fibrous texture

Abstract

Fibrous texture The invention relates to a fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat (101) and a 2D fabric (102), a surface of said mat being arranged against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further bonded to at least a portion of the 2D fabric. Figure for abstract: Fig. 4.

Description

Title of the invention: fibrous texture Technical field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a ceramic matrix composite material and a method for manufacturing a part from such a material. Prior art

[0002] Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials withstand temperatures ranging from 600°C to 1400°C. Due to their better resistance to high temperatures, CMCs require less cooling.

[0003] This cooling traditionally comes from a sample in the compressor which impacts the efficiency of the turbomachine, CMC materials therefore make it possible to improve engine efficiency which reduces fuel consumption.

[0004] Furthermore, their use contributes to optimizing the performance of turbo-machines, in particular by reducing the overall mass of the turbo-machine, which further contributes to a reduction in fuel consumption and therefore to a significant reduction in polluting emissions.

[0005] The composite materials comprise a porous fibrous reinforcement, the porosity of which is filled at least partially by a matrix phase.

[0006] In the particular case of CMC materials, the matrix is ​​a ceramic.

[0007] In conventional manufacturing processes, the fiber reinforcement is manufactured alone, placed shaped, then its porosity is filled with the matrix.

[0008] For the purposes of such processes, a so-called "consolidation" step may be carried out during which the fibrous texture is arranged in a former in the desired shape for the part and then infiltrated by gas to obtain a self-supporting fibrous texture, called a fibrous preform, the rigidity of which is sufficient to maintain the desired shape without tooling. The matrix is ​​for example deposited by chemical vapor infiltration.

[0009] The fiber preform then undergoes an additional deposition of matrix, either by a new chemical vapor infiltration, or by a deposition of ceramic particles by slip (slurry cast process in English) then an infiltration of the fiber texture by a molten infiltration composition comprising silicon (melt infiltration process in English) to complete the filling of the porosity of the fiber preform by the matrix.

[0010] Shapers are expensive tools, difficult to manufacture and requiring significant manual labor, so it is desirable that a short consolidation step allows the desired fiber preform to be obtained.

[0011] For thick CMC parts, it has already been proposed in the prior art to manufacture fiber reinforcements by stacking several 2D fabrics, i.e. a weave of fibers which are oriented in two directions in space, conventionally called "weft" and "warp".

[0012] However, it has been observed that such stacks do not exhibit sufficient resistance to delamination after consolidation, unless extremely long consolidation times are required, which pose other problems to the process.

[0013] Indeed, very long consolidation times reduce the lifespan of the conformers because the matrix deposited during consolidation is also deposited on the conformers, which increases their fouling and their cleaning requirements.

[0014] Thus, when thick fibrous preforms are desired, the consolidation time of a 2D fabric stack becomes too long to allow the preform to be sufficiently stiffened, and the use of fibrous textures over more complex weaving, for example 3D weaving, is generally preferred.

[0015] By "three-dimensional weaving" or "3D weaving" is meant here a weaving method by which at least some of the warp threads bind weft threads over several weft layers, such as for example an "interlock weave". By "interlock weave" is meant here a 3D weave weave in which each warp layer binds several weft layers with all the threads of the same warp column having the same movement in the plane of the weave.

[0016] While such a 3D weave offers excellent resistance to delamination, it nevertheless represents a higher cost than a simple stack of 2D layers.

[0017] It remains desirable to further optimize the manufacturing processes making it possible to have both a less expensive fibrous texture than a 3D woven texture but which would present, after a shorter consolidation time, a resistance to delamination superior to a stack of 2D fabrics. Statement of the invention

[0018] The invention aims precisely to address the above problem. Namely, to have a fibrous texture which can be molded for the needs of a consolidation step, but which does not require lengthening or complicating existing consolidation processes.

[0019] According to a first of its aspects, the invention relates to a fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat and a 2D fabric, a surface of said mat being arranged against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further bonded to at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

[0020] Such an embodiment is particularly advantageous because the resistance to delamination of such a fibrous texture is much greater than that of a fibrous texture formed by stacking 2D fabrics, but the process of manufacturing such a fibrous texture is much simpler than a 3D woven texture.

