Photovoltaic panel structure including a photovoltaic panel orientation adjustment device.

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic panel support structure (1) comprising a base (10) defining a reference plane (P0) and a movable frame (11) accommodating the photovoltaic panel (100) and defining a mounting plane (P1), the movable frame being rotatably mounted about a first axis (A1) on the base. The structure also includes a locking device arranged between the movable frame and the base for stabilizing the movable frame relative to the base in at least two distinct positions, which includes a stabilizing member (12) comprising a first connecting element (121) that engages in at least two second connecting elements (102) of the base located at varying distances from the first axis. A second locking member (13) is configured to lock the first connecting element in one of the at least two second connecting elements in a locked position. Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Photovoltaic panel structure comprising a photovoltaic panel orientation adjustment device. technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic panels or solar panels, and more particularly to a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows the tilt of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted in order to make the best use of sunlight at various times of the year, for example, throughout the four seasons, and / or to be installed on various supports with different tilt angles, such as on a wall, on the ground, or on a roof. The present invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising this type of support structure and a photovoltaic panel. Technological background

[0002] A photovoltaic panel is used to convert solar energy into electricity. It is composed of photovoltaic cells that capture photons from sunlight and generate an electric current through the photovoltaic effect. This electricity can then be used to power electrical appliances, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the electrical grid. Photovoltaic panels are a sustainable and renewable solution for producing energy, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] The orientation of photovoltaic panels is crucial for maximizing their efficiency. To capture the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the day, the panels must be optimally oriented with respect to the sun's path. In the Northern Hemisphere, this generally means a southward orientation, as this allows the panels to receive the most direct sunlight possible. The tilt of the panels, which depends on the latitude, must also be adjusted to optimize the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, thus maximizing electricity production.

[0004] The importance of this orientation is linked to the fact that the amount of solar energy captured varies with the angle and position of the sun in the sky. Poor orientation or tilt of the panels can significantly reduce their energy yield, as they will not receive enough direct sunlight. By optimizing the orientation and tilt of the photovoltaic panel, maximum absorption of solar energy is ensured throughout the year, including during seasons when the sun is stronger. low in the sky. This ensures stable and efficient electricity production, making the installation of photovoltaic panels more efficient and profitable.

[0005] Photovoltaic panels can be installed on different types of surfaces, each with its own characteristics in terms of tilt. Therefore, different installation scenarios must be considered for a photovoltaic panel depending on the type of surface on which it is installed.

[0006] A photovoltaic panel is, for example, installed on one of the mounting surfaces listed below, the mounting surface having a specific angle relative to the ground:

[0007] • A pitched roof, this type of installation being common in residential buildings and often Well-suited for photovoltaic installations. The roof pitch largely determines the panel orientation. Generally, pitched roofs have a slope of 15 to 45 degrees. The optimal angle for the panels is close to the roof pitch, often adjusted slightly to optimize production according to latitude.

[0008] • A flat roof, used for example for commercial, industrial and for residential buildings. On these flat roofs, the panels are usually mounted on structures that tilt them at approximately 10 to 15 degrees.

[0009] • Directly on the ground, for example for photovoltaic power plants, generally installed in undeveloped areas, industrial wastelands or on agricultural land. The panels are mounted on inclined structures generally between 20 and 30 degrees, depending on the latitude and local conditions.

[0010] • On building facades, the panels being, for example, directly integrated in building facades. The surface area is then often vertical or close to vertical (90 degrees). This configuration is less optimal in terms of energy production compared to roofs, but it can be useful in high-density urban areas.

[0011] • On transport infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, subway stations or train. The inclination of the landing surface varies depending on the specific structure.

[0012] The optimal tilt of a photovoltaic panel relative to a horizontal plane also depends on the latitude at which the photovoltaic panel is installed. Therefore, the optimal orientation of a photovoltaic panel according to its latitude follows these recommendations: • a tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel of 10 to 20° for a low latitude, i.e. between 0 and 23.5°; • an angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel close to the inclination of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude between 23.5 and 50°; • a tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel greater than the tilt of the latitude of the installation site for a latitude greater than 50°, so as to maximize the exposure of the photovoltaic panel during the winter months when the sun is low on the horizon.

[0013] It is therefore essential to follow these recommended tilt angles to optimize the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel, regardless of the surface area. Additionally, the orientation of the photovoltaic panel should be adjusted according to the seasons.

