System comprising glazing and an optical device and method of obtaining the optical device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a glazing system comprising a vehicle glazing (100), the glazing (100) having a transmission window (111) suitable for receiving an emission beam (70) at a working wavelength in a near-infrared range. According to the invention, the optical device comprises a multi-prismatic element (20), attached to the glazing, the multi-prismatic element (20) comprising a multi-layer stack comprising a first layer (21) having a first optical refractive index n1 and a second layer (22) having a second optical refractive index n2, the multi-prismatic element (20) being arranged so that the second layer (22) is more external than the first layer (21), a structured surface (23) being defined between the first layer (21) and the second layer (22), said structured surface (23) having in the reference plane a profile structured by a series of prisms (24). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 2

Description

Title of the invention: System comprising a glazing and an optical device and method of obtaining the optical device

[0001] The present invention relates generally to vehicle glazing associated with a lidar placed in the passenger compartment.

[0002] Laser remote sensing (LIDAR or lidar), an acronym for the English expression "light detection and ranging" or "laser detection and ranging" (i.e., in French "detection and estimation of distance by light" or "by laser"), is being considered for road vehicles, particularly autonomous ones, to improve safety.

[0003] Recently, it has been proposed to place a lidar behind the windshield of a road vehicle to protect it from external conditions. However, this arrangement of the lidar behind a windshield, particularly a sloping one, presents several difficulties. The lidar is generally installed in the upper part of the passenger compartment (upper windshield area) so that the beams emitted and received by the lidar pass through the glazing in an area close to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing. On the one hand, the lidar is quite bulky and must be positioned so as not to obstruct the driver's view. On the other hand, the lidar generates a near-infrared beam with a field of view that has a vertical and horizontal angular aperture. Projecting the beam onto the glazing requires reserving an area of ​​the glazing for the transmission of this near-infrared beam (called the near-infrared transmission window).This reserved area should preferably be as small as possible, particularly in the vertical direction, so as not to obstruct the view through the glazing.

[0004] In practice, the manufacturer of the LIDAR provides that the beam emitted by the lidar presents a given vertical field of view around a median direction of pointing.

[0005] Document WO2023 / 274854 discloses a glazing system comprising a lidar oriented towards the inner face of the inclined glazing of a road vehicle and a prism placed on the inner face of the glazing, to increase the vertical opening of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle. However, this system is bulky and heavy.

[0006] It is desirable to propose an alternative glazing without the aforementioned disadvantages, still capable of reducing the spatial extent of the lidar emission beam on the windshield while preserving the vertical field of view of the lidar exiting the glazing.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention proposes a glazing system comprising vehicle glazing, particularly road vehicle glazing, the glazing, particularly windshield, particularly curved, comprising: a first sheet of glass (particularly clear) intended to form the outer glazing with a first external principal face and a second principal face oriented towards the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated (preferred embodiment), comprising a second sheet of glass intended to form the inner glazing with a third principal face oriented towards the second principal face and a fourth principal face oriented towards the passenger compartment, and a polymer laminate interlayer (in particular polyvinyl butyral PVB or ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer EVA or thermoplastic polyurethane TPU) disposed between the second internal principal face and the third principal face, the glazing being intended to form an angle of inclination (|3) of less than 90 degrees and even of at most 60 or 50 degrees, with a horizontal axis (X) (in the reference plane), in particular the glazing having an upper longitudinal edge and a lower longitudinal edge

[0008] The glazing has a near-infrared transmission window at a working wavelength in a near-infrared range, in particular a range from 800nm ​​to 1800nm, in particular from 850nm to 1600nm, in particular 905±30nm and / or 1550±30nm, the transmission window being suitable for receiving an emission beam at said working wavelength from a lidar vision system intended to be disposed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, the emission beam having, in a reference plane which is a lateral cutting plane of the glazing (comprising said horizontal axis X), a median direction of pointing and, the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle (normal to said horizontal axis).

[0009] In the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device (which has a first surface, called the front surface, oriented outwards and a second surface, opposite to the first surface, oriented towards the passenger compartment, called the rear surface), the emission beam extending over an internal field of view having an internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) determined inside the vehicle (upstream of the glazing) and at the exit of the glazing having an external field of view with an external vertical angular opening (FOV2).

[0010] According to the invention, the optical device comprises a multi-prismatic element, linked to the glazing (linked to the second main face of the first sheet in particular within the chosen laminated glazing, or linked to the glazing by a junction in a through hole in particular forming a notch in the glazing), the multi-prismatic element comprising (and even made up of) a multilayer stack comprising a first layer having a first optical refractive index n1 greater than 1.00 and even 1.2, at the working wavelength and a second layer having a second optical refractive index n2 greater than the first optical refractive index n1 at the working wavelength in particular n2-n1 of at least 0.05 or 0.1.

[0011] The multi-prismatic element is arranged so that the second layer is more external than the first layer, in particular the second layer is flush or below flush with the first external main face (with a free exit face or one linked to a main face such as the second or fourth main face or that of a support, in particular multifunctional, in particular substrate), a structured surface being defined between the first layer and the second layer, said structured surface having in the reference plane a profile structured by a series of prisms (preferably contiguous), in particular prisms having in the reference plane a thickness (height) millimeter or submillimeter, each prism having an entrance face preferably flat (joined by an edge to another face).

[0012] The multi-prismatic element is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam on input faces of the series of prisms, each input face forming a determined angle with the vertical axis in the reference plane, and so that the emission beam at the output of the system has an external field of view with an external vertical angular opening greater than the internal vertical angular opening of the internal field of view.

[0013] The multiprismatic element, particularly one based on prismatic film(s) and / or prismatic coating(s), can be thinner than a macroprism that collects the entire LIDAR beam. Furthermore, it can be integrated within laminated glazing, even curved glazing. It is protected from the outside.

[0014] Preferably, the inner principal face of the first layer and the outer principal face of the second layer are parallel (flat or curved). The inner principal face of the first layer and the outer principal face of the second layer may follow the curvature of the glazing, particularly laminated glazing.

[0015] The first sheet (textured face F2) and / or the second sheet (in particular textured face F3) and / or the lamination interlayer of the laminated glazing can form the first layer and / or the second layer.

[0016] In particular, each prism has an entrance face joined by an edge to another neutral face, i.e., without optical function, which is flat or possibly of any shape if such a shape is simpler to manufacture. The prisms are arranged in series and advantageously joined together in pairs by another edge or, alternatively, joined in pairs by a valley.

[0017] Preferably the height of the prisms is uniform. It is preferred that the height (thickness) of the prisms (from the edge), taken in the first layer and / or in the second layer, be at most 1mm or 500pm or 100pm and in particular at least 20pm.

[0018] It is preferred that the total thickness of said multiprismatic element (including any substrate(s) in particular polymer carrier of the first layer and / or the second layer distinct from the first or second sheet of glass) be at most 1cm and even at most 5mm or even 1mm.

[0019] If within the laminated glazing it is preferred that the total thickness of said multiprismatic element (including any substrate(s) carrying the first layer and / or the second layer, distinct from the first or second sheet of glass) be at most 1mm and even at most 0.5mm or 0.4mm.

[0020] If the multiprismatic element is in an opening of a support, in particular a multi-function one, the main inner face (flat) of the first layer can be protruding on the passenger compartment side (and even the entry faces) if necessary to avoid a shading effect.

[0021] The multiprismatic element can be glued (face F4, F2, support) with an adhesive with a refractive index different by at most 0.1 (in absolute value) from the second layer.

[0022] The lidar vision system is spaced from the glazing, in particular from the main inner surface of the glazing (F2 if single or F4 if laminated) or from the first layer if the optical device is on or in a support, particularly a multi-functional one, by a maximum of 8 cm, 5 cm, or 3 cm. In particular, the lidar vision system is fixed to the glazing and / or to a body and / or to a support, particularly a multi-functional one, or to a housing or cover (individual or shared with other sensors, one or more other cameras, for example).

[0023] The multi-prismatic element can be located on a main face of the glazing, particularly laminated glazing, or in a through hole (complete) of the glazing, particularly forming a notch. The notch may be dedicated to an individual unit or is a common notch housing a support, particularly a multi-functional one (multi-sensor).

[0024] In the present text concerning a refractive index, a numerical index or a standard number (neither or nor etc.) is used interchangeably; for degrees, deg. or the symbol ° are used interchangeably; the term film or sheet is used interchangeably to designate a self-supporting element (an interleaving sheet becomes an adhesive layer after lamination). The term layer includes a sheet or a coating.

[0025] The glazing can be monolithic and comprises a sheet of glass or polymer (PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), or polycarbonate (PC) or mineral. The glazing is preferably laminated.

[0026] In particular, the median direction of pointing of the emission beam at the output (of the glazing) is deviated with respect to the median direction of pointing of the emission beam at the input (of the glazing), forming an output angle iO with respect to the horizontal axis in the reference plane, with iO = 0 + 5 degrees and even 0 ± 2 degrees.

[0027] Advantageously, the entry angle (a) of the entry face of each prism is selected so that the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than or equal to 26° and even to 30°, in particular, the entry angle (a) is at least -50° and less than 90°-[3 and even less than 20° (depending on ni and n2).

[0028] The median direction of the emitted beam having a non-zero angle of incidence, denoted i”, with respect to said normal, the angle of incidence i” being related to the exit angle iO by the following equation:

[0029] i - arcsin( Ttysini^ -pa-asin(s;sin(f - a-fi-asi sin(-f + p + ï'O)))^-

[0030] The choice of the angle of incidence (minimum angle, optimum angle) can be obtained using this equation. It depends on the torque ni, n2 in particular.

[0031] For a given refractive index ni or n2, the angle of incidence can be chosen according to the other refractive index n2 or ni.

[0032] According to a particular and advantageous aspect, the first refractive index ni is less than or equal to 1.52 and even greater than or equal to 1.20 (the second refractive index n2 is, for example, greater than or equal to 1.38 and less than or equal to 1.80), the angle of inclination (|3), the second refractive index n2 being given, in particular the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) being predetermined, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face of each prism is greater than or equal to a minimum entry angle amin ±2 degrees and even ±1 degrees, the minimum entry angle amin being calculated as a function of the variable first refractive index x=ni according to one of the following polynomial curves C1, C3 to C7 as a function of the second refractive index n2 and the angle of inclination (|3) - and even of the FOV2, in particular greater than or equal to 26° or 30°

[0033] Cl = -590.2 x3+2235 x2-2886 x +1247 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, n2=1.52± 0.03

[0034] C3 = -142 x3+500.8 x2-642.2 x +282.1 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.60+ 0.05 excluding 1.55,

[0035] C4 = -749 x3+2865 x2-3720 x +1617 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, n2 =1.52+ 0.03 ,

[0036] C5 = -343.5 x3+1280 x2-1649 x +710.9 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03,

[0037] C6 = -117.3 x3+411.4 x2-523.4 x +223.9 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03;

[0038] C7 = -24.69 x3+72.48 x2-108.3 x +65.04 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.80+ 0.15 excluding 1.65.

[0039] Thus, the reference curve is chosen as a function of n2, and the entry angle is deduced. In the case of a first textured layer with a fixed angle, the appropriate ni index material can also be chosen. In the case of a second layer textured with a fixed angle, you can also choose the right index material for the first layer.

[0040] According to another particular and advantageous aspect, the first refractive index ni is less than or equal to 1.52 and even greater than or equal to 1.20 and even greater than or equal to 1.3 (the second refractive index n2, in particular, is greater than or equal to 1.38 and less than or equal to 1.80), the angle of inclination (|3), the second refractive index n2 being given, in particular the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) being predetermined, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face of each prism being equal to an optimum entry angle ± 2 degrees and even ± 1 degree, the optimum entry angle being calculated as a function of the variable first refractive index x = ni according to one of the following polynomial curves DI to D7, in particular as a function of the second refractive index n2 and the angle of inclination (|3) - and the FOV2, in particular greater or equal to 26° or 30°

[0041] DI = -1451 x3+5503 x2-7038 x +3044 for the angle of inclination of 30 ± 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, n2=1.52± 0.03,

[0042] D3 = -435.7 x3+1595 x2-2008 x +884.3 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.60± 0.05 excluding 1.55,

[0043] D4 = -1687 x3+6436 x2-8230 x +3560 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03 ,

[0044] D5 = -537.7 x3+1996 x2-2522 x +1092 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03 ,

[0045] D6 = -120.1 x3+425.1 x2-529.4 x +237.5 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03,

[0046] D7 = -65.54 x3+207.9 x2-251.1 x +141 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.80+ 0.15 excluding 1.65.

