ADJUVANT AND ACTIVE INGREDIENT FOR PHYTOSANITARY FORMULATIONS AND PHYTOSANITARY FORMULATIONS

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of a hydrocarbon fluid as an adjuvant and / or as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation comprising one or more surfactants, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301B standard and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C.

Description

Title of the invention: ADJUVANT AND ACTIVE INGREDIENT FOR PHYTOSANITARY FORMULATIONS AND PHYTOSANITARY FORMULATIONS TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates to an adjuvant of biosourced origin for phytosanitary formulations as well as an active ingredient of biosourced origin for phytosanitary formulations. The invention also relates to a phytosanitary formulation comprising said adjuvant of biosourced origin or said active ingredient of biosourced origin. The invention also relates to the use of this phytosanitary formulation as a herbicide and / or insecticide and / or acaricide and / or fungicide and / or biostimulant. STATE OF THE ART

[0002] It is known to use phytosanitary formulations to ensure crop protection, these formulations being able to fulfill the role of fungicide or insecticide but also of fertilizer. They are generally sprayed on crops in the form of a solution in water or water / oil or oil / water emulsions, in the presence of surfactant additives.

[0003] For a long time, petroleum-based oils emulsified in water have been sprayed on crops for insecticidal purposes. Properly prepared, such oils can affect fungi and parasites while having no negative effect on plant development. Among conventional refined oils, obtained from crude oil and / or distillates from refining, by solvent extraction or by hydrotreatment of base oils, the manufacturer will choose those which are the least toxic but the most effective, for example against insects and / or fungal attacks. It has thus been found that the more the oil manufactured is paraffinic, that is to say, it comprises compounds with a saturated, linear or branched carbon chain, the more effective it is against insects and the less it is phytotoxic for plants.

[0004] To optimize field applications, end users need certain supplements to improve the performance of active ingredients at the time of application. These supplements are adjuvants. The functions of these adjuvants are to reduce drift, improve spray quality, increase leaching resistance, improve tissue penetration, among others, and allow for the integration of an economic and environmental component by reducing pesticide consumption.

[0005] The paraffinic oils of the state of the art are oils of petroleum origin not easily biodegradable.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is to provide a bio-sourced hydrocarbon fluid, easily biodegradable, as an adjuvant or active ingredient for phytosanitary formulation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The invention relates to the use of a hydrocarbon fluid as an adjuvant and / or as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation comprising one or more surfactants, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301B standard and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C.

[0008] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises:

[0009] - from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight of one or more surfactants,

[0010] - from 80 to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 85 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 98% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0011] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0012] Preferably, the surfactant(s) are chosen from alkoxylated acids, sorbitan esters, alkoxylated alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid:

[0014] - at least 85% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 90% by weight, of preferably still at least 95% by weight, and / or

[0015] - at most 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably at most 10% by weight, preferably still at most 5% by weight, and / or

[0016] - at most 1% by weight of naphthenes, and / or

[0017] - less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid has:

[0019] - a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, or greater than or equal to 130°C according to ASTM D93 standard, and / or

[0020] - a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably in less than or equal to 4 cSt, and / or

[0021] - a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least less than 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon fluid,

[0022] - a difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C, preferably 20°C to 50°C.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid:

[0024] - from 5 to 15% by weight of Cl5 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of isoparaffins in C16, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of Cl8 isoparaffins, or

[0025] - from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of Cl8 isoparaffins.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or an emulsion.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an adjuvant in a phytosanitary formulation, said phytosanitary formulation further comprising at least one active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation, said active ingredient is chosen from insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably said phytosanitary formulation is free from an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, biostimulants, different from the hydrocarbon fluid, more preferably said phytosanitary formulation is free from a phytosanitary active ingredient different from the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation is used for the preventive and / or curative treatment of crop diseases.

[0030] The invention also relates to a phytosanitary formulation comprising:

[0031] - a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 260 to 320°C, and

[0032] - one or more surfactants,

[0033] characterized in that:

[0034] a) the formulation further comprises an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, and / or

[0035] b) the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention: • the hydrocarbon fluid has one or more of the characteristics following: • the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, in relation to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: • at least 85% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, and / or • at most 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably at most 10% by weight, more preferably at most 5% by weight, and / or • at most 1% by weight of naphthenes, and / or • less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics; • the hydrocarbon fluid presents: • a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, or even greater than or equal to 130°C according to standard ASTM D93, and / or • a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt, and / or • a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon fluid, • a difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 10°C to 80°C, preferably from 20°C to 50°C; the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, in relation to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: • from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, or • from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins; and / or the surfactant(s) are chosen from alkoxylated acids, sorbitan esters, alkoxylated alcohols, and mixtures thereof; the phytosanitary formulation has one or more of the following characteristics: • the phytosanitary formulation includes: • from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight, of one or more surfactants, • from 80 to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 85 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 98% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0037] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation; • the phytosanitary formulation is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or an emulsion.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate comprising, preferably consisting of:

[0039] - from 95 to 97% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0040] - from 3 to 5% by weight of one or more surfactants,

[0041] relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0042] According to one embodiment, at least one surfactant of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention is chosen from alkoxylated acids and alkoxylated alcohols and their mixtures, said formulation optionally further comprising at least one surfactant chosen from sorbitan esters.

[0043] The invention also relates to a method for phytosanitary treatment of crops comprising the application of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention, the application preferably being carried out by sprinkling on the crops, for example by spraying or spreading, in particular using a drone.

[0044] formulationThe hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention is particularly stable. Indeed, it has in particular excellent thermal stability, excellent oxidation stability as well as excellent UV stability, which makes it possible to extend the lifespan of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0045] The hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has low evaporation for a given flash point, which makes it possible to reduce the loss of fluid by evaporation and therefore to improve the yields and the implementation of the phytosanitary treatment.

[0046] The invention makes it possible to provide a bio-sourced adjuvant with very low phytotoxicity.

[0047] The hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention thus has good compatibility with the phytosanitary active ingredients.