[0021] Furthermore, such a stack can be molded very simply for the purposes of consolidation because it has low rigidity before said consolidation.

[0022] Finally, such a stack can be consolidated in existing conformers, without extending the duration of the consolidation step. In this case, the low density of fibers per unit area of ​​the fiber mat facilitates the passage of precursor gases for densification, which allows the deposition of a matrix layer right to the heart of the fiber texture.

[0023] By definition, a 2D fabric comprises yarns woven together, the yarns being arranged in two perpendicular spatial directions, and arbitrarily named weft direction and warp direction.

[0024] Such a fabric comprises by construction hollow zones and bump zones corresponding to the places where the weft threads dip under the warp threads or on the contrary, to the places where the weft threads pass over the warp threads. However taut the threads may be during weaving, a 2D fabric will comprise such hollow and bump zones.

[0025] It is to the credit of the inventors to have identified that the low coherence observed in a stack of 2D fabrics comes from the regions where the bump areas of a first layer of fabric are opposite bump areas of a second adjacent layer of fabric. It is not possible industrially to ensure that a 2D fabric is placed on another 2D fabric in coherence, i.e. with a bump area opposite a hollow area and vice versa, in particular in the case of curvature of the fabric layers.

[0026] The inventors found that, unlike two stacked 2D fabrics, the bond between the fiber mat and the 2D fabric was particularly good at the points where the threads of the 2D fabric crossed. Indeed, at these points, fibers of the fiber mat can form a bond with the 2D fabric that is strong enough to increase the resistance to delamination.

[0027] Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors are of the opinion that the non-woven nature of the mat allows it to find a coherence with the underlying 2D fabric much greater than that which two superimposed 2D fabrics would have, and this coherence allows the stack to exhibit resistance to delamination more simply.

[0028] In the present application, it is understood that a “fiber mat” is a coherent set of natural fibers and / or manufactured fibers arranged randomly or not in relation to each other and linked together by gluing and / or by entanglement of the fibers to the exclusion of textile operations and in particular weaving, braiding and knitting.

[0029] The invention requires that at least one portion of the mat be connected to at least one portion of the 2D fabric. This formulation is intended to cover embodiments in which the surface of the mat is bonded to the surface of the 2D fabric, but also embodiments in which certain fibers of the mat, whether surface or not, are involved in the bonding with the 2D fabric.

[0030] In one embodiment, the fiber mat is bonded to the 2D fabric by fibers of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric.

[0031] It will be considered that fibers of the mat are entangled in the 2D fabric since they are present in the 2D fabric with a non-zero component in the direction perpendicular to the 2D fabric.

[0032] In particular, such fiber entanglement can be obtained by subjecting the mat arranged on the 2D fabric to a fluid jet, for example a water jet or an air jet.

[0033] Alternatively or additionally, the fiber mat may be bonded to the 2D fabric by providing a bonding layer on a surface of the mat and / or on a surface of the 2D fabric.

[0034] For example, such a bonding layer may comprise an adhesive composition, for example an organic resin.

[0035] In one embodiment, the fiber mat may have a weight of between 10 g.m2 and 500 g.m2 or even between 30 g.m2 and 150 g.m2.

[0036] The grammage of a layer is usually understood as its surface mass.

[0037] In one embodiment, the thickness of the fiber mat in the fibrous texture is between 0.3 mm and 1.5 mm under a pressure of 5 kPa.

[0038] It is important that the weight of the fiber mat is not too high, as this provides a certain flexibility to the mat which allows it to conform as precisely as possible to the shape of the underlying 2D fabric.

[0039] Furthermore, the low grammage of the mat ensures excellent diffusion of gases in said mat, which allows on the one hand excellent deposition during consolidation but also during the formation of the matrix for the manufacture of a part in composite material.

[0040] Conversely, the weight of the fiber mat must be sufficient to be able to be handled without risk of tearing.

[0041] Thus, the proposed values ​​correspond to the optimum determined by the inventors for the needs of the textures considered.

[0042] In one embodiment, the fiber mat may comprise silicon carbide SiC fibers.

