Chaining system with thermal break

Abstract

A tie system (1) intended to allow a connection between first and second molded structural elements (10, 20), the tie system (1) comprising a plurality of reinforcing rods (11a, 11b), each intended to connect these first and second molded structural elements (10, 20) together. The tie system (1) comprises: - a layer of thermal insulating material (12) intended to extend between said first and second structural elements (10, 20); and - each of said reinforcing rods (11a, 11b) passes through said layer (12) and presents a first rod portion (P1) opposite a first side (C1) of the layer (12) to mechanically engage with said first structural element (10) and a second rod portion (P2) opposite a second side (C2) of the layer (12) to mechanically engage with said second structural element (20). FIGURE IN ABRIDGED DIAGRAM: Fig. 3e

Description

Title of the invention: Linking system with thermal break

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing works comprising first and second molded elements.

[0002] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] It is known to manufacture a structure, essentially of the building type, by molding first and second elements from concrete, these first and second molded elements being connected to each other by a chaining system.

[0004] Such a chaining system comprises a plurality of reinforcement rods, each intended to connect these first and second concrete molded structural elements together.

[0005] A chaining system has as its main purpose to provide a means of mechanical connection between the first and second molded elements of the structure.

[0006] To improve the thermal insulation of structures, it is known to apply thermal insulation to the interior or exterior walls of the structure.

[0007] It would be useful to provide a means of reducing thermal conduction through the work.

[0008] SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The invention relates in particular to providing a linking system designed to connect first and second molded structural elements and to limit thermal conduction between these first and second structural elements. Summary of the invention

[0010] To this end, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a chaining system intended to allow a connection between first and second molded structural elements, the chaining system comprising a plurality of reinforcement rods each intended to connect these first and second molded structural elements together.

[0011] The chaining system is essentially characterized in that it comprises:

[0012] - a layer of thermally insulating material intended to extend between said first and second elements of the work; and in that

[0013] - each of said reinforcing rods passes through said layer of material insulating and has a first portion of rod arranged opposite a first side of the layer of insulating material in order to be able to mechanically engage with said first molded structure element and a second portion of rod arranged opposite a second side of the layer of insulating material in order to be able to mechanically engage with said second molded structure element.

[0014] The chaining system according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it provides thermal insulation between the first and second structural elements, this which limits thermal bridges between these elements while ensuring a mechanical connection between these elements via each of the reinforcement rods of the plurality of rods.

[0015] Each second given portion of rod is arranged so that the second molded element can be overmolded against this second given portion.

[0016] According to a particular embodiment of the chaining system according to the invention, this chaining system comprises a plurality of sleeves, each of these sleeves extending inside said layer of thermal insulating material and on either side of said layer of thermal insulating material, each given reinforcing rod of said plurality of reinforcing rods passing through one of the sleeves of the plurality of sleeves which corresponds to it, each of the reinforcing rods being at least partially protected from corrosion by the sleeve which corresponds to it.

[0017] In this embodiment, the sleeves are preferably made of a polymer material and the reinforcing rods are preferably made of metal.

[0018] Each metal reinforcing rod is preferably made of steel. However, when compatible with the thermal and / or mechanical stresses that the reinforcement system must withstand, the reinforcing rods may be made of a composite material with a thermal conductivity lower than that of steel. Such a composite material could be formed of fibers such as glass, carbon, or boron fibers bonded together by a fiber binder, the binder being, for example, epoxy or vinyl ester (VE) resin.

[0019] In this particular embodiment with sleeves, each reinforcing rod is protected at its periphery against corrosion by a polymer sleeve, preferably overmolded onto the reinforcing rod. The polymer may be a thermoset or a thermoplastic.

[0020] Corrosion phenomena are favored by moisture which tends to accumulate along the surface of the layer of thermal insulating material and along the molded structural element against which this layer of insulation extends.

[0021] Thanks to the sleeves which extend on either side of the insulating material layer and within this layer, the reinforcing rods are at least partially protected against corrosion over a portion of the length of these rods which extends between the first and second structural elements.

[0022] Preferably, each of these sleeves is shaped to present:

[0023] - on the one hand, one of its ends which is arranged so as to be able to come into contact watertight either against the first structural element, or against a fixing piece (for example a plate) supporting screw sockets for the rods; and

[0024] - another of its ends which is positioned to penetrate in a watertight manner to the interior of the second structural element.

[0025] In this way, each sleeve provides protection for the stem corresponding to it over the entire portion of stem length formed between the first and second structural elements.

[0026] This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it allows the use of reinforcement rods formed in a corrosion-sensitive material, such as an inexpensive metal, while minimizing the risk of this corrosion.

[0027] Each sleeve has a length less than the length of the rod it protects in order to limit the protection to the area of ​​exposure to corrosion between the first and second structural elements.

[0028] The volume of polymer used for the manufacture of the sleeves is minimized by limiting the length of these sleeves to a maximum of 110% of the portion of the stem length extending between the first and second elements of the structure.

[0029] According to a second aspect of the invention, it relates to a structure comprising first and second molded structural elements and at least one linking system according to any one of the embodiments described in this patent application, this at least one system mechanically linking these first and second molded structural elements together.

[0030] The work thus obtained has the advantages conferred by the chaining system according to the invention, in this case a limitation of thermal bridges, an ease of construction and, where applicable, an increased resistance to corrosion of the reinforcement rods of the chaining.

[0031] The work is preferably a building comprising the first and second elements which must be thermally insulated from each other to limit thermal bridges between these elements.

[0032] Preferably, the first structural element is a wall and the second structural element is a floor or a wall which is at least partially supported by the first structural element.

[0033] According to a third aspect of the invention, it relates to a method for manufacturing a structure comprising first and second structural elements and a reinforcement system according to any one of the embodiments of the reinforcement system described in this patent application. According to this manufacturing method, the first structural element is molded around a first portion of the reinforcement system, then the layer of thermal insulation material of the reinforcement system is positioned opposite the first element thus molded before molding the second structural element around the second portions of the reinforcing rods of the plurality of reinforcing rods.

