Matrix structure substrate

Abstract

Vegetated substrate of matrix structure comprising X% of washed, substantially organic-free, crushed shells and Y% of a soil life-promoting element, characterized in that the substrate further comprises a mixture of bulb varieties and seeds. Figure for publication: Fig. 1

Description

Title of the invention: Matrix structure substrate technical field

[0001] The invention relates to a matrix structure substrate, which can be used in particular on roofs and which is mainly composed of shells and mollusks, an element promoting soil life, a mixture of bulb varieties and / or seeds and at least one waste and a plant compost as well as its preparation process, and belongs to the technical field of the production of a plant growing substrate using various agricultural wastes and which is also able to degrade waste of a different nature than agricultural. Prior art

[0002] It is known in the prior art of substrates, as follows:

[0003] Document CN105036856A discloses a rooftop turf substrate that is primarily composed of mushrooms and biogas sludge, and more specifically, a rooftop turf matrix containing mushroom compost, biogas slurry, bean lees, clam shell powder, lime powder, light calcium carbonate, and ternary compound fertilizer, wood chips, or wood chip fabric. However, document CN105036856A is silent on the possibility of using large-grained and / or whole oyster shells in the shell composition to reduce roof heating during the summer through the albedo effect.

[0004] Some examples of existing vegetated substrates may include: • Substrates based on mineral or petrochemical materials: These substrates can be composed of materials such as concrete, artificial stone, or synthetic membranes. While they can offer some strength and durability, they have drawbacks in terms of high cost, complexity of implementation, and environmental impact related to the extraction and manufacturing of these materials. • Planting using pre-cultivated trays or rolls: This method involves installing pre-cultivated trays or rolls containing plants and a ready-to-use substrate. However, these systems can be expensive to purchase and install, fragile, and complex to set up, often requiring specialized skills. Furthermore, they can be sensitive to weather conditions and require frequent and costly watering. • Complexity and technicality of implementation: Some vegetated substrates require complex and technical installation, involving the use of various components such as waterproofing membranes, drainage systems, and specific substrate layers. This complexity can make implementation difficult and costly, requiring the intervention of qualified professionals. • Maintenance costs and fragility: Vegetated substrates may require regular maintenance, including watering, fertilization, pruning, and weeding, which can lead to additional costs and a significant workload. Furthermore, some systems may be fragile and susceptible to climatic hazards such as wind, excessive heat, or frost, which can compromise their long-term durability and effectiveness.

[0005] One object of the invention is to remedy all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks. In order to address the problems mentioned above, the object of the present invention is to provide a substrate primarily made from materials considered waste, which contributes to the fight against climate change. Description of the invention

[0006] The need for a mass-produced industrial solution for our vegetated substrate is crucial, particularly in response to the increasing demands of water and carbon regulations. With the proliferation of green roof surfaces, it is imperative to develop resource-efficient solutions that are easy to implement and require minimal maintenance. Our substrate meets these needs by offering a sustainable and effective alternative. By eliminating the need for irrigation thanks to its water retention capacity and promoting low maintenance, our solution contributes to water conservation and carbon emission reduction. Furthermore, by recycling plant matter to nourish the substrate and the soil, our approach is part of a circular economy, thus promoting the regeneration of urban ecosystems.By adopting a mass industrial approach, we can generalize the use of our vegetated substrate, thus enabling an effective transition to more sustainable urban planning practices.

[0007] The applicant's expertise in the collection and preparation of shell material is an undeniable added value of our proposal. As experts in this field, we fully understand the importance and value of shell resources. Their distribution across the territory, due to consumption habits, underscores the need for strategic and efficient collection. By using our expertise, we are able to collect these shells directly, which significantly reduces the impact of transportation. This approach allows us not only to minimize the costs and carbon footprint associated with transport, but also to guarantee the freshness and quality of the raw material, which is essential for the success of our vegetated substrate. By leveraging our proven expertise, we are able to offer a sustainable and efficient solution, while contributing to environmental preservation.

[0008] Increased urban density exposes city dwellers to complex environmental problems. Heat waves and droughts, exacerbated by the increasing paving over of urban areas, contribute to the formation of urban heat islands, leading to extreme weather conditions. Furthermore, increased soil sealing combined with episodes of intense rainfall generates flood risks and poses major challenges in water management and pollution control. The progressive artificialization of urban land, for its part, leads to an erosion of biodiversity, with detrimental consequences for the ecological balance. This decline in biodiversity, accentuated by heat and pollution, contributes to the deterioration of the health and well-being of residents.Faced with these challenges, it is relevant to rethink urban planning to reconcile population growth, climate imperatives, and environmental preservation. In particular, addressing these challenges becomes all the more urgent with the projected increase in the urban population in the coming years.

[0009] Urban and rooftop vegetable gardens are experiencing increasing growth in major French cities. The main characteristic of these elevated gardens is that they promote short supply chains, even within individual buildings or neighborhoods. The advantages of this practice are numerous and are particularly evident in the economic sphere, thanks to the establishment of a short supply chain that fosters high-quality produce. Furthermore, these gardens help strengthen social bonds by creating recreational spaces that respond to the growing enthusiasm for activities in contact with nature. From an educational perspective, these initiatives raise awareness of nature and ecology, thus playing a vital educational role. From a public health standpoint, rooftop gardening offers benefits by contributing to biodiversity and providing proven therapeutic effects.Furthermore, by adopting sustainable agricultural practices, it is possible to reconcile food production with respect for the environment. It is also worth noting that honey produced in urban areas is often of higher quality than that from rural areas, and that growing at higher altitudes reduces the impact of pollution on crops. In short, rooftop vegetable gardens offer a multifaceted solution, combining economic, social, educational, environmental, and health benefits.