[0047] According to yet another particular and advantageous aspect, in particular the first refractive index ni is greater than or equal to 1.20 and even less than or equal to 1.52, the second refractive index n2 is preferably less than or equal to 1.80 and even greater than or equal to 1.38 or 1.52, the angle of inclination (|3) and the first refractive index ni being given, in particular the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) being predetermined, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face of each prism is greater than or equal to a minimum entry angle + 2 degrees and even + 1 degree, the minimum entry angle being calculated as a function of the variable second refractive index x=n2 according to one of the following polynomial curves E1 to E5, in particular as a function of the first refractive index ni and of the angle of inclination (|3), and even of the FOV2, especially greater than or equal to 26° or 30°:

[0048] El = 292.91 x3-1548.71 x2+2787.76 x -1720.61 for the angle of inclination of 30 ± 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0049] E2 = 326.18 x3-1720.64 x2+3087.27 x -1892.29 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0050] E3 = 175.67 x3-942.52 x2+1733.38 x -1105.60 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35 degrees, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0051] E4 = 48.16 x3-281.00 x2+575.20 x -418.58 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0052] E5 = 398.71 x3-2143.54 x2+3904.30 x -2424.48 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, nor of at least 1.48 and preferably less than or equal to 1.52.

[0053] According to yet another particular and advantageous aspect, in particular the first refractive index ni is greater than or equal to 1.20 and even less than or equal to 1.52 and the second refractive index n2 is preferably less than or equal to 1.80 and even greater than or equal to 1.38 or 1.52, the angle of inclination (|3), the first refractive index being given, in particular the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) being predetermined, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face of each prism being equal to an optimum entry angle + 2 degrees and even + 1 degree, the optimum entry angle being calculated as a function of the variable second refractive index x=n2 according to one of the following polynomial curves Fl to F5, in particular as a function of the first refractive index ni and the angle of inclination (|3) and even the FOV2, in particular greater than or equal to 26° or to 30:

[0054] Fl = 696.64 x3-3624.25 x2+6337.74 x -3710.96 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees excluding 25°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0055] F2 = +87.53 x 3 - 4614.73 x 2 + 8060.01 x - 4709.71 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, ni = 1.40 + 0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0056] F3 = 236.33 x3-1257.17 x2+2264.37 x -1369.46 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35°, ni=1.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0057] F4 = 35.55 x3-206.23 x2+416.19 x -280.90 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48,

[0058] F5 = 1075.97 x3-5680.17 x2+10061.75 x -5970.16 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, nor of at least 1.48 and preferably less than or equal to 1.52.

[0059] Said structured surface can be structured in a single direction, the series of prisms (unidirectional) having edges parallel to each other in particular along an axis of at most 5 degrees or 2 degrees with the longitudinal axis.

[0060] Said structured surface can be structured along at least two directions, the series of (two-dimensional) prisms having two-dimensional geometric shapes polyhedra or pyramids.

[0061] Regarding the stacking with the first and second layer, it may include one or two films in direct or optical contact, one or two coatings in direct or optical contact.

[0062] The first layer may be in contact with the second layer, the structured surface being an interface. The stack may alternatively comprise an interfacial layer transparent at the working wavelength (for optical contact), in particular for bonding and / or camouflage, the interfacial layer being between the first layer and the second layer, the first layer presenting the structured surface in contact with the interfacial layer and the second layer presenting another structured surface opposite and conforming to the textured surface, the other structured surface being in contact with the interfacial layer.

[0063] The interfacial layer is for example an organic layer (resin), in particular a cross-linked adhesive layer.

[0064] Said structured surface is structured in a single direction, the series of (unidirectional) prisms having parallel edges, in particular along an axis of at most 10 or 5 degrees or 2 degrees with the longitudinal axis. Said structured surface is structured along at least two directions, the series of (two-dimensional) prisms having two-dimensional geometric shapes (polyhedra or pyramids).

[0065] Other non-limiting and advantageous features of the glazing system according to the invention, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations, concerning its arrangement in the glazing system (preferably laminated), and the choice of the first and second layers. These are described in the following paragraphs.

[0066] The second layer may be the first sheet with the second face textured, however, and / or the first layer may be the second sheet with the third face textured. However, other configurations may be preferred, leaving these sheets without texture (for example, with a functional conformal coating, etc.).

[0067] In one embodiment, one of the first layer and the second layer is textured to form the structured surface, and is a partially textured coating in particular on a glass or polymer film in particular thermoplastic or is a partially textured glass or polymer, in particular polycarbonate if the second layer is textured or polyester, PMMA, glass or fluoropolymer if the first layer is textured.

[0068] In particular, one of the first and second layers is textured, thus forming the structured surface, in particular a partially textured film or coating textured and the other among the first layer and the second layer being a cross-linked polymer layer possibly adhesive (in particular so-called OCA glue), in particular the first layer is made of polyacrylate or silicone and the second layer is preferably textured.

[0069] In a realization:

[0070] - the second layer is a glass and the first layer is chosen from a film of PMMA, an adhesive layer, thermoplastic or cross-linked material, in particular EVA or PVB, or in that the second layer is a polycarbonate film and the first layer is selected from a PMMA film, an adhesive layer of cross-linked material or the lamination interlayer, in particular EVA or PVB

[0071] -and / or the first layer is a coating on glass or plastic and the second layer is possibly the lamination interlayer of the laminated glazing or an adhesive layer or a support (plastic, glass) in particular multifunctional in a through hole of the monolithic or laminated glazing, in particular a through hole forming a notch.

[0072] In an implementation:

[0073] - the glazing is laminated, the second layer is bonded to the second main face by an adhesive layer, which is the lamination interlayer, or the lamination interlayer having an interlayer opening at the multi-prismatic element, the second layer is bonded by an adhesive layer to the second main face), in particular forming a camouflage layer or one of the first and second layers is formed in the lamination interlayer of the laminated glazing or in an adhesive layer), in particular forming a camouflage layer, the other of the first and second layers is textured thus forming said structured surface, in particular a partially textured film or a partially textured coating

[0074] -or the second layer is linked to a main rear face of a support, in particular multifunctional, in a hole through the glazing (laminated or single) by an adhesive layer, in particular forming a camouflage layer.

[0075] The second layer can be:

[0076] -linked to the second main face (in optical contact), preferably glued or in adhesive contact with the glazing, preferably laminated,

[0077] - and / or the second layer is disposed in a through hole in the glazing of preferably laminated, in particular through hole forming a notch, the multi-prismatic element wholly or partly in a partial or through hole of the glazing preferably laminated, in particular being linked to the glazing (via internal wall of the through hole) and / or being linked to a (multifunctional) support disposed in the through hole and linked to the glazing (to the internal wall of the glazing delimiting the through hole) preferably laminated.

[0078] The multi-prismatic element (in particular the first layer or a substrate (a part) of the first layer which is a textured coating) can be housed in a partial or through hole of the glazing in particular laminated in particular linked to a (multi-functional) support attached to the glazing and in the through hole (closed or through forming a notch).

[0079] The first layer can be the support, in particular multi-functional, or the multi-prismatic element can be linked to a main rear face of the support (multi-functional) transparent at the working wavelength or to an internal wall of a through orifice of the support (multi-functional, in particular too opaque at the working wavelength).

[0080] The support (or plate), particularly a multi-functional one, can be shaped and arranged to close the through hole in the laminated glazing, in particular by forming a notch. Preferably, the main external surface of the support is flush or slightly below the first face of the first glass sheet so as to form a continuous main external surface for the glazing. The support includes the near-infrared transmission window for the lidar. The support comprises, for example, a plastic material or glass transparent at the operating wavelength of the lidar. The support, particularly a multi-functional one (glass, plastic, etc.), is monolithic or laminated, for example, laminated glass with an inner layer of glass or plastic.

[0081] The support, in particular multifunctional (plastic, glass), in particular multifunctional, can be of a thickness of no more than 1cm or even 5mm.

[0082] The multi-prismatic element is for example a film (one piece) formed by molding and fixed to the main internal surface of the support for example by an adhesive.

[0083] The main internal surface of the multi-prismatic element can be flush with the main internal surface of the second glass sheet so as to form a continuous main internal surface for the glazing.

[0084] The multi-functional support can be attached (to face F4 or F2), for example, using masking adhesive on the glazing. The masking adhesive is, for example, a black OCA adhesive visible to the naked eye. The masking adhesive also serves to mask and protect the mounting plate. Furthermore, the masking adhesive conceals the lidar infrared vision system from view from outside the vehicle.

[0085] The support (or plate) is in particular multifunctional, preferably carrying one or more functional elements such as sensors and / or with one or more transmission windows in the visible, in the far infrared from 5pm to 20pm and even 8pm to 15pm, transmission window(s) in particular adjacent to the near infrared transmission window (in an upper and even central part of the glazing, of the windshield, in particular in a spare part of the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing).

[0086] The (multi-purpose) substrate may be, in particular, a plastic, especially an opaque one, filled with colorants, particularly black (carbon-filled, etc.), especially to ensure color continuity with the peripheral masking layer framing the glazing (limiting the color difference). The substrate is, for example, polyamide 66 (PA66), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), ASA (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate), or ABS / PC (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene / polycarbonate). It is preferably at least 1 mm thick and, for example, less than or equal to the thickness of the glazing, particularly in the case of a through-hole (especially a notch).

[0087] The second layer may be internal to the laminated glazing (between the second and third faces), in particular the second layer being bonded to the second main face of the laminated glazing and even the first layer being bonded to the third main face - or being the second sheet - and / or the multi-prismatic element is housed in a through hole in the glazing, in particular laminated glazing, in particular bonded to a support, in particular multi-functional, integral to the glazing, closed or through hole forming a notch, or the prismatic element is internal, the second layer being bonded to the second face of the monolithic glazing or to the fourth internal main face of the laminated glazing

[0088] In one embodiment, the second sheet of glass or plastic being transparent at the working wavelength, the first layer is bonded to the third main face by an adhesive layer transparent at the working wavelength, in particular by the lamination interlayer and / or the second layer is bonded to the second main face by an adhesive layer transparent at the working wavelength, in particular by the lamination interlayer or the second layer is in adhesive contact with the second main face.

[0089] The prismatic element can be internal, the second layer being linked to the fourth internal principal face of the laminated glazing or to a rear principal face of a part disposed in or under a through hole in the second sheet of glass (of the laminated glazing) and preferably the rear face of the first layer has an anti-reflective layer at the working wavelength.

[0090] Laminated glazing may have a through hole in the thickness of the second sheet (particularly at the periphery, therefore through-hole), the system comprising a part disposed in the through hole, or glazing comprising a through hole (complete) in the thickness of the second glass sheet, the lamination interlayer, or the first glass sheet, possibly forming a notch (complete), the system comprising a support disposed in the through hole (complete). The part or support being transparent at the working wavelength, the part or support having a principal surface bonded to the first layer, in particular the principal surface being textured so as to form said structured surface or the main surface having a textured coating so as to form said structured surface.

[0091] The glazing system may include in the near-infrared transmission window a piece (sheet) transparent at the working wavelength, in particular glass or plastic, disposed in or under a through hole in the second glass sheet of the laminated glazing and bonded to the second main face, piece forming the second layer or the first layer or bonded to the first layer, and preferably the face of the first layer opposite the structured surface has an anti-reflective coating at the working wavelength

[0092] In particular the part (sheet) has a main surface oriented towards the second main face which is: textured, part thus forming the first layer or having a textured coating forming the first layer, or having an adhesive layer forming the first layer or fixing the first layer and preferably the main surface of the part oriented towards the cabin has an anti-reflective layer at the working wavelength.