[0034] This process is economical to implement and makes it possible to obtain a work presenting the aforementioned advantages of the chaining system according to the invention.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of particular, non-limiting embodiments of the invention. Brief description of the drawings

[0036] Reference will be made to the attached drawings, among which:

[0037] [Fig-1] [Fig.1] is a perspective view of part of the chaining system 1 according to the invention (the insulating material layer not being shown) with a first detailed view of a threaded end liai of one of the reinforcing rods 1 of the system 1 and a second detailed view of one of the sockets 152a for screwing said threaded end liai into it, this socket 152a being placed in the first molded structural element 10 while the reinforcing rods are placed in the second molded structural element;

[0038] [Fig.2] the [Fig.2] another perspective view of the chaining system 1 of the [Fig.1], illustrating the plurality of sockets 152a around which will be molded the material constituting the essential part of the first element of the work;

[0039] [Fig.3a] [Fig.3a] is a perspective view of a mold Ml intended for molding the first structural element in which is placed a reinforcement 17 of the first structural element and a part of the chaining system according to the invention around which said first structural element is to be molded, this [Fig.3a] also illustrating two detail areas in perspective of the mold Ml and of the part of the chaining system according to the invention inserted in this mold Ml;

[0040] [Fig.3b] [Fig.3b] illustrates a step in the manufacturing process of the work according to the invention in which the first element of the work 10, essentially made of concrete, has been molded in the mold Ml, around the first part of the chaining system according to the invention previously inserted in this mold with the reinforcement 17 of the first element 10 (the part of the chaining system inserted in the mold is illustrated in [Fig.3a] which is a first step in the process according to the invention);

[0041] [Fig.3c] [Fig.3c] illustrates a second step of the process according to the invention in which at least a part of the mold M1 is removed so as to make accessible, from an external face of the first structural element 10, a support 15 for fixing the reinforcing rods in order to fix reinforcing rods thereon (it should be noted that the reinforcing rod fixing support 15 belongs to said part of the chaining system 1 according to the invention around which said first structural element was molded);

[0042] [Fig.3d] the [Fig.3d] illustrates the first element of the work 10 is the support 15 for fixing the reinforcement rods after removal from the mold Ml;

[0043] [Fig. 3e] [Fig. 3e] illustrates the first structural element 10, the support 15 for fixing the reinforcing rods after the installation of a mold M2 to mold the second structural element and before fixing the reinforcement rods lia, 11b in the support 15 and installation of the insulation layer 12;

[0044] [Fig.3f] the [Fig.3f] illustrates the first structural element 10 and the chaining system 1 according to the invention while the reinforcing rods of the plurality of reinforcing rods 1a, 11b are fixed on the rod support 15, these rods being in the mold M2 so that a moldable material can be poured into it to form the second structural element around portions of the reinforcing rods lia, 11b;

[0045] [Fig.3g] [Fig.3g] illustrates the first structural element 10 and the chaining system according to the invention with its layer of insulating material 12 also placed in the mold M2 intended for molding the second structural element 20;

[0046] [Fig.3h] [Fig.3h] illustrates the first and second structural elements linked together by the chaining system according to the invention, the mold M2 intended for molding the second structural element still being in place against the first and second structural elements 10, 20;

[0047] [Fig.3i] [Fig.3i] illustrates the work 0 according to the invention comprising the first and second work elements 10, 20 and the chaining system 1 according to the invention linking these work elements together;

[0048] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] illustrates the layer 12 of thermally insulating material which is here composed of a shell 125 formed of a first insulating material and a plate 124 formed of a second insulating material, the shell 125 having a function of protecting the plate 124 against deformations / shocks or moisture (when the material of the plate 124 is permeable to moisture, as is the case with rock wool, its protection against moisture allows to preserve its thermal insulation function);

[0049] [Fig.5] Fig.5 illustrates a partial cross-sectional view of the tie system 1 according to the invention (in a cutting plane in which extends a longitudinal axis of symmetry of one of the reinforcing rods lia) in an embodiment where the tie system 1 comprises a plurality of sockets and a fixing piece 151, in this case a flat plate 151, to support these sockets, each of the reinforcing rods 1la of the system 1 being protected by a sleeve 13a which corresponds to it over a part of its length which extends on either side and inside the layer of insulating material and each of the reinforcing rods 1la having one end screwed into a thread formed in a socket which corresponds to it to make fixed connections between the sockets which will be in the first structural element and the rods which will be taken in the second structural element;

[0050] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] illustrates a perspective view of a tie system 1 according to the invention in an embodiment where this system comprises curved reinforcing bars 16, each bar 16 coming around, on either side of a narrowed portion of one or more of the sockets to form an obstacle to its removal when this bar 16 is mechanically engaged in the first structural element;

[0051] [Fig.7a] [Fig.7a] illustrates a perspective view of the chaining system 1 according to the invention in a mode where it includes reinforcements 18, each reinforcement 18 passes through the layer of insulating material 12 and extends around one or more of the reinforcing rods to oppose rod bending in a bending plane vertical and perpendicular to the plane in which the plate 151 for fixing the sockets 152a, 152b extends;

[0052] [Fig.7b] [Fig.7b] illustrates the chaining system of [Fig.7a] while the layer of insulating material 12 was removed to show the shape of the reinforcements 18 and the connection between these reinforcements and reinforcing rods which we want to strengthen in bending;

[0053] [Fig.7c] [Fig.7c] illustrates the chaining system 1 according to the invention in a mode of particular realization where the sockets of the upper row are connected to each other via a bar 15b intended to extend fully inside the first structural element 10 to create a common anchorage for all the sockets of the upper row of sockets, the first structural element being overmolded on the bar 15b and on the sockets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] As indicated previously and illustrated by figures 1, 2, 3e, 3g, 3i, 5, 6, 7a and 7b, the invention relates in a first aspect to a chaining system 1 intended to allow a connection between first and second molded concrete structural elements 10, 20 in order to produce a structure 0.

[0055] In the present case, the structure 0 is a building, the first structural element 10 being a load-bearing wall and the second structural element 20 is a floor at least partially supported by the first structural element 10.

[0056] The tie system 1 comprises a plurality of reinforcing rods 1a, 11b, each intended to connect these first and second molded concrete structural elements 10, 20. The tie system is prefabricated and forms a module to achieve a predefined length of tie beam for the structure 0. The length of one tie system module is designed to be carried and installed manually by a single operator.