[0048] The inventors have in fact discovered that the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the present invention has both very good properties as an adjuvant for phytosanitary formulation and as an active ingredient for phytosanitary formulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0049] The invention relates to the use of a hydrocarbon fluid as an adjuvant and / or as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation comprising one or more surfactants, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 260 to 320°C.

[0050] The hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is typically of biosourced origin.

[0051] As a preliminary point, it will be noted that, in the following description and claims, the expression "between" must be understood as including the limits cited.

[0052] For the purposes of the present invention, the word “paraffins” includes isoparaffins and n-paraffins.

[0053] For the purposes of the present invention, the word “isoparaffins” denotes non-cyclic branched alkanes.

[0054] For the purposes of the present invention, the word “n-paraffins” designates non-cyclic linear alkanes.

[0055] For the purposes of the present invention, the word “naphthenes” denotes cyclic (non-aromatic) alkanes.

[0056] Hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention:

[0057] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content of at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 85% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins, or even at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0058] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a content of less than or equal to 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably less than or equal to 15% by weight, more preferably less than or equal to 10% by weight of normal paraffins, or even less than or equal to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0059] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a mass ratio of isoparaffins to normal paraffins of at least 4:1, preferably at least 9:1, more preferably at least 12:1, preferably at least 15:1, or even at least 19:1.

[0060] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, a content by weight of naphthenic compounds less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% and more preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm.

[0061] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 20% by weight of n- paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, based on the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, a content by weight of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100% and a content by weight of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, preferably from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins and from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and more preferably from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins and from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a weight content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10% and a weight content of naphthenes less than or equal to 1%, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0064] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, a weight content ranging from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a weight content less than or equal to 0.5% of naphthenes, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0065] More preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins and a weight content of naphthenes less than or equal to 100 ppm, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0066] The contents of isoparaffins, normal paraffins and naphthenes can be determined according to any methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by gas chromatography.

[0067] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, preferably less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics, more preferably less than 20 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0068] The aromatic content can be determined according to any methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by UV spectrometry.

[0069] According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content of isoparaffins ranging from 90 to 100%, a weight content of normal paraffins ranging from 0 to 10%, a weight content of naphthenes less than or equal to 1% and a weight content of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm. Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins, a weight content of naphthenes less than or equal to 0.5% and a weight content of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 50 ppm. Preferably also the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content ranging from 95 to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 5% of normal paraffins and a weight content of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm. More preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises a weight content ranging from 98% to 100% of isoparaffins, from 0 to 2% of normal paraffins, a weight content of naphthenes less than or equal to 100 ppm and a weight content of aromatic compounds less than or equal to 100 ppm.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0071] The biogenic carbon content (also called bio-derived carbon) can be determined according to ASTM D6866 of 2020.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 20% by weight of n-paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 10% by weight of n-paraffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0074] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has an extremely low content by weight of sulfur compounds, typically less than or equal to 5 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 3 ppm and more preferably less than or equal to 0.5 ppm at a level too low to be detected using conventional low-sulfur analyzers.

[0075] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C and more preferably greater than or equal to 130°C according to the ASTM D93 standard. A high flash point, typically greater than 110°C, makes it possible in particular to overcome safety problems during storage and transport while avoiding excessive flammability of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0076] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.

[0077] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C according to the ASTM D93 standard and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.OlkPa.

[0078] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a flash point greater than or equal to 120°C and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.

[0079] And more preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a flash point greater than or equal to 130°C and a vapor pressure at 20°C less than or equal to 0.01 kPa.

[0080] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention also preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt, measured according to the ASTM D445 standard.

[0081] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C, preferably from 260 to 300°C.

[0082] Boiling points can be determined according to ASTM D86.

[0083] Preferably, the difference between the final boiling point and the initial point boiling point ranges from 10°C to 80°C, preferably from 20°C to 50°C.

[0084] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins, less than 1% by weight of naphthenes and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C.

[0085] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises at least 95% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, and has an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: - from 20 to 80% by weight of C15 isoparaffins and from 20 to 80% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins having 14 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins having 17 carbon atoms or more; or - from 3 to 20% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 20 to 70% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 5 to 40% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 5 to 40% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins having 14 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins having 19 carbon atoms or more; or - from 5 to 40% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 95% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins having 16 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins having 19 carbon atoms or more.

[0087] According to a particular embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: - from 30 to 60% by weight of C15 isoparaffins and from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly being able to comprise isoparaffins comprising 14 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins comprising 17 carbon atoms or more; or - from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins having 14 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins having 19 carbon atoms or more; or - from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, said fluid possibly comprising isoparaffins comprising 16 carbon atoms or less and / or isoparaffins comprising 19 carbon atoms or more.

[0088] The expression “CX isoparaffins” designates isoparaffins containing X carbon atoms.

[0089] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0091] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0092] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of Cl8 isoparaffins and has an aromatics content of less than 100 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0094] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention comprises from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins and has an aromatic content of less than 50 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid and said fluid has a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0095] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 301B standard. Thus, typically, the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention will be said to be “easily biodegradable” or “readily biodegradable” in English.

[0096] In contrast, a product will be said to be “inherently biodegradable” if it has a biodegradability ranging from 20 to less than 60% at 28 days according to the OECD 301 standard, for example according to the OECD 301B standard.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability at 28 days of at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, measured according to the OECD 30IB standard.

[0098] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention has a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to the OECD 306 standard. The OECD 306 standard is more restrictive than the OECD 301B standard. Process for obtaining the hydrocarbon fluid:

[0099] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention can be obtained in the following way. The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention is a hydrocarbon cut typically resulting from the conversion of biomass.

[0100] By biomass conversion product is meant a hydrocarbon fraction produced from raw materials of biological origin. The raw materials of biological origin can be chosen from vegetable oils, fats animal oils, fish oils and their mixtures.