[0014] Photovoltaic panel support structures described in the following documents are known: FR3112912; US9166525; CN214315144; CN209389991; US2024 / 0007043; CN113595486; CN112046326; FR3079090; US8176693; FR3056363; US9553544; and CN115913077. These photovoltaic panel support structures comprise a base that is fixed to a receiving surface, for example one of those mentioned above, and a movable frame that pivots relative to the base, and an adjustment device for fixing the movable frame relative to the base in two or more angular positions. Summary of the present invention

[0015] The present invention overcomes the technological background problems described above by designing a photovoltaic panel support structure that allows a photovoltaic panel to be mounted on different types of supports with varying orientations, while also allowing optimal adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's tilt relative to the vertical, thus enabling optimal use of the photovoltaic panel. Compared to existing solutions described in the aforementioned prior art documents, the photovoltaic panel support structure is intended to be simple in design, easy to use, and easily adaptable to allow modification of the angular position between the base and the mobile frame in more than two positions.

[0016] To this end, the invention relates firstly to a photovoltaic panel support structure comprising: - a base defining a reference plane, the base being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame defining an assembly plan, the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel; - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame and the base to mount the mobile frame in rotation around a first axis on the base, the first axis being parallel to the reference and mounting planes; and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame and the base, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame relative to the base according to at least two defined angular positions between the reference plane and the mounting plane. According to the invention, the locking device comprises: - an elongated stabilizing organ, a second pivot joint being arranged between the mobile frame and the stabilizing organ to mount the stabilizing organ in rotation around a second axis on the mobile frame, the second axis being parallel to the first axis, the stabilizing organ comprising at a distal end of the second axis a first connecting element; - a first locking device attached to the base and defining a third axis not parallel to the first axis and comprising at least two second connection elements, complementary to the first connection element, defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis and configured to receive the first connection element; - a second locking member, a sliding link being arranged between the second locking member and the first locking member to translate said second locking member along the third axis into a locked position or into an unlocked position, said second locking member being configured to: • to lock, in the locked position, the first connection element in one of the at least two second connection elements receiving it, and • release, in the unlocked position, the first connection element from the second connection element receiving it.

[0017] Such a structure allows the orientation of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted for any surface, the receiving surface defining the surface of the support to which the base is fixed. The locking device allows the structure to be secured in different adjustment positions, thus preventing any unintended change in the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel, which is defined by the angle formed between the reference plane and the mounting plane.

[0018] According to a first advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame comprises a third connecting element, which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element fixed to the second locking member when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle. The third connecting element is locked within the fourth connecting element when the second locking member is in the locked position and free when the second locking member is in the unlocked position. The third and fourth connecting elements thus allow for an additional orientation of the photovoltaic panel in which the reference and mounting planes are closest together or even coincide.This configuration makes it easier to transport the structure, as it is in a folded position, while keeping it in this position preventing any risk of opening the angle formed between the reference plane. and the assembly plan as well as any risk of collision between different elements of the structure.

[0019] According to a second advantageous embodiment, the mobile frame comprises a third connecting element, which is configured to insert into a second connecting element when the reference and mounting planes form a minimal angle. The third connecting element is locked into the second connecting element when the second locking member is in the locked position and free when the second locking member is in the unlocked position. The advantages are similar to those described above, with the added benefit of sharing a structural element, as a second connecting element can receive either the first or the third connecting element.

[0020] According to an advantageous embodiment, the second locking member includes a pull tab configured to allow manipulation of the second locking member by a user. The pull tab thus allows the user to easily move the second locking member in order to lock or release the first connecting element during an operation to adjust the tilt of the photovoltaic panel.

[0021] According to an advantageous embodiment, the third axis is parallel to the reference plane and normal to the first axis.

[0022] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a retaining element configured to hold the second locking member in the locked position. This retaining element prevents any unintentional displacement of the second locking member.

[0023] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a return element configured to bring the second locking member to the locked position. Thus, when the user has finished adjusting the tilt of the photovoltaic panel by adjusting the angle between the base and the mobile frame, the lock is again effective without any further operation, the second locking member automatically returning to the locked position.

[0024] According to an advantageous embodiment, the stabilizing member is a rod with a circular cross-section. Such a rod is particularly easy to manufacture and economical.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises openings leading to a bearing surface, the bearing surface being parallel to the reference plane, configured to allow the passage of fastening elements. The base can thus be fixed securely to the receiving surface, for example by means of screws or bolts.

[0026] According to an advantageous embodiment, the structure includes a ballast element configured to be anchored to the base. The ballast element then allows the The structure rests on the ground without the use of any fixing elements that could damage the surface. This allows the structure to be easily moved.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, mechanical stops are configured to limit the travel of the second locking member relative to the first locking member. The second locking member is thus captive. This also allows the user to easily feel, during operation, when the second locking member reaches the locked and unlocked positions.