[0043] In one embodiment, the fibers of the mat comprise fibers with a length of between 1 mm and 50 mm, or between 5 mm and 25 mm.

[0044] This embodiment offers several advantages. In particular, it makes it possible to manufacture the mat thanks to crushed textile scraps.

[0045] Although these are textile scraps, which may initially be woven, the latter are ground in the described embodiment before being formed into the mat and are therefore no longer bound together by textile operations in the mat.

[0046] This recycling ensures on the one hand a reduced cost for the preparation of the fiber mat and on the other hand a reduced environmental footprint of the entire process.

[0047] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric may have a weight of between 250 g.m2 and 450 g.m2, or even between 300 g.m2 and 350 g.m2.

[0048] This embodiment ensures that the 2D fabric gives the fibrous texture the desired characteristics, particularly in terms of mechanical strength.

[0049] The grammage is also understood here in its usual sense, i.e. as the surface mass.

[0050] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric may comprise silicon carbide SiC fibers.

[0051] In one embodiment, the 2D fabric and the mat may comprise fibers of the same composition, for example silicon carbide SiC fibers.

[0052] In one embodiment, the thickness of the 2D fabric in the fibrous texture is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm under 5 kPa of pressure.

[0053] In one embodiment, the fibrous texture is wound onto a roll. The fibrous texture can thus constitute a ready-to-use raw material.

[0054] In one embodiment, the fibrous texture may comprise a stack comprising between 3 and 50 layers, each of the layers being alternately either a 2D fabric or a fiber mat, each of the layers being bonded to the layer disposed below and to the layer disposed above.

[0055] In such an embodiment, a fiber mat may be disposed between two 2D fabrics, at least a first portion of the mat being bonded with at least a portion of the first 2D fabric and at least a second portion of the mat being bonded with at least a portion of the second 2D fabric.

[0056] In an identical or different embodiment, a 2D fabric may be arranged between two mats, at least a portion of the 2D fabric being bonded with at least a portion of the first mat and at least a portion of the 2D fabric being further bonded with at least a portion of the second mat.

[0057] The stack can thus comprise a plurality of layers, alternating 2D fabrics and fiber mats, two successive layers being linked together.

[0058] For example, the fibrous texture may comprise a stack of between 3 and 50 layers.

[0059] Such an embodiment makes it possible to obtain a fibrous texture of a desired thickness, with the same advantages as those described above, and in particular a better resistance to delamination than a 2D fabric stack, and achieved for shorter consolidation times.

[0060] According to another of its aspects, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fibrous texture as just described, the method comprising a step of forming a stack comprising a mat of fibers in contact with a 2D fabric and a step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the mat of fibers and at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

[0061] In one embodiment, the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of the 2D fabric may be performed by exposing the stack to a high velocity fluid jet.

[0062] The inventors have found that the high velocity fluid jet, for example air or water, makes it possible to intertwine certain fibers of the mat with those of the 2D fabric.

[0063] It is preferable to orient the fluid jet so that its component in the direction perpendicular to the 2D tissue is significant.

[0064] For example, the angle relative to the normal to the stack may be between 0° and 20°.

[0065] Indeed, this makes it possible to increase the probability that the fluid flow carries fibers from the mat in the perpendicular direction, and that a fiber thus carried can become entangled with the 2D fabric.

[0066] For example, a jet will be said to be “high velocity” if its pressure is greater than or equal to 6 bars.

[0067] Such a manufacturing method makes it possible to obtain a fibrous texture whose resistance to delamination is greater than that of a fibrous texture formed by a stack of 2D fabrics, while being less complex and less expensive than a 3D weaving method.

[0068] In an embodiment in which the fibrous texture comprises more than two layers of mat, and in which the bonding is achieved by fibers of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric, the texture can be obtained by carrying out a step of exposing the assembly to a jet of high velocity fluid after each arrangement of a mat of fibers.

[0069] In other words, the process for manufacturing the texture may comprise the following steps: - the arrangement of a mat on a 2D fabric; - exposure of the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet; - the provision of a new 2D fabric and a mast to the already constructed assembly; - exposure of the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet; the last two steps can be repeated until the desired texture thickness is achieved.