[0101] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fraction of biological origin is obtained by a process comprising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and isomerization (ISO) steps. The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step leads to the deformulation of the structures of the biological esters or triglyceride constituents, to the elimination of the oxygenated, phosphorus and sulfur compounds and to the hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds. The product resulting from the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is then isomerized. A fractionation step may preferably follow the hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization steps. Advantageously, the fractions of interest are then subjected to hydrotreatment and then distillation steps in order to obtain the specifications of the desired hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention.

[0102] This HDO / ISO process is carried out on a raw biological feedstock, also called biomass or raw material of biological origin, selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and their mixture. Suitable raw materials of biological origin are, for example, rapeseed oil, canola oil, tall oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, hemp oil, olive oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, palm oil, peanut oil, castor oil, coconut oil, animal fats such as tallow, recycled edible fats, raw materials from genetic engineering, and biological raw materials produced from microorganisms such as algae and bacteria. Condensation products, esters or other derivatives obtained from raw biological materials can also serve as raw materials.

[0103] Preferably, the raw material of biological origin is an ester or a triglyceride derivative. This material is first subjected to a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step to decompose the structure of the constituent esters or triglycerides and to eliminate the oxygenated, phosphorus and sulfur compounds concomitantly with the hydrogenation of the olefinic bonds. This hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step of the raw material of biological origin is followed by an isomerization of the product thus obtained leading to the branching of the hydrocarbon chain and to an improvement in the properties of the paraffin at low temperatures.

[0104] During the HDO step, the hydrogen and the raw material of biological origin are passed over a hydrodeoxygenation catalytic bed simultaneously or countercurrently. During the HDO step, the pressure and temperature are between 20 and 150 bars and between 200 and 500°C respectively. Conventional and known hydrodeoxygenation catalysts are used during this step. Optionally, the raw material of biological origin may be subjected to pre-hydrogenation under mild conditions to avoid secondary reactions of the double bonds before the HDO step. After the hydrodeoxygenation step, the reaction product is subjected to an isomerization step (ISO) where hydrogen and the product, and possibly a mixture of n-paraffins, are passed over isomerization catalyst beds simultaneously or countercurrently. During the ISO step, the pressure and temperature are between 20 and 150 bars and between 200 and 500°C respectively. Conventional and known isomerization catalysts are used during this step.

[0105] Additional secondary processes may also be implemented (such as intermediate mixing, trapping or other such processes).

[0106] The product from the HDO / ISO steps can optionally be fractionated in order to obtain the cuts of interest.

[0107] Various HDO / ISO processes are described in the literature. Application WO2014 / 033762 describes a process comprising a pre-hydrogenation step, a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step and an isomerization step carried out countercurrently. Patent application EPI728844 describes a process for producing hydrocarbon compounds from a mixture of compounds of plant and animal origin. This process comprises a step of pre-treating the mixture to remove contaminants, such as alkali metal salts, followed by a hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) step and an isomerization step.Patent application EP2084245 describes a process for producing a hydrocarbon mixture that can be used as diesel or in a diesel formulation by hydrodeoxygenation of a mixture of biological origin containing fatty acid esters optionally in admixture with free fatty acids, for example vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, palm oil or pine oil, followed by hydroisomerization on specific catalysts. Patent application EP2368967 describes such a process and the product obtained by this process.

[0108] Advantageously, the raw material of biological origin contains less than 15 ppm of sulfur, preferably less than 8 ppm, preferentially less than 5 ppm and more preferentially less than 1 ppm according to standard EN ISO 20846. Ideally, the feed does not include sulfur as a raw material of biosourced origin.

[0109] The deoxygenated and isomerized feedstock from the HDO / ISO process is then hydrogenated, after having been optionally fractionated in order to obtain a desired boiling range.

[0110] Preferably, the hydrogenation step is a catalytic hydrogenation step at a temperature of 80 to 180°C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bars of a charge (or cut) of deoxygenated and isomerized biological origin.

[0111] The hydrogen used in the hydrogenation unit is typically highly purified hydrogen. Highly purified means hydrogen of a purity of example greater than 99%, although other grades can also be used.

[0112] The hydrogenation step is carried out using catalysts. Typical hydrogenation catalysts can be either bulk or supported and can include the following metals: nickel, platinum, palladium, rhenium, rhodium, nickel tungstate, nickel-molybdenum, molybdenum, cobalt-molybdenum. The supports can be silica, alumina, silica-alumina or zeolites.

[0113] A preferred catalyst is a nickel-based catalyst on an alumina support whose specific surface area preferably varies from 100 to 200 m2 / g of catalyst or a nickel-based bulk catalyst. The hydrogenation conditions are typically as follows: - Pressure: 50 to 160 bars, preferably 80 to 150 bars and more preferably 90 to 120 bars; - Temperature: 80 to 180°C, preferably 120 to 160°C and more preferably 150 to 160°C; - Hourly volumetric speed (WH): 0.2 to 5 hr-1, preferably 0.4 to 3 hr-1 and more preferably 0.5 to 0.8 hr-1; - Hydrogen treatment rate: suitable for the conditions mentioned above and up to 200 Nm3 / tonnes of charge to be treated.

[0114] The temperature in the reactors is typically between 150 and 160°C with a pressure of approximately 100 bars while the hourly volumetric velocity is approximately 0.6 hr-1 with a treatment rate adapted according to the quality of the feedstock to be treated and the parameters of the first hydrogenation reactor.

[0115] The hydrogenation may take place in one or more reactors in series. The reactors may comprise one or more catalytic beds. The catalytic beds are generally fixed catalytic beds.

[0116] The hydrogenation process preferably comprises two or three reactors, preferably three reactors and is more preferably carried out in three reactors in series.

[0117] The first reactor allows the trapping of sulfur compounds and the hydrogenation of essentially all unsaturated compounds and up to about 90% by weight of aromatic compounds. The product from the first reactor contains substantially no sulfur compounds. In the second stage, i.e. in the second reactor, the hydrogenation of the aromatics continues and up to 99% by weight of the aromatics are thereby hydrogenated.

[0118] The third stage in the third reactor is a finishing stage making it possible to obtain aromatic contents of less than 100 ppm, preferably less than 50 ppm, preferably less than 20 ppm.