[0057] Thus, in the examples, each module has 8 reinforcing rods, but the number of these rods as well as their diameters or the shape of their sections can be chosen according to the type of chaining to be made (examples will be given later).

[0058] The linking system according to the invention also includes a layer of thermal insulating material 12 intended to extend between said first and second elements of work 10, 20 (ideally this layer 12 extends against the first and against the second element of work 12).

[0059] Each of said reinforcing rods 1 la, 11b passes through said layer of insulating material 10, 20 and has a first portion of rod PI arranged opposite a first side Cl of the layer of insulating material 12 in order to be able to mechanically engage with said first structural element 10 and a second portion of rod P2 arranged opposite a second side C2 of the layer of insulating material 12 in order to be able to mechanically engage with said second structural element 20.

[0060] The reinforcing rods are:

[0061] - on a first side Cl of the insulating material layer 12, mechanically bonded with the first structural element 10 via sockets 152a, 152b which are fixed in this structural element 10; and

[0062] - on a second side C2 of the insulating material layer 12, mechanically bonded with the second structural element 20 which is directly molded around the second portions P2 of these rods.

[0063] In this way the first and second elements 10 and 20 of the work 0 are connected to each other via the plurality of rods lia, 11b which pass through the layer of insulating material 12.

[0064] This chaining system 1 according to the invention is simple to implement and makes it possible to limit thermal bridges between the structural elements 10, 20 while ensuring a good mechanical connection between these elements 10, 20.

[0065] For the understanding of the invention, the term insulating material layer 12 means any block formed of one or more thermally insulating materials and having a thermal conductivity X through the block less than 0.2 W m-1 Kl, preferably less than 0.04 W m-1 Kl.

[0066] The chaining system may also include a plurality of sleeves 13a, 13b, each of these sleeves 13a, 13b extending inside said layer of thermal insulating material 12 and on either side of said layer of thermal insulating material.

[0067] Each given reinforcement rod lia, 11b passes through one of the sleeves 13a, 13b of the plurality of sleeves that corresponds to it.

[0068] Each of the reinforcement rods is thus at least partially protected from corrosion by the sleeve that corresponds to it.

[0069] The protection conferred by a given sleeve is located around a rod surrounded by this given sleeve and at the level of an interface zone between the inside and outside of the insulating material layer 12, that is to say at the place where the most severe corrosion conditions for the reinforcing rod are concentrated.

[0070] Therefore, reinforcing rods 1 la, 11b made of a corrosion-sensitive material can be used, the sleeves providing corrosion protection at a lower cost.

[0071] By limiting the use of the polymer sleeve 13a, 13b around a sensitive area of ​​the reinforcement rod lia, 11b, the volume of polymer used for the manufacture of the sleeve is reduced, which is particularly economical.

[0072] Preferably, each given reinforcing rod of said plurality of reinforcing rods lia, 11b passing through one of the sleeves 13a of the plurality of sleeves corresponding to it passes through this sleeve in a fluid-tight manner.

[0073] In other words, the passage formed along a given reinforcing rod through a given corresponding sleeve is sealed so as to prohibit the transfer of fluids along this reinforcing rod, between this rod and this sleeve.

[0074] Ideally, each sleeve 13a, 13b is molded, in this case overmolded, against and around the corresponding reinforcement rod lia, 11b.

[0075] A sleeve molded around a rod is particularly easy to manufacture while reinforcing the fluid seal between the sleeve and the rod.

[0076] Preferably, the anchoring system comprises compressible interfaces formed of an elastically deformable water-sealing material which are arranged to oppose the passage of water between each of the sleeves of the plurality of sleeves and the reinforcing rods which extend in these sleeves.

[0077] These compressible interfaces can be made using an elastic polymer sleeve arranged to clamp the stem and prevent water from passing between the stem and the sleeve and / or arranged to come against the socket and create, between the sleeve and the socket, a peripheral seal to the stem.

[0078] This sealing could also be achieved by placing a washer forming a seal around each reinforcement rod, each washer being clamped between a sleeve and a socket to oppose the passage of water towards the rod surrounded by the washer.

[0079] In a particular embodiment, the fastening piece 151 (this fastening piece is here in the form of a plate, but it could take other forms) could be made of an elastically deformable material, at least around the periphery of the reinforcing rods, to create a seal between each of these reinforcing rods and the fastening piece 151 by tightening the sleeves against the fastening piece. For example, the fastening piece 151 could have a surface made of rubber or foam that is compressible by the pressure of the sleeves.

[0080] By reducing the risk of water penetration towards the rod, the risk of corrosion or degradation of the chaining system is minimized and the durability of the structure is improved.

[0081] As illustrated in the cross-section of [Fig. 5], it is also possible to ensure that each sleeve comprises:

[0082] - on the one hand an annular chamfer 13al at one of its terminal ends of in order to facilitate the insertion of the sleeves 13a, 13b through the layer of insulating material 12; and

[0083] - on the other hand a shoulder 13a2 formed at one end of the annular chamfer for form a stop against said second side C2 of the insulating material layer 12.

[0084] In this way, the annular chamfers 13al facilitate the introduction and guidance of the sleeves 13a, 13b through the layer of insulating material 12 and once the shoulders 13a2 of the sleeves are opposite the second side C2 of the layer of insulating material, these shoulders then prevent the removal of the layer of insulating material 12.

[0085] This is particularly useful for facilitating the placement and fixing of the insulating material layer 12 along the reinforcement rods 1la, 11b.

[0086] It should be noted that to facilitate the installation of the reinforcing rods vis-à-vis the sockets 14a, 14b, the reinforcing rods 11a, 11b can be pre-positioned in the layer of insulating material 12 so that said portions of lengths P2 are in the layer of insulating material, these reinforcing rods then being substantially parallel to each other with a possibility of spacing / displacement of their threaded ends relative to each other.

[0087] In this way, the assembler can screw each given reinforcement rod lia, 11b into the corresponding socket 14a, 14b by adjusting the relative spacing between rods to facilitate this screwing.

