T95 temperature" are interchangeable and designate the temperature at which 95% by weight of the product considered is evaporated. It is determined according to the standardized method ASTM D2887. At the same time, the "T5" or "T5 temperature" is the temperature at which 5% by weight of the product considered is evaporated, determined according to the same standardized method ASTM D2887.

[0017] In the present description, the term "Cx" denotes compounds having x carbon atoms. For example, a chemical compound C3 contains 3 carbon atoms. The term "Cx+" denotes compounds having at least x carbon atoms. For example, C9+ compounds are compounds containing at least 9 carbon atoms (i.e., 9 or more carbon atoms). The term "Cx-" denotes compounds having at most x carbon atoms.

[0018] In the present description, the terms "3n carbon atoms" or "C 3n" and "4n carbon atoms" or "C4n", with n a natural number chosen from 3 or 4, respectively mean 3 xn (literally three multiplied by n) and 4 xn (literally four multiplied by n) carbon atoms, that is to say: - when n=3, 3x3 = 9 and 4x3 = 12 carbon atoms (i.e. C9 and C12), - when n=4, 3x4 = 12 and 4x4 = 16 carbon atoms (i.e. C12 and C16).

[0019] Similarly, the terms "5n carbon atoms" or "C5n", with n a natural number chosen from 3 or 4, means 5 xn (literally five multiplied by n) carbon atoms, i.e.: when n=3, 5x3=15 carbon atoms (i.e. C15); and when n=4, 5x4=20 (i.e. C20).

[0020] According to the present invention, the terms "olefin" and "mono-olefin" are used interchangeably and refer to hydrocarbons comprising a single double bond.

[0021] In the present description, the smoke point is a parameter determined by a standardized test described in ASTM D1322 / IP 598, which consists of measuring the maximum height of a flame not emitting smoke in a kerosene lamp (wick lamp). The smoke point is expressed in mm. The higher the smoke point, indicating a low C / H ratio, the better the qualities of the kerosene, in particular the more thermally stable the product. The smoke point is the temperature from which oils or fats emit smoke continuously. Beyond this temperature, the products begin to decompose and denature.

[0022] The cold point (or freezing point according to Anglo-Saxon terminology) of a substance defines a temperature at which the liquid and solid states of the substance can coexist in equilibrium (ASTM D5972 and / or D7153).

[0023] More particularly, the present invention relates to a kerosene base comprising, preferably consisting of:

[0024] at least 60.0% by weight, preferably at least 70.0% by weight, optionally at least 75.0% by weight, preferably at least 80.0% by weight, or even at least 90.0% by weight (100% by weight being the maximum), of a mixture composed, preferably consisting of, hydrocarbons containing 3n carbon atoms (C3n hydrocarbons) and hydrocarbons containing 4n carbon atoms (C4n hydrocarbons), n being a natural number chosen between 3 and 4, the mixture therefore advantageously being composed of hydrocarbons containing 9 and 12 carbon atoms (i.e. C9 and Cl2 hydrocarbons) or hydrocarbons containing 12 and 16 carbon atoms (i.e. C12 and C16 hydrocarbons),

[0025] at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, very preferably at least 95% by weight, of the total weight of the kerosene base being isoparaffins.

[0026] Advantageously, the kerosene base comprises mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons, i.e. mainly non-cyclic and non-aromatic; preferably the kerosene base comprises at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, preferentially at least 99% by weight of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Preferably, the kerosene base comprises less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, preferentially less than 1.0% by weight, and very preferentially less than 0.5% by weight of cyclic and / or aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, such as naphthene, benzene and / or naphthalene compounds.

[0027] Very advantageously, the kerosene base comprises mainly hydrogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, called alkanes or paraffins, that is to say that the kerosene base preferably comprises at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight, of paraffins, that is to say linear paraffins (or n-paraffins) and branched paraffins (or isoparaffins). In particular, the C3n and C4n hydrocarbons of the kerosene base mixture are mainly hydrogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, that is to say preferably at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99% by weight, of C3n and C4n paraffins.