[0119] It is possible to use a reactor which has two or three catalytic beds or more. The catalysts may be present in varying or essentially equal amounts in each reactor; for three reactors, the amounts by weight may for example be 0.05-0.5 / 0.10-0.70 / 0.25-0.85, preferably 0.07-0.25 / 0.15-0.35 / 0.4-0.78 and more preferably 0.10-0.20 / 0.20-0.32 / 0.48-0.70.

[0120] It is also possible to use one or two hydrogenation reactors instead of three.

[0121] It is also possible for the first reactor to be composed of twin reactors operated alternatively. This mode of operation notably allows for easier loading and unloading of the catalysts: when the first reactor comprises the saturated catalyst first (substantially all the sulfur is trapped on and / or in the catalyst) it must be changed often.

[0122] A single reactor can also be used in which two, three or more catalytic beds are installed.

[0123] It may be necessary to insert quench boxes (in the English sense of "reaction smothering") in the recycle system or between reactors to cool the effluents from one reactor to another or from one catalytic bed to another in order to control the temperatures and hydrothermal balance of each reaction. In a preferred embodiment, there are no cooling or smothering intermediates.

[0124] According to one embodiment, the product resulting from the process and / or the separated gases are at least partly recycled into the feed system of the hydrogenation reactors. This dilution contributes to maintaining the exothermicity of the reaction within controlled limits, in particular in the first stage. The recycling also allows heat exchange before the reaction and also better temperature control.

[0125] The effluent from the hydrogenation unit mainly contains the hydrogenated product and hydrogen. Flash separators are used to separate the effluents into the gas phase, mainly the residual hydrogen, and the liquid phase, mainly the hydrogenated hydrocarbon cuts. The process can be carried out using three flash separators, one at high pressure, one at intermediate pressure and one at low pressure very close to atmospheric pressure.

[0126] The hydrogen gas that is collected at the top of the flash separators can be recycled into the feed system of the hydrogenation unit or at different levels in the hydrogenation units between the reactors.

[0127] According to one embodiment, the final product is separated at atmospheric pressure. It then feeds directly into a vacuum fractionation unit. Preferably, the fractionation will be carried out at a pressure of between 10 and 50 mbar and more preferably at approximately 30 mbar.

[0128] The fractionation can be carried out in such a way that it is possible to simultaneously remove various hydrocarbon fluids from the fractionation column and their boiling temperature can be predetermined.

[0129] By adapting the feedstock through its initial and final boiling points, the hydrogenation reactors, separators and fractionation unit can therefore be directly connected without the need to use intermediate tanks. This integration of hydrogenation and fractionation allows for optimized thermal integration associated with a reduction in the number of devices and energy savings.

[0130] Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is obtained by a process comprising a step of catalytic hydrogenation of a biomass which has been hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized, said hydrogenation step being carried out at a temperature ranging from 80 to 180°C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bars, preferably at a temperature ranging from 120 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 80 to 150 bars, more preferably at a temperature ranging from 150 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 90 to 120 bars.

[0131] According to a particular embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid used in the invention is obtained by a process comprising: - a hydrodeoxygenation step followed by a hydroisomerization step of a biomass in order to obtain a hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized biomass, - a step of catalytic hydrogenation of the hydrodeoxygenated and hydroisomerized biomass, said hydrogenation step being carried out at a temperature ranging from 80 to 180°C and at a pressure of 50 to 160 bars, preferably at a temperature ranging from 120 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 80 to 150 bars, more preferably at a temperature ranging from 150 to 160°C and at a pressure ranging from 90 to 120 bars,

[0132] the biomass preferably being chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils and their mixtures.

[0133] The hydrocarbon fluid used according to the invention is ideally derived from the processing of raw materials of biological origin. The term "biogenic carbon" or "bio-carbon" indicates that the carbon is of natural origin and comes from a biomaterial, as indicated below. Bio-carbon content, biogenic carbon content and biomaterial content are expressions indicating the same value. A material of renewable origin or biomaterial is an organic material in which the carbon comes from CO2 recently fixed (on a human scale) by photosynthesis from the atmosphere. A biomaterial (100% natural carbon) has a 14C / 12C isotopic ratio greater than 10 12, typically about 1.2 x 10 12, while a fossil material has a zero ratio. Indeed, the isotopic 14C formed in the atmosphere is then integrated by photosynthesis, on a time scale of a few decades at most. The half-life of 14C is 5730 years. Thus, materials resulting from photosynthesis, namely plants in general, necessarily have a maximum content of the 14C isotope. Additives

[0134] The phytosanitary formulation implemented in the invention comprises one or more surfactants.

[0135] Preferably, the phytosanitary formulation comprises from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight of one or more surfactants, relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0136] For the purposes of the present invention, the term “surfactant” also includes emulsifiers.

[0137] The phytosanitary formulation used in the invention may be in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or an emulsion.

[0138] According to one embodiment, when it is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, or even consists of:

[0139] - 85 to 99% by weight, preferably 90 to 98% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0140] - 1 to 14% by weight, preferably 2 to 8% by weight, of surfactants,

[0141] - optionally from 0.05 to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of water,

[0142] relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate.

[0143] The emulsifiable concentrate can then be put into the form of an emulsion during the final use, that is to say during the phytosanitary treatment.

[0144] When the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an adjuvant, the formation of an emulsion can be carried out before, during or after the addition of the phytosanitary active ingredient(s), before phytosanitary treatment.

[0145] When the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an active ingredient, the emulsion formation of the emulsifiable concentrate can be carried out just before the phytosanitary treatment. According to this embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation used during the phytosanitary treatment preferably does not comprise a phytosanitary active ingredient other than the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0146] When in the form of an emulsion, it may be an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion.

[0147] According to one embodiment, when it is in the form of an emulsion, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, or even consists of:

[0148] - 40 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 70% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0149] - 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably 1 to 3% by weight, of surfactants,

[0150] - from 15 to 59.5% by weight, preferably from 29 to 49% by weight, of water,

[0151] relative to the total weight of the emulsion.