[0093] Preferably, the glazing system includes a peripheral masking layer linked to the second main face (mineral coating such as an enamel, black on the second face or an ink (black) on an interlayer, in particular PVB) and / or another masking layer on a surface of a support, in particular multifunctional, in a through hole (therefore complete) of the glazing, preferably laminated, or in a part in a through hole of the second sheet (partial hole of the laminated glazing), and in which the near-infrared transmission window has an opening in the masking layer (through or closed opening) and even the possible other masking layer.

[0094] The peripheral masking layer can protrude, for example, by a maximum of 1cm, 5mm or 1mm in the area of ​​the through hole of the second sheet (surrounding the optical device).

[0095] Preferably, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer, which is preferably a camouflage layer (or a heating layer), in particular disposed in the opening of a (peripheral) masking layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-prismatic element or forming part of the multi-prismatic element. In particular, the camouflage layer is adhesive (for example, made of a cross-linked material), bonding the multi-prismatic element to one of the main faces of the glazing or to a support, in particular a multifunctional one, in a through hole of the laminated glazing or of a part in a through hole of the second sheet of laminated glazing, or bonding the first textured layer with the second textured layer.

[0096] In the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing may include a functional layer, in particular a heating or hydrophobic layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-prismatic element or forming part of the multi-prismatic element, or even an anti-reflective layer.

[0097] The glazing system may include a lidar infrared vision system, the infrared vision system comprising a light source and a detection device in which the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) is less than 26 degrees, in particular between 10 degrees and 20 degrees, and in which the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) by at least 5° and even 10°.

[0098] Different types of lidar exist, depending on the angular aperture, spatial extent, and / or scanning of the emission beam. The lidar emission beam can be emitted along a unidirectional optical axis that is scanned in two dimensions, or the emission beam extends along a sheet that is scanned in a transverse direction, or the emission beam is flash-like and illuminates a volume of space without beam scanning. It is preferable to orient the median direction of the lidar emission beam as it exits the glazing so that it is approximately parallel to the ground, i.e., horizontal.

[0099] The lidar infrared vision system can be placed in a housing, for example made of plastic or metal. This housing can form a cover for the Lidar and more broadly for a set of elements (sensor components, camera(s) in this area) and thus cover areas of camera(s), sensor(s).

[0100] The housing is fixed to the main inner face of the glazing, in particular the fourth face of the second glass pane, or to a support, particularly a multi-function one (or mounting plate), fixed to the glazing, in particular to the fourth main face of the second glass pane of laminated glazing. Advantageously, the housing is removable. The housing is fixed, for example by clipping, to said support or to the innermost main face of the glazing and / or to a component of the vehicle (the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork), for example, the roof of the vehicle. For example (in its upper part), the housing is fixed to the inner face of the glazing (face F4 for laminated glazing) through the bodywork, which has a hole drilled for this purpose.

[0101] Examples of material pairs for the first and second layers are in the following table with, as an indication, their refractive index at 905nm which can be adjusted in the case of a crosslinked adhesive layer or a dense coating (low index) by the choice of material or in the case of a porous coating by the degree of porosity. first layer texture, nor second layer texture n2 (material) (material) Crosslinked adhesive no 1.2-1.45 PMMA (film) yes 1.48 Crosslinked adhesive no 1.2-1.55 PC (film) yes 1.6 Crosslinked adhesive no 1.2-1.5 Glass (first or second sheet or substrate) yes 1.52 Crosslinked adhesive no 1.2-1.5 Dense coating yes >1.5 PMMA (film) Possible (second sheet substrate, part) 1.48 Glass (first sheet second sheet or substrate) possible 1.52 PMMA (film) Possible (second sheet substrate, part) 1.48 PC (film) possible 1.6 Glass (film) Possible (second sheet substrate, part) 1.52 PC (film) possible 1.6 Fluoropolymer yes nl< n2 (1.2-1.45) PVB or EVA no 1.48 Porous coating yes nl< n2 (1.2-1.45) PVB or EVA no 1.48 dense coating yes nl< n2 (1.2-1.45) PVB or EVA yes 1.48 porous coating no nl< n2 (1.2-1.45) Glass or plastic (PC) yes >1.5 PVB, EVA no 1.48 dense coating yes >1.48

[0102] An adhesive interfacial layer (transparent at the operating wavelength of the LIDAR), and even a camouflage layer, can be placed between the first and second layers, which are not adhesive and therefore have an identical texture, for example between two polymer films such as PC (second layer) and PMMA (first layer) or between a polymer film (PC, PMMA) and glass (second layer). being the second sheet or piece) or between glass (first layer being the first sheet) and PMMA film (second layer).

[0103] As an example of a coating forming a first layer on a second textured layer, one can choose a layer possibly crosslinked adhesive or a layer for example low index (porous layer, resin or porous silica or even in low index material such as a resin), such as a fluoropolymer film.

[0104] The transmission window can be multispectral, in particular in the near-infrared and in the visible (for example to allow the use of a sensor operating in the visible and in this case, no camouflage layer is added in the visible) and / or in the far-infrared at a higher wavelength than the working wavelength of the lidar (for example to allow the use of a thermal camera or another infrared sensor).

[0105] The invention also proposes a method for obtaining said multi-prismatic element with the first layer having a refractive index ni and the second layer having a refractive index n2 for the glazing system comprising:

[0106] - definition of an angle of incidence i'' with respect to the normal to the glazing of a lidar pointing direction upstream of the glazing as a function of the exit angle i, the pointing direction downstream of the glazing relative to the horizontal, and the entry angle a, definition of i” according to the following equation EQ1:

[0107] _arcsin^^ï / ^f-fi-a-asin(^jsin(f -a-fi-asin(^sin(-j+fi+ij))

[0108] with [3 being said angle of inclination, n2 being greater than or equal to the working wavelength, in particular the first refractive index n2 being less than or equal to 1.52 and preferably greater than or equal to 1.20, and the second refractive index n2 being greater than or equal to 1.38 and preferably less than or equal to 1.80

[0109] -determination of the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view of the Lidar, the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view of the Lidar being fixed, by the following equation EQ2:

[0110] FOVl(a) = li"(a, i= iO+FOV2 / 2) - i"(a, i=i0- FOV2 / 2)l

[0111] with iO being an exit angle of a median direction of the pointed (45) of the lidar in downstream of the glazing relative to the horizontal, preferably iO = 0+5 degrees and even 0+2 degrees

[0112] - determination of the minimum entry angle amin such that the angular opening The external vertical angle (FOV2) must be greater than the internal vertical angle (FOV1) as defined above; in particular, FOV1 must be at most 30°, preferably the difference between the external and internal vertical angles is at least 5° and even at least 7°

[0113] - and / or determination of the optimal entry angle aopt to maximize the opening vertical angular (FOV2) of the external field of view relative to the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view, selection of a preferred angle equal to aopt±10 degrees and even ±8 degrees, ±5 degrees.

[0114] The invention also proposes a method for obtaining said multi-prismatic element with the first layer having a refractive index ni and the second layer having a refractive index n2 for the glazing system comprising:

[0115] - determination of an external vertical angular opening (FOV2), given by the following equation EQ3:

[0116] FOV2(a) = li(a, i''= i''0+FOVl / 2) - i(a, i” =i”0- FOV1 / 2)l

[0117] with FOV1 which is said internal vertical angular aperture

[0118] with i”0 angle of incidence with respect to the normal to the glazing from a median direction of the pointing (45) of the lidar upstream of the glazing

[0119] i") is given by equation EQU4

[0120] i (L «) = arcsin (n2sin (-arcsin ('^sin( -arcsin(777sin ( / )) - - a + Ç))+7-aP}) + 3 - P

[0121] n2 being greater than or equal to the working wavelength, in particular the first optical refractive index ni being less than or equal to 1.52 and preferably greater than or equal to 1.20, and the second optical refractive index n2 being greater than or equal to 1.38 and preferably less than or equal to 1.80

[0122] with [3 the angle of inclination of the glazing relative to the horizontal,

[0123] - determination of a minimal entry angle α such that the vertical angular opening external (FOV2) is greater than the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view; in particular, FOV1 is at most 30° or 26°, preferably the difference between the external and internal vertical angular apertures is at least 5° and even at least 7°

[0124] - and / or determination of the optimal angle aopt to maximize the angular opening external vertical (FOV2) relative to the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the field of view, selection of a preferred angle equal to aopt±10 degrees and even ±8 degrees, ±5 degrees.

[0125] Of course, the different features, variants and embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other in various ways insofar as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive.

[0126] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be implemented. The invention is not limited to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that, where the features mentioned in the claims are followed by reference numerals, these numerals are included solely for the purpose of improving the intelligibility of the claims and do not in any way limit the scope of the claims. Regarding the attached drawings:

[0127] [Fig.l] schematically represents in lateral section view a laminated vehicle glazing with an internal multi-prismatic element and a lidar infrared vision system;

[0128] [Fig.2] schematically represents a multi-prismatic element in lateral section view;

[0129] [Fig.3] schematically represents in perspective two examples of parts of a multi-prismatic element comprising a one-dimensional prism network;

[0130] [Fig.4] schematically represents in perspective two examples of parts of a multi-prismatic element comprising a network of two-dimensional pyramids;

[0131] [Fig.5] represents simulation curves of an angle of incidence i” of the median direction of pointing of the emission beam on the glazing as a function of the angle of entry a of the prisms of the multi-prismatic element with a vertical axis, for different values ​​of the first optical refractive index ni of the multi-prismatic element, the second optical refractive index n2 being fixed;

[0132] [Fig.6] represents simulation curves of the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the emission beam as a function of the angle a of the prisms of the multi-prismatic element with the vertical axis, for the different values ​​of the first optical refractive index ni of the multi-prismatic element, the second optical refractive index n2 being fixed;

[0133] [Fig.7] represents fit curves of the minimum angle of the entrance face of the prisms as a function of the second optical refractive index n2, for different values ​​of the first optical refractive index nB of the inclination angle [3 and of the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2);

[0134] [Fig.8] represents fit curves of the optimum angle of the entrance face of the prisms as a function of the second refractive index n2, for different values ​​of the first refractive index ni, the angle of inclination [3 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2);

[0135] [Fig.9] represents simulation curves of an angle of incidence i” of the median direction of pointing of the emission beam on the glazing as a function of the angle a of the prisms of the multi-prismatic element with the vertical axis, for different values ​​of the second optical refractive index n2 of the multi-prismatic element, the first optical refractive index ni being fixed;

[0136] [Fig. 10] represents simulation curves of the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 of the emission beam as a function of the angle α of the prisms of the multi-prismatic element with the vertical axis, for different values ​​of the second refractive index n2 of the multi-prismatic element, the first refractive index ni being fixed;

[0137] [Fig. 11] represents fit curves of the minimum angle of the entrance face of the prisms as a function of the first optical refractive index ni, for different values ​​of the second optical refractive index n2, the angle of inclination [3 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2);

[0138] [Fig. 12] represents fit curves of the optimum angle of the entrance face of the prisms as a function of the first optical refractive index ni, for different values ​​of the second optical refractive index n2, the angle of inclination [3 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2);

[0139] [Fig. 13] schematically represents in lateral section view a laminated glazing and a lidar infrared vision system according to a first embodiment in which the multi-prismatic element is arranged between the two sheets of glass of the laminated glazing;

[0140] [Fig. 14] schematically represents a detail view of [Fig. 13] in lateral section view in which the multi-prismatic element is laminated or assembled between two interlayer sheets, for example in PVB, of the laminated glazing;

[0141] [Fig. 15] schematically represents in lateral section view a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to a variant of the first embodiment;

[0142] [Fig. 16] schematically represents in front view a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to the first or second embodiment;

[0143] [Fig. 17] schematically represents in lateral section view a laminated glazing and a lidar infrared vision system according to a second embodiment in which the inner glass sheet of the laminated glazing has a through hole and in which the multi-prismatic element is formed, for example by molding, in a part inserted in the through hole;

[0144] [Fig. 18] schematically represents a detailed view in lateral section view of a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to a variant of the second embodiment;

[0145] [Fig. 19] schematically represents a detailed view in lateral section view of a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to another variant of the second embodiment;

[0146] [Fig.20] schematically represents a detailed view in lateral section view of a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to yet another variant of the second embodiment;

[0147] [Fig.21] schematically represents a detailed view in lateral section view of a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to another variant of the second embodiment;

[0148] [Fig.22] schematically represents in lateral section view a laminated glazing and a lidar infrared vision system according to a third embodiment in which the multi-prismatic element is arranged on the main internal face of the glazing;

[0149] [Fig.23] schematically represents in front view a glazing including a multi-prismatic element according to the third embodiment;

[0150] [Fig.24] schematically represents in lateral section view a glazing and a lidar infrared vision system according to a fourth embodiment in which the multi-prismatic element is arranged on the second internal main face of the glazing;

[0151] [Fig.25] schematically represents in lateral section view a glazing including and an infrared lidar vision system according to a fifth embodiment in which the laminated glazing has a through hole forming a notch on an edge of the glazing and in which the multi-prismatic element is in a support inserted in the notch;

[0152] [Fig.26] schematically represents a front view of a glazing of the [Fig.25];

[0153] [Fig.27] schematically represents, in lateral section view, a glazing unit including a multi-prismatic element according to a sixth embodiment in which the laminated glazing has a notch on one edge of the glazing, a support which is another sheet of glass or plastic being inserted into the notch and in which the multi-prismatic element is fixed to the inner face of this support in the notch;

[0154] [Fig.28] schematically represents the front view of the glazing of [Fig.27].