[0028] The kerosene base may optionally comprise olefins, in particular C3n and C4n olefins, preferably at a weight content of less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1.0% by weight, very preferably less than 0.5% by weight.

[0029] Preferably, the kerosene base comprises mainly branched paraffins (or iso-paraffins), i.e. comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, very preferably at least 95% by weight, of branched paraffins (or iso-paraffins). Preferably, the C3n and C4n hydrocarbons of the mixture of the kerosene base according to the invention are mainly branched hydrogenated hydrocarbons, i.e. are at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, very preferably at least 95% by weight, of C3n and C4n isoparaffins, in particular C9 and C12 iso-paraffins or C12 and C16 isoparaffins. Very advantageously, the iso-paraffins, or branched paraffins, are mainly multi-branched.Thus, preferably, the kerosene base comprises at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, very preferably at least 95% by weight, of isoparaffins, and advantageously at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, preferentially at least 70% by weight, of multi-branched paraffins. The term "multi-branched paraffins" means that said paraffins have a branching index greater than or equal to 2, and preferably less than or equal to 9, very preferably less than or equal to 6.Very preferably, the kerosene base comprises at least 60.0% by weight, preferably at least 70.0% by weight, preferentially at least 80.0% by weight, preferably at least 90.0% by weight, of a mixture of C3n and C4n iso-paraffins, and in particular of a mixture of C9 and C12 iso-paraffins or of a mixture of C12 and C16 iso-paraffins, and very advantageously at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, preferentially at least 70% by weight, of multi-branched C3n and C4n paraffins and in particular of a mixture of multi-branched C9 and C12 paraffins or of a mixture of multi-branched C12 and C16 iso-paraffins.

[0030] Very preferably, the kerosene base comprises at most 10% by weight of n-paraffins, preferably at most 7% by weight of n-paraffins and preferentially at most 5% by weight of n-paraffins, and may for example comprise at least 2% by weight of n-paraffins.

[0031] Preferably, the hydrocarbons containing 3n and 4n carbon atoms are present in the kerosene base at weight contents such that the C4n / C3n weight ratio between the C4n hydrocarbons and the C3n hydrocarbons is greater than or equal to 0.10, and preferably less than or equal to 1.1, preferably less than or equal to 0.9, more preferably less than or equal to 0.5.

[0032] Advantageously, the kerosene base preferably comprises less than 40% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, optionally less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, or even less than 10% by weight, of hydrocarbons containing m carbon atoms, m being a natural integer different from the integers 3n and 4n, n being as defined above, i.e. a natural integer chosen between 3 and 4, i.e. m different from 9 and 12 or from 12 and 16. In other words, the kerosene base preferably comprises less than 40% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, optionally less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, or even less than 10% by weight, of Cm hydrocarbons, Cm being different from C9 and C12 or from C12 and C16. In particular, the kerosene base preferably comprises less than 40% by weight, preferably less than 30% by weight, optionally less than 25% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, or even less than 10% by weight, of C8-, C10-, C11- and C13+ or C11-, C13-, C14-, C15- and C17+ hydrocarbons, respectively when the mixture comprises, preferably consists of, C9, C12 or C12, C16 hydrocarbons.The kerosene base may optionally comprise C5n hydrocarbons, n being as defined above, which corresponds to C15 or C20 hydrocarbons, preferably at a content less than or equal to 15% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 10% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 5% by weight.

[0033] Advantageously, the kerosene base according to the invention has an initial boiling point greater than or equal to 140°C.

[0034] The kerosene base is advantageously at least partly, preferably entirely, biosourced. Preferably, the kerosene base according to the invention has a percentage of modern carbon (pMC) greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 50%, preferentially greater than or equal to 75%, in particular greater than or equal to 90%, or even greater than or equal to 100%.