[0070] In one embodiment, the method may comprise initial or final steps consisting of arranging at the ends of the texture thus formed a mat and / or a 2D fabric and exposing the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet, in order to obtain at the ends of the texture the desired nature: 2D fabric or mat.

[0071] In one embodiment, the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of a 2D fabric is a step of arranging a bonding layer on a surface of the 2D fabric and / or on a surface of the fiber mat, said bonding layer comprising an organic resin.

[0072] In one embodiment, the bonding layer may comprise, or even consist of, an organic resin chosen from polymethyl methacrylates (referred to as PMMA by acronym).

[0073] Indeed, these resins allow on the one hand excellent adhesion of the mat to the 2D fabric, and on the other hand are very simply degraded under consolidation conditions.

[0074] Thus, this method makes it possible to obtain an effective bond between the 2D fabric and the mat and not to require an additional step to remove the bonding layer.

[0075] In one embodiment, the bonding layer may further comprise short fibers, preferably of the same nature as that of the mat and / or the 2D fabric.

[0076] According to another of its aspects, the invention comprises a method for manufacturing a part made of composite material, comprising a step of consolidating a fibrous texture which has just been described to form a fibrous preform, and a step of densifying the fibrous preform by a physical or chemical process in the vapor phase.

[0077] This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a part made of composite material, for example made of ceramic matrix composite material, with a consolidation step similar to that of the prior art, but without requiring the use of 3D weaving. Brief description of the drawings

[0078] [Fig.l] [Fig.l] is a schematic representation of a 2D fabric.

[0079] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic representation of a fiber mat.

[0080] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a first embodiment.

[0081] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a second embodiment.

[0082] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a third embodiment.

[0083] [Fig.6] [Fig.6] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a variant of the second embodiment.

[0084] [Fig.7] [Fig.7] is a schematic representation of a fibrous texture according to a variant of the third embodiment. Description of the embodiments

[0085] The invention is now described by means of figures, present for descriptive purposes to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and which should not be interpreted as limiting the latter.

[0086] [Fig.l] represents a 2D fabric 102 seen from above.

[0087] Such a 2D fabric 102 comprises weft threads 11 and warp threads 21 perpendicular to each other.

[0088] The weft threads 11 pass respectively above (point 12) and below (point 13) the warp threads 21 to form a flat fabric, here in the plane of the sheet.

[0089] It should be seen that in the third dimension, the 2D fabric is not strictly planar and that a point 12 where the weft threads pass above the warp threads forms a bump on a surface of the fabric, whereas conversely, a point 13 where the weft threads 11 pass below the warp threads 21 forms a hollow on this surface.

[0090] Furthermore, the arrangement of the weft threads 11 and the warp threads 21 leaves empty spaces 14 at the crossing points.

[0091] [Fig.l] is very schematic, and in particular the scale is not representative.

[0092] Nevertheless, whatever the tension of the weft 11 and warp 12 threads, there remain spaces 14 at the intersection of the threads 11 and 12.

[0093] [Fig.2] illustrates, in a particular embodiment, a mat 101 of fibers 40.

[0094] Such a mat 101 comprises a coherent set of natural fibers and / or manufactured fibers arranged randomly or not in relation to each other and linked together by gluing and / or by entanglement of the fibers to the exclusion of textile operations and in particular weaving, braiding and knitting.

[0095] As illustrated, the fibers 40 do not have a regular weave, and are not organized here in any arrangement, whatever the scale.

[0096] Nevertheless, the fiber mat 101 comprises fibers which, thus entangled, form a coherent whole which can be manipulated.

[0097] Advantageously, a fiber mat can be obtained by entangling fibers with a length of between 1 mm and 50 mm, or even between 5 mm and 25 mm.

[0098] Such a fiber length ensures that the fibers of the mat can intertwine sufficiently with each other and that the mat thus has a certain hold.

[0099] Figures 3 to 7 show fibrous textures in certain embodiments of the invention.