[0010] Green roof substrates offer an ecological and efficient solution for stormwater management. In response to the challenges posed by climate change, characterized by periods of drought followed by intense rainfall, green roofs play an important role. They act as natural regulators, absorbing some of the rainwater and thus mitigating problems of excessive runoff. By offering the capacity to absorb and release water over time, these roofs act like sponges, moderating the flow of rainwater and preventing potential flooding. Furthermore, they can be equipped with retardant and temporary storage systems, further enhancing their effectiveness in the sustainable management of water resources.By investing in this technology, we are not only promoting environmental preservation, but also a proactive and intelligent approach to contemporary climate challenges.

[0011] Vegetated roof substrates represent an innovative solution that addresses citizens' growing concern for biodiversity. Indeed, green roofs help create an environment conducive to the development of rich and varied biodiversity, influenced by the types of substrates used, whether floral or faunal. Vegetated roof substrates can also serve an aesthetic purpose. However, more than just an aesthetic trend, green roofs are closely linked to the concept of biophilia, which expresses the fundamental human need to be in contact with living things to promote health and well-being.Thus, by choosing suitable substrates, green roofs can not only beautify the urban environment, but also promote a true symbiosis between man and nature, offering tangible benefits for local biodiversity and the quality of life of residents.

[0012] These animal communities may include arthropods such as insects and spiders, molluscs such as slugs and snails, lizards, birds and chiropterans (bats).

[0013] The use of green roofs as habitat by these groups of animals raises the question of defining in advance the species that will establish themselves there. Indeed, it is not possible to predict with certainty which animal species will colonize these spaces.

[0014] When considering the interaction between fauna and vegetation present on rooftops, plants can play an important role by providing habitat and a food source for many organisms. It is particularly important to consider the symbiotic relationships between fauna and plants, highlighting aspects such as insect pollination and other specific interactions between pollinators and flowering plants.

[0015] Thus, the design of green roofs may involve particular attention to both the specific characteristics of potential animal species and the complex interactions between fauna and flora. This will ensure not only the success of these installations as urban ecosystems, but also the promotion of biodiversity within urban environments.

[0016] The use of a vegetated roof substrate offers multiple advantages, including a significant improvement in sound absorption. This solution proves particularly effective on steel deck roofs, where it considerably reduces noise pollution caused by heavy rainfall. Furthermore, practical observations have clearly demonstrated that installing a green roof helps extend the lifespan of the roof waterproofing. This is because traditional materials such as bitumen and PVC can be damaged by ultraviolet radiation and mechanical stresses resulting from temperature variations, while vegetation provides additional protection against these elements, thus enhancing the overall durability of the waterproofing system.By adopting this approach, not only is improved acoustic performance promoted, but a greater lifespan for the waterproofing materials is also guaranteed, representing a sustainable investment in the long-term preservation and quality of roofs.

[0017] Vegetated roof substrates offer a significant advantage by improving the thermal inertia of buildings. This solution consists of a growing medium for plants, integrated into the roof structure. By promoting vegetation growth, the substrate helps to regulate the internal temperature of buildings more effectively. By absorbing and releasing heat gradually, it helps to mitigate temperature fluctuations, thus creating a more stable and comfortable indoor environment.

[0018] The shadow cast by the vegetation reduces the absorption of radiative energy by the wall of the building, thus limiting its heating.

[0019] Furthermore, evaporation from the substrate and transpiration from plants help reduce the discomfort experienced by occupants. By avoiding the addition of excess heat, greening buildings promotes the creation of a cool island within the city. This process is based on the fundamental principle of maximizing evapotranspiration, which results from the evaporation of moisture from the substrate and transpiration from plants. Thus, the central objective is to optimize this mechanism to ensure a significant impact in the pursuit of more sustainable and resilient urbanization.

[0020] Located on the roof, the substrate helps to limit runoff by retaining water and releasing it back into the atmosphere with a certain delay. This phenomenon creates a form of natural air conditioning, comparable to the popular idea that it makes more It's more pleasant under a tree in summer than in the shade of a parasol, because the tree has stored water, acting as a natural air conditioner. Thus, urban vegetation, particularly green roofs, proves to be a multifunctional solution by limiting the risk of flooding, mitigating heat during heat waves, and providing additional resources for biodiversity as its surface area increases.

[0021] Another significant advantage of our vegetated substrate lies in its ability to mitigate roof heating through the evaporation of water present in the water retention structure. Indeed, the presence of a water retention layer within the substrate helps regulate temperature by promoting the evaporation of the trapped water. This evaporation contributes to cooling the roof surface, acting as a natural air conditioning mechanism.

[0022] The water retention structure present in the substrate provides a cooling effect that is particularly beneficial during hot and sunny periods. By trapping water, the substrate prevents temperature spikes on roofs, thus limiting the effects of direct solar radiation. This natural thermal regulation offers significant advantages, particularly in urban areas where high temperatures can lead to thermal comfort problems and increased energy costs for building air conditioning.

[0023] An additional positive aspect of this strategy is its contribution to the preservation of water resources. By efficiently using the water present in the retention structure, our substrate promotes the sustainable management of this resource. This aligns with growing concerns related to water conservation in the context of climate change and pressure on natural resources.

[0024] Our substrate is designed to be customized to each project, taking into account the specific characteristics of each climate and all types of buildings, whether for new construction or renovation. These systems offer remarkable flexibility, making it possible to meet the challenges of sustainable development at the building and city scale. They constitute an ideal solution for extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive spaces such as gardens. The diverse application of our invention, in terms of appearance, implementation techniques, and maintenance, offers the possibility of effectively greening both small areas, such as a garage, and large ones, such as an industrial building, whether on roofs or facades. This versatility makes our solution suitable for a multitude of contexts, thus contributing to the promotion of urban greening and environmental sustainability.

[0025] The use of our substrate for a vegetated structure offers several significant advantages, both on roofs and on facades.

[0026] On the roofs: • Thermal insulation: The shell-based substrate provides excellent thermal insulation, helping to regulate the temperature inside buildings and reduce heating and cooling needs. • Stormwater management: The porous structure of the substrate allows for efficient absorption of rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding and contributing to sustainable stormwater management. • Improved air quality: Plants and substrate act as natural filters, absorbing air pollutants and thus reducing air pollution in urban areas. • Urban biodiversity: Green roofs provide habitat for urban fauna and flora, promoting biodiversity and offering green corridors for animal and plant species.