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment, the first locking member comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis, the at least two second connecting elements consisting of notches arranged at different positions along the profile, the first connecting element consisting of a rod configured to engage in one or the other of the at least two notches, the second locking member comprising a bar extending along the third axis and mounted as a slide along said third axis relative to the profile, the bar comprising at least two fingers configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position. Such elements can thus be made using various components such as sheets and / or profiles, thereby enabling mass production and industrialization of elements that are both reproducible and cost-effective.

[0029] According to an advantageous embodiment, the base comprises at least one fifth connecting element and the mobile frame comprises at least one sixth connecting element, the at least fifth and sixth connecting elements being complementary and configured to removably mount and lock the mobile frame onto the base, thus constituting said first pivot joint along the first axis, during said mounting. Other embodiments could be envisaged with a permanent pivot joint along the first axis between the mobile frame and the base, in which case the mobile frame and the base would remain assembled together at said first pivot joint.

[0030] The invention also relates to a photovoltaic installation comprising the structure according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel fixed to the mobile frame.

[0031] According to an advantageous embodiment, the photovoltaic installation comprises an inverter electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel via a junction box. The inverter is then sized according to, in particular, the electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel.

[0032] Thus, thanks to all the functional and structural technical characteristics of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel support structure or even a solid photovoltaic installation is available, adapted to an installation on different reception surfaces with varied inclinations and easy handling allowing the inclination of the photovoltaic panel to be adjusted optimally regardless of the season. Brief description of the figures

[0033] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the description below, with reference to the attached Figures 1 to 14, which illustrate various embodiments without being limiting in any way and on which: - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, in a first embodiment; and - [Fig.2] represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1]; - [Fig.3] represents the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1] in different configurations; - [Fig.4] represents an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1]; - [Fig.5] represents a perspective view of part of the base of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1]; - [Fig.6] represents a cross-sectional view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1]; - [Fig.7] represents different views describing a kinematic of the elements of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1] to go from a locked position to an unlocked position; - [Fig. 8] represents a cross-sectional view of part of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig. 1] in a folded configuration; - [Fig.9] represents a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig.1] including a ballast; - [Fig. 10] represents a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig. 9]; - [Fig. 11] represents a view from below of the ballast element of [Fig. 9]; - [Fig. 12] represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, according to a second embodiment; - Figure 13 shows a perspective view of part of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 12 in a folded configuration; and - [Fig. 14] represents a perspective view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of [Fig. 12]. Description of examples of achievements

[0034] Examples of photovoltaic installations will now be described with reference to Figures 1 to 14. A first example of the realization of a photovoltaic panel support structure is described in particular with reference to Figures 1 to 11 and a second example of the realization of a photovoltaic panel support structure is described with reference to Figures 12 to 14.

[0035] Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure according to the present invention, according to a first embodiment.

[0036] The photovoltaic panel support structure 1 comprises a base 10 defining a reference plane PO, the base 10 being configured to be mounted on a mounting surface (not shown) whose inclination with respect to a vertical axis varies, the mounting surface belonging to a support such as the ground, a terrace, a vertical wall, a sloping wall, a sloping roof or a flat roof. To this end, the base 10 comprises, according to the example illustrated in [Fig. 1], openings 104 allowing the passage of fasteners such as screws or bolts in order to be fixed to the support, a bearing surface 103 under the base 10 bearing against a surface of the support, hereinafter referred to as the mounting surface. Note that passages 109 are also made in the base 10 opposite the orifices 104 so as to allow a screw head to pass through, for example, when the base 10 includes several surfaces through which the fixing elements pass.The reference plane PO is then defined by the support surface 103. It should be noted that other fixing methods are also possible, such as, for example, clamps allowing the base 10 to be pressed against the support. The base 10 can be made up of several parts, assembled together or not and fixed to the receiving surface, or of a single part fixed to the receiving surface.

[0037] The base 10 further includes means for receiving a movable frame 11, for example openings 108 illustrated in [Fig. 5] and made in two distinct locations so as to receive respectively a first hinge 11b and a second hinge 1 arranged on the movable frame 11 to form a pivot joint between the base 10 and the movable frame 11, the relative position of the two openings 108 defining a first axis Al of rotation of the movable frame 11 around the base 10. The base 10 includes, for example, a part extending longitudinally and connecting the two openings 108, [Fig. 5] representing in particular this part as a U, the openings 108 being made in the folded parts of this U.In particular, fins 106 are arranged on the base 10 and mounted in translation on the latter by means of, for example, two pins inserted in oblong-shaped housings, so as to close the openings 108, thus allowing the first and second hinges 11b, 1 to be locked in the openings 108 once the mobile frame is assembled on the base 10. Optionally, return elements such as springs. 107 are positioned between the base 10 and each fin 106 to return each fin 106 to its locking position, thus ensuring that the first and second hinges 11b, 1, are held securely in place. The first and second hinges 11b, 1, are here additional elements mounted on the movable frame 11, for example, fixed by crimping or screwing. According to other embodiments, it is possible to make them as a single element, or even to integrate them directly into the main body of the movable frame 11, for example, by machining or by using a main body of the movable frame made of a thermoplastic material and obtained by molding.