[0035] Preferably, the kerosene base described above is obtained by a process comprising a step of oligomerization of C3 olefins (containing 3 carbon atoms) to C6 olefins (containing 6 carbon atoms), preferably C3 and / or C4, in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst, preferably heterogeneous, and a step of hydrogenation of at least a portion of the reaction effluent from the oligomerization step. Said olefins are advantageously derived from a process of dehydration of alcohols, in particular C3 to C6, preferably C3 and / or C4, said alcohols preferably being biosourced, for example produced by fermentation of sugars. A person skilled in the art will be able to adjust the conditions of temperature, pressure and feed flow rates, in particular as a function of the olefinic feedstock and the nature of the oligomerization catalyst used.For example, the oligomerization step can be carried out in the presence of silica-alumina, used as oligomerization catalyst, at a temperature between 20°C and 300°C, preferably between 25 and 220°C, preferably between 30°C and 200°C, a pressure between 1.5 and 6.5 MPa, preferably between 2.0 and 4.0 MPa, and a WH (hourly volumetric flow rate, corresponding to the volumetric flow rate of the olefinic feedstock relative to the volume of catalyst in operation) between 0.1 and 0.5 h1, of . preferably between 0.2 and 0.3 h1. Preferably, the reaction effluent obtained at the end of the oligomerization step is fractionated into at least a first fraction comprising the dimers and trimers and a second fraction advantageously having a T5 greater than or equal to 140°C, said first fraction being advantageously at least partly recycled at the inlet of the oligomerization step and the second fraction being advantageously at least partly sent to the hydrogenation step. A person skilled in the art will also know how to adjust the operating conditions of the hydrogenation step, for example at a temperature between 50 and 300°C, preferably between 60 and 200°C, a pressure between 0.5 and 5.0 MPa, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0 MPa, and preferably in the presence of hydrogen, preferably at a content between 0.5 and 3% by weight relative to the weight of the part of the second fraction feeding the hydrogenation step.

[0036] More particularly, the kerosene base described above can be obtained by a preparation process comprising, preferably consisting of:

[0037] a') optionally a pretreatment step of a C3 to C6 olefinic feedstock, preferably in C3 and / or C4, preferably implementing at least one adsorption section and / or one water washing section and / or one hydrotreatment section and / or one selective hydrogenation section;

[0038] a”) optionally a step of separation of the olefinic feedstock to separate at less partially the C5 and C6 compounds present in said olefinic feedstock;

[0039] a) an oligomerization step fed at least with the olefinic feedstock, optionally pretreated and / or separated, a first recycle and a second recycle, the first recycle preferably being in a weight ratio of between 0.3 and 1.5, preferably between 0.5 and 1.2, relative to the olefinic feedstock, and the second recycle preferably being in a weight ratio of between 0.5 and 10.0, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0 and preferably between 1.0 and 4.0, relative to the olefinic feedstock, said step a) being carried out in the presence of at least one oligomerization catalyst, preferably solid, in particular in the presence of silica-alumina, at a temperature preferably between 20 and 500°C, in particular between 20°C and 300°C, more particularly between 25 and 220°C, or even between 30°C and 200°C, at a pressure preferably between 1.0 and 10 MPa, in particular between 1.5 and 6.5 MPa, more particularly between 2.0 and 4.0 MPa,and a WH preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 h1, in particular between 1.5 and 6.5 MPa, more particularly between 0.2 and 0.3 h ', to produce a reaction effluent comprising dimers, trimers and oligomers; ,

[0040] b) a step of fractionating the reaction effluent obtained at the end of step a), into at least:

[0041] - a light fraction comprising at least a portion of the non-olefinic feedstock converted in step a);

[0042] - an intermediate fraction comprising at least a portion of the dimers and trimers products in step a); and

[0043] - a heavy fraction, comprising the oligomers present in the reaction effluent;

[0044] c) a recycle step, comprising: the preparation of a first recycle comprising, preferably consisting of, at least a portion of the light fraction from step b; the preparation of a second recycle comprising, preferably consisting of, at least a portion of the intermediate fraction from step b); and the transfer of the first recycle and the second recycle to the oligomerization step a);

[0045] d) a step of hydrogenation of at least a portion of the heavy fraction separated in step b) in the presence of hydrogen, to obtain a hydrogenated heavy fraction comprising at least one kerosene base;

[0046] e) optionally a step of separation of the hydrogenated heavy fraction, to separate at least said kerosene base according to the invention.