[0027] On the facades: • Aesthetics: Green structures add an aesthetic touch to building facades, contributing to the beautification of urban spaces and the creation of a more pleasant environment for residents. • Reduction of the urban heat island effect: By absorbing some of the heat and providing shade, green facades help to reduce the urban heat island effect, which is particularly beneficial in densely populated urban areas. • Improved air quality: Just as on roofs, green walls act as natural filters, purifying the ambient air and thus contributing to the health and well-being of the inhabitants. • Reduced energy consumption: By providing an additional layer of insulation, green walls help reduce the heating and cooling needs of buildings, resulting in energy savings and a reduced environmental footprint.

[0028] Urban growth has often led to the disappearance of natural areas capable of infiltrating and evaporating water, thus exacerbating flooding problems. During periods of heavy rainfall, surface water from urban areas flows rapidly into drainage systems, causing rapid overflows. Runoff eventually flows into waterways, overflowing and causing flooding, as frequently seen in the news with images of floods and considerable damage. Flash floods result from intense rainfall, highlighting the need to combat flooding by retaining rainwater upstream. A temporary rainwater retention system, by storing excess water on roofs, can delay its runoff. in the network, thus avoiding runoff, while offering the possibility of reusing the stored water for substrate humidification by capillary action.

[0029] A key indicator of substrate performance is the roof's rainfall abatement, expressed as a percentage over a period exceeding one year. It measures the amount of rainwater captured by the substrate and consumed through evaporation and plant transpiration. Simultaneously, the roof's runoff rate, expressed in liters per second per hectare, represents the amount of rainwater discharged during a rainfall event. Evaluating this quantity allows for measuring the contribution of the green roof to stormwater management at the plot level.

[0030] Thanks to natural biofiltration, green roofs prevent the introduction of pollutants and harmful substances into rivers and streams. According to research by Kohler and Schmidt (1990), their substrate retains 95% of the lead, copper, and cadmium sulfide and 19% of the zinc from rainwater, thus contributing to improving local water quality. Our substrate also aims to achieve these effects.

[0031] Rather than adopting a uniform approach with a single layer across the entire green roof, one possibility is to divide the space into several zones. Each of these zones would be characterized by varying substrate thicknesses, creating specific conditions conducive to the growth of different types of vegetation. Furthermore, diversity would be enhanced by introducing different types of substrates within these zones, thereby increasing the variability of available habitats and different uses, such as an urban garden and a vegetable garden.

[0032] Plant diversity is of major importance in the context of biodiversity. This importance is not simply related to the quantity of species present, but is also manifested through the selection of species from diverse plant families. Indeed, the diversity of plant species contributes significantly to the balance and richness of ecosystems.

[0033] When addressing the issue of plant diversity, one can consider not only the total number of species present, but also the variety of families to which these species belong. Opting for species from different plant families further enriches the floristic composition of a given environment. Thus, this diversification can promote ecological stability and strengthen the ecosystem's capacity to adapt to environmental changes.

[0034] Plant species diversity extends beyond the mere quantity of existing species; it also involves the thoughtful selection of plants from diverse families. This approach helps promote ecosystem resilience by fostering a greater variety of adaptive traits within the community. plant life. By favouring species from different families, we encourage the harmonious coexistence and complementarity of the different constituent elements of the ecosystem.

[0035] By analyzing plant diversity from a biodiversity perspective, it becomes clear that the mere quantity of species is not enough to guarantee optimal ecological balance. The importance also lies in the informed selection of species based on their origin within diverse plant families. This more nuanced approach not only helps to preserve genetic variety but also strengthens the resilience of ecosystems to environmental challenges and human pressures.

[0036] Within a biophilic design framework, emphasis can be placed on the visibility of the vegetation from the occupied spaces within the building, and even from other surrounding buildings. To achieve this objective, the roof terrace can be made accessible to the building's occupants. This accessibility not only allows them to benefit from the physical advantages, but also creates rest areas conducive to social interaction, and even accommodates food production areas.

[0037] In addition to the aspects mentioned above, education and awareness-raising activities can be considered to inform the public about urban agriculture. If food production is planned on the roof, a space dedicated to educational programs can be integrated to strengthen the connection between users and their green environment.

[0038] The basis of our vegetated structure relies primarily on the use of shells, whether cockles, oysters, or other types of various shellfish. This approach offers remarkable versatility, allowing the interchangeable use of different shellfish species. Examples include mussels, clams, and other marine shellfish. This diversity of materials is a major asset for the design of our substrate, offering increased flexibility in its use.

[0039] The integration of various shells into our vegetated structure offers several distinct advantages. First, these shells provide an abundant and sustainable source of natural material, thus contributing to the overall sustainability of the project. Furthermore, the use of shells offers a unique and attractive aesthetic, lending a distinctive visual touch to the vegetated structure. This characteristic is particularly relevant in contexts where aesthetics play a significant role, such as urban landscaping or architectural projects.

[0040] Another notable advantage lies in the physical properties of the shells, which give the vegetated structure increased strength. The natural composition of the shells, rich in minerals and solid substances, reinforces the stability of The structure offers protection against erosion and other environmental influences. This mechanical resilience helps extend the structure's service life, thus reducing long-term maintenance costs.

[0041] Referring to the shell mounds established from the 7th century onwards and still existing in the Charente and Vendée regions illustrates the durability and resilience of structures built from shells. This suggests that the physical properties of shells, such as their rich composition of minerals and solid substances, confer increased resistance to vegetated structures. The invention highlights this potential of shells to strengthen the stability of vegetated structures while offering protection against erosion and other environmental influences, thereby improving the performance of vegetated structures.

[0042] The design of a vegetated structural substrate aims to create a resilient, robust, and low-maintenance system while promoting biodiversity. The central idea is to incorporate a mixture of seeds and bulbs. Tests have allowed us to maximize the characteristics of resilience, robustness, and low maintenance using a mixture of several dozen seeds and about ten bulbs.