[0038] Figure 2 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation. In this example, the mobile frame 11 includes a frame lia, which is configured to receive a photovoltaic panel 100. In one embodiment, this frame lia can be an integral part of the photovoltaic panel 100. The frame lia has a receiving surface 111 suitable for supporting the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100. The lateral surfaces 1002 of the photovoltaic panel 100 are then inserted between the inner lateral surfaces 113 of the mobile frame 11 so as to laterally hold the photovoltaic panel 100 within the frame 1la. Note that the functional surface of the photovoltaic panel 100, i.e., the surface comprising the photovoltaic cells, is the upper surface 1003 of the photovoltaic panel 100.Frame 1, for example, is made from metal angle brackets, which are butted, welded or bent in several places, corresponding to the corners of frame 1a, at right angles.

[0039] It should be noted that the first axis Al is parallel to both the datum plane PO and the mounting plane PL. The rotation of the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 around this first axis Al has the effect of linearly varying the angle between the datum plane PO and the mounting plane PL. In order to regulate or adjust this angle between these two planes, a locking device is arranged between the mobile frame 11 and the base 10, the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame 11 relative to the base 10 in at least two defined angular positions between the datum plane PO and the mounting plane PL.

[0040] The locking device comprises several elements, including an elongated stabilizing member 12, which is mounted on the movable frame 11 by means of a first shoe 12a and a second shoe 12b. The stabilizing member 12 is connected to each of these shoes 12a, 12b via a pivot joint, the pivot joints being coaxial about a second axis of rotation A2. The stabilizing member 12 is then free to rotate about the second axis A2 and, when the shoes 12a, 12b are fixed to the movable frame 11, free to rotate relative to the movable frame 11 about the second axis A2. In one embodiment, it is It is possible to provide a plurality of holes on each shoe 12a, 12b into which the ends of the stabilizing member 12 are inserted so as to offer the possibility of modifying the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis Al, having the advantageous effect of multiplying the number of angle values ​​a of inclination of the mounting plane PI relative to the reference plane PO.

[0041] The brackets 12a, 12b are, for example, positioned in the middle of two opposite uprights of the frame 1la, so as to make the first and second axes A1, A2 parallel. The shape of the brackets 12a, 12b makes it possible, in particular, to avoid deforming the frame 1la when tightening the screws that secure the brackets 12a, 12b, if applicable. Their position relative to the frame uprights 1 is not, however, limited to this midpoint; indeed, the main constraint is to obtain parallel axes Al and A2 and to allow adjustment of the angle of inclination of the mounting plane PI relative to the reference plane PO, denoted a, which varies according to: • the relative position of the hinges 11b and 11 on the base 10, therefore the position of the first axis Al, • the relative position of the shoes 12a and 12b on the upright of the mobile frame 11, therefore the position of the second axis A2 relative to the first axis Al, a length Li separating the first axis Al from the second axis A2.a plurality of positions can be envisaged, according to other embodiment examples, for example by means of a sliding connection and clamping of the shoes 12a, 12b on the mobile frame 11 or by making several tapped holes in the mobile frame 11, • of a length of the stabilizing member 12, noted L2, • of a position of an end of the stabilizing member 12 distal to the second axis A2, relative to base 10, the distance between this position and that of the first axis Al is noted L3.

[0042] Indeed, the distal end of the stabilizing member 12 of the second axis A2 comprises a first connecting element 121. In order to position this end relative to the base 10 and thus adjust the angle α between the reference planes PO and mounting plane PI, a first locking member 101 attached to the base 10 comprises several second connecting elements 102, complementary to the first connecting element 121, defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis Al and configured to each receive the first connecting element 121. The second connecting elements 102 are, for example, aligned along a third axis A3 normal to the first axis Al, and distributed regularly along this third axis A3 or in such a way as to define a set of angle values, the value of the angle α between the reference planes PO and mounting plane PI belonging to this set of angle values. Thus, the second connecting elements allow to position the connection element 121 at a determined distance from the first axis Al, this distance being included in a set of values ​​corresponding to the distances separating each of the second connection elements 102 from the first axis Al.