[0088] Once all the rods lia, 11b are fixed onto the sockets 152a, 152b, the assembler can then push the layer of prefabricated insulating material until the sleeves 13a, 13b are all placed in this layer 12 and this layer is wedged between the shoulders 13a2 of the sleeves and the first structural element 10.

[0089] As illustrated in figures 3g and 3h, the reinforcing rods are then securely fixed to the first structural element 10 with their portions P2 parallel to each other and ready to be covered with the material poured into a mold M2 to form the second structural element 20.

[0090] As illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3a, 3e and 5 to 7b, it is also possible to ensure that the chaining system 1 includes at least one reinforcement rod support 15 lia, 11b intended to be mechanically engaged in the first structural element 10 by overmolding the first structural element 10 around and against each at least one reinforcement rod support 15.

[0091] Said at least one support 15 of reinforcing rod being here assembled with at least one of said reinforcing rods lia, 11b of the plurality of reinforcing rods by a mechanical connection of the fixed connection type.

[0092] Thus, each at least one reinforcement rod fixing support 15 supports at least one reinforcement rod lia, 11b of the plurality of rods via the mechanical connection of the type fixed connection and this at least one reinforcement rod fixing support forms a fixing interface of this at least one reinforcement rod vis-à-vis the first concrete molded structural element 10 when this at least one fixing support 15 is mechanically engaged in the first structural element 10.

[0093] The overall quality of the anchorage of the reinforcing rods in the first structural element 10 is thus improved because the anchorage is better distributed there via a support 15 common to at least some of the reinforcing rods 11a, 11b and sockets 152a, 152b.

[0094] Preferably, to improve the quality of positioning of the reinforcing rods relative to each other and to homogenize the anchorage stresses, the reinforcing rods lia, 11b of the plurality of reinforcing rods are all fixed to said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 via a plurality of mechanical connections of the fixed connection type.

[0095] Preferably, each mechanical connection of the fixed-connection type between a given reinforcing rod lia, 11b of the plurality of reinforcing rods and said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 is formed by screwing a threaded end 1 lal of this given reinforcing rod 1 la, 11b into a tapped bore 15a corresponding to this given reinforcing rod which is formed in said at least one reinforcing rod support 15.

[0096] Preferably, as illustrated in Figures 1, 3e and 5, each reinforcing rod 1la, 11b has an externally threaded end 1lal and said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 has a plurality of tapped bores 15a which are oriented to open out towards the first side Cl of the insulating material layer 12. Each mechanical connection of the fixed-connection type between a given reinforcing rod and said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 is made by screwing a threaded end of this given reinforcing rod into one of the tapped bores of the reinforcing rod support 15.

[0097] Preferably, each sleeve 13a, 13b through which a reinforcing rod lia, 11b extends until it comes into contact against said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 with which this reinforcing rod is assembled.

[0098] In this way, when the reinforcing rod is properly assembled with the support 15, no portion of the rod is visible between this sleeve and the support 15. The sleeve constitutes a visual indicator of the correct assembly of the rod with its support 15.

[0099] Preferably, the reinforcement support 15 comprises on the one hand a fixing piece 151 intended to extend against an internal face Fl of a mold Ml intended for molding the first structural element 10 and on the other hand a plurality of sockets 152a, 152b assembled on this fixing piece 151.

[0100] Each mechanical connection of the fixed connection type is formed inside one of the sockets 152a, 152b of the plurality of sockets.

[0101] Preferably, each mechanical connection of the fixed-joint type which is formed inside one of the sockets 152a, 152b of the plurality of sockets is a reversible mechanical connection.

[0102] In this way, it is possible to demonstrate a reinforcement rod in order, for example, to reposition it or to facilitate access to an area of ​​the tie system before molding the second structural element.

[0103] Preferably, the reversible mechanical link is a screw-nut link formed between a threaded end of the reinforcing rod and the reinforcing rod support.

[0104] These sockets 152a, 152b can be assembled onto the fastener 151 by screwing, gluing, clipping, or welding; these assemblies may be reversible or irreversible. Alternatively, the fastener 151 and the sockets could be part of a single molded unit.

[0105] A reversible assembly is for example useful in embodiments in which the sockets and / or rods and / or the fixing piece 151 have to be removed or repositioned.

[0106] Depending on the case, the fastening piece 151 may be made of sheet metal, polymer material, or composite material (a composite material could, for example, contain glass or carbon fibers and a binder for these fibers). This fastening piece 151 has a flat face for extending against an internal surface of the mold M1.

[0107] This part 151 can be in the form of a flat plate or in the form of a lattice.

[0108] This part 151 can be metallic or made of polymer material and can be obtained by cutting or molding.

[0109] The fixing piece 151 can be overmolded around the bushings to facilitate the assembly of these bushings and ensure positioning accuracy.

[0110] The sockets carried by the fixing piece 151 are preferably arranged in an orthonormal manner, that is to say with a regular pitch between the sockets in a support plane of the sockets common to all these sockets.

[0111] The fastening part 151 may also have localized recesses formed between the bushings to limit the amount of material used in the part 151.

[0112] In a particular embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 7c], the reinforcement support 15 may include a 15b socket support bar passing through several sockets of said plurality of sockets (preferably the sockets of the upper row), this bar 15b being set back from a support plane common to all the sockets. This support plane common to all the sockets is either a support plane against the fixing piece 151 or a support plane intended to come against an internal face of the mold M1 for the molding of the first structural element 10. Thus, the first structural element can be overmolded against and around the bar 15b and against the fixing piece 151.

[0113] As illustrated in [Fig.5], the plate-shaped fixing piece 151 may have several perforations 151a and each socket 152a, 152b may have a shoulder 152al of complementary shape to any one of these perforations 151a in order to be able to center / fit into it.

[0114] Each perforation 15la of the fixing plate 151 may also have a complementary thread of threads formed on the bushings 152a, 152b to allow the bushings to be screwed into the perforations 151a of the fixing plate 151.

[0115] Generally, the sockets are positioned relative to each other by the fixing piece 151 which supports them and each socket 152a, 152b serves to locate one of the mechanical connections of the fixed connection type between a reinforcement rod lia, 11b and the reinforcement support 15.