[0155] The figures are not to scale.

[0156] Figure 1 schematically represents a vehicle glazing (preferably a road vehicle windshield) in a reference plane, for example, laminated glazing with a first principal face 11 (denoted Fl) at the outermost edge and an inner principal face 14 (F4 or F2 if single glazing). For clarity, the vehicle is assumed to be on a horizontal surface. An orthonormal coordinate system XYZ is shown, in which the Z-axis is vertical, the X and Y axes are horizontal, and the X-axis lies in the reference plane. The reference plane is taken to include a normal to the laminated glazing and a vertical Z-axis in the vehicle. The positive direction of the angles used in this disclosure is also shown. Advantageously, the reference plane passes through the midpoint of the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the glazing and is a plane of symmetry of the glazing.

[0157] The vehicle on which the laminated glazing is installed or intended is, for example, a road vehicle (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach) or Laminated glass is particularly useful in railways (especially at maximum speeds of 90 km / h or 70 km / h, such as subways and trams). It is particularly well-suited for windshields, rear windows, and side windows (including quarter windows). Laminated glass can have at least one radius of curvature, making it curved. The thickness of laminated glass is denoted by E. This thickness is generally less than or equal to 1 cm, for example, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, or 6 mm, preferably no more than 5 mm.

[0158] The glazing 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, 1000 is installed or intended to be installed on a vehicle at an angle of inclination, denoted [3], with a horizontal axis in the reference plane considered. The angle of inclination [3] is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, and even at most 60 degrees, generally between 15° and 20° and preferably between 20° and 50°, for example 23° or 30° for a motor vehicle windshield. As indicated above, the angle of inclination [3] has a sign, which is positive here.

[0159] The glazing 100, 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600, 1000 has an upper longitudinal edge 10 and a lower longitudinal edge 10', for example, parallel to each other and even to the ground. The reference plane here is the lateral cross-sectional plane of the glazing comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis Z in the vehicle. The reference plane preferably passes through the midpoint of the upper longitudinal edge 10 and the midpoint of the lower longitudinal edge 10'.

[0160] An infrared vision system 7 lidar is placed inside the vehicle's passenger compartment, spaced and behind the laminated glazing.

[0161] As is known, the infrared vision system 7 comprises a light source 71 and a detection device 72. The light source 71 is arranged and configured to generate a near-infrared emission beam 70. The emission beam 70 is emitted at a working wavelength, LB1, within a spectral range from 800 nm to 1800 nm, in particular from 850 nm to 1600 nm, notably 905 ± 30 nm and / or 1550 ± 30 nm. The detection device 72 is arranged next to the light source 71 and configured to detect reflected radiation in at least a portion of the lidar's field of view outside the vehicle. Depending on the type of lidar used, the emission beam 70 is emitted in a direction which is swept in two transverse dimensions or the emission beam 70 extends along a sheet which is swept in a single direction transverse to the sheet or the emission beam 70 is flash and does not use scanning.With or without scanning, the emission beam 70 has a given vertical angular aperture and a given horizontal angular aperture.

[0162] In one application example, the infrared vision system 7 is placed behind the laminated glass forming the windshield of a motor vehicle, facing a window near-infrared transmission 111, transparent to the emission beam of the infrared vision system 7, which is preferably located in the upper and even central part of the windshield. The cross-sectional figures show examples of the windshield window 111 in different embodiments as well as the arrangement and orientation of the infrared vision system 7. In this window 111, the infrared vision system is oriented at a certain angle to the surface of the windshield, in particular to the fourth main face 14 (F4) of the second glass pane 2. In particular, the light source 71 can be oriented to form an angle θ with respect to a direction parallel to the ground, i.e. slightly inclined towards the sky, and preferably so that the angle of incidence is close to the normal to the surface of the windshield.In other words, the LIDAR light source 71 can be oriented towards the sky at an angle 0 with a field of view suitable for fulfilling its functions. The detection device 72 is generally oriented parallel to the light source 71.

[0163] In particular and preferred embodiments, the glazing is laminated glazing comprising:

[0164] - a first sheet of glass 1 intended to form the outer glazing with a first main external face called Fl oriented outwards and a second main internal face 12 called F2 oriented towards the passenger compartment; for a motor vehicle, the first sheet of glass 1 preferably has a thickness of at most 4mm, and even at most 3mm or 2.5mm, - in particular 2.1mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm- and preferably of at least 0.7mm or 1mm;

[0165] - a polymer laminate interlayer 3 having a principal face oriented towards the second internal main face 12 and a main face opposite the main face 38; the laminate interlayer 3 is single- or multi-layered, optionally neutral, clear, extra-clear or tinted, particularly grey or green, made of polymer material, preferably thermoplastic and even better polyvinyl butyral (PVB), preferably for a road vehicle with a thickness of at most 1.8 mm, better at most 1.2 mm and even at most 0.9 mm (and better at least 0.3 mm and even at least 0.6 mm), the laminate interlayer 3 is optionally acoustic and / or optionally has a cross-section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the glazing (in particular a windshield) for a head-up display (HUD); and

[0166] - a second sheet of glass 2 intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face 13 called F3 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 of the first sheet of glass 1 and a fourth main face 14 oriented towards the passenger compartment called F4.

[0167] The first sheet of glass 1, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silica-soda-lime, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of not more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably not more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and not more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the first sheet of glass is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, and in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, an OPTWHITE glass 1.95 mm thick is chosen.

[0168] For a road vehicle, the second sheet of glass 2 is preferably thinner than the first sheet of glass 1, even by no more than 3mm or 2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - or even by no more than 1.3mm, and preferably by at least 0.7mm, the sum of the thicknesses of the first sheet of glass and the second sheet of glass preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4mm, even 3.7mm.

[0169] In an example of the first embodiment, illustrated in Figures 13-14, the laminated glazing 1000 comprises:

[0170] - a first sheet of glass 1 intended to form the outer glazing with a first main external face 11 (Fl) and a second main internal face 12 (F2) oriented towards the passenger compartment; for a motor vehicle, the first sheet of glass 1 preferably has a thickness of at most 4mm, and even at most 3mm or 2.5mm, - in particular 2.1mm, 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm- and preferably of at least 0.7mm or 1mm;

[0171] - a polymer laminate interlayer 3 having a main front face oriented towards the second internal main face 12 and a rear main face opposite the front main face; the laminate interlayer 3 is single- or multi-layered; here the laminate interlayer 3 comprises at least an upper interlayer 31 with the outermost front face, a lower interlayer 32 with the innermost rear face and a multi-prismatic element 20, here internal, between the upper interlayer 31 and the lower interlayer 32, the interlayer possibly being neutral, clear, extra-clear, possibly serving for lidar camouflage, made of polymer material preferably thermoplastic and even better of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), in particular outside the near-infrared transmission window of the lidar, preferably for a road vehicle with a thickness of at most 1.8 mm, better at most 1.2 mm and even at most 0.9 mm (and better at least 0.3 mm and even at least 0.6 mm),The laminate interlayer 3 is possibly acoustic and / or may have a cross-section decreasing in a wedge shape from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield) for a head-up display (HUD); and,

[0172] - a second sheet of glass 2 intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face 13 F3 oriented towards the second internal main face 12 of the first sheet of glass 1 and a fourth main face 14 F4 oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0173] In a first configuration shown here in connection with Figures 13-16 and [Fig. 22], the second glass sheet 2, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodocalcium, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, is transparent at the operating wavelength of the LIDAR like the first glass sheet; for example, it has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, and in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. In particular, we chose an OPTWHITE lens of 1.95mm.

[0174] In a second configuration detailed later, in connection with Figures 17-21, 24 and even 25 to 28, the second glass sheet 2, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silicosoda-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, preferably has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2O3) by weight of at least 0.4% and preferably not more than 1.5%. The second glass sheet 2 is, for example, based on a glass manufactured by the Applicant called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), TSA5+, for example, green. A TSA3+ glass 1.6 mm thick is chosen, for example.To transmit the LIDAR beam, the second glass sheet 2 is perforated and preferably a piece (insert) is disposed in and / or under the through hole, linked to the second internal main face 12 and is possibly part of the prismatic element or the prismatic element is linked to this piece (front face side or rear face side of the piece).

[0175] Advantageously, at least in the near-infrared transmission window, the glass sheet or sheets are made of glass transparent in the near infrared, as for example described in patent documents WO2018015312 and / or WO2018178278.

[0176] In particular, in embodiments without a hole in the first glass sheet, the first glass sheet 1 is made of clear or even extra-clear glass. In embodiments without a hole in the second glass sheet, the second sheet is also made of clear or even extra-clear glass.

[0177] The windshield of a road vehicle, in particular, is curved. In a conventional and well-known manner, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of the first and second sheets of glass 1, 2 and the lamination interlayer 3. For example, a clear PVB lamination interlayer 3, for example 0.76 mm thick, is chosen here. or 0.38 mm thick. The lamination interlayer can alternatively have a partial or through hole in the near-infrared transmission window, the interlayer hole being aligned with the through hole 4 of the second sheet (see figures 18-21). The multiprismatic element can be within this through hole and even the interlayer hole, bonded to the second internal main face 12 by an adhesive layer (thinner interlayer layer of PVB (e.g., a plasticizer-free PVB or one with less than 30% plasticizer) or EVA adhesive layer or other OC A (film or coating)) and possibly forming a camouflage.

[0178] As illustrated in Figures 13-28, the laminated glazing is arranged to receive the near-infrared emission beam 70 from the lidar 7 in the transmission window 111, particularly in a gap in the masking layer 5 (upper longitudinal edge 501, lower edge 502) typically used, and even in a possible solar control layer 15 (silver layer stack) typically used within the glazing (on the second internal principal surface 12 or the third internal principal surface 13, or on a polymer carrier film, particularly polyester). The near-infrared transmission window can be located in an enlarged area of ​​the enamel layer, often in the center and at the top (lower limit 50 of this enlarged area).

[0179] In the reference plane, the lidar emission beam 70 has a median direction pointed at 40 and extends over an internal field of view having a determined vertical angular aperture FOV1. The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is, for example, at most 30 degrees or 25°, and preferably non-zero. Alternatively, with the emission beam 70 collimated, the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is zero (FOV1 = 0 degrees).