[0152] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation implemented in the invention comprises one or more surfactants chosen from non-ionic surfactants.

[0153] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation implemented in the invention comprises one or more surfactants chosen from an alkoxylated acid, a sorbitan ester, an alkoxylated alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

[0154] The alkoxylated acid may be an acid or polyacid, preferably monoacid, saturated or unsaturated, preferably unsaturated, comprising one or more alkoxylated units.

[0155] Preferably, the alkoxylated acid is an oleic acid comprising one or more alkoxylated units, preferably ethoxylated. Thus, preferably, the alkoxylated acid is an ethoxylated oleic acid.

[0156] The alkoxylated alcohol may be a monoalcohol or polyol, preferably monoalcohol, saturated or unsaturated, preferably saturated, comprising one or more alkoxylated units.

[0157] Preferably, the alkoxylated alcohol is an isotridecanol comprising one or more alkoxylated units, preferably ethoxylated. Thus, preferably, the alkoxylated alcohol is an ethoxylated isotridecanol.

[0158] In the context of the present invention, ethoxylation is the chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide is added to a labile hydrogen compound to produce surfactants. The labile hydrogen compound is generally an alcohol, a phenol or a carboxylic acid.

[0159] In one embodiment, the number of alkoxylations, or ethoxylations, ranges from 1 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, and preferentially from 1 to 3.

[0160] By sorbitan ester is meant a derivative of sorbitan by esterification of one or more of its alcohol or phenol functions. By way of example and without this being limiting, mention may be made of sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan trioleate and sorbitan monooleate.

[0161] Preferably the sorbitan ester is chosen from sorbitan trioleate and sorbitan monooleate and mixtures thereof.

[0162] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises:

[0163] - at least one surfactant chosen from ethoxylated unsaturated acids,

[0164] - at least one surfactant chosen from sorbitan esters.

[0165] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises:

[0166] - at least one surfactant chosen from ethoxylated oleic acid,

[0167] - at least one surfactant chosen from sorbitan oleate.

[0168] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises:

[0169] - from 1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 5% by weight, of unsaturated acids ethoxylated, preferably ethoxylated oleic acids,

[0170] - from 0.05 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight, of sorbitan esters, of preference of sorbitan oleates,

[0171] relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0172] Use as an adjuvant:

[0173] The hydrocarbon fluid, mixed with one or more surfactants, can be used as an adjuvant in a phytosanitary formulation.

[0174] For the purposes of the present invention, use of a product “as an adjuvant in a phytosanitary formulation” means that the phytosanitary formulation is intended to be mixed with an active ingredient for phytosanitary treatment, said adjuvant product then having the role of improving the effectiveness of the active ingredient. We can then speak of a so-called “booster” effect.

[0175] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention is used as an enhancer of the effectiveness of the active ingredient for phytosanitary treatment.

[0176] The active ingredient may be chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides.

[0177] When the active ingredient of the phytosanitary formulation is a herbicide, the hydrocarbon fluid can be used as an agent improving the herbicidal efficacy of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0178] For example, the active ingredient may be chosen from tribenuron-methyl, diclofop methyl, Fenoxaprop P ethyl, Fluazifop p butyl, Haloxyfop, Clethodim, Cy-cloxydim.

[0179] When the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an adjuvant, then preferably, after adding the water and the active ingredient(s), the phytosanitary formulation (final formulation for the treatment) comprises:

[0180] - from 1 to 5% by volume of the emulsifiable concentrate comprising the hy fluid carbon and one or more surfactants,

[0181] -beyond 15% by volume of active ingredient, preferably chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides,

[0182] - from 80 to 98% by volume of water,

[0183] relative to the total volume of the phytosanitary formulation. Use as an active ingredient

[0184] The hydrocarbon fluid, mixed with one or more surfactants, can be used as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation.

[0185] For the purposes of the present invention, a use of a product “as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation” means that said product is an active ingredient active for phytosanitary treatment. Typically, according to this embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation will not include any other active ingredients for phytosanitary treatment than the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention during the phytosanitary treatment.

[0186] For the purposes of the present invention, the expression “active ingredient” will mean active ingredient for phytosanitary treatment.

[0187] According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fluid of the invention is used as an active ingredient chosen from insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably from acaricides and fungicides.

[0188] Thus, the hydrocarbon fluid, mixed with one or more surfactants, is particularly useful as an acaricide and / or fungicide.

[0189] When the hydrocarbon fluid is used as an active ingredient, then preferably, the phytosanitary formulation comprises:

[0190] - from 95 to 97% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0191] - from 3 to 5% by weight of surfactants,

[0192] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0193] When the hydrocarbon fluid is used as the active ingredient, then preferably, the phytosanitary formulation consists of:

[0194] - from 95 to 97% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0195] - from 3 to 5% by weight of surfactants,

[0196] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation. Use as an adjuvant and active ingredient

[0197] The hydrocarbon fluid, in mixture with one or more surfactants, can be used both as an adjuvant and as an active ingredient.

[0198] For the purposes of the present invention, a use of a product “as an adjuvant and active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation” means that said product could have both functions.

[0199] The phytosanitary formulation according to the invention is used for the preventive and / or curative treatment of crop diseases. Phytosanitary formulation

[0200] The invention also relates to a phytosanitary formulation comprising:

[0201] - a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range of 260 to 320°C, and

[0202] - one or more surfactants,

[0203] characterized in that:

[0204] a) the formulation further comprises an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants and / or

[0205] b) the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40.

[0206] Preferably, the hydrocarbon fluid used in the phytosanitary formulation has one or more of the characteristics defined in the present invention in the context of the use according to the invention.

[0207] Preferably, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or an emulsion.

[0208] According to a first embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention comprises:

[0209] - a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C,

[0210] - one or more surfactants, and

[0211] - an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably among herbicides.

[0212] According to this first embodiment, the active principle is different from the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention.