[0100] [Fig.3] shows a stack comprising a fiber mat 101 and a 2D fabric 102 bonded by a bonding layer 201. More specifically, a surface of the fiber mat 101 is bonded to a surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0101] The bonding layer 201 may be a layer of a polymethyl methacrylate resin, also called PMMA, with a thickness less than or equal to 50 μm.

[0102] For example, such a bonding layer 201 may be applied by spraying or aerosolizing.

[0103] In the embodiment described in [Fig.3], and although the bonding layer 201 is shown between the layer 101 and the layer 102, it should nevertheless be understood that the thicknesses are not to scale and that despite the presence of the bonding layer 201, the mat 101 and the 2D fabric 102 can be said to be arranged against each other.

[0104] In the embodiment shown in [Fig.3], the portion of the mat and the portion of 2D fabric linked together are respectively formed by the entire upper surface of the fiber mat 101 and the entire lower surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0105] However, in another embodiment, the bonding surface 201 could cover only a portion of a surface of the fiber mat 101 and / or only a portion of a surface of the 2D fabric 102.

[0106] In one embodiment, the portion of the mat bonded to a portion of the 2D fabric may be formed from a portion of the fibers of the mat.

[0107] [Fig.4] illustrates such an embodiment in an extremely schematic manner.

[0108] As shown in [Fig.4], the 2D fabric comprises a layer of weft yarns 11 and a layer of warp yarns 21 in a regular manner.

[0109] The mat 10 on the other hand comprises an entanglement of fibers 40.

[0110] The majority 40b of the fibers constituting the mat are included in the plane of the mat. However, some of the fibers 40a of the mat are caught in the interstices 14 of the 2D fabric.

[0111] It is these latter which ensure the connection between the 2D fabric and the mat, and which give the entire texture better resistance to delamination than the textures of the prior art.

[0112] In [Fig.4], the weft threads 11 of the 2D fabric 102 are shown thicker than the fibers 40 of the mat 101. This distinction is for illustrative purposes only, and no conclusions should be drawn from it as to the relative thicknesses of the elements shown.

[0113] To produce a texture in the embodiment of [Fig.4], a fiber mat 101 arranged on a 2D fabric 102 can for example be subjected to a high velocity fluid jet 1002 oriented in a direction outside the plane of the 2D fabric.

[0114] This embodiment is shown in [Fig.5], in which a high velocity fluid jet 1002 is emitted by a nozzle 1001 in a direction perpendicular to the texture.

[0115] For example, the high velocity fluid jet may be oriented in a direction offset from the normal to the 2D tissue by an angle between 0° and 20°.

[0116] Under the effect of this jet, certain fibers of the mat can orient themselves in the direction of the jet, i.e. in a direction outside the plane of the initial mat.

[0117] In particular, these fibers can then pass through orifices 14 of the 2D fabric, and thus give the fibrous texture increased resistance to delamination.

[0118] Indeed, statistically, these fibers remain attached to the 2D fabric which increases the resistance to delamination of the whole.

[0119] The embodiment of [Fig.6] corresponds to a more complex stack further comprising a second fiber mat 101.

[0120] More specifically, in the fibrous texture of [Fig.6] there is present a first fiber mat 101a in contact with a 2D fabric 102 and bonded to the latter by a first bonding layer 201a, and the 2D fabric layer 102 is further bonded by a second bonding layer 201b to a second fiber mat 101b.

[0121] Furthermore, it does not go beyond the scope of the invention if the layers are bonded by fibers of the out-of-plane mat 40a as shown in [Fig.4].

[0122] In such a case and as shown in [Fig.4], the bonding layers 201a, 201b may not be present.

[0123] In another embodiment, however, it is possible for the connection between the mat and the 2D fabric to be provided on the one hand by a connecting layer and by fibers out of plane of the mat.

[0124] This embodiment makes it possible to obtain fibrous textures of greater thicknesses, while ensuring that they still have improved resistance to delamination compared to a stack of 2D fabrics of the prior art.

[0125] Delamination resistance is understood as the ability of the fibrous texture to retain its integrity when subjected to shear whose force is oriented in the plane of the 2D fabric or to a tensile force whose force is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the 2D fabric.