[0180] In [Fig. 1], the infrared vision system 7 is shown in two distinct positions and orientations. The lidar 7 is shown in dashed lines with a horizontal median direction 40 and the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. The internal vertical angular aperture of the emission beam 70 extends between the extreme lines or rays 41 and 42 in the reference plane (plane of [Fig. 1]). The internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 is the sum of the angle between the median direction 40 and the upper extreme ray 41 of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle (also called the half-angle aperture 0.5*FOV1) and the angle between the median direction 40 and the lower extreme ray 42 of the lidar beam 70 propagating inside the vehicle (also called the half-angle aperture 0.5*FOV1).

[0181] Through a conventional laminated glazing, i.e. without multi-prismatic element 20 of the present disclosure, the emission beam 70 is refracted through the laminated glazing of thickness E, assumed constant in the reference plane, and emerges (dashed lines) through the first external principal face 11 with a median direction of horizontal point 45 and its internal vertical angular opening FOV1. The median direction of point 45 is parallel to the horizontal median direction of point 40, and simply offset due to refraction through the laminated glass 100 of thickness E. The vertical angular aperture of the emission beam exiting the first external principal face 11 extends between the lines corresponding to the upper extreme rays 43 and lower extreme rays 44 in the reference plane. The upper extreme ray 43 is parallel to the upper extreme ray 41, and, respectively, the lower extreme ray 44 is parallel to the lower extreme ray 42. The vertical angular aperture of the emission beam exiting the first external principal face 11 is therefore equal to the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of the emission beam 70 incident on the laminated glass without a multi-prismatic element.The extreme upper radii 43 and lower radii 44 represent the extremities of the direction pointed outside the vehicle when the lidar scans the vertical field of view.

[0182] According to this disclosure, the laminated glazing 100 comprises a near-infrared transparent transmission window 111 including a multi-prismatic element 20 transparent to the working wavelength of the LIDAR.

[0183] In the first embodiment, illustrated in Figures 13-16, the multi-prismatic element 20 is internal, i.e. arranged within the laminated glazing, being linked to the second internal main face 12 of the first sheet of glass 1. According to the variant of the first embodiment illustrated in [Fig.15], the multi-prismatic element 20 integrates this second internal main face 12 which forms a structured surface 23 (the second sheet forms the second layer) linked to the lamination interlayer 3 thus forming the first layer.

[0184] In other embodiments, the multi-prismatic element 20 is external to the laminated glazing, and being internal, arranged on the passenger compartment side, being linked to the fourth main face 14 or linked to the second main face 12 or being within a support orifice, in particular multifunctional or on the main internal surface of this multifunctional support or even in a variant not shown, by integrating this fourth internal main face 14 forming the prismatic interface (the second sheet forms the second layer).

[0185] We will now explain the optical operation of the glazing with a multi-prismatic element and a lidar-type infrared vision system in relation to Figures 1 and 2. In [Fig. 1], the lidar 7 is shown as a solid line with a median direction of point 40 inclined at an angle, denoted 0, with respect to a horizontal axis and with the same vertical angular aperture FOV1. The multi-prismatic element 20 is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam 70 and so as to deflect the median direction of point 45 of the emission beam exiting the first external principal face 11, by a negative exit angle, advantageously equal to -0, towards the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the laminated glazing 100. Moreover, at the exit of the first external main face 11 of the laminated glazing 100, the emission beam 70 has an external field of view of external vertical angular opening FOV2 greater than the internal vertical angular opening FOV1.

[0186] Fig. 2 schematically represents an example of a multi-prismatic element 20 according to this disclosure, in the reference plane of the laminated glazing.

[0187] The multi-prismatic element 20 comprises a first layer 21 having a first refractive index ni and a second layer 22 having a second refractive index n2 greater than nb. The first refractive index ni and the second refractive index n2 are generally between 1.20 and 1.80. The second layer 22 may be in contact with the first layer 21 via an interface, defining the structured surface 23. More precisely, the structured surface 23 has, in the reference plane, a profile structured by a series of prisms 24. Each prism 24 has an entrance face 25 joined by an edge 27 to another face 26. Each face 26 is neutral, i.e., without optical function. The face 26 is flat or possibly of any shape if such a shape is simpler to manufacture.The prisms are arranged in series and advantageously joined together in pairs by another edge or, alternatively, joined in pairs by a valley. In the example of [Fig. 2] or 10, the prisms are all identical and of the same orientation. The entrance face 25 of each prism is here closer to the lower longitudinal edge 18 of the laminated glazing 100 than the other face 26 of the prism 24 under consideration.

[0188] In one embodiment, illustrated for example in [Fig. 3], the prisms 24 of the same series of prisms are one-dimensional and have parallel edges 27. For example, the edges 27 are all in a plane parallel to the ground, for example horizontal. In this way, the multi-prismatic element does not alter the horizontal angular aperture of the lidar emission beam.

[0189] According to a particular aspect, all the prisms 24 of the multi-prismatic element 20 form the same angle α with respect to the vertical axis Z.

[0190] The edges of the primes are sharp-angled. Alternatively, the edges of the prisms are rounded.

[0191] According to yet another particular aspect, the 24 prisms of the same series of prisms have two-dimensional geometric shapes, polyhedra or pyramids. For example, the series of 24 prisms form protruding or indented pyramids as illustrated in [Fig. 4] arranged according to a two-dimensional lattice.

[0192] In the first embodiment illustrated in Figures 13-14, the multi-prismatic element 20 is arranged between the two interlayer sheets or layers 31, 32 of the laminated interlayer 3, in particular PVB. The upper interlayer 31 of the laminated interlayer 3 is arranged between the second internal principal face 12 of the first glass sheet 1 and the second layer 22 of the multi-prismatic element 20. The lower interlayer 32 of the lamination interlayer 3 is arranged between the third main face 13 of the second glass sheet 2 and the first layer 21 of the multi-prismatic element 20.

[0193] For example, the second layer 22 of the multi-prismatic element 20 is shaped, for example molded or textured, to form the multi-prismatic structured surface 23, which is then filled with a material having the first refractive index n1 to form the first layer 21. Alternatively, the first layer 21 of the multi-prismatic element 20 is shaped (molded) or textured, which is then filled with a material having the second refractive index n2, to form the second layer 22. According to yet another variant, the second layer 22 is formed by the first sheet of glass 1, the second main face 12 is textured in the window 111 to form said structured surface 23 and preferably the first layer 21 is an adhesive layer.

[0194] Optionally, the multi-prismatic element 20 includes an interfacial layer 29, transparent at the working wavelength, disposed between the first layer 21 and the second layer 22. In this case, the first layer 21 has the structured surface 23 in contact with the interfacial layer 29 (in particular adhesive, possibly forming a camouflage layer) and the second layer 22 has another structured surface 123 opposite and conforming to the textured surface 23, the other structured surface 123 being in contact with the interfacial layer 29. The structured surface 23 is locally always parallel to the other structured surface 123. Consequently, the interfacial layer 29 does not deflect the lidar emission beam; only the first layer 21 and the second layer 22 are involved in the lidar beam deflection calculations.

[0195] The multi-prismatic element 20 is arranged so that the second layer 22 faces outwards, towards the second internal principal face 12 of the first glass sheet 1. In the transmission window 111, the multi-prismatic element 20 is locally planar or follows the local curvature of the glazing. In the reference plane to the laminated glazing, the multi-prismatic element 20 is inclined at the same angle of inclination [3] as the laminated glazing 100. In this reference plane, the entrance face 25 of each prism 24 forms an angle α with a vertical axis Z. As indicated above, the angle α has a sign, which is positive here.

[0196] The laminated glazing receives the lidar emission beam propagating along a median direction with point 40 inside the vehicle's passenger compartment. The median direction with point 40 forms an angle of incidence denoted i” with the normal to the fourth principal face 14 of the laminated glazing 100. The lidar emission beam is refracted and propagates in the first layer 21 with refractive index nb The multi-prismatic element 20 is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam 70 on the entrance faces 25 of the prisms 24. For example, for a lidar beam performing an angular scan in the reference plane to emit an emission point in angular steps of 0.5 degrees, the dimension of the prisms is adapted according to the distance d to receive the lidar emission points on a series of entrance faces 25 of the multi-prismatic element 20. Of course, the series of prisms generally includes more than three prisms.

[0197] The lidar beam is transmitted through the first layer with refractive index n1 and then refracted through the entrance face 25 of a prism to the second layer with refractive index n2, greater than n1. Depending on the variant, the lidar beam is then transmitted through the upper interlayer 31 and / or the first glass sheet 1. The median direction of the lidar emission beam emerging from the first external principal face 11 forms an angle r with the normal to the first glass sheet 1. The angle r = -ji / 2 - [3 - i] is calculated, in which the exit angle i represents the angle of the median direction of the beam outside the vehicle's passenger compartment relative to the horizontal. The relationship between the angle of incidence i” and the exit angle i is expressed by the following equation:

[0198] i _ arcsin^jsZ / ^y -fi-a-asin(^|sin(f -a-fi-asin(^sin(-f + fi+i)))

[0199] The multi-prismatic element 20 thus makes it possible to increase the vertical angular opening FOV2 of the emission beam exiting through the first external principal face 1 of the laminated glazing.

[0200] The angle of incidence i'' of the lidar beam inside the vehicle can thus be calculated for a median direction pointed horizontally 45° outside the vehicle as a function of the angle α of the prisms with the vertical axis. A target value is defined for the vertical angular aperture FOV2, for example 30 degrees, of the field of view of the lidar emission beam outside the vehicle. The multi-prismatic device advantageously comprises 24 prisms, each forming an angle α less than 90 - 3 degrees.

[0201] A method for determining the angle a of the prisms as a function of the other parameters of the multi-prismatic element 20 is now described.

[0202] In a first example of this method, related to Figures 5 to 8, the second refractive index n2 is considered to be predetermined, preferably being greater than or equal to 1.38 and less than or equal to 1.80. Thus, the multi-prismatic element 20 has a fixed first refractive index ni, and the second refractive index n2 is varied. For example, the second layer 22 is here a glass having a refractive index n2 of 1.52. The external vertical angular aperture FOV2 is also predetermined. here equal to 30 degrees. In [Fig. 5], several curves representing the angle of incidence i” as a function of the angle a with the vertical axis Z of the prisms 24 of the multi-prismatic element 20 have been plotted for different values ​​of the first refractive index ni between 1.20 and 1.60: for example, ni being equal to 1.20, 1.30, 1.40, 1.52 or 1.60. It can be observed in [Fig. 5] that the curves corresponding to a first layer 21 having a first refractive index ni lower than that of the second layer 22 (here glass) make it possible to obtain a positive angle of incidence i”, which makes it possible to decrease the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. On the other hand, the curves corresponding to a first layer 21 having a first optical refractive index neither greater than nor equal to (ni = 1.60 or ni = 1.52) that of the second layer 22 (n2 = 1.52) do not allow obtaining a positive angle of incidence i”.The same method is applied for other values ​​of the optical index nh. Pairs of possible values ​​(nB a) corresponding to a minimum internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 are deduced, as shown in the following Table I. ni a (degrees) 1.20 16 1.30 7 1.35 2 1.40 -5 1.45 -14 1.48 -21

[0203] Table I

[0204] To obtain these pairs of values, curves of the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 are calculated, fixing the value of the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 for different values ​​of the first refractive index nh. In [Fig. 6], several curves representing the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 are plotted, for an internal vertical angular aperture FOV1 of 30 degrees and for first refractive index values ​​ni of 1.20, 1.30, 1.40, and 1.60, respectively. These curves allow the ranges of entry angle values ​​a to be determined, maximizing the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 for each value of refractive index ni and for the determined value of FOV1.In the following table II, we have indicated the minimum values ​​amin and maximum amax of the prism entry angle allowing to obtain a value of FOV2 greater than FOV1 and the optimal value of the angle aopt allowing. to maximize the vertical angular aperture FOV2 relative to FOV1 equal to 30 degrees, for different values ​​of the first refractive index nb ni aopt (degrees) amin (degrees) amax (degrees) 1.20 16 -18 60 1.30 7 -24 60 1.35 2 -28 60 1.40 -5 -33 60 1.45 -14 -38 60 1.48 -21 -42 60

[0205] Table II

[0206] By applying the method indicated above, curves of fit of the values ​​of the minimum angle amin are calculated as a function of the second optical refractive index n2 for different values ​​of the first optical refractive index n^ for different values ​​of the angle of inclination [3 and the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view.