[0213] Preferably, according to this embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises

[0214] - from 19.9 to 60% by weight, preferably from 24.5 to 50% by weight, of hyaluronic fluid carbonized,

[0215] - from 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 2% by weight, of surfactants,

[0216] - from 39.9 to 80% by weight, preferably from 49.5 to 75% by weight, of active ingredient,

[0217] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0218] According to a particular embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention comprises an active principle, different from the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention and chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides, and said phytosanitary formulation according to the invention has a mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants of 18 to 40, preferably of 19 to 35, preferably of 20 to 35, more preferably of 25 to 35, or even of 30 to 35.

[0219] According to a second embodiment of the invention, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention comprises:

[0220] - a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C,

[0221] - one or more surfactants,

[0222] the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranging from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35.

[0223] According to this particular embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention may be free of active ingredient (phytosanitary), different from the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention.

[0224] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate and comprises:

[0225] - from 80 to 97% by weight, preferably from 90 to 97% by weight, more preferably from 95 to 97% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0226] - from 3 to 20% by weight, preferably from 3 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 at 5% by weight of surfactants,

[0227] relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation,

[0228] formulation in which the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation implemented during the phytosanitary treatment according to the invention comprises, relative to the total volume of the phytosanitary formulation: - from 0.5 to 10% by volume, preferably from 1 to 5% by volume, of emulsifiable concentrate, said concentrate comprising: • from 80 to 97% by weight, preferably from 90 to 97% by weight, more preferably from 95 to 97% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid, • from 3 to 20% by weight, preferably from 3 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 5% by weight, of surfactants,

[0230] relative to the total dry weight of the emulsifiable concentrate, - from 0.5 to 15% by volume, preferably from 1 to 10% by volume, of active ingredient, preferably chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides, - from 80 to 98% by volume, preferably from 85 to 98% by volume, of water.

[0231] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation implemented during the phytosanitary treatment according to the invention comprises, relative to the total volume of the phytosanitary formulation: - from 1 to 20% by volume, preferably from 2 to 15% by volume, of emulsifiable concentrate, said concentrate comprising: • from 80 to 97% by weight, preferably from 90 to 97% by weight, more preferably from 95 to 97% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid, • from 3 to 20% by weight, preferably from 3 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 5% by weight, of surfactants,

[0232] relative to the total dry weight of the emulsifiable concentrate, - from 80 to 99% by volume, preferably from 85 to 98% by volume, of water,

[0233] said phytosanitary formulation being free from active ingredient (phytosanitary) other than the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0234] When it is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, according to a particular embodiment:

[0235] - 85 to 99% by weight, preferably 90 to 98% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0236] - 1 to 14% by weight, preferably 2 to 8% by weight, of surfactants,

[0237] - optionally from 0.05 to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of water relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate,

[0238] it being understood that the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35.

[0239] When it is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, according to one embodiment:

[0240] - from 19.9 to 60% by weight, preferably from 24.5 to 50% by weight, of hyaluronic fluid carbonized,

[0241] - from 0.1 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 2% by weight, of surfactants,

[0242] - optionally from 0.05 to 2% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of water

[0243] - from 39.9 to 80% by weight, preferably from 49.5 to 75% by weight, of active ingredient,

[0244] relative to the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate.

[0245] According to one embodiment, when it is in the form of an emulsion, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:

[0246] - from 40 to 80% by weight, preferably from 50 to 70% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid,

[0247] - from 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably from 1 to 3% by weight, of surfactants,

[0248] - from 1 to 59.5% by weight, preferably from 29 to 49% by weight, of water,

[0249] relative to the total weight of the emulsion,

[0250] it being understood that the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35.

[0251] Preferably, according to this embodiment, said emulsion will be free of active ingredient (phytosanitary) different from hydrocarbon oil

[0252] When in the form of an emulsion, it may be an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion.

[0253] The surfactant(s) of the phytosanitary formulation may be as defined in the context of the use according to the invention.

[0254] The hydrocarbon fluid of the phytosanitary formulation may comprise one or more of the characteristics defined within the framework of the use according to the invention.

[0255] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention comprises, relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation:

[0256] - at least 40% by weight of a hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C,

[0257] - at least 0.1% by weight of at least one surfactant chosen from unsaturated acids ethoxylated, and

[0258] - at least 0.025% by weight of at least one surfactant chosen from esters of sorbitan,

[0259] it being understood that:

[0260] a) the formulation further comprises an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, and / or

[0261] b) the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35.

[0262] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary composition:

[0263] - at least 80% by weight of a hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C,

[0264] - from 1 to 8% by weight of at least one surfactant chosen from ethoxylated oleic acid,

[0265] - from 0.05 to 3% by weight of at least one surfactant chosen from sorbitan oleate,

[0266] it being understood that the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants will from 18 to 40,

[0267] preferably, said phytosanitary formulation is free of active ingredient (phytosanitary) different from the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0268] According to one embodiment, the phytosanitary formulation comprises, relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation:

[0269] - from 80 to 99% by weight, preferably from 85 to 98% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 90% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C,

[0270] - from 1 to 8% by weight, preferably from 1.5 to 5% by weight, of unsaturated acids ethoxylated, preferably ethoxylated oleic acids,

[0271] - from 0.05 to 3% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight, of sorbitan esters, of preference of sorbitan oleates,

[0272] relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary formulation,

[0273] it being understood that b) the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40, preferably from 19 to 35, preferably from 20 to 35, more preferably from 25 to 35, or even from 30 to 35,

[0274] preferably, said phytosanitary formulation is free from active ingredient (phytosanitary) other than the hydrocarbon fluid. Phytosanitary treatment

[0275] The invention also relates to a method for phytosanitary treatment of crops comprising the application of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention to crops.

[0276] Preferably, the application is implemented by sprinkling on the crops, for example by spraying or spreading, in particular using a drone.

[0277] The phytosanitary treatment according to the invention may be a herbicide and / or insecticide and / or acaricide and / or fungicide and / or biostimulant treatment.

[0278] The characteristics described above in the context of the use according to the invention and in the context of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention also apply to the phytosanitary treatment according to the invention. EXAMPLES

[0279] In the remainder of this description, examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended in any way to limit its scope.