[0043] Depending on the second connection element 102 in which the connection element 121 is positioned, the angle α between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI varies. Figure 3 thus shows different configurations, including: • a configuration 'A', the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI being equal to 0°, i.e. in which the reference planes PO and the mounting plane PI are parallel, • a 'B' configuration, the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI being equal to 30°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 furthest from the first axis Al, • a 'C' configuration, the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI being equal to 40°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102, the second furthest from the first axis Al, • a 'D' configuration, the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI being equal to 50°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 that is the second closest to the first axis Al, and • an 'E' configuration, the value of the angle between the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI being equal to 60°, the connecting element 121 being inserted into the connecting element 102 closest to the first axis Al.

[0044] The set of angle values ​​then comprises, according to the example illustrated in [Fig. 3], the following values: {30°; 40°; 50°; 60°}. Obviously, other values ​​are possible, by translating or adding one of the second connecting elements 102 along the third axis A3.

[0045] Thus, according to the particular embodiment illustrated in [Fig.1], the photovoltaic installation has five possible tilt settings, four of which are defined by the position of the first connection element in one of the second connection elements 102 of the base 10.

[0046] In order to hold the first connecting element 121 within a second connecting element 102, the locking device includes a second locking member 13 positioned relative to the first locking member 101 to form a sliding connection between the second locking member 13 and the first locking member 101. The second locking member 13 then translates along the third axis A3, its stroke being defined between a locked position and an unlocked position. The second locking member 13 is thus configured to: • to lock, in the locked position, the first connecting element 121 in one of the second connecting elements 102 receiving it, and • release, in the unlocked position, the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 receiving it.

[0047] Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1. The various elements of the locking device are thus distinguished. According to the illustrated example, the first locking member 101 comprises a rectangular profile extending longitudinally along the third axis A3. The second connecting members 102 consist of notches arranged at different positions along the profile. The stabilizing member 12 is a circular rod consisting of a rod with a more or less V-shaped profile and a flattened apex in its central portion. This central portion constitutes the first connecting member 121, and the central portion of the rod is configured to engage in one of the notches.The second locking member 13 comprises a bar extending along the third axis A3 and mounted to slide along the third axis A3 relative to the profile. The bar includes four fingers 132 configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position. The number of fingers 132 is equal to the number of second connecting elements 102, each finger 132 cooperating with a second connecting element 102. Thanks to the second locking member positioned in the locked position, it is not possible to disengage the first connecting element 121 from the second connecting element 102 in which it is engaged, even by applying a tensile force to the first connecting element 121, for example, directly via the stabilizing member 12 or indirectly by moving the movable frame 11 away from the first locking member 101.Thus, neither gravity nor wind, for example, are able to disengage the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102 and thus change the angle of inclination of the photovoltaic panel 100 mounted on the mobile frame 11. .

[0048] It should be noted that the second connection elements 102 are, according to this example, made directly in the main body of the first locking member 101. However, it is possible, according to other embodiments, to provide second connection elements 102 added to the main body of the first locking member 101, these second connection elements 102 being, for example, identical and fixed to the main body of the first locking member 101 by screwing or crimping, thus allowing standardization of the implementation of the locking device while allowing great flexibility in the implementation of different variants of the photovoltaic installation.

[0049] In order to prevent any unwanted translation of the second locking member 13 relative to the first locking member 101, a retaining element 14 is added Optionally. This retaining element 14 has the function of holding the second locking member 13 in the locked position.

[0050] Note that slots 136 are provided in the second locking member 13 to allow passage of the fastening means for attaching the photovoltaic installation to the support. The slots 136 are arranged opposite the openings 104 and any passages 109 when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position, the openings 104 and passages 109 being provided in the first locking member 101.

[0051] Fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation of Fig. 1, in which the retaining element 14 mounted in the first locking member 101 behind the second locking member 13 can be distinguished. In order to avoid losing this retaining element 14, a crimping pin 16 is inserted so as to crimp the retaining element in the first locking member 101, preventing any translation of the retaining element 14 relative to the first locking member 101.

[0052] Figure 7 shows various views describing the kinematics of the elements of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1 as they move from a locked position to an unlocked position. The first locking element is shown in cross-section, the cross-sectional plane being defined so as to be normal to the reference plane PO and to include the third axis A3, thus revealing the kinematics taking place inside the first locking element 101. The views are arranged vertically to follow an unlocking sequence comprising the steps E1, E2, E2, and E4.