[0116] This is very advantageous because the positioning of the fixing piece 151 against an internal face Fl of a peripheral wall of the mold Ml allows all the sockets to be positioned simultaneously inside the mold Ml and the anchoring locations of the work to be precisely defined.

[0117] As illustrated in Figures 3a to 3e and 5, the fixing piece 151 and the bushings 152a, 152b are preferably arranged so that the tapped bores of the bushings 152a, 152b open out facing the internal face Fl of the mold Ml when the fixing piece is positioned against this face Fl.

[0118] After molding the first structural element 10, all the bushings 152a, 152b are mechanically engaged inside the first element 10 and it is sufficient to remove the mold Ml ([Fig.3c], 3d and 3e) to have access to the threaded bores of the bushings which open onto the external surface of the first structural element 10.

[0119] It is then possible to screw the threaded ends of the reinforcing rods into the sockets anchored in the first structural element, these sockets and the rods being thus precisely oriented and spaced (see figures 3e, 3f, 3g).

[0120] The layer of insulating material through which the reinforcement rods pass is thus precisely positioned since it can bear against all the sockets and / or against the fixing piece 151 of the sockets and / or against a bearing surface of this fixing piece on the first structural element 10.

[0121] Once these reinforcing rods and the layer of insulating material are positioned, the second structural element 20 can be molded against the layer of insulating material 12 and around the second portions P2 of the rods lia, 11b so as to anchor them securely in the second concrete structural element 20 (see figures 3g, 3h, 3i).

[0122] For this purpose a mold M2 of the second structural element 20 is formed around the second portions P2 of the reinforcement rods lia, 11b and concrete is poured into this mold M2 all around these second portions P2 (See [Fig.3h]).

[0123] After solidification of the molded structural elements 10, 20, the molds M1, M2 can be removed (See [Fig.3i]).

[0124] These elements 10, 20 are then connected to each other by the chaining system 1 according to the invention, the resulting chaining being very precise, mechanically resistant and thermally insulating (since it limits the thermal bridges between the elements 10, 20).

[0125] As illustrated in [Fig.3a], the first structural element 10 has its own reinforcement 17, this reinforcement 17 comprising metal reinforcing bars and possibly a metal mesh.

[0126] The reinforcements 17 of the first element 10 are essentially made up of straight reinforcing bars which extend longitudinally in planes parallel to a principal extension plane of the fixing piece of the reinforcement support. This principal extension plane is the principal plane of the plate 151.

[0127] The reinforcing rods 1la, 11b of the tie system 1 extend lengthwise in planes which are perpendicular to said principal extension plane of the fixing piece 151 of the reinforcing rod support 15.

[0128] Similarly, the second structural element 20 has its own reinforcement, this reinforcement comprising metal reinforcing bars and / or a metal mesh. For the sake of simplicity in the figures, this reinforcement of the second element 20 is not shown.

[0129] The reinforcement of the second structural element 20 is essentially made up of straight reinforcing bars which extend longitudinally in planes perpendicular to the extension plane of the fixing piece 151 of the support 15 of the reinforcing rod lia, 11b.

[0130] In particular embodiments, the fixing piece 151 may be provided with magnetic fixing elements intended to be fixed against an internal surface of the mold Ml intended for molding the first work element 10.

[0131] Alternatively, the fixing piece 151 can be provided with bonding fixing elements intended to be fixed against an internal surface Fl of mold Ml intended for molding the first work element 10.

[0132] Preferably, this fixing piece 151 has a pre-glued area intended to come into contact against the internal surface Fl of the mold Ml in which the first concrete structure element 10 is to be molded.

[0133] This pre-glued area is preferably preserved by a removable film until the moment when this fixing piece 151 is glued against the internal surface Fl of the mold Ml via the glued area.

[0134] Preferably, as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6, each socket 152a, 152b of the plurality of sockets has a shape that flares outwards from said fixing piece 151 on which these sockets 152a, 152b are assembled.

[0135] The flared shape allows for improved mechanical anchoring quality between each socket and the first molded structural element.

[0136] Preferably, each socket 152a, 152b is a form of revolution whose axis of revolution coincides with a screw axis of the reinforcement rod in the socket and its cross-section is flared in a V or T shape to form said flared shape of the socket.

[0137] As seen in Figures 1, 2, 3f, 6 to 7b, some of the sockets 152a of the plurality of sockets are aligned with each other to form an upper row of sockets and in which some sockets 152b of the plurality of sockets are aligned with each other to form a lower row of sockets distinct from said upper row of sockets, these upper and lower rows being parallel to each other.

[0138] This increases the pull-out resistance of the anchoring system 1 vis-à-vis the first structural element 10.

[0139] The upper row 152a sockets have respective lengths which are preferably greater than the respective lengths of the lower row 152b sockets.

[0140] In this way, the anchoring depth of the upper row sockets is greater than the anchoring depth of the lower row sockets.

[0141] The mechanical bonding forces between the chaining system 1 and the first structural element 10 are thus better distributed, which increases the mechanical resistance of the bond.

[0142] According to a particular embodiment illustrated in [Fig.6], the chaining system 1 can comprise a plurality of curved reinforcing bars 16, each curved reinforcing bar 16 passing around at least one given socket 152a, 152b of the plurality of sockets and forming a stop opposing a displacement of this given socket in a direction of movement from this given socket towards the fixing piece 151.

[0143] Each curved reinforcing bar 16 is thus taken with the sockets 152a, 152b in the concrete of the first structural element 10 to form an obstacle to pull-out.

[0144] It should be noted that each reinforcing bar 16 can be fixed to a metal reinforcement 17 belonging to the first structural element 10 in order to increase the pull-out resistance of the bars 16 and the sockets.

[0145] DESCRIPTION RELATING TO THE REINFORCEMENT RODS USABLE IN THE CHAINNING SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION.

[0146] In the example illustrated in figures 1 to 7b, the reinforcing rods of the plurality of rods are made of oxidizable steel and are in the form of solid cylindrical bars with a diameter of 12 mm.

[0147] The reinforcing rods could also be made of a composite material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of steel and be solid or hollow.

[0148] It may be advantageous for at least some of these reinforcing rods to be hollow and tubular.

[0149] In this case, each hollow tubular reinforcement rod preferably has an annular cross-section having an internal cylindrical surface of diameter d and an external cylindrical surface of diameter D.