[0207] The following polynomial fitting curves El to E6 are obtained as a function of the second variable refractive index x=n2, illustrated in [Fig.7]: El = 292.91 x3-1548.71 x2+2787.76 x -1720.61 for [3=+30deg, ni=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, E2 = 326.18 x3-1720.64 x2+3087.27 x -1892.29 for [3=+20deg, ni=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, E3 = 175.67 x3-942.52 x2+1733.38 x -1105.60 for [3=+45deg, ni=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, E4 = 48.16 x3-281.00 x2+575.20 x -418.58 for [3=+60deg, ni=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, E5 = 398.71 x3-2143.54 x2+3904.30 x -2424.48 for [3=+30deg, ni=1.48 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, E6 = 459.88 x3-2444.51 x2+4396.61 x -2692.71 for [3=+30deg, ni=1.48 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 26 degrees.

[0208] In a similar way, curves for fitting the values ​​of the optimal value of the angle aopt are calculated as a function of the second optical refractive index n2 for different values ​​of the first optical refractive index ni and for different values ​​of the angle of inclination [3 and the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view.

[0209] The following polynomial fitting curves Fl at F6 are obtained as a function of the second variable refractive index x=n2, illustrated in [Fig.8]: Fl = 696.64 x3-3624.25 x2+6337.74 x -3710.96 for [3=+30deg, n1=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, F2 =±87.53 x3-4614.73 x2+8060.01 x -4709.71 for [3=+20deg, n1=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, F3 = 236.33 x 3 - 1257.17 x 2 + 2264.37 x - 1369.46 for [3=+45deg, n1=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, F4 = 35.55 x 3 - 206.23 x 2 + 416.19 x - 280.90 for [3=+60deg, ni=1.40 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, F5 = 1075.97 x3-5680.17 x2+10061.75 x -5970.16 for [3=+30deg, n1=1.48 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, F6 = 1041.02 x3-5496.39 x2+9740.87 x -5784.49 for [3=+30deg, n1=1.48 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 26 degrees.

[0210] In a second example of this method, related to Figures 9 to 12, the first refractive index ni is considered to be fixed, for example equal to 1.45, the second refractive index n2 being greater than or equal to 1.20 and less than or equal to 1.52. Thus, the multi-prismatic element 20 has a fixed first refractive index ni and the second refractive index n2 is varied. The external vertical angular aperture FOV2 is also predetermined, here equal to 30 degrees. In [Fig.9], several curves have been drawn representing the angle of incidence i” as a function of the angle a with the vertical axis Z of the prisms 24 of the multi-prismatic element 20 for different values ​​of the second refractive index n2 between 1.38 and 1.80, n2 being greater than or equal to ni: for example n2 being equal to 1.45, 1.48, 1.52 or 1.60. We observe in [Fig.[9] that the curves corresponding to a second layer 22 having a second refractive index n2 greater than that of the first layer 21 allow obtaining a positive angle of incidence i”, which makes it possible to decrease the internal vertical angular aperture FOV1. The same method is applied for other values ​​of the optical index ni. These curves make it possible to determine the ranges of angle values ​​a allowing increasing the external vertical angular aperture FOV2, for each value of refractive index n2 and for the determined value of FOV1. In the following Table III, the minimum values ​​amin and maximum amax of the prism angle allowing obtaining a value of FOV2 greater than FOV1 and the optimal value of the angle aopt allowing maximizing the vertical angular aperture FOV2 with respect to FOV1 equal to 30 degrees are indicated, for different values ​​of the second refractive index n2. n2 aopt (degrees) amin (degrees) amax (degrees) 1.45 50 -50 60 1.48 -24 -44 60 1.52 -14 -38 60 1.60 -1 -29 60 1.70 8 -21 60 1.80 14 -15 60

[0211] Table III

[0212] To obtain these values, curves of the external field of view's vertical angular aperture FOV2 are calculated, fixing the value of the internal field of view's vertical angular aperture FOV1 for different values ​​of the first refractive index nb. In [Fig. 10], several curves representing the external field of view's vertical angular aperture FOV2 are plotted for an internal field of view's vertical angular aperture FOV1 of 30 degrees and for the values ​​of the second refractive index n2 of 1.45, 1.48, 1.52, and 1.60, respectively. These curves allow the determination of the optimal ranges of angle values ​​aopt that maximize the external field of view's vertical angular aperture FOV2 for each refractive index value ni and for the determined value of FOV1.Table IV below shows the optimal value of the angle aopt and the corresponding value of the external vertical angular aperture FOV2 for FOV1 equal to 30 degrees, as well as the size L of the window. This method minimizes the size L of the transmission window. n2 aopt (degrees) FOV2 (degrees) L (mm) 1.45 50 30 6.8 1.48 -24 27 4.7 1.52 -13 25 3.8 1.60 -1 22 2.9 1.70 8.00 21 2.4 1.80 14 20 2.2

[0213] Table IV

[0214] By applying the method indicated above, curves of fit of the values ​​of the minimum angle amin are calculated as a function of the first optical refractive index ni, for different values ​​of the second optical refractive index n2 and for different values ​​of the angle of inclination [3 and the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view.

[0215] The following polynomial fit curves Cl to C7 are obtained as a function of the first variable refractive index x = nl, illustrated in [Fig. 11]:

[0216] Cl = -590.2 x 3 + 2235 x 2 - 2886 x + 1247 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.52 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, C2 = -621.8 x 3 + 2364 x 2 - 3060 x + 1325 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.52 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 26 degrees, C3 = -142 x 3 + 500.8 x 2 - 642.2 x + 282.1 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.60 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, C4 = -749 x 3 + 2865 x 2 - 3720 x + 1617 for [3=+20deg, n2=1.52 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, C5 = -343.5 x3+1280 x2-1649 x +710.9 for [3=+45deg, n2=1.52 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, C6 = -117.3 x3+411.4 x2-523.4 x +223.9 for [3=+60deg, n2=1.52 and the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) less than 30 degrees; C7 = -24.69 x3+72.48 x2-108.3 x +65.04 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.80 and the vertical angular opening (FOV1) less than 30 degrees.

[0217] In a similar way, curves for fitting the values ​​of the optimal value of the angle aopt are calculated as a function of the first optical refractive index ni for different values ​​of the second optical refractive index n2et for different values ​​of the angle of inclination [3 and the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view.

[0218] The following polynomial D1 to D7 fitting curves are obtained as a function of the first variable refractive index x=n1, illustrated in [Fig. 12]: D1 = -1451 x3 + 5503 x2 - 7038 x + 3044 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.52 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, D2 = -1381 x3 + 5234 x2 - 6690 x + 2894 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.52 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 26 degrees, D3 = -435.7 x3 + 1595 x2 - 2008 x + 884.3 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.60 and the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, D4 = -1687 x 3 + 6436 x 2 - 8230 x + 3560 for [3=+20deg, n2=1.52 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, D5 = -537.7 x 3 + 1996 x 2 - 2522 x + 1092 for [3=+45deg, n2=1.52 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, D6 = -120.1 x 3 + 425.1 x 2 - 529.4 x + 237.5 for [3=+60deg, n2=1.52 and external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) less than 30 degrees, D7 = -65.54 x3+207.9 x2-251.1 x +141 for [3=+30deg, n2=1.80 and the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) less than 30 degrees.

[0219] Figures 13-28 show different embodiments of the multi-prismatic element 20, which in particular is separated from the glass sheets 1, 2.

[0220] These figures include the following common elements. The laminated glazing 200, 201 to 204, 300, 400, 500, 600 comprises a first sheet of glass 1, a lamination interlayer 3, and a second sheet of glass 2. The infrared vision system 7 is housed in a casing 8, for example, made of plastic or metal. The casing 8 is attached by a fastening means in a removable manner, for example, by clipping. The casing 8 is attached, for example, (fully) to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2 by the fastening means in a removable manner, for example, by clipping. Alternatively, the casing 8 is attached to a support 80, preferably multifunctional (a multi-sensor plate, with antenna, etc.), which is attached (bonded) to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2.According to another variant, the housing 8 is fixed to the face F4 or to the support 80 and also to an element of the vehicle, for example the roof of the vehicle, in particular to the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment and / or to the bodywork 160 which is glued to the periphery of the glazing (on face 14 or face 12 if partial hole or on the support 80 if through hole of the glazing) via an adhesive 60. A seal 161 (extruded etc) with preferably a lip 162 is between the bodywork 160 and the edge of the glazing (and even of the support 80 where applicable, see figures 25 and 27).

[0221] According to various embodiments, the light source 71 and the detection device 72 are arranged side by side in a vertical plane ([Fig. 13]), in a horizontal plane or in an inclined plane ([Fig.22]). The laminated glass advantageously includes a peripheral masking layer 5 (disposed between the first glass sheet 1 and the lamination interlayer 3). The masking layer 5 is, in particular, on the second main inner face F2 12 of the first glass sheet 1 (enamel, etc.). The masking layer 5 is alternatively on the main front face of the lamination interlayer 3, 31 (ink on PVB). The masking layer 5 is opaque to visible and near-infrared radiation, for example, black, such as an enamel layer or a lacquer. The masking layer 5 is suitable for masking the lidar housing 8. The masking layer 5 has a cutout with dimensions larger than the horizontal and vertical fields of view of the lidar 7.The space in the masking layer allows the passage of the lidar emission beam 70 and the reflected beam towards the detection device 72. The space in the masking layer has, for example, a rectangular or trapezoidal shape with two long horizontal sides 501, 502 and two short sides (see figures of front views).

[0222] According to a second embodiment and its variants, the multi-prismatic element is manufactured separately (comprising at least one part 9) and inserted into a hole through 4 of the second sheet of glass 2 (see figures 17 to 21). In the different variants illustrated in figures 17 to 21, the laminated glazing has a through hole 4, here closed, in the second sheet of glass 2. The through hole 4 is for example trapezoidal in shape and has a first long side 401 or longitudinal edge called upper closest to the edge of the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing 10, preferably parallel to this edge 10, for example of length of at most 20cm, and preferably spaced from the edge 10 in particular by at least 5cm or 6cm, a second long side 402 or longitudinal edge called lower (furthest from the edge of the upper longitudinal edge 10, close to the central area) parallel to the first long side of length of at most 25cm or 20cm and preferably greater than that of the first long side for example 14cm, two short sides or lateral edges straight or oblique.The height (between the long sides 401 and 402) is, for example, at least 5cm.

[0223] Figure 22 represents a glazing unit 300 according to a third embodiment, in which the multi-prismatic element 20 is bonded, for example by an adhesive such as a camouflage layer 110, to the fourth main face 14 of the second glass sheet 2. This embodiment has the advantage of not weakening the structure of the laminated glazing. In particular, the multi-prismatic element 20 (block 9) is located within an opening 81 of a multi-functional support 80 drilled for this purpose. The through hole 4 in the second sheet may have rounded corners. The through hole 4 is advantageously located in a central peripheral region along the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the laminated glazing forming the windshield. The through hole 4, whether closed or open, may be located in another region of the windshield or even in another glazing of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.

[0224] According to a fourth embodiment, as illustrated in [Fig. 24], the through hole 4 is a partial notch, for example, trapezoidal or rectangular in shape, i.e., a through hole preferably opening on the roof side, body 160 (on the upper longitudinal edge 10). The through hole 4 may have rounded corners. The through hole 4 is advantageously located in a peripheral central region along the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the laminated glazing forming the windshield. The through hole 4, whether closed or open, may be located in another region of the windshield or even in another glazing of the vehicle, in particular the rear window.

[0225] The masking layer 5 has dimensions greater than or equal to those of the through hole 4. Preferably, the masking layer 5 is positioned directly above the through hole 4. The dimensions of the through hole 4 are adapted for the passage of the lidar emission beam 70 over the horizontal and vertical field of view of the lidar 7. The through hole also allows the passage of the reflected beam towards the detection device 72 over the entire field of view of the lidar.