[0043] Preferably, the same mixture is always offered. The range has been designed to meet the needs of all climatic conditions. Our proposal is distinguished by its consistency and its adaptability to various climatic conditions. We have developed a specific mixture for our vegetated substrate, guaranteeing resilience, robustness, and low maintenance, while promoting biodiversity. This mixture, the result of in-depth research, incorporates a variety of carefully selected seeds and bulbs. Trials have allowed us to optimize these characteristics, resulting in a combination of 44 seed varieties and the possibility of combining them with 10 bulb varieties. This composition ensures an environment conducive to biological diversity, thus offering a vegetated substrate capable of thriving in different environmental contexts, while reducing the need for maintenance interventions.

[0044] In addition to this, the possibility of installing beehives on the roof offers an opportunity to encourage pollination and support the life of bees.

[0045] The exclusive use of bio-based materials or waste contributes to creating an environment free of industrial or processed products. This approach aligns with the overall objective of reducing roof maintenance costs. The green roof system has the advantage of being self-maintaining, thus eliminating the need for active weed control. However, the natural appearance of native plants can provide enriching biodiversity. While this colonization can be beneficial, it is necessary to monitor potentially invasive species and intervene if necessary to ensure the installation's sustainability.

[0046] The system can be maintained manually, thus ensuring proper control over plant growth. With correct maintenance, regular replacement of the plant cover becomes unnecessary. When needed, plants can be removed from the planted areas and reintroduced where required, readily re-establishing roots. For example, a sedum fragment can naturally re-root itself to become an independent plant, thereby contributing to the stability and continuity of the vegetated substrate.

[0047] When it comes to installing a vegetated structural substrate, the main objective is to facilitate the installation process for professionals. This becomes particularly relevant in situations where elements such as chimneys, vents, or other obstacles can pose challenges. The vegetated structural substrate is carefully applied using a rake, which allows for efficient and optimized implementation.

[0048] This approach aims to simplify the task for practitioners and overcome potential complications related to the presence of obstacles such as chimneys and vents. Using a rake to deploy the vegetated structure substrate is a practical technique for ensuring smooth installation while providing even coverage of the substrate over the intended area.

[0049] In the context of applying a vegetated structural substrate, the presence of disruptive elements such as chimneys and vents can complicate effective implementation. To overcome these obstacles, professionals can use a rake, which facilitates the deployment of the substrate. This specific approach proves to be a pragmatic solution, making it possible to overcome difficulties and ensure the success of greening projects.

[0050] Consideration of biogenic carbon: Our substrate comprises a bio-based raw material. The biogenic carbon contained in the bio-based materials is considered separately from fossil carbon. Furthermore, this biogenic carbon is considered an intrinsic property of the material. Thus, during the extraction of the raw materials, their biogenic carbon content is considered a property transferred from the biosphere to the product system in question, namely the substrate. The product contains a significant amount of biogenic carbon.

[0051] During the substrate design process for a vegetated structure, the central objective is to take measures to eliminate the use of certain materials such as rock wool, pozzolana, plastic, and polystyrene. In this regard, a preferable approach is to exclusively use waste from various sources as the main constituents of the substrate. This is the case with our substrate, which is primarily made from shells.

[0052] The shell-based substrate we use in our green roof structure offers an innovative and sustainable solution for managing waste from shellfish farming, households, and restaurants. First, by primarily using shells as substrate components, we valorize a specific waste product from the shellfish farming industry. Shells are often considered waste due to their abundance in this industry, but our approach transforms them into a valuable resource, reusing them effectively rather than disposing of them.

[0053] In addition, our substrate can also incorporate other waste materials such as absorbent diapers, corks, polystyrene, and locally sourced waste such as construction debris, brick or tile remnants, as well as other waste such as eggshells, nutshells, snail shells, mussel shells, or crustacean shells. By incorporating these materials into the substrate, we give them a new purpose, thus helping to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. This circular approach promotes environmental sustainability by reducing dependence on virgin resources while minimizing the ecological footprint associated with waste disposal.

[0054] By using this substrate made from shells and other waste as a solution for our vegetated structure, we transform waste into valuable resources, thereby promoting a circular economy and more responsible waste management. This approach aligns our project with principles of sustainability and innovation, offering a holistic solution for the design of environmentally friendly vegetated structures.

[0055] The selection of constituent materials is of particular importance as it directly impacts the quality of the vegetated substrate structure. In this respect, the rejection of materials such as rock wool and polystyrene for providing structure to our substrate stems from a desire to promote an environmentally responsible approach, highlighting the use of waste from various sources as a viable alternative.

[0056] The substrate of the invention has a distinctive feature compared to prior art solutions: it requires no watering. This characteristic allows it to align optimally with the natural cycle. This feature is part of a comprehensive approach focused on sustainability, thus distinguishing it from traditional methods that require frequent irrigation. By opting for this vegetated substrate, an approach in harmony with natural processes is adopted, thus offering a more water-efficient solution. This characteristic contributes significantly to the respect and preservation of water resources.

[0057] The attention paid to water retention in the vegetated substrate structure is demonstrated through a meticulous approach aimed at excluding the use of non-renewable materials such as peat. This approach is part of a broader vision focused on promoting renewable materials and reducing the environmental footprint associated with substrate production. The substrate thus adopts an eco-responsible perspective by seeking more sustainable alternatives to ensure adequate water content for plants, while preserving natural ecosystems. This initiative reflects a conscious concern for ecological balance, illustrating a commitment to environmentally friendly practices.

[0058] In the field of green roof design, various options, such as the use of plastic crates, are often explored. However, it is important to note that the production of these plastic crates generates a significant carbon footprint.