[0126] [Fig. 6] represents a layer of 2D fabric 102 between two layers of fiber mat 101, but it would not be outside the scope of the invention if the fiber texture comprised a layer of fiber mat 101 between two layers of 2D fabric 102.

[0127] The stacking is also not limited to three layers as shown in [Fig.6].

[0128] [Fig.7] is intended to specify that the stack can comprise a greater number of layers symbolized by the dotted lines, provided that the alternation of a fiber mat 101 then a 2D fabric 102 is respected.

[0129] In [Fig.7], each layer is linked to the next by a linking layer 201

[0130] As for [Fig.6], it is not outside the scope of the invention if the stack comprises at each of its ends a layer of fiber mat 101, or a layer of 2D fabric 102.

[0131] As indicated, Figures 6 and 7 consider the case where a bonding layer 201 is present at the common surface between a mat layer 101 and a 2D fabric layer.

[0132] In an embodiment not shown, layers 101 and 102 may be bonded by fibers of each layer 101 entangled in adjacent layers 102. In such a case, bonding layers 201 may not be present and each layer 101 will nevertheless be considered bonded to adjacent layers 102.

[0133] Preferably, the creation of the entanglement is done via exposure to a high velocity fluid jet as shown in [Fig.5].

[0134] This entanglement can be carried out after each positioning of a layer of mat 101, or after the positioning of a plurality of layers 101 and 102 alternately, or even after the arrangement of each layer 101, 102. Preferably, each step of exposing the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet can comprise a first application of a fluid jet on a first end surface of the assembly and a second application of a fluid jet on a second end surface of the assembly, opposite the first end surface.

[0135] In embodiments not shown, the fibrous texture can then be subjected to consolidation and then densification steps to obtain a part made of composite material.

[0136] Such steps are known to those skilled in the art, but the textures described make it possible to obtain, at the end of the consolidation step, a consolidated fibrous texture whose resistance to delamination is much greater than that of a stack of 2D fabric which would have been subjected to an identical consolidation step.

Claims

Claims

1. A fibrous texture comprising a stack of at least one fiber mat (101) and a 2D fabric (102), a surface of said mat being disposed against a surface of said 2D fabric, at least a portion of the mat being further bonded to at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

2. A fibrous texture according to claim 1, wherein the fiber mat (101) is bonded to the 2D fabric (102) by fibers (40a) of the mat entangled in the 2D fabric.

3. A fibrous texture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fiber mat (101) is bonded to the 2D fabric (102) by providing a bonding layer (201) on a surface of the mat and / or on a surface of the 2D fabric.

4. A fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the mat (101) and the 2D fabric (102) comprise silicon carbide SiC fibers.

5. A fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mat has a grammage of between 10 g.m2 and 500 g.m2.

6. A fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the 2D fabric has a weight between 250 g.m2 and 450 g.m2.

7. A method of manufacturing a fibrous texture according to one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises a step of forming a stack comprising a mat of fibers in contact with a 2D fabric and a step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the mat of fibers and at least a portion of the 2D fabric.

8. A method of manufacturing according to claim 7 a fibrous texture according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of the 2D fabric is carried out by exposing the stack to a high velocity fluid jet.

9. Manufacturing method according to claim 8 of a fibrous texture according to one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following steps: - arranging a mat (101) on a 2D fabric (102); - exposing the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet; - arranging a new 2D fabric and a mat to the already constructed assembly; then - exposing the assembly to a high velocity fluid jet; the last two steps being able to be repeated until a texture of desired thickness is obtained.

10. A method of manufacturing according to claim 7 to 9 a fibrous texture according to claim 3 to 6, wherein the step of forming a bond between at least a portion of the fiber mat and at least a portion of a 2D fabric is a step of providing a bonding layer on a surface of the 2D fabric and / or on a surface of the fiber mat, said bonding layer comprising an organic resin.

11. Method of manufacturing a part made of composite material, comprising a step of consolidating a fibrous texture according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to form a fibrous preform and a step of densifying the fibrous preform by a physical or chemical process in the vapor phase.

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