[0226] In the second embodiment and its variants illustrated in Figures 17 to 21, the laminated glazing 100 comprises a part 9 disposed at least partially in the through hole 4. The part 9 is made of a transparent mineral material (in particular glass or glass-ceramic) or of plastic (PMMA, for example) at least at the operating wavelength of the lidar. For example, the multi-prismatic element 20 comprises the part 9. The multi-prismatic element 20 is here bonded to the main rear face of the lamination interlayer 3, preferably made of PVB.

[0227] Part 9 can be the first layer (it is textured) or bear a textured coating.

[0228] Alternatively, the lamination interlayer 3 is locally thinner at the right of the through hole 4, to form a more transparent upper interlayer 31 bonded on one face to the first glass sheet 1 and on the opposite face to the main front surface of the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 ([Fig.18]).

[0229] In the example illustrated in [Fig.19], the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 has a main bonding surface 91 at the front (outwards), which is bonded for example by a camouflage adhesive 110. Alternatively, this adhesive 110 forms the second layer 22 and the first layer is a textured part or with a textured coating oriented towards the face F2.

[0230] In the example illustrated in [Fig.20], the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 has a main front surface which is in adhesive contact (directly) with the face F2 12.

[0231] In the example illustrated in [Fig.21], the multi-prismatic element 20 including the part 9 has a main front surface which is bonded to a thin adhesive layer, for example, of PVB or EVA or OCA 31'. A camouflage film 110 is sandwiched between another thin adhesive layer on the face F2 12 and the thin adhesive layer 31'.

[0232] It is preferred that the prismatic element be spaced away from the walls delimiting the through hole 4. It can be placed before lamination (especially if the interlayer is kept even if thinned) or after lamination (in particular if layer(s) of OCA glue especially PSA).

[0233] In another example of the first embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 13], the lamination interlayer 3 has a cutout at the right of the through hole 4. In this example, the part 9 has the multi-prismatic element 20 arranged between two sheets 16, 17 of PVB and / or optically clear adhesive (or OCA for "Optically clear adhesive" in Anglo-Saxon terminology).

[0234] In the examples of the second embodiment illustrated in Figures 21 and 22, the multiprismatic element 20 (part 9) has a functional coating 110 on the surface facing the passenger compartment. The functional coating 110 is, for example, a Anti-reflective coating at the operating wavelength of the lidar. Patent document WO2022 / 200735 describes, for example, such an anti-reflective layer in the IR.

[0235] Advantageously, the first glass sheet 1, the laminating interlayer 3, the multiprismatic element 20 (part 9) with the antireflective element 110 have a total transmission of at least 90.0% at the working wavelength. Optionally, the glazing 100 further comprises a functional layer 110 disposed on the second internal principal face 12, referred to as F2, of the first glass sheet 1 ([Fig. 21]). The functional layer 110 is, for example, a heating layer transparent in the IR or a camouflage layer. Patent document WO2022 / 208025 describes, for example, a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, transparent in the IR, which allows for localized heating of the glazing. Patent document WO2022 / 219273 describes, for example, a camouflage layer disposed between the face F2 of a glazing and the front face of a part. Patent document WO2023 / 118710 describes, for example, an adhesive camouflage layer.

[0236] The housing 8 is preferably fixed by removable fixing means on a support 80 or plate fixed to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2.

[0237] According to a particular and advantageous aspect which can be combined with any of the embodiments described, the support 80 is multifunctional, arranged so as to allow the integration of several other sensors, such as a rain sensor 601 and / or an area for a thermal camera 602 and / or an area for a camera operating in the visible range 603. The sensors are for example arranged around the periphery of the plate 80 around the multi-prismatic element 20 dedicated to the lidar (see figures 23, 28).

[0238] Figures 23, 26, and 28 show a front view of glazing according to various embodiments. The edges 801, 802, 803, and 804 of the support 80 are visible, as are, optionally, the edges 401, 402, 403, and 404 of the through-hole. In Figures 27 and 28, the multi-prismatic element 20 is mounted on the support 80 inside the vehicle.

[0239] Advantageously, the glazing system includes a plate 80 forming a base for the multi-prismatic element 20, and optionally for one or more other sensors 601, 602, 603, such as a rain sensor, visible camera, etc. The plate 80 is connected to the rear main face 14 of the glazing and / or to the housing 8 and / or to the interior trim of the vehicle's passenger compartment. In one embodiment, the plate 80 is transparent to lidar radiation, the multi-prismatic element then being placed on the rear face of this plate 80, on the passenger compartment side, or even this plate forms the second layer if textured. In this case, the plate includes a masking arranged along the longitudinal edge to protect the glazing seals. In another Example of implementation, the plate is opaque or absorbent to lidar radiation, the plate 80 having a through hole or notch in which the multi-prismatic element is placed.

[0240] Figures 25 to 28 show glazing according to fifth and sixth embodiments in which the laminated glazing has a complete through hole 4 and even, in this case, a notch 4' through all the sheets of the glazing 500, 600, in particular the two glass sheets 1, 2, the lamination interlayer 3, and the masking layer 5, and in which the multi-prismatic element 20, preferably comprising a part 9, is inserted into the through hole and fixed to a support, in particular a multi-functional one, inserted into the notch 4' (Figures 27, 28). The through hole 4' or the notch passes through the first glass sheet 1, the lamination interlayer 3, and the second glass sheet 2 of the laminated glazing. The support (or plate 80) is shaped and arranged so as to close the through hole 4'.Preferably, the main external surface of the support 80 is flush or sub-flush with the main external surface 11 of the first sheet of glass 1 so as to form a continuous main external surface for the glazing 400 (see [Fig.25], 27).

[0241] The support 80 can form part of the near-infrared transmission window 111 for the lidar. In this case, the support 80 comprises, for example, a plastic material or glass transparent at the operating wavelength of the lidar. The support 80 is monolithic or laminated, for example, laminated with a plastic sheet. According to an advantageous feature, the support 80, positioned on the outer face of the glazing ([Fig. 27], 28), can have a hydrophobic outer coating that prevents raindrops from pooling. Such a hydrophobic coating comprises, for example, a fluoropolymer that provides self-cleaning, stain-resistant, and / or moisture-resistant properties.

[0242] The multi-prismatic element 20, for example formed by molding, is fixed to the main internal surface of the support 80 for example by a camouflage adhesive 6 for example 110. Optionally, the main internal surface of the multi-prismatic element 20 is flush with the main internal surface 12 of the second glass sheet 2 so as to form a continuous main internal surface for the glazing 600.

[0243] Figures 25-26 show an example of glazing 500 according to an example of the fifth embodiment in which the laminated glazing has a full notch 4' on one edge, here the upper longitudinal edge 10 of the glazing 400. The notch extends through all the sheets of the glazing 400, in particular the two glass sheets 1, 2, the lamination interlayer 3 and the masking layer 5. In this variant, a support 80 (opaque plastic, with an opening 81 housing the multi-prismatic element 20) is shaped and arranged so as to close the notch 4'. Preferably, the outer principal surface of the multi-prismatic element 20 is flush or slightly below the outer principal surface 11 of the first glass sheet 1 in such a way to form a continuous external main surface for the glazing 500. Optionally, a layer 101 is arranged on the internal main face of the multi-prismatic element 20 facing the interior of the passenger compartment.

[0244] In the fifth and sixth embodiments, in particular as illustrated in figures 25 and 27, the support plate 80 is fixed, for example by gluing or by a seal 61 to the glazing.

[0245] According to a particular aspect applicable to embodiments 500 and especially 600, a masking layer 82 (coating) is applied to the support 80 (which may be transparent), opaque in the visible and near-infrared regions, for example black in color, particularly at the working wavelength. The masking layer 82 protects against UV radiation, particularly the adhesive 60 if necessary.

[0246] According to a particular aspect applicable to all embodiments, a camouflage layer (adhesive or non-adhesive coating) is disposed on the front face of the multiprismatic element 20 or on the support 80 or face F2 or F4. The camouflage layer extends at least over the front surface of the multiprismatic element. Advantageously, the camouflage layer extends over the area of ​​the masking layer 5 so as to ensure the continuity of the masking layer 5. The camouflage layer is opaque in the visible spectrum, for example black, and transparent in the near-infrared, particularly at the working wavelength. The camouflage layer is in the form of a film or adhesive coating.

Claims

1. Demands Glazing system comprising vehicle glazing (100 to 600), the glazing comprising: a first sheet of glass (1) intended to form the outer glazing with a first external main face (11) and a second main face (12) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and, when the glazing is laminated, comprising a second sheet of glass (2) intended to form the inner glazing with a third main face (13) oriented towards the second main face (12) and a fourth main face (14) oriented towards the passenger compartment, and a lamination interlayer (3, 31) of polymer material disposed between the second internal main face (12) and the third main face (13), the glazing being intended to form an angle of inclination (|3) of less than 90 degrees with a horizontal axis, the glazing having a near-infrared transmission window (111) at a working wavelength in the near-infrared range, the near-infrared transmission window (111) being capable of receiving an emission beam (70) at said working wavelength from a lidar vision system (7) intended to be disposed in the vehicle's passenger compartment, the emission beam (70) having, in a reference plane which is a lateral section plane of the glazing, a median direction of pointing (40), the reference plane comprising a normal to the glazing and a vertical axis (Z) in the vehicle, in the near-infrared transmission window, an optical device, the emission beam (70) extending over an internal field of view having an internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1), inside the vehicle, at the exit of the glazing having an external field of view with an external vertical angular aperture (FOV2), characterized in that: The optical device comprises a multi-prismatic element (20), bonded to the glazing, the multi-prismatic element (20) comprising a multilayer stack including a first layer (21) having a first refractive index n1 greater than 1.00 at the working wavelength and a second layer (22) having a second refractive index n2 greater than the first refractive index n1 at the working wavelength, the element multi-prismatic (20) being arranged so that the second layer (22) is more external than the first layer (21), a structured surface (23) being defined between the first layer (21) and the second layer (22), said structured surface (23) having in the reference plane a profile structured by a series of prisms (24), each prism (24) having an entrance face (25), and in that the multi-prismatic element (20) is arranged and configured so as to receive the emission beam (70) on entrance faces (25) of the series of prisms (24), each entrance face (25) forming a determined entrance angle (a) with the vertical axis (Z) in the reference plane, so that the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1).

2. A glazing system according to claim 1, wherein the median direction of the pointing (45) of the output emission beam is deviated from the median direction of the pointing (40) of the input emission beam (70), and the median direction of the pointing (45) of the output emission beam forms an exit angle iO with respect to the horizontal axis in the reference plane, with iO = 0+5 degrees and even 0+2 degrees, the entry angle (a) of the entry face (25) of each prism (24), the entry angle (a) is at least -50° or -40° and less than 90° and / or even less than or equal to 40°, in particular the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than or equal to 26° and even to 30°.

3. A glazing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first refractive index ni is less than or equal to 1.52 and preferably greater than or equal to 1.20, the angle of inclination (|3), the second refractive index n2 given the entry angle (a) of the entrance face (25) of each prism (24) is greater than or equal to a minimum angle amin +2 degrees and even +1 degree, the minimum angle amin being calculated as a function of the variable first refractive index x = ni according to one of the following polynomial curves Cl, C3 to C7: Cl = -590.2 x3 + 2235 x2 - 2886 x + 1247 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, n2 = 1.52 + 0.03, C3 = -142 x3+500.8 x2-642.2 x +282.1 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.60+ 0.05 excluding 1.55, C4 = -749 x 3 + 2865 x 2 - 3720 x + 1617 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, n2 = 1.52 + 0.03, C5 = -343.5 x 3 + 1280 x 2 - 1649 x + 710.9 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35 degrees, n2 = 1.52 + 0.03, C6 = -117.3 x 3 + 411.4 x 2 - 523.4 x + 223.9 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55 degrees, n2 = 1.52 + 0.03, C7 = -24.69 x 3 + 72.48 x 2 - 108.3 x + 65.04 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees. n2=l.80+0.15 excluding 1.

65.