[0059] The invention implements a bio-based alternative to other commonly used materials. In our approach, we prioritize the use of bio-based products, thus offering a positive carbon balance and acting as a carbon sink. This ecological focus contributes significantly to the overall reduction of the carbon footprint associated with building construction, with a reduction of up to 30%. By opting for bio-based materials, we not only reduce the carbon emissions associated with the manufacture of green structures, but we also promote a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach in the construction sector. This approach is part of a sustainability perspective, highlighting ecological solutions while helping to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with conventional construction practices.

[0060] Another favorable aspect of our approach lies in facilitating carbon sequestration, thereby reinforcing its positive environmental impact. Shells, which constitute 42% carbon dioxide (CO2), act as carbon reservoirs, efficiently capturing this substance. This particular characteristic amplifies the environmental relevance of our solution, contributing to an even more attractive carbon footprint. By integrating this carbon storage capacity, our approach aligns with the current trend toward reducing the carbon footprint of building construction. By using materials such as shells that actively participate in carbon sequestration, our solution is part of a sustainable approach, promoting the construction of buildings with a reduced carbon footprint, while exploiting the environmental benefits inherent in this innovative approach.Furthermore, being a waste product, the shell has an excellent carbon footprint.

[0061] Furthermore, the shell, as a material derived from waste, has a remarkably favorable carbon footprint, thus giving our invention the unique ability to act as a carbon sink. By integrating these shells into our approach, we valorize a by-product that could otherwise constitute an environmental burden by sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2). This choice helps reduce the carbon footprint associated with waste management, thus offering a dual advantage by promoting a valorization solution while limiting environmental impact. By incorporating recycled materials such as shells, our approach is part of an eco-responsible strategy, contributing to the promotion of sustainable practices in the construction sector.This efficient use of waste also helps to raise awareness of the need to rethink how we treat and exploit natural resources, thus highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to the environment in the construction sector.

[0062] The low density of the shells makes our substrate lightweight. This low density, combined with an efficient water retention capacity due to their geometric shape, provides an optimal balance for plant support. Indeed, this efficient water retention capacity is partly due to the shell's geometric shape. The external structure of many shells features curves and ridges that create cavities and microcavities. These geometric shapes allow the shell to accumulate and retain water more efficiently. Water can collect in these hollows and indentations, where it is less prone to evaporation and more accessible to plant roots or other organisms that need it. This water retention capacity is valuable in the design of our vegetated structures.By harnessing this natural geometric shape, innovative solutions for water conservation and sustainable water resource management can be developed.

[0063] This efficient water retention capacity is also due to the porosity of the shell itself. The shell's water retention capacity due to its porosity refers to the presence of small spaces or pores within the shell's structure. These pores allow the shell to absorb and retain water. When water comes into contact with the porous surface of the shell, it is absorbed into these microscopic spaces, where it can be retained. This water retention capacity is valuable in various contexts, such as agricultural soils where it can help retain the moisture necessary for plant growth, or in the construction of vegetated structures where it helps maintain a favorable environment for vegetation by retaining water near the roots.By exploiting this characteristic in our substrate, we can design innovative solutions for water conservation and the sustainable management of water resources.

[0064] The lightweight shells facilitate handling and installation of the structure while reducing the overall load on the surfaces where it is installed. At the same time, the shells play a beneficial role by providing essential minerals for plant growth. These minerals, naturally present in the shells, enrich the substrate, thus promoting an environment conducive to plant health and vitality. The combination of structural lightness and the mineral contribution of the shells represents a significant advantage in the design and overall effectiveness of our approach to sustainable greening.

[0065] In addition to the shells, our vegetated substrate can also incorporate plant compost, thus enriching the environment with essential elements for plant growth. The plant compost provides nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, which are indispensable for healthy plant development. These nutrients promote robust and balanced growth by providing the plant with the resources necessary for its metabolism. Furthermore, the plant compost helps structure the root system by offering an environment conducive to branching and root stability. This structuring strengthens plant resilience, promoting anchorage in the substrate and adaptation to environmental conditions. In addition, the plant compost improves the substrate's water retention capacity, thus creating an optimal water balance for plant growth.The inclusion of plant compost in our substrate thus offers a complete and balanced approach to greening, taking advantage of its nutritional, structural and hydration benefits.

[0066] Our substrate offers a 100% natural approach. However, our vegetated structure substrate can also incorporate other elements, thus expanding its potential uses. Among these components, waste materials such as polystyrene can be incorporated into the substrate. This innovative approach contributes to waste recovery, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional disposal. By mixing polystyrene with the substrate, its lightness is benefited while contributing to a reduction in the overall mass of the structure. This diverse incorporation of materials is part of a sustainability perspective, promoting the intelligent reuse of waste while strengthening the mechanical properties of the substrate.Thus, the possibility of including elements such as polystyrene expands the adaptability of our approach, offering advantages in terms of both environmental sustainability and flexibility in the design of vegetated structures. Furthermore, our substrate can also incorporate other waste materials such as absorbent layers, cork stoppers, polystyrene, and locally sourced waste such as construction debris. bricks or tiles but also other waste such as eggshells, nutshells, snail shells, mussel shells or crustacean shells.

[0067] The added value of our vegetated structure substrate extends to opportunities for monetizing the carbon footprint. By incorporating shells into the composition, we create an environment conducive to carbon storage, thus contributing to a net reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This carbon sequestration capacity offers potential economic advantages within the framework of initiatives focused on carbon offsetting and the carbon market. Companies and projects concerned about their carbon footprint can consider our substrate as an effective strategy for offsetting their emissions, thereby creating tangible opportunities for economic valuation.This prospect of monetizing carbon footprint positions our vegetated structure substrate as a solution that is not only environmentally beneficial, but also economically attractive, offering a holistic approach for stakeholders committed to sustainability and climate responsibility.

[0068] The core idea of ​​our approach is based on the principle that the less human intervention is required, the better the ecological performance. The vegetated structural substrate we use is designed to decompose naturally over time, thus promoting a self-sustaining regeneration process. This characteristic offers a significant advantage, reducing the need for frequent human intervention or intensive maintenance. By allowing nature to take its course and actively contribute to substrate regeneration, our approach aligns with a sustainable philosophy that aims to minimize human impact on the ecosystem. This more passive management, based on natural decomposition and regeneration, offers environmental benefits by limiting disturbances caused by human activity while promoting the long-term viability of the vegetation.