[0047] Very advantageously, the kerosene base according to the invention, thus defined and in particular at least partly biosourced, meets the specifications in force for kerosenes in particular for aviation, and more particularly the specifications of the ASTM D7566 standard and in particular those defined in Annex 5 of the ASTM D7566 standard. In particular, the kerosene base has a final boiling point less than or equal to 300°C and advantageously a temperature difference T90-T10 (difference between the boiling point allowing 10% of the tested product to be recovered and the boiling point allowing 90% of the tested product to be recovered) greater than or equal to 21°C, preferably greater than or equal to 40°C. In addition, the kerosene base according to the invention has a flash point advantageously greater than or equal to 38°C and a density at 15°C preferably between 730 and 770 kg / m3.Furthermore, the kerosene base according to the invention has a cold point (or freezing point according to English terminology) less than or equal to -40°C, in particular less than or equal to -50°C, more particularly less than or equal to -60°C, even more particularly less than or equal to -70°C, or even less than or equal to -80°C.

[0048] The present invention also relates to any composition comprising the kerosene base described above, preferably a composition comprising at least 5% by weight of said kerosene base, preferentially at least 10% by weight of the kerosene base, preferably at least 30% by weight of the kerosene base, very preferably at least 50% by weight of the kerosene base, and optionally preferably less than 90% by weight, more preferably less than 60% by weight of the kerosene base. Said composition comprises, in addition to the kerosene base, one or more product(s) bio-sourced kerosene(s) different from the kerosene base according to the invention and / or one or more kerosene product(s) of fossil origin (also called fossil kerosene product(s) or non-renewable kerosene product(s)), for example so-called aromatic kerosene products.

[0049] The present invention also relates to a process for preparing such a composition comprising mixing the kerosene base according to the invention with at least one kerosene product other than said kerosene base, in particular with a biosourced and / or fossil kerosene product, preferably in a proportion of the kerosene base of at least 5% by weight, preferably at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 30% by weight, very preferably at least 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.

[0050] Such compositions and their preparation processes have the advantage of being able to improve, advantageously in a simple manner, the cold properties of kerosene fuels, in particular intended for aviation applications, while maintaining the other characteristics and properties of kerosenes in the specifications in force. Another advantage of these compositions lies in the fact that they have a percentage of modern carbon (pMC) greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 10%, preferably greater than or equal to 25%, in particular greater than or equal to 50%. Thus, the prepared compositions, which comprise the kerosene base according to the invention, will be able to help airlines achieve the CO2 emission reduction targets set, in particular a reduction in CO2 emissions of 50% in 2050 compared to 2005 levels, and therefore achieve carbon neutrality.

[0051] The present invention thus also relates to the use of a composition as described above, as fuel for aircraft engines.

[0052] The following examples illustrate the invention, in particular particular embodiments of the invention, without limiting its scope. Examples Example 1 (in accordance with the invention)

[0053] A bio-sourced olefinic feedstock comprising 94.5% by weight of isobutene and 5.5% by weight of isobutane is oligomerized in the presence of a silica-alumina catalyst, at a temperature between 30 and 90°C, a pressure of 3.5 MPa and at a WH of 0.3 h1. The oligomerization reaction is carried out in three reactors in series, with an intermediate exchanger between each reactor. A portion of the hydrogenated finished product obtained after hydrogenation is recycled to the oligomerization stage, in order to control the exotherm in the reactors.