4. A glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first refractive index ni is less than or equal to 1.52 and even greater than or equal to 1.20 and even greater than or equal to 1.3, the angle of inclination (|3) and the second refractive index n2 being given, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face (25) of each prism (24) being equal to an optimum angle aopt + 2 degrees and even + 1 degree, the optimum angle aopt being calculated as a function of the variable first refractive index x=ni according to one of the following polynomial curves D1, D3 to D7: DI = -1451 x3+5503 x2-7038 x +3044 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03, D3 = -435.7 x3+1595 x2-2008 x +884.3 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.60+ 0.05 excluding 1.55, D4 = -1687 x3+6436 x2-8230 x +3560 for the angle of inclination of 20 + 5 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03, D5 = -537.7 x3+1996 x2-2522 x +1092 for the angle of inclination of 45 + 10 degrees excluding 35 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03, D6 = -120.1 x3+425.1 x2-529.4 x +237.5 for the angle of inclination of 60 + 5 degrees excluding 55 degrees, n2=1.52+ 0.03, D7 = -65.54 x3+207.9 x2-251.1 x +141 for the angle of inclination of 30 + 5 degrees, n2=1.80+ 0.15 excluding 1.

65.

5. A glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second refractive index n2 is preferably less than or equal to 1.80, the angle of inclination (|3) and the first refractive index ni being given, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face (25) of each prism (24) is greater than or equal to a minimum entry angle amin + 2 degrees and even + 1 degree, the minimum entry angle amin being calculated as a function of the second refractive index of variable refraction x=n2 following one of the following polynomial curves E1 to E5: E1 = 292.91 x3 - 1548.71 x2 + 2787.76 x - 1720.61 for an inclination angle of 30 ± 5 degrees excluding 25 degrees, ni = 1.40 + 0.08 excluding 1.48, E2 = 326.18 x3 - 1720.64 x2 + 3087.27 x - 1892.29 for an inclination angle of 20 ± 5 degrees, ni = 1.40 + 0.08 excluding 1.48, E3 = 175.67 x3 - 942.52 x2 + 1733.38 x - 1105.60 for an inclination angle of 45 ± 5 degrees excluding 35 degrees, ni=1.40+0.08 excluding 1.48, E4 = 48.16 x3-281.00 x2+575.20 x -418.58 for the angle of inclination of 60 ± 5 degrees excluding 55°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48, E5 = 8.71 x3-2143.54 x2+3904.30 x -2424.48 for the angle of inclination of 30 ± 5 degrees, ni of at least 1.

48.

6. A glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second refractive index n2 is preferably less than or equal to 1.80, the angle of inclination (|3), the first refractive index ni being given, the entry angle (a) of the entrance face (25) of each prism (24) being equal to an optimum entry angle aopt + 2 degrees and even + 1 degree, the optimum entry angle aopt being calculated as a function of the variable second refractive index x=n2 according to one of the following polynomial curves Fl at F5: Fl = 696.64 x3-3624.25 x2+6337.74 x -3710.96 for the angle of inclination of 30 ± 5 degrees excluding 25°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48, F2 = +87.53 x3 - 4614.73 x2 + 8060.01 x - 4709.71 for the angle of inclination of 20 ± 5 degrees, ni = l.40 + 0.08 excluding 1.48, F3 = 236.33 x3 - 1257.17 x2 + 2264.37 x - 1369.46 for the angle of inclination of 45 ± 10 degrees excluding 35°, ni = l.40 + 0.08 excluding 1.48, F4 = 35.55 x3 - 206.23 x2 + 416.19 x -280.90 for the angle of inclination of 60 ± 5 degrees excluding 55°, ni=l.40+0.08 excluding 1.48, F5 = 1075.97 x3-5680.17 x2+10061.75 x -5970.16 for the angle of inclination of 30 ± 5 degrees, ni of at least 1.

48.

7. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said structured surface (23) is structured in a single direction, the series of prisms (24) in particular having edges (27) parallel to each other.

8. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first layer (21) is in contact with the second layer (22), the structured surface (23) is an interface, or wherein the stack comprises an interfacial layer (29) transparent at the working wavelength, in particular a bonding and / or camouflage layer, the interfacial layer (29) is between the first layer (21) and the second layer (22), the first layer (21) having the structured surface (23) in contact with the interfacial layer (29) and the second layer (22) having another structured surface (123) conforming to the textured surface (23), the other structured surface (123) being in contact with the interfacial layer (29).

9. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the first layer (21) and the second layer (22) is textured, thus forming the structured surface (23), and is a partially textured coating, in particular on glass or polymer, or is partially textured glass or polymer.

10. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the first layer (21) and the second layer (22) is textured, thus forming the structured surface (23), in particular a partially textured film or coating, and the other of the first layer (21) and the second layer (22) being a crosslinked polymer layer, optionally adhesive, in particular the first layer (21) is made of polyacrylate or silicone and the second layer is preferably textured.

11. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second layer is glass and the first layer is selected from a PMMA film, an adhesive layer, a thermoplastic layer, or a cross-linked material, in particular EVA or PVB, or wherein the second layer is a polycarbonate film and the first layer is selected from a PMMA film, an adhesive layer of a cross-linked material, or the lamination interlayer, in particular EVA or PVB, and / or wherein the first layer is a coating on glass or plastic and the second layer is possibly the interlayer of the laminated glazing or an adhesive layer or even a support, in particular multifunctional, in a through hole in the glazing, monolithic or laminated, in particular a through hole forming a notch.

12. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the glazing is laminated, the second layer (22) is bonded to the second principal face (12) by an adhesive layer, which is the lamination interlayer (3), or the lamination interlayer (3) having an interlayer opening at the multi-prismatic element (20), the second layer (22) is bonded by an adhesive layer (6) to the second principal face (12), in particular forming a camouflage layer, or wherein one of the first layer (21) and second layer (22) is formed in the lamination interlayer (3) of the laminated glazing or in an adhesive layer, the other of the first layer (21) and second layer (22) is textured, thus forming said structured surface (23), in particular a partially textured film (9) or a partially textured coating, or wherein the second layer (22) is bonded to a rear principal face of a substrate (80), including multifunctional,in a hole passing through the glazing by means of an adhesive layer (110), notably forming a camouflage layer.

13. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second layer (22) is bonded to the second main face (12), preferably glued or in adhesive contact with the glazing, preferably laminated, and / or wherein the multi-prismatic element (20) is wholly or partly in a partial or through hole in the glazing, preferably laminated, in particular the multi-prismatic element being bonded to the glazing and / or being bonded to a support (80), in particular multi-functional, disposed in the through hole and bonded to the glazing, in particular the multi-prismatic element being bonded to a rear main face of the support, transparent at the working wavelength, or to an internal wall of a through hole in the support, in particular multi-functional.

14. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second layer (22) is internal to the laminated glazing, in particular the second layer (22) being bonded to the second principal face (12) of the laminated glazing and even the first layer being bonded to the third principal face, or in that the element multi-prismatic (20) is housed in a through hole in the glazing, in particular laminated, in particular linked to a support (80), in particular multi-functional, integral with the glazing, closed or through hole forming a notch, or in that the prismatic element (20) is internal, the second layer (22) being linked to the second face of the monolithic glazing or to the fourth main internal face (14) of the laminated glazing.

15. Glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the second sheet of glass (2) or plastic being transparent at the working wavelength, the first layer (21) is bonded to the third main face (13) of the laminated glazing by an adhesive layer transparent at the working wavelength, in particular by the lamination interlayer (3) or the first layer (21) is in adhesive contact with the third main face (13), and / or wherein the second layer (22) is bonded to the second main face (12) by an adhesive layer transparent at the working wavelength, in particular by the lamination interlayer (3) or the second layer (21) is in adhesive contact with the second main face (12).

16. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises in the near-infrared transmission window, a piece (9) transparent at the working wavelength, in particular glass or plastic, disposed in or under a through hole in the second glass sheet (2) of the laminated glazing and bonded to the second main face, the piece forming the second layer or the first layer or bonded to the first layer, and preferably the inner main face of the first layer (21) opposite the structured surface (27) comprises an anti-reflective coating at the working wavelength.

17. Glazing system according to the preceding claim, wherein the part (9) has a main surface oriented towards the second main face which is textured (23), part thus forming the first layer (21), or having a textured coating forming the first layer (21), or having an adhesive layer forming the first layer (21) or fixing the first layer (21) and preferably the main surface of the part oriented towards the passenger compartment has an anti-reflective layer at the working wavelength.

18. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a peripheral masking layer (5) linked to the second main face (12) and possibly another masking layer (82) on a main surface of a support (80), in particular multifunctional, in a hole through the laminated glazing and in particular in which the near infrared transmission window is in an opening of the masking layer (5) and even of the possible other masking layer (82).

19. A glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, in the near-infrared transmission window, the glazing comprises a functional layer which is preferably a camouflage layer, in particular disposed in the opening of a masking layer, upstream or downstream of the multi-prismatic element (20) or forming part of the multi-prismatic element (20), and wherein in particular the camouflage layer is adhesive, bonding the multi-prismatic element to one of the main faces of the glazing or of a support (80) in particular multifunctional in a through hole of the laminated glazing or of a part (9) in a through hole of the second sheet of the laminated glazing or bonding the first textured layer with the second textured layer.

20. Glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a lidar infrared vision system, the infrared vision system comprising a light source (71) and a detection device (72) wherein preferably the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) by at least 5°, the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) is less than or equal to 26 degrees.

21. Method of obtaining said multi-prismatic element with the first layer of refractive index ni and the second layer of refractive index n2 for the glazing system according to any one of the preceding claims comprising: - definition of an angle of incidence i” with respect to the normal to the glazing of a pointing direction (45) of the lidar upstream of the glazing as a function of the exit angle i of the pointing direction (45) downstream of the glazing with respect to the horizontal and the entry angle a, definition of i” according to the following equation EQ1: i (i, a) = arcsin(nisin(5 - / ?-a-asin(^sin(f -a-j5-asin(^sin(-f + ^+zj))

22. with [3 being said angle of inclination, n2 being greater than ni at the working wavelength, - determination of the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view of the Lidar, the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view of the Lidar being fixed, by the following equation EQ2: FOVl(a) = li"(a, i= iO+FOV2 / 2) - i"(a, i=iO- FOV2 / 2)I with iO being an exit angle from a median direction of the lidar pointing (45) downstream of the glazing relative to the horizontal, preferably iO = 0+5 degrees and even 0+2 degrees - Determination of the minimum entry angle amin such that the external vertical angular aperture (FOV2) is greater than the internal vertical angular aperture (FOV1) as defined above, in particular FOV1 is at most 30° or 26°, preferably the difference between the external and internal vertical angular apertures is at least 5° - and / or determination of the optimal entry angle aopt to maximize the vertical angular aperture (FOV2) of the external field of view relative to the vertical angular aperture (FOV1) of the internal field of view, with selection of a preferred angle equal to aopt+10 degrees. Method of obtaining said multi-prismatic element with the first layer having a refractive index ni and the second layer having a refractive index n2 for the glazing system according to any one of claims 1 to 20: - determination of an external vertical angular aperture (FOV2), given by the following equation EQ3: FOV2(a) = li(a, i”= i”0+FOVl / 2 ) - i(a, i”=i”0- FOV1 / 2 )l with FOV1 being said internal vertical angular aperture with i”0 angle of incidence with respect to the normal to the glazing from a median direction of point (45) of the lidar upstream of the glazing i(a, i") cst given by equation EQU4 i(ia) = arcsm(n3s'wi( -arcsin ( -arcsinX^inii )) -0- a+ n2 being greater than ni at the working wavelength, with [3 the angle of inclination of the glazing relative to the horizontal, - determination of a minimal entry angle a such that the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) is greater than the vertical angular opening (FOV1) of the internal field of view, in particular F0V1 is at most 30° or 26°, preferably the difference between the external and internal vertical angular openings is at least 5°. - and / or determination of the optimal angle aopt to maximize the external vertical angular opening (FOV2) relative to the internal vertical angular opening (FOV1) of the field of view, with selection of a preferred angle equal to aopt±10 degrees.

Images