[0069] The substrate according to the invention is of the matrix structure substrate type comprising a percentage X% of shells and a percentage Y% of an element promoting soil life, characterized in that the substrate further comprises a mixture of varieties of bulbs and / or seeds.

[0070] According to one embodiment of the invention, the substrate further comprises a percentage Z% of plant compost, Z% being between 1% and 20% by volume of the matrix structure substrate, the plant compost preferably comprising fibrous plant waste.

[0071] According to one embodiment of the invention, the substrate is arranged for use on a roof.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the invention, the shells are arranged washed and substantially free of organic matter and the shells are arranged crushed with a particle size between 1-60mm, preferably 2-6mm minimum and 30-40mm maximum, said substrate comprising up to 5% whole shells by volume of the matrix structure substrate.

[0073] According to one embodiment of the invention, the shells are arranged distributed substantially according to their granulometry in a decreasing manner from the surface of the substrate towards the base of the substrate.

[0074] According to one embodiment of the invention, the shells comprise oysters, clams, scallops and / or cockles, X% being between 50% and 100% by volume of the matrix structure substrate.

[0075] According to one embodiment of the invention, said element promoting soil life is a mycorrhiza, Y% being between 1% and 10% by volume of the matrix structure substrate.

[0076] According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of bulb varieties and / or seeds comprises at least 20 to 50 seeds of different varieties and / or at least 2 bulbs of different varieties, preferably 40 seeds of different varieties and at least 5 bulbs of different varieties.

[0077] According to one embodiment of the invention, the substrate further comprises at least one waste to be degraded, said waste to be degraded comprising polystyrene, any other carbon compound or any other waste. List of figures

[0078] [Fig.1] Figure [1] illustrates the vegetated substrate of matrix structure according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0079] [Fig.2] Figure [Fig. 2] illustrates one method of implementing the invention on a roof.

[0080] [Fig.3] Figure 3 illustrates the albedo effect and the evolution of the substrate according to the seasons.

[0081] [Fig.4] Figure 4 illustrates how to implement the invention on a roof. Detailed description of the invention

[0082] The embodiments described below are in no way limiting; variants of the invention may be considered, in particular, comprising only a selection of the features described, hereinafter isolated from the other features described, if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art. This selection includes at least one feature, preferably functional without structural details, or with only some of the structural details if that part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the prior art.

[0083] First, we will describe the context in which we are developing our invention, starting with the processing of the shells. The shells arrive at our site loaded with sand, mud, organic matter in the form of flesh adhering to the shells, unopened dead oysters, etc., and various waste materials such as plastics, wood, steel, etc.

[0084] In order to obtain a 100% shell material, we implement various processes to remove all these undesirable elements from the shells and obtain a product according to an example of a process, detailed below: 1. First screening to get rid of: a. elements larger than 100 mm and b. elements smaller than 8 mm; 2. washing; 3. drying; 4. Crushing and screening to obtain the desired particle sizes.

[0085] We thus obtain our raw material, clean and calibrated in different particle sizes, each having a particular function such as water retention, albedo effect, mineral supply for plants, etc.

[0086] Secondly, we present the context of the current shell ecosystem and how we can consider them as a bio-based waste. According to current practices, unprocessed shell waste has three outlets: 1. Burial; 2. Incineration, notably releasing the 44% of CO2 contained in the shell; 3. Agricultural amendment after basic grinding.

[0087] We propose a new solution: the transformation of this shell waste into a raw material. After processing as explained above, we obtain a genuine raw material with a CACO3 formulation, which can be incorporated into various processes, including the following: 1. Porcelain; 2. Drainage route; 3. Vegetated substrate of matrix structure with an example of a green roof.

[0088] The invention proposes an easy-to-implement solution, with a main component, which provides the structure and makes it possible to achieve the albedo effect and two optional compounds, which improve and accelerate vegetation.

[0089] The vegetated matrix structure substrate according to the invention comprises a percentage X% of washed shells substantially free of organic matter and crushed and a percentage Y% of an element promoting soil life, characterized in that the substrate further comprises a mixture of varieties of bulbs and / or seeds.

[0090] Our substrate is primarily composed of washed and crushed shells. Washing removes virtually all organic matter. This plays an important role in limiting any contamination of the substrate.

[0091] The element promoting soil life is implemented to facilitate vegetation growth. The objective of this element in the composition of our substrate is to create a mycorrhiza, that is to say, a symbiotic association between a plant and a fungus.

[0092] In [Fig.1] we can distinguish, schematically, the composition of the vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) comprising one of the shells (1) washed substantially free of organic matter and crushed and an element promoting soil life (2) as well as the mixture of varieties of bulbs (3) and / or seeds (4).

[0093] According to one embodiment of the invention, the vegetated matrix-structure substrate further comprises a percentage Z% of plant compost, Z% being between 1% and 20% by volume of the matrix-structure substrate. The plant compost may preferably comprise fibrous plant waste. The fibrous plant compost component may comprise branches or other ingredients based on fibrous plant waste. The dying plants will replenish the plant compost.

[0094] To meet specific implementation requirements of the invention, the percentage Z% of plant compost can be increased. In this case, Z% can be between 20% and 30% by volume of the matrix substrate. One of the advantages of this adaptation is to increase water retention capacity.

[0095] According to one embodiment of the invention, the vegetated substrate with a matrix structure is arranged for use on a roof. In this embodiment, care will be taken to limit the weight of the substrate by avoiding, for example, the inclusion of sand or crushed shells with a very small particle size.

[0096] Fig. 2 illustrates this embodiment. We can distinguish the vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) which is placed on a geotextile (11) protective textile (12), an insulator (13) and the building structure or roof (14).