[0054] The reaction effluent obtained at the end of the oligomerization step is separated by distillation into:

[0055] - a C4- cut, comprising the unreacted charge and corresponding to approximately 7.1% weight of the reaction effluent, said C4- cut being entirely returned to the inlet of the oligomerization stage;

[0056] - a C5-140°C cut, corresponding to approximately 31.4% by weight of the reaction effluent and fully recycled at the input of the oligomerization stage, the weight ratio of the C5-140°C cut compared to the fresh, bio-sourced olefinic feedstock being equal to 2.0; and

[0057] - a 140-300°C cut, corresponding to approximately 61.5% by weight of the effluent reaction and which is sent to a hydrogenation stage.

[0058] The hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of a nickel catalyst on an alumina support, at 180°C under 3.0 MPa of hydrogen with a WH of 0.5 h 1 and a hydrogen flow rate of 50 NL / h.

[0059] The olefin rate observed after hydrogenation is very low (bromine number < 0.8 g / 100 g), i.e. a high hydrogenation rate.

[0060] The hydrogenation effluent thus obtained is then sent to a distillation section. At the end of this distillation section, a kerosene cut, with a distillation range of 140°C-300°C, is obtained: it corresponds to a kerosene base. The kerosene base obtained is analyzed; its characteristics and properties are presented in Table 1.

[0061] [Tables 1] Contents (in % by weight) of compounds in: Cll- C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17+ 0.9 85.7 10.7 2.7 C16 / C12 ratio (weight / weight) 0.12 Olefin content (in % by weight) < 1% Contents (in % by weight) of C12 and C16 isoparaffins 95.4 pMC 100% Distillation: Initial boiling point (°C) Final boiling point (°C) T90-T10 (°C) 168 282 42 Density at 15°C (kg / m3) 759 Flash point (°C) 42.5 Cold point (°C) -80°C

Claims

Claims

1. Kerosene base comprising at least 60.0% by weight of a mixture composed of C3n hydrocarbons, i.e. with (3 xn) carbon atoms, and C4n hydrocarbons, i.e. with (4 xn) carbon atoms, with n being a natural number chosen between 3 and 4, in which at least 80% by weight of the total weight of the kerosene base are iso-paraffins.

2. Kerosene base according to claim 1, comprising at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, of isoparaffins.

3. Kerosene base according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, preferentially at least 70% by weight, of multi-branched paraffins.

4. Kerosene base according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least 70.0% by weight, preferably at least 80.0% by weight, more preferably at least 90.0% by weight, of a mixture of C3n and C4n iso-paraffins.

5. Kerosene base according to the preceding claim, comprising at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, preferentially at least 70% by weight, of multi-branched C3n and C4n paraffins.

6. Kerosene base according to one of the preceding claims, having a C4n / C3n weight ratio between the C4n hydrocarbons relative to the C3n hydrocarbons is greater than or equal to 0.10 and preferably less than or equal to 1.1, preferably less than or equal to 0.9, preferably less than or equal to 0.

5.

7. Kerosene base according to one of the preceding claims, having an initial boiling point greater than or equal to 140°C.

8. Kerosene base according to one of the preceding claims, having a percentage of modern carbon (pMC) greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 50%, preferentially greater than or equal to 75%, in particular greater than or equal to 90%, or even greater than or equal to 100%.

9. Kerosene base according to one of the preceding claims, having a cold point less than or equal to -50°C, preferably less than or equal to -60°C, in particular less than or equal to -70°C, more particularly less than or equal to -80°C.

10. Composition comprising a kerosene base according to one of claims 1 to 9, preferably comprising at least 5% by weight of a kerosene base according to one of claims 1 to 9.

11. Composition according to the preceding claim, further comprising at least one bio-sourced kerosene product different from the kerosene base according to one of claims 1 to 9 and / or at least one fossil kerosene product.

12. A process for preparing a composition according to one of claims 10 and 11, comprising mixing a kerosene base according to one of claims 1 to 9 with at least one kerosene product other than said kerosene base.

13. Use of a composition according to one of claims 10 and 11, as fuel for aircraft engines.