[0053] Initially, that is, during the first step E1, the first connecting element 121 is positioned within a second connecting element 102. The second locking member 13 is in the locked position, that is, translated to its maximum extent towards the first axis A1. In this position, the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 are positioned so as to close off the second connecting elements 102. One of the fingers 132 is thus interposed between the first connecting element 121 and a second connecting element 102, into which it is engaged. The retaining element 14 is partially pressed against the second locking member 13, pressing against a first stop 134 of the second locking member 13, making it impossible for the latter to translate along the third axis A3.

[0054] In order to unlock the first connecting element 121, in a second step E2, a user exerts a force Fl on a bearing surface 141 located at one end of the retaining element 14, this end protruding from the first locking member 101. The retaining element 14 bends in a curvature zone 142 so as to move away from the first stop 134, thus releasing the second locking member to allow it to translate along the third axis A3.

[0055] In a third step E3, the user exerts a pulling force F2 on a pull tab 133 attached to the second locking member 13. The retaining element 14 being folded, it does not oppose the translation of the second locking member 13, which thus moves away from the first axis Al to reach the unlocked position. This position is reached when a second stop 135 of the second locking member 13 meets the curvature zone 142 of the retaining element 14, and opens the second connecting elements 102, thus releasing the first connecting element 121. When the second locking member 13 is translated into the unlocked position, the elastic retaining element 14 remains in contact with the second locking member 13, waiting to return to its initial position when the second retaining member 13 has returned to the locked position.

[0056] In a fourth step E4, the user exerts a tensile force F3 on the stabilizing member 12 for example by manipulating it directly or as a result of manipulating the photovoltaic panel 100 or the mobile frame 11 to which it is attached via the pivot connection made using the shoes 12a, 12b, in order to extract the first connection element 121 from the second connection element 102.

[0057] The user is then able to subsequently position the first connecting element 121 in a second connecting element 102 to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 100, and then push the second locking member 13 into its locked position, the retaining element 14 then returning to its rest position thanks to the spring effect of this retaining element 14 and again blocking any translation of the second locking member 13 along the third axis A3. This retaining element 14 is preferably implemented by means of a flexible strip which is curved and folded so as to give it the shape illustrated for example in [Fig. 7], said shape enabling this spring effect to be obtained.

[0058] According to another variant not illustrated, the retaining element 14 is replaced by any other locking means known to a person skilled in the art, for example by means of a pin inserted through the base 10 and the second locking member 13.

[0059] Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a photovoltaic installation comprising a photovoltaic panel support structure 1 according to a second embodiment. According to this particular embodiment, the first locking member 101 consists of a U-shaped profile open at the top. The shape of the fingers 132 of the second locking member 13 is notably different from that shown previously because the first locking member 101 does not have a bearing surface against which a finger 132 would bear; these are therefore made in such a way as to be more rigid than those presented in relation to the first example of implementation.

[0060] Figure 14 shows a perspective view of part of the locking device of the photovoltaic installation according to the variant shown opposite Figure 12. According to this variant, no retaining element is used; it is replaced by a return element 15, which here consists of a tension spring attached on one side to a first rod 110 integral with the first locking member 101 and on the other side to a second rod 137 integral with the second locking member 13. Step E2 is then eliminated, as the second locking member is not blocked in translation along the third axis A3. Similarly, the transition of the second locking member 13 from the unlocked position to the locked position occurs automatically without user intervention.Of course, on the embodiment described previously with regard to figures 1 to 11, it would be possible to provide a return element similar to that of [Fig. 12], in addition to the retaining element 14. .

[0061] Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1 in a folded configuration. This corresponds to configuration 'A' shown opposite Figure 3, in which the reference plane PO and the mounting plane PI form a minimal angle. This configuration differs from the other configurations, as maintaining the angle formed between the mounting plane PI in this position and the reference plane PO is not ensured by inserting the first connecting element 121 into a second connecting element 102.

[0062] Indeed, the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element 131 attached to the second locking member 13 when the reference planes PO and PI form the minimum angle and the second locking member 13 is in the locked position. The third connecting element 112 is then locked into the fourth connecting element 131 when the second locking member 13 is in the locked position and free when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocked position. According to this example, the third connecting element 112 defines a female part into which the fourth connecting element 131 engages.

[0063] This technical solution has the advantage of combining the locking kinematics, allowing the user to lock and unlock the mobile frame 11 in position relative to the base 10 by following the same steps as those shown opposite [Fig. 7]. The fourth connection element 112 is here an element attached to the frame 1 of the mobile frame 11; however, other embodiments are conceivable in order, for example, to integrate this function directly into the lia framework.