[0097] According to one embodiment of the invention, the shells are arranged washed and substantially free of organic matter, and the shells are arranged crushed with a particle size between 1-60 mm, preferably 2-6 mm minimum and 30-40mm maximum, said substrate comprising up to 5% whole shells by volume of the matrix structure substrate.

[0098] In this embodiment, the shells are crushed to a particle size of 1-60 mm, preferably a minimum of 2-6 mm and a maximum of 30-40 mm, with up to 5% whole shells. The substrate is preferably self-sustaining, acting as its own growing medium by vegetating the shell. The plants grow directly in the shell. The shell nourishes the plant system with the mineral matter it contains. The mineral shell serves as a support for the vegetation.

[0099] The shell substrate may, for example, have a density similar to that of pozzolan, which is a porous natural rock composed of basaltic volcanic scoria or rocks of similar composition. It has an alveolar structure. One advantage of the shell over pozzolan is that the shell provides nutrients to the plants.

[0100] Vegetated substrate of matrix structure according to the preceding claim, in which the shells are arranged distributed substantially according to their granulometry in a decreasing manner from the surface of the substrate towards the base of the substrate.

[0101] An important aspect of our vegetated structural substrate is its ability to transform roofs into whiter surfaces during the summer months, thereby maximizing solar radiation reflection and lowering roof temperatures. This phenomenon relies on the albedo effect, which measures a surface's capacity to reflect solar energy. Our innovative approach aims to introduce a white tint in summer, when the vegetation dries out, thus revealing the shells on the substrate's surface.

[0102] Shells, particularly large-grained and whole shells, which are the main component of our vegetated structural substrate, remain visible after rain has washed away any other potential elements, leaving them exposed. It is important to note that the shells generally exhibit one whiter and one darker side, although their whiteness will change over time due to pigment degradation.

[0103] Furthermore, our invention therefore takes into account the natural process of shell lightening over time, regardless of which side is exposed to the sun. This lightening results from the degradation of pigments, which intensifies the reflection of solar radiation. Thus, even if the initially darker side of the shell is exposed to the sun, the whiteness of the shell becomes more pronounced over the seasons. The overall effect of this evolution helps to maintain a more reflective surface, supporting the objective of reducing the heat absorbed by roofs.

[0104] In summary, our approach to the vegetated structural substrate aims to use the albedo effect to transform roofs into reflective surfaces, with the shells as main element resistant to the elements and contributing to the reduction of heat absorbed by buildings during the summer season.

[0105] In practical terms, the installation of a vegetated structural substrate aims to promote the reflection of solar radiation by creating a white surface on building roofs. This action helps to lower roof temperatures, thus offering advantages in terms of building thermal regulation. The albedo effect therefore becomes a key consideration in the design of our vegetated structures, since it directly influences how heat is absorbed or reflected by the treated surface.

[0106] It is important to emphasize that the albedo effect plays a significant role in the thermal management of roofs. Indeed, when sunlight interacts with the white surface generated by the vegetated substrate, it is reflected differently compared to a surface of a different color. This differentiated reflection helps to mitigate heat absorption by roofs, thus limiting the temperature rise within buildings. Therefore, the implementation of vegetated substrates becomes a relevant strategy for improving the energy performance of buildings by effectively regulating the heat absorbed by their roofs. This results in a reduction of the carbon footprint of buildings equipped with our substrate.

[0107] In [Fig. 3], illustration A shows a situation in which the sun's radiation, represented in the upper left, is considerably reflected by the albedo effect. Then, according to the seasons throughout the year, illustration B shows a typical summer situation, illustration C a typical autumn situation, illustration D a typical winter situation, and illustration E a typical spring situation.

[0108] According to one embodiment of the invention, the shells comprise oysters, clams, scallops, and / or cockles, X% being between 50% and 100% by volume of the matrix structural substrate, preferably between 70% and 100% by volume of the vegetated structural substrate. In other words, if the substrate is sold in volumetric containers, one can begin by preferably filling the container entirely with the shells and then add the other components, which will fit into the spaces between the shells.

[0109] According to one embodiment of the invention, said element promoting soil life is a mycorrhiza, Y% being between 1% and 10% by volume of the matrix structure substrate.

[0110] In addition to the shells, our vegetated structure substrate can therefore be enriched by the inclusion of mycorrhizae, thus offering significant advantages for the regeneration and enrichment of the environment in which the plants evolve. Mycorrhizae establish a beneficial symbiosis with plant roots, promoting better absorption of nutrients and water from the soil. This mutualistic partnership improves the efficiency of plant growth by facilitating access to essential nutrients, thus contributing to better plant health and resilience. The inclusion of mycorrhizae in our substrate therefore strengthens the sustainability of the vegetated structure by providing additional biological support to plants, improving their ability to adapt to varying conditions and thrive in demanding environments. This biological aspect is an essential complement to the physical properties of the shells, creating a holistic and balanced approach to foster the long-term success of urban greening.

[0111] The inclusion of mycorrhizae and bacteria in a substrate offers several significant advantages for the regeneration and enrichment of the environment in which plants grow. First, mycorrhizae, which are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots, improve nutrient absorption, particularly of essential elements such as phosphorus and trace elements. This promotes more robust plant growth and greater resistance to environmental stresses. Similarly, the presence of beneficial bacteria in the substrate contributes to root system health by promoting the decomposition of organic matter, releasing essential nutrients, and protecting plants against soilborne pathogens.These microorganisms also contribute to the formation of a stable soil structure, promoting water retention and permeability, which is crucial for maintaining an environment conducive to plant growth, particularly in urban environments where water may be limited.

[0112] Together, mycorrhizae and bacteria enhance plant health, promote better absorption of nutrients and water, and contribute to the regeneration and enrichment of the environment in which plants grow, making it a valuable solution for green roofs and other sustainable development projects.

[0113] Mycorrhizae are likely to persist for several years. A mycorrhiza can be created by adding a mixture of fungi and bacteria to a substrate made from shells, according to a specific recipe. Fungi contribute to soil life. Mycorrhizae help plants absorb minerals from the shells. Mosses and lichens, which are a symbiotic association of a fungus and an alga, can also be used.