[0150] This annular section is particularly interesting because it exhibits a significant and uniform second moment of area in all directions of the cross-section plane.

[0151] In this case the second moment of area in bending of this rod with annular section is: Ix = (ji / 64)*(D4 - d4 ).

[0152] This ring-shaped reinforcing rod always has a threaded end for screwing onto its corresponding sleeve. The threaded ends of tubular reinforcing rods can be formed on the outside of the reinforcing rods, and in this case the sleeves have complementary internal threads, as illustrated in the figures.

[0153] Alternatively, the threaded ends of the tubular reinforcing rods can be formed inside the rods and in this case the bushings may have additional external threads.

[0154] Some at least of said hollow tubular reinforcement rods contain a thermally insulating core, each thermally insulating core being disposed in a hollow area of ​​a hollow tubular rod.

[0155] Preferably, each hollow, tubular reinforcement rod is provided with a thermally insulating core disposed in the hollow area of ​​the rod to limit thermal bridging through the rod. For example, the thermally insulating core may be formed by expanding a polymer foam in the hollow area of ​​the stem or by inserting a pre-cut insulating block.

[0156] Whether these reinforcing rods are solid or hollow, they preferably have an external surface with asperities or reliefs to improve adhesion with the concrete. Typically, these asperities or reliefs have a depth or height greater than 1 mm.

[0157] DESCRIPTION OF THE INSULATING MATERIAL LAYER 12.

[0158] The insulating material layer may consist of one or more materials forming a thermally insulating block. An insulating material may be selected from the list of materials consisting of mineral fibers such as rock wool, polymers such as polyurethane foam, plant fibers such as wood fibers, miscanthus, hemp, shives, flax, bamboo, and a mixture of at least some of these materials.

[0159] In the embodiment illustrated in figures 3g and 4, the insulating material layer 12 is integrated into a shell 125.

[0160] This shell 125 limits the migration of moisture towards a moisture-sensitive insulator which is placed in the shell.

[0161] This shell also limits the risk of settling of the insulating material found in the shell.

[0162] This shell 125 can be formed of two half-shells 121, 122 arranged to be assembled against each other and to define a receiving area for insulating material in the shell 125.

[0163] The assembly of the half-shells 121, 122 is preferably carried out via complementary sockets 123 formed on the half-shells.

[0164] As illustrated in [Fig.4], the sockets 123 consist of male and female tabs which extend along the edge of each of the half-shells 121, 122 and are complementary for fitting together.

[0165] As can be understood from figures 4 and 5, the insulating material layer 12 can be essentially parallelepiped in shape with four longitudinal sides perpendicular to each other, two of these sides opposite and parallel to each other form said first and second sides Cl, C2 of the insulating material layer 12 and two other of these sides parallel to each other form upper and lower sides of the layer 12.

[0166] Side Cl is intended to be opposite the first element of the work 10 and side C2 is intended to be opposite the second element of the work 20.

[0167] Ideally, a thermal insulation plate 124 is placed in the shell 125.

[0168] This plate 124 is preferably made of a thermally insulating material selected to have a thermal conductivity X of less than 0.04 W m-1 Kl.

[0169] In order to create a fire barrier at the interface between the first and second structural elements 10, 20, the insulating material layer 12 is preferably made of at least one thermally selected insulating material to be fireproof, such as rock wool.

[0170] When the plate 124 is fireproof, it is possible that the shell 125 is made of another insulating material which is not necessarily fireproof.

[0171] Alternatively, the shell 125 could be made of fire-resistant insulating material and in this case the plate 124 could be made of an expanded insulating material, not necessarily fire-resistant, such as polyurethane foam or polystyrene.

[0172] It should be noted that the plate 124 can be prefabricated to form a rigid block placed in the shell 125 or alternatively the plate 124 can be formed by injecting foam in expansive insulating material inside the shell 125, this injection being able to be done either upstream of the site, or directly on the site after inserting the reinforcement rods through the shell 125.

[0173] The advantage of having a shell made of thermally insulating and fireproof material into which an expansive insulating material is injected directly on site is to obtain continuous insulation between several aligned shells while having a fireproof break between the structural elements 10, 20.

[0174] In the case where the plate 124 is prefabricated, it may have upper and lower sides having respectively upper and lower longitudinal grooves 124a, 124b parallel to each other.

[0175] The half-shells 121, 122 may also have internal bosses oriented towards an internal space of the shell 125 to come into said upper and lower longitudinal grooves 124a, 124b of the plate 124 in order to wedge it in the shell while eliminating any empty space between the plate 124 and the shell 125.

[0176] In the illustrated case, the half-shells 121, 122 are extruded profiles.

[0177] Perforations are preferably provided through these half-shells 121, 122 and the plate 124 to allow the passage / guidance of the reinforcement rods 1 la, 1 le through the shell.

[0178] At least some of these perforations 120 may have radial slots to obtain a radial elastic clamping effect around the reinforcing rods that pass through these perforations 120. These radial slots are preferably formed on the side C2 of the layer 12 intended to be opposite the second structural element 20.

[0179] It is also conceivable that the plate 124 is extruded directly inside the shell 125, this shell 125 being a hollow one-piece profile to contain the plate 124.

[0180] It is also conceivable that the plate 124 is pre-formed, for example a pre-formed rock wool plate, the shell 125 being directly extruded around the plate 124, this shell 125 then being monobloc.

[0181] DESCRIPTION OF THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE FIXING PIECE 151, THE SOCKETS 152a, 152b AND THE REINFORCEMENT RODS 11a, 11b.

[0182] As illustrated in [Fig.5], the fixing piece 151 which supports the bushings 152a, 152b and the sleeves 13a are preferably shaped so that each given sleeve 13a can penetrate the piece 151, here in the form of a plate, until it comes to rest against a stop limiting the advance of the given sleeve through the piece 151.

[0183] Here, each given sleeve rests against the bottom of a corresponding counterbore which is formed in the plate 151.

[0184] The fastener 151 and the sockets of the plurality of sockets 152a, 152b are preferably shaped so that each given socket can penetrate the plate 151 until it bears against a stop 152al, limiting the advance of the given socket through the plate. Here, each given socket bears against the bottom of a corresponding counterbore formed in the thickness of the plate 151.