[0064] According to this example, the stabilizing element is positioned between the third connecting element 112 and the fourth connecting element 131, thus keeping the stabilizing element 12 at a distance from the photovoltaic panel 100 to prevent any collision between the stabilizing element 12 and the photovoltaic panel 100. Indeed, this configuration is ideal for transporting the photovoltaic installation, as it is in a compact folded position. Keeping the stabilizing element 12 away from the photovoltaic panel 100 prevents damage to the photovoltaic panel 100 in the event of any impacts between the panel and the stabilizing element 12, which is important because the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel is often very fragile.

[0065] According to another particular embodiment illustrated in [Fig. 13], the movable frame 11 includes a third connecting element 112, which is configured to fit into a second connecting element 102 when the reference planes PO and mounting plane PI form the minimum angle, the third connecting element 112 being locked in the second connecting element 102 when the second locking member 13 is in the locking position and free when the second locking member 13 is in the unlocking position.

[0066] This technical solution has the advantage of sharing a second locking element 102 for two configurations, corresponding for example to configuration 'A' and configuration 'E'. For this to work, it is necessary, for example, to make the third connecting element 112 so as to obtain the same functional surfaces as those of the first connecting element 121, for example by making a rod of the same outside diameter.

[0067] Optionally, in order to be able to place the solar installation on the ground for example, without fixing it to the support, a ballast element 17 is added to the structure 1.

[0068] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the photovoltaic installation of Figure 1, which includes such a ballast element 17. The ballast element 17 is configured, in particular, to be anchored to the base 10 of the structure 1 and thus replaces the support on which the structure 1 is fixed. The ballast element 17 is, for example, made of a high-density solid material, such as metal, concrete, or a high-density composite. In other embodiments, it consists of a casing filled with another material, such as water or sand, allowing an installer of the photovoltaic installation to easily transport the empty and therefore lightweight ballast element 17 and then fill it with this other material once installed.

[0069] Figure 10 shows a partial exploded view of the photovoltaic installation in Figure 8. According to this example, the ballast element 17 comprises bosses 174 distributed on either side and A groove 173 forms the receiving surface for the support and against which the bearing surface 103 of the base 10 rests. Holes 175 are positioned in this groove 173, configured to receive the fasteners for attaching the base 10 to the ballast element 17. These holes are, for example, through or threaded to allow the base 10 and the ballast element 17 to be assembled with a specific type of fastener. These holes 175 are positioned, in particular, so that they are aligned with the openings 104 when the base 10 is positioned on the ballast element 17.

[0070] Fig. 11 shows a bottom view of the ballast element of Fig. 8. According to a particular embodiment, the ballast element 17 includes pads 171 positioned on its rear face, which allow, for example, runoff water to pass under the ballast element 17. The number of pads 171 is determined so as, for example, to avoid puncturing a second support on which the ballast element 17 is placed, for example, to avoid perforating a waterproofing membrane laid on a roof terrace.

[0071] Between the studs 171 there appear grooves 172, these allow for example the passage of an electrical cable, which allows the photovoltaic installation to be electrically connected to an electrical network.

[0072] According to another variant not illustrated, the rear face of the ballast element 17 is solid so as to maximize the bearing surface of the ballast element 17 on a support.

[0073] According to a particular embodiment illustrated in particular in [Fig.1], the photovoltaic installation comprises the structure 1, a photovoltaic panel 100 fixed to the mobile frame 11 of the structure 1 and an inverter 200 electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via a junction box 300.

[0074] The junction box is for example glued to the rear face 1001 of the photovoltaic panel 100, is connected at the input to the photovoltaic cells of the photovoltaic panel 100 and is connected at the output to the inverter 200 via two electrical wires, the two electrical wires carrying a direct current when the photovoltaic panel receives solar radiation on its front face 1003.

[0075] The inverter 200 is, for example, a micro-inverter, configured to be connected to the photovoltaic panel 100 via the junction box 300. Optionally, the inverter 200 is also connected to other photovoltaic installations of the same type, the latter not having an inverter 200, the inverter 200 being shared for several juxtaposed photovoltaic installations for example.

[0076] The inverter 200 is for example fixed to the base 10 by means of fixing elements, for example via the passages 105 made in the base 10 and visible in particular in the [Fig.5].

[0077] Such a photovoltaic installation is thus easy to install on various supports with different inclinations. The inclination of the photovoltaic panel in this installation is then easily adjustable, an angle between a reference plane associated with the base of the photovoltaic panel support structure and a mounting plane of the photovoltaic panel being defined by means of a simple, intuitive, and safe adjustment mechanism. A user is thus able to place such a photovoltaic installation on a suitable support and adapt the photovoltaic panel support structure to ideally adjust the inclination of the photovoltaic panel according to the season, for example.