[0280] Example 1: Description of the phytosanitary formulation

[0281] A hydrocarbon fluid HC was prepared according to a process as described in the present invention, by HDO / ISO of a biomass followed by a hydrogenation step.

[0282] Table 1 lists the physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbon fluid.

[0283] [Tables 1] HC Fluid % iso paraffins (w / w) 98% % n-paraffins (w / w) 2% % naphthenics (w / w) 0 Aromatics (ppm) <50 Sulfur (ppm) <lppm Quantité de carbones biogéniques (%) 100 Point d’ébullition initial (°C) 260 Point d’ébullition final (°C) 320 Biodégradabilité (28 jours) (%) 89 Densité à 15°C (kg / m3) 785 Point éclair (°C) 135 Point d’écoulement (°C) -60 Viscosité Cinématique à 40°C (cSt) 3,5

[0284] The following standards and methods were used to measure the above properties:

[0285] - flash point: EN ISO 2719, - density at 15°C: EN ISO 1185, - viscosity at 40°C: EN ISO 3104, - Boiling point: ASTM D86, - biodegradability: OECD 30IB method,

[0286] - pour point: ASTM D5950.

[0287] Preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate:

[0288] An emulsifiable concentrate CEInv was prepared with the following proportions:

[0289] - 96.9% by weight of HC fluid,

[0290] - 2.45% by weight of ethoxylated oleic acid,

[0291] - 0.5% by weight of sorbitan oleate,

[0292] - 0.15% by weight of water. Example 2: Use as an adjuvant

[0293] The CEInv emulsifiable concentrate according to example 1 was tested as an adjuvant in this example 2.

[0294] The active ingredient used is a tribenuron-methyl type herbicide.

[0295] In this example, 2 liters of the CEInv emulsifiable concentrate according to Example 1 were added to 200 liters of water. The active ingredient is added for a treatment of 37.5 g of herbicide / ha.

[0296] The treatment was carried out using 300 litres of water per hectare.

[0297] The control corresponds to a treatment with a phytosanitary formulation comprising only the herbicide, without adjuvant or surfactant.

[0298] The phytosanitary treatment was tested on the following 4 species, on cereal crops infected according to the indicated infestation rate:

[0299] - DIPMU = Diplotaxis muralis (16.0 plants / m2),

[0300] - CHYCS = Chrysantenum coronarium (12.3 plants / m2),

[0301] - POLAV = Polygonum aviculare (5.0 plants / m2),

[0302] - PAPRH = Papaver rhoeas (6.5 plants / m2).

[0303] The proportion of species eliminated was determined 106 days after application of the phytosanitary formulation.

[0304] The percentages of species eliminated are shown in Table 2.

[0305] [Tables2] Witness CEInv DIPMU 77.5 86.3 CHYCS 75 87.5 POLAV 77.5 81.3 PAPRH 78.8 93.8

[0306] As the results show, the phytosanitary formulation comprising the adjuvant according to the invention shows better results than the control formulation comprising only the herbicide.

[0307] The adjuvant according to the invention thus has a booster effect on the herbicidal effect of the active ingredient.

[0308] In addition, the results showed:

[0309] - no phytotoxic symptoms of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention,

[0310] - that the treated cultures continued to develop normally,

[0311] - that at the time of harvest, no significant difference had been observed between the control and the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention on the parameters: yield, moisture content, Crop yield expressed in Tons per Ha at a grain moisture content of 14%.

[0312] Example 3: Use as an acaricidal active ingredient

[0313] Tests were also carried out to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention as an acaricidal active ingredient.

[0314] Thus, the CEInv emulsifiable concentrate according to example 1 was tested as an acaricidal active ingredient in this example 3.

[0315] The effectiveness on the mite species Tetranychus urticae was tested on cucurbitaceae.

[0316] Table 3 below lists the processing conditions.

[0317] [Tables3] Test number Nature of treatment Treatment form Treatment rate Application 1 No treatment 2 Emulsion “active ingredient” Emulsifiable concentrate 30 1 of CEInv / ha 1000 liters of water / ha 3 Emulsion “active ingredient” Emulsifiable concentrate 15 1 of CEInv / ha 1000 liters of water / ha 4 Emulsion “active ingredient” Emulsifiable concentrate 7.5 1 of CEInv / ha 1000 liters of water / ha

[0318] A first test was set up at the time of the mobile stage of the mites (adults and nymphs). The acaricidal efficacy is determined according to the H&T method (Henderson and Tilton). The efficacy results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0319] [Tables4] Test number Number of days after application during the mobile phase of development 5 7 14 1 0 0 0 2 45.9 48.9 58.2 3 40.4 42.4 51.7 4 43.5 43.6 48.5

[0320] As shown by the results in Table 4 above, the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention exhibits an acaricidal effect with an efficiency of 40 to 58% for all treatment rates during the mobile phases of development.

[0321] Indeed, the hydrocarbon fluid, implemented in an emulsifiable concentrate, allows for good acaricidal efficacy on the mite species Tetranychus urticae during the mobile phases of development.

[0322] A second test was carried out on the eggs of mites (species Tetranychus urticae).

[0323] The acaricidal efficacy is determined according to the H&T method (Henderson and Tilton). The efficacy results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0324] [Tables5] Test number Number of days after application to eggs 5 7 14 1 0 0 0 2 46.4 38.5 43.7 3 43.7 34.8 33.6 4 47.0 37.1 48.7

[0325] As shown by the results in Table 5 above, the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention has an acaricidal effect with an efficiency of 33 to 48% for all treatment rates on mite eggs.

[0326] Indeed, the hydrocarbon fluid, implemented in an emulsifiable concentrate, allows for good acaricidal efficacy on the eggs of the mite species Te-tranychus urticae.

[0327] Furthermore, the results showed no phytotoxic symptoms of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention.

[0328] Example 4: Use as a fungicidal active ingredient

[0329] Tests were also carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and selectivity of the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention as a fungicidal active ingredient.