[0185] Preferably, each given socket is screwed into the plate 151, via an external thread of that given socket and a corresponding tapping formed in the plate.

[0186] As can be seen in [Fig.5], the part 151 supporting the bushings has an essentially flat shape with protrusions oriented towards the bushings and the bores receiving the bushings are created in these protrusions.

[0187] These protrusions make it possible to limit the overall thickness of the plate (to minimize the amount of material needed to manufacture the plate) while providing a large screwing area for the sockets and increasing the contact area against the first molded work element 10.

[0188] Preferably, the stops of part 151 against which the bushings come to rest extend in a first plane formed in the thickness of part 151 and the stops of part 151 against which the sleeves 13a come to rest extend in a second plane formed in the thickness of part 151, these first and second planes being far apart to prevent the bushings from coming to rest against the sleeves and to promote clamping of part 151 between the bushings and the sleeves carried by the reinforcement rods.

[0189] This compression of the sleeve 13a against the part 151 promotes water tightness between the sleeve and the part 151 which limits the risk of corrosion of the rods lia, 11b at the interface between the first structural element 10 and the insulating material layer 12.

[0190] The tie system according to the invention may also include reinforcements 18 opposing the bending of at least some of said reinforcing rods. Such reinforcements are illustrated, for example, in Figures 7a and 7b.

[0191] Each of these reinforcements 18 passes through said layer of insulating material 12 to oppose the bending of at least one given reinforcing rod.

[0192] For this purpose, this reinforcement 18 rests against the fixing piece 151 of the socket support while surrounding, via a tubular part of the reinforcement 18, a portion of the length of the reinforcement rod to be reinforced.

[0193] Preferably, this tubular reinforcing part 18 rests against the sleeve surrounding this reinforcing rod, but it is also possible that it rests directly against the reinforcing rod.

[0194] These reinforcements 18 are preferably made of steel.

[0195] Such reinforcements are illustrated in figures 7a and 7b.

[0196] Each of these reinforcements comprises two tubular parts connected to each other by a web, these reinforcements having an S shape.

[0197] Each reinforcement 18 is a single piece which can be made of metal, here steel or a composite material containing glass or carbon fibers and a binder for these fibers.

[0198] Each of these reinforcements has an upper tubular part intended to surround a portion of one of the reinforcing rods of the upper row and a lower tubular part intended to surround a portion of one of the reinforcing rods of the lower row, the web connecting these tubular parts is in planar support against part 151 and passes through the thermal insulation.

[0199] Each of these reinforcements 18 helps to maintain parallelism between reinforcement rods of the upper and lower rows.

[0200] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a structure 0 comprising first and second structure elements 10, 20 and a chaining system 1 according to the invention, in which the first structure element 10 is molded around a first part of the chaining system 1, then the layer of thermal insulating material 12 of the chaining system 1 is positioned opposite the first element 10 thus molded before carrying out the molding of the second structure element around the second portions P2 of the reinforcing rods lia, 11b of the plurality of reinforcing rods.

[0201] Preferably, said first part of the chaining system around which said first structural element 10 is molded includes said at least one reinforcement rod support 15.

[0202] The reinforcing rods 1la, 11b of the plurality of rods are assembled with said at least one reinforcing rod support 15 after molding said first work element 10 around said at least one reinforcing rod support 15.

[0203] This process according to the invention is particularly advantageous because it allows the first structural element 10 to be molded while the reinforcing rods 1la, 11b are not yet fixed to the reinforcing rod support 15, which simplifies the molding operation.

[0204] Thanks to this process, the mold Ml in which the first structural element 10 is molded does not require special passages for the exit of the reinforcing rods 1la, 11b out of the mold, these rods being put in place after molding of the structural element 10 and removal of this mold Ml.

[0205] Furthermore, thanks to the process according to the invention, it is not necessary to use holding boxes containing portions of the rods to be preserved from molding in the mold Ml.

[0206] This avoids having to bend / unbend the preserved portions of the reinforcement rods to place them in waiting boxes.

[0207] These bending / unbending operations of the reinforcement rods would involve a risk of weakening the rods by work hardening.

[0208] The reinforcing rods put in place according to the process of the invention are fixed, after hardening and demolding of the first structural element 10, by assembly on the reinforcing rod support 15 which is mechanically engaged in the first structural element 10.

[0209] As these reinforcing rods are not bent, they retain all their mechanical characteristics.

[0210] The process according to the invention also allows for a saving of time during the molding operations and a gain in the precision of positioning of the reinforcement rods lia, 11b in the structure.

[0211] Preferably, said first part of the chaining system 1 around which said first element of work 10 is molded comprises said plurality of sockets 152a, 152b assembled on the fixing piece 151.

[0212] It should be noted that in a particular embodiment, this part 151 can be provided to be removed after molding of the first structural element in order to be reused for the manufacture of another chain (however, this requires management of the fixing parts 151 and a need for cleaning and application of release grease).

[0213] Preferably, this fixing piece 151 is intended to remain in the structure 0 and it provides a sealing function around the reinforcing rods in order to limit the risks of corrosion of the rods.

[0214] Preferably the layer of thermal insulating material 12 which is positioned opposite the first element 10 is formed by at least one block of prefabricated insulating material having perforations 120 for the passage of reinforcement rods 1la, 11b through this layer 12.

[0215] These perforations 120 are preferably spaced apart from each other with a spacing step equal to a spacing step between the reinforcing rods of the plurality of reinforcing rods, this step being constant over the length of the chaining system.

[0216] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described but encompasses any variant falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

[0217] In particular, in a specific embodiment of the chaining system according to the invention, this system might not include a part 151 to support the bushings of the plurality of bushings. In this specific embodiment, each bushing of the plurality of bushings could be directly fixed against the inner surface of the mold via an assembly element specific to each bushing, such as a gluing or magnetizing element for the bushing. This embodiment is not preferred because it can generate positioning errors of the bushings relative to each other.