[0078] The invention is not limited, however, to the configurations and embodiments described above, but extends to any photovoltaic installation equipped with a photovoltaic panel support structure presented above.

[0079] It should be noted that this detailed description relates to two particular embodiments of the present invention, but that in no case does this description limit the scope of the invention; on the contrary, its purpose is to remove any possible imprecision or misinterpretation of the following claims.

[0080] It should also be noted that the reference signs in parentheses in the following claims are in no way intended to be limiting; these signs are solely intended to improve the intelligibility and understanding of the following claims and the scope of the protection sought.

Claims

1. Demands Photovoltaic panel support structure (1), which includes: - a base (10) defining a reference plane (PO), the base (10) being configured to be mounted on a receiving surface; - a mobile frame (11) defining a mounting plan (PI), the mobile frame being configured to accommodate the photovoltaic panel (100); - a first pivot joint arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10) to mount the mobile frame (11) on the base (10) in rotation around a first axis (Al), the first axis (Al) being parallel to the reference (PO) and mounting (PI) planes; and - a locking device arranged between the mobile frame (11) and the base (10), the locking device being configured to stabilize the mobile frame (11) relative to the base (10) according to at least two angular positions defined between the reference plane (PO) and the mounting plane (PI); Structure (1) is characterized in that the locking device comprises: - a stabilizing member (12) of elongated shape, a second pivot link being arranged between the movable frame (11) and the stabilizing member (12) to mount in rotation around a second axis (A2) the stabilizing member (12) on the movable frame (11), the second axis (A2) being parallel to the first axis (A1), the stabilizing member comprising at a distal end of the second axis (A2) a first connecting element (121); - a first locking member (101) attached to the base (10) and defining a third axis (A3) not parallel to the first axis (Al) and comprising at least two second connection elements (102), complementary to the first connection element (121), defined according to different positions more or less distant from the first axis (Al) and configured to receive the first connection element (121); - a second locking member (13), a sliding link being arranged between the second locking member (13) and the first locking member (101) to translate said second locking member (13) along the third axis (A3) into a position of locking or in an unlocking position, said second locking member (13) being configured to: • lock, in the locked position, the first connecting element (121) in one of the at least two second connecting elements (102) receiving it, and • release, in the unlocking position, the first connecting element (121) from the second connecting element (102) receiving it.

2. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to receive a fourth connecting element (131) integral with the second locking member (13) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (PI) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the fourth connecting element (131) when the second locking member (13) is in the locking position and free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocking position.

3. Structure (1) according to claim 1, wherein the movable frame (11) comprises a third connecting element (112), which is configured to fit into a second connecting element (102) when the reference planes (PO) and mounting plane (PI) form a minimum angle, the third connecting element (112) being locked in the second connecting element (102) when the second locking member (13) is in the locking position and free when the second locking member (13) is in the unlocking position.

4. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second locking member (13) comprises a pull tab (133) configured to permit manipulation of the second locking member (13) by a user.

5. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third axis (A3) is parallel to the reference plane (PO) and normal to the first axis (Al).

6. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which includes a retaining element (14) configured to hold the second locking member (13) in the locked position.

7. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which includes a return element (15) configured to bring the second locking member (13) to the locking position.

8. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the stabilizing member (12) is a rod of circular cross-section.

9. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the base (10) comprises orifices (104) opening onto a bearing surface (103), the bearing surface (103) being parallel to the reference plane (PO), said orifices (104) being configured to allow the passage of fastening elements.

10. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which includes a ballast element (17) configured to be moored to the base (10).

11. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein mechanical stops are configured to limit the stroke of the second locking member (13) relative to the first locking member (10b).

12. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first locking member (101) comprises a profile extending longitudinally along the third axis (A3), the at least two second connecting members (102) being made up of notches arranged at different positions along the profile, the first connecting member (121) being made up of a rod configured to engage in one or the other of the at least two notches, the second locking member (13) comprising a bar extending along the third axis (A3) and mounted in a slide along said third axis (A3) relative to the profile, the bar comprising at least two fingers (132) configured to lock the rod in the notch in the locked position.

13. Structure (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the base (10) comprises at least one fifth connecting element (106, 107, 108) and the mobile frame (11) comprises at least one sixth connecting element (11b, 11e), the at least one fifth connecting element and the at least one sixth connecting element being complementary and configured to mount and removably lock the mobile frame onto the base by constituting said first pivot connection along the first axis (A1i), during said mounting.

14. Photovoltaic installation comprising the structure (1) according to any one of the preceding claims and a photovoltaic panel (100) fixed to the mobile frame (11).

15. Installation according to claim 14, which includes an inverter (200) electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel (100) via a junction box (300).

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