[0114] According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of bulb varieties and / or seeds comprises at least 20 to 50 seeds of different varieties and / or at least 2 bulbs of different varieties. In a preferred embodiment, 40 seeds of different varieties and at least 5 bulbs of different varieties may be used.

[0115] The mixture may preferably include 50 to 56 varieties of bulbs and seeds to plant with a varied and resilient floral and vegetative system.

[0116] In one embodiment, a solution containing only seeds may be considered. Alternatively, a solution containing only bulbs may be considered. Alternatively, a solution containing both seeds and bulbs may be considered.

[0117] The formulation of seed and bulb varieties can be adapted according to the geographical situation, the particularities of the relief such as coastal or mountain areas, and local needs such as the search for the achievement of the pollination of a certain variety of plants or an adaptation to a local fauna and flora.

[0118] The proposed mixture is specifically adapted to the location where the substrate will be used in an area with varying climatic conditions, such as those found in different regions of France and Europe. The range of varieties has been carefully selected to meet the needs of all climatic situations. Our substrate satisfies the requirements of different climatic zones.

[0119] According to one embodiment of the invention, the vegetated substrate with matrix structure (10) further comprises at least one biodegradable waste (15), said biodegradable waste (15), see [Fig. 1], comprising polystyrene, any other carbon compound, or any other biodegradable waste. Other biodegradable waste includes cigarette butts, corks, or other items that can help retain water, as well as absorbent layers and locally sourced waste such as construction debris, brick or tile remnants, and other waste such as eggshells, nutshells, snail shells, mussel shells, or crustacean shells.

[0120] In addition to mussel or oyster shells, there are several other types of shells that can be used in our substrate:

[0121] Clam shells: These shells are similar to mussel or oyster shells and can be used similarly for their filtering and drainage properties.

[0122] Snail shells: They are often used in substrate mixes for gardens because of their ability to retain moisture and provide nutrients to plants.

[0123] Various sea crustacean shells: Other types of shells, such as those of crabs, shrimp or lobsters, may also be used, although they may sometimes require additional processing due to their size or chemical composition.

[0124] By using crushed shells as a substrate component for green roofs, an environment conducive to plant growth can be created while promoting biodiversity and offering additional ecological benefits, such as water retention and filtration.

[0125] Implementation of the invention: our substrate can be installed in new construction as well as in renovation on residential, non-residential and industrial buildings in urban areas. Suitable for all types of load-bearing elements such as concrete, steel, and / or wood, it can be installed directly on any root-resistant waterproofing membrane, whether bonded, semi-independent, or mechanically fixed, as well as on inverted roofs. Requiring no heavy tools or specialized horticultural knowledge for installation, our substrate is easy to apply and poses no risk of puncturing the waterproofing. A team of four can install nearly 250 m² of green roof in a single day, representing a significant time saving.

[0126] Spread with a rake 10-20 cm, preferably about 15 cm thickness of vegetated structural substrate on flat roofs or slopes up to 15%.

[0127] A first layer of substrate is laid down, and then the bulbs and seeds are scattered on top. Ideally, there should be about 50 bulbs per square meter. Add more substrate to reach an average thickness of 15 cm, without attempting to level it. Ideally, the top surface of the substrate should be left to undulate or ripple.

[0128] After applying the protective layers as described in [Fig.2], [Fig.4] schematically shows an example of the implementation of our substrate on a roof, starting with the delivery of the substrate using a large container, as seen in illustration A. The substrate can be spread using a rake, as seen in illustration B, to obtain a flat upper surface, as seen in illustration C.

[0129] According to one embodiment of the invention, the seeds are scattered on the surface without raking or attempting to bury them.

[0130] In warm weather, an initial watering is recommended to initiate the functioning of the substrate.

[0131] According to a preferred method, the installation of our substrate is more effective in September / October. This eliminates the need for the initial watering and allows for good plant establishment.

[0132] As will be understood, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above by way of non-limiting example; on the contrary, it encompasses all variant embodiments. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described, and numerous modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. Moreover, the various features, forms, variants, and embodiments of the invention can be associated with the with each other in various combinations insofar as they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.

Claims

Demands

1. Vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) comprising a percentage X% of washed shells (1) substantially free from organic matter and crushed and a percentage Y% of a soil life promoting element (2), characterized in that the substrate further comprises a mixture of bulb varieties (3) and / or seeds (4).

2. Vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) according to claim 1 wherein the substrate further comprises a percentage Z% of plant compost (5), Z% being between 1% and 20% by volume of the matrix structure substrate, said plant compost (5) preferably comprising fibrous plant waste.

3. Vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) according to any one of the preceding claims which is arranged for use on a roof, avoiding the inclusion of sand or crushed shells with a particle size below 2-6mm.

4. Vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shells (1) are arranged crushed with a particle size between 1-60mm, preferably 2-6mm minimum and 30-40mm maximum, said vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) comprising up to 5% whole shells (1) by volume of the matrix structure substrate (10).

5. Vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the shells (1) are arranged distributed substantially according to their granulometry in a decreasing manner from the surface of the vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) towards the base of the vegetated matrix structure substrate (10).

6. Vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the shells (1) comprise oysters, clams, scallops and / or cockles, X% being between 50% and 100% by volume of the matrix structure substrate (10).

7. Vegetated matrix structure substrate (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said soil life-enhancing element (2) is a mycorrhiza, Y% being between 1% and 10% by volume of the matrix structure substrate (10).

8. Vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixture of bulb varieties (3) and / or seeds (4) comprises at least 20 to 50 seeds (4) of different varieties and / or at least 2 bulbs (3) of different varieties, preferably 40 seeds (4) of different varieties and at least 5 bulbs (3) of different varieties.

9. Vegetated substrate of matrix structure (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one waste to be degraded (15), said waste to be degraded (15) comprising polystyrene, any other carbon compound or any other waste.

Images