[0330] Thus, the CEInv emulsifiable concentrate according to example 1 was tested as a fungicidal active ingredient in this example 4.

[0331] The efficacy on the fungus species Leveillula taurica was tested on the plant species Solanaceae.

[0332] The disease level was high. The average number of infected plants on untreated control plots ranged from 62.5% at 0 days after treatment (just before application) to 100% at 28 days after treatment.

[0333] The average plant area damaged by disease ranged from 3.6% at 0 days after treatment to 61.8% at 28 days after treatment.

[0334] Table 6 below lists the processing conditions. Paraffinic oil is an oil of fossil origin (not bio-sourced).

[0335] [Tableauxô] Test number Nature of treatment Treatment form Treatment rate Application 1 No treatment 2 Emulsion "active ingredient" Emulsifiable concentrate 1.51 of CEInv / 100 liters of water 1000 liters of water / ha 3 Emulsion "active ingredient" Emulsifiable concentrate 31 of CEInv / 100 liters of water 1000 liters of water / ha 4 Paraffinic oil Emulsifiable concentrate 1.51 of oil / 100 liters of water 1000 liters of water / ha

[0336] Antifungal efficacy is determined according to the Abbott method. The efficacy results are shown in Table 7 below as a percentage.

[0337] [Tables7] Test number Number of days after application 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 78.1 76.3 80.4 85.2 80.9 69.3 61.9 3 91.7 91.2 90.2 87.3 81.1 75.6 75.4 4 75.7 84.8 87.5 90.9 90.0 90.8 89.8

[0338] Table 7 above shows that the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention, implemented with surfactants in an emulsifiable concentrate, allowed a good level of control of the progression of the disease throughout the trial since with a dose of 1.5%, the effectiveness varies from 61% to 85%.

[0339] Table 7 above also shows that the hydrocarbon fluid according to the invention, implemented with surfactants in an emulsifiable concentrate, allowed an excellent level of disease control up to 18 days after application since the efficacy varies from 81% to 91% during this period with a dose of 3%. Beyond 18 days, the efficacy still remains good even if it has decreased to 75%.

[0340] Table 7 above also shows that the formulation comprising the hydrocarbon fluid defined in the invention allowed better efficiency at the start of phytosanitary treatment than a paraffinic oil of fossil origin (non-biosourced).

[0341] Furthermore, the results showed no phytotoxic symptoms of the phytosanitary formulation according to the invention.

Claims

Claims

1. Use of a hydrocarbon fluid as an adjuvant and / or as an active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation comprising one or more surfactants, said hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD standard 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C.

2. Use according to claim 1, in which the phytosanitary formulation comprises: - from 0.5 to 20% by weight, preferably from 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight, of one or more surfactants, - from 80 to 99.5% by weight, preferably from 85 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 98% by weight, of hydrocarbon fluid, relative to the total dry weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surfactant(s) are chosen from alkoxylated acids, sorbitan esters, alkoxylated alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: - at least 85% by weight of isoparaffins, preferably at least 90% by weight, more preferably at least 95% by weight, and / or - at most 20% by weight of normal paraffins, preferably at most 10% by weight, more preferably at most 5% by weight, and / or - at most 1% by weight of naphthenes, and / or - less than 50 ppm by weight of aromatics.

5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the hydrocarbon fluid has: a flash point greater than or equal to 110°C, preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, or even greater than or equal to 130°C according to ASTM D93, and / or - a kinematic viscosity at 40°C less than or equal to 5 cSt, preferably less than or equal to 4 cSt, and / or - a biogenic carbon content of at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 97% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon fluid, - a difference between the final boiling point and the initial boiling point ranging from 20°C to 50°C.

6. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid comprises, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid: - from 5 to 15% by weight of C15 isoparaffins, from 30 to 60% by weight of C16 isoparaffins, from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins, and from 10 to 30% by weight of C18 isoparaffins, or - from 10 to 30% by weight of C17 isoparaffins and from 60 to 90% by weight of C18 isoparaffins.

7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the phytosanitary formulation is in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate or an emulsion.

8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, as an adjuvant in a phytosanitary formulation, said phytosanitary formulation further comprising at least one active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably from herbicides.

9. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, as active ingredient in a phytosanitary formulation, said active ingredient is chosen from insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, preferably said phytosanitary formulation is free from active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, biostimulants, other than the hydrocarbon fluid, more preferably said phytosanitary formulation is free from phytosanitary active ingredient other than the hy- carbonized.

10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the phytosanitary formulation is used for the preventive and / or curative treatment of crop diseases.

11. A phytosanitary formulation comprising: - a hydrocarbon fluid comprising at least 80% by weight of isoparaffins and less than 100 ppm by weight of aromatics, relative to the total weight of the hydrocarbon fluid, said hydrocarbon fluid having a biodegradability of at least 60% at 28 days, measured according to OECD 301B and said fluid having an initial boiling point and a final boiling point in the range from 260 to 320°C, and - one or more surfactants, characterized in that: a. the formulation further comprises an active ingredient chosen from herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, and biostimulants, and / or b. the mass ratio between the hydrocarbon fluid and the surfactants ranges from 18 to 40.

12. A phytosanitary formulation according to claim 11, wherein the hydrocarbon fluid is as defined in any one of claims 4 to 6 and / or wherein the surfactant(s) are as defined in claim 3 and / or wherein the phytosanitary formulation is as defined in claim 2 or 7.

13. Phytosanitary formulation according to claim 11 or 12, in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate comprising, preferably consisting of: - from 95 to 97% by weight of hydrocarbon fluid, - from 3 to 5% by weight of one or more surfactants, relative to the total weight of the phytosanitary formulation.

14. Phytosanitary formulation according to any one of claims 11 to 13, comprising at least one surfactant chosen from alkoxylated acids and alkoxylated alcohols and mixtures thereof, and optionally further comprising at least one surfactant chosen from sorbitan esters.

15. A method of phytosanitary treatment of crops comprising the application of the phytosanitary formulation according to any one of of claims 11 to 14, the application preferably being carried out by sprinkling on the crops, for example by spraying or spreading, in particular using a drone.