[0218] To facilitate the transport of the reinforcement system according to the invention, the reinforcing rods 11a, 11b are preferably transported with the insulating material layer 12 but outside of this layer, against one of its longitudinal faces. In this embodiment, the shell 125 of the insulating material layer 12 may have clamping tabs adapted to clamp and support the reinforcing rods 11a, 11b against the shell parallel to a longitudinal direction of the layer 12.

Claims

Demands

1. A tie system (1) intended to allow a connection between first and second molded structural elements (10, 20), the tie system (1) comprising a plurality of reinforcing rods (1a, 11b), each intended to connect these first and second molded structural elements (10, 20), characterized in that it comprises: - a layer of thermal insulating material (12) intended to extend between said first and second structural elements (10, 20); and in that - each of said reinforcing rods (1a,11b) passes through said insulating material layer (12) and has a first rod portion (PI) arranged opposite a first side (Cl) of the insulating material layer (12) so as to be able to mechanically engage with said first molded structural element (10) and a second rod portion (P2) arranged opposite a second side (C2) of the insulating material layer (12) so as to be able to mechanically engage with said second molded structural element (20), the tie system (1) comprising at least one reinforcement rod support (15) (lia, 11b) intended to be mechanically engaged in the first structural element (10), said at least one reinforcement rod support (15) being assembled with at least one of said reinforcement rods (lia, 11b) of the plurality of reinforcement rods by a mechanical connection of the fixed-end type connection,the reinforcement support (15) comprising on the one hand a fixing piece (151) intended to extend against an internal face (Fl) of a mold (Ml) intended for molding the first structural element (10) and on the other hand a plurality of sockets (152a, 152b) assembled on this fixing piece (151), each mechanical connection of the fixed-joint type being formed inside one of the sockets (152a, 152b) of the plurality of sockets and in which each socket (152a, 152b) of the plurality of sockets has a shape that flares outwards from said fixing piece (151) on which these sockets (152a, 152b) are assembled.

2. A linking system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of sleeves (13a, 13b), each of these sleeves (13a, 13b) extending within said layer of thermal insulating material (12) and on both sides of said layer of material thermal insulation, each given reinforcing rod (lia, 11b) of said plurality of reinforcing rods passing through one of the sleeves (13a, 13b) of the plurality of sleeves corresponding to it, each of the reinforcing rods being at least partially protected from corrosion by the sleeve corresponding to it.

3. A chaining system according to claim 2, wherein each given reinforcing rod of said plurality of reinforcing rods passing through one of the sleeves of the plurality of sleeves corresponding to it passes through that sleeve in a fluid-tight manner.

4. A chaining system according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein each sleeve (13a, 13b) is molded around the corresponding reinforcing rod (lia, 11b).

5. A linking system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, in which each sleeve comprises: - on the one hand an annular chamfer at one of its terminal ends so as to facilitate the insertion of the sleeves (13a, 13b) through the layer of insulating material (12); and - on the other hand a shoulder formed at one end of the annular chamfer to form a stop bearing against said second side (C2) of the layer of insulating material (12).

6. A tie system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reinforcing rods (1a, 11b) of the plurality of reinforcing rods are all fixed to said at least one reinforcing rod support (15) via a plurality of mechanical connections of the type fixed connections.

7. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein each mechanical connection of the fixed-connection type between a given reinforcing rod (lia, 11b) of the plurality of reinforcing rods and said at least one reinforcing rod support (15) is formed by screwing a threaded end (liai) of this given reinforcing rod (lia, 11b) into a tapped bore (15a) corresponding to this given reinforcing rod which is formed in said at least one reinforcing rod support (15).

8. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reinforcement support (15) comprises a socket support bar (15b) passing through several sockets, this support bar (15b) being placed inset from a bearing plane common to all the sockets.

9. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fixing piece is a piece having magnetic fixing elements intended to be fixed against an internal mold surface (Ml) intended for molding the first work element (10).

10. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fixing piece (151) is a piece having bonding fixing elements intended to be fixed against an internal surface (Fl) of a mold (Ml) intended for molding the first element of the work.

11. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein some of the sockets (152a) of the plurality of sockets are aligned with each other to form an upper row of sockets and wherein some sockets (152b) of the plurality of sockets are aligned with each other to form a lower row of sockets distinct from said upper row of sockets, these upper and lower rows being parallel to each other.

12. A chaining system according to claim 11, wherein the sockets (152a) of the upper row have respective lengths which are greater than the respective lengths of the sockets (152b) of the lower row.

13. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, also comprising a plurality of curved reinforcing bars (16), each curved reinforcing bar (16) passing around at least one given socket (152a, 152b) of the plurality of sockets and forming a stop opposing a displacement of this given socket in a direction of movement from this given socket towards the fixing piece (151).

14. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 13 combined with claim 2, wherein each sleeve (13a, 13b) through which a reinforcing rod (11a, 11b) passes extends until it comes into contact with said at least one reinforcing rod support (15) with which this reinforcing rod is assembled.

15. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 14 combined with claim 2, wherein compressible interfaces formed of an elastically deformable water-sealing material are arranged to oppose the passage water between each of the sleeves of the plurality of sleeves and the reinforcement rods that extend into these sleeves.

16. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein at least some of the reinforcing rods are hollow and tubular.

17. A chaining system according to claim 16, in at least some of said hollow tubular reinforcing rods contain a thermally insulating core, each thermally insulating core being disposed in a hollow area of ​​a hollow tubular rod.

18. A chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein each of the reinforcing rods of the plurality of reinforcing rods is made of a composite material formed of fibers and a binder of these fibers.

19. Work comprising first and second molded work elements and a linking system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, this system mechanically linking these first and second molded work elements (10, 20).

20. Method of manufacturing a structure comprising first and second structural elements (10, 20) and a chaining system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first structural element (10) is molded around a first part of the chaining system, then the layer of thermal insulating material of the chaining system is positioned opposite the first element thus molded before carrying out the molding of the second structural element around the second portions (P2) of the reinforcing rods (11a, 11b) of the plurality of reinforcing rods.

21. A method of manufacturing a work according to claim 20 comprising the tying system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein said first part of the tying system around which said first work element (10) is molded comprises said at least one rebar support (15) and the rebars (1a, 11b) of the plurality of rods being assembled with said at least one rebar support (15) after molding said first work element (10) around said at least one rebar support (15).

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