Aqueous compositions and uses thereof

Abstract

A nail polish remover comprises: (a) at least one compound of Formula (I): [Refer to original abstract doc for image] where R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally subst

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to a nail polish remover comprising an aqueous composition, and the use of an aqueous composition as a nail varnish remover. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Typically, the solvents contained in nail polish removers, such as acetone, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate, are volatile and flammable, with a strong odour. The strong odours can cause problems such as dizziness or headaches. The flammable nature can also cause problems for storage, transports and handling. It is therefore desirable to provide an improved nail polish remover, which is water based, non-malodorous, environmentally benign, less or non-toxic and benign to nails and skin. It is also desirable to provide a method of removing nail polish with ease, and to provide a nail polish remover that has improved polish removal characteristics. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is defined in the appended claims. In accordance with a first aspect, there is provided a nail polish remover comprising: an aqueous composition comprising: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) GR' RO ~ P * O OP? wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water. The present inventors surprisingly found the above nail polish composition allowed for removal of nail polish from a variety of surfaces, such as skin, nail, plastic and wood with ease. The present inventors also surprisingly found that the water based remover, according to the present invention, decreased the likelihood of skin irritation or discomfort during and after use. The present inventors also found the nail polish remover had minimal odour, and so is suitable for use in enclosed spaces, and has a reduced risk of toxicity or odour related problems. Furthermore, the present inventors found that the above nail polish remover composition was safe to handler, store and transport than conventional nail varnish removers, due to its non-flammable nature. As such, the nail polish remover was shown to provide improvements over existing conventional nail polish removers such as acetone based nail varnish removers. In accordance with a second aspect, there is provided a use of an aqueous composition comprising: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OR* RO ~ P ® O OR* wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water as a nail polish remover. The present inventors surprisingly found that the nail polish remover has improved nail polish removal characteristics, such as good polish dissolving and polish removal characteristics. The nail polish remover may also have skin conditioning properties, low volatility, low flammability, low odour, in addition to being easy to use. The nail polish removal compositions according to, and used in, the present invention are preferably non-toxic and not damaging to skin, eyes or internal organs. The nail polish removal compositions according to, and used in, the present invention have been found to display remarkable cosmetic removal activity. Furthermore, the stability of the compositions was found by the present inventors to be high, and the compositions were found to not separate into phases on standing or storage. To assist the removal, plasticising or softening action of the nail polish, heat and / or mechanical abrasion (e.g., rubbing using a cotton pad) may be applied with the compositions on the surface to be treated. Certain embodiments of the present invention may provide one or more of the following advantages: improved or at least comparative nail polish removal properties compared to other products for the same use; improved or at least comparative nail polish softening properties compared to other products for the same use; easily applicable; quick-acting; stable resulting in a long shelf-life; clear / transparent composition; no requirement for neutralisation; non-toxic; non-flammable; fumeless; desired ease of handling; and desired ease of preparation. The details, examples and preferences provided in relation to any particular one or more of the stated aspects of the present invention apply equally to all aspects of the present invention. Any combination of the embodiments, examples and preferences described herein in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the present invention unless otherwise indicated herein, or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present inventors found the use of compositions according to the present invention allowed for complete, efficient and facile removal of nail polish from a variety of surfaces. When ranges are used herein, all combinations and sub-combinations of ranges and specific embodiments therein are intended to be included. As used herein, the term “lower alkyl” alkyl-phenyl group is a C1-8 alkyl phenyl group. As used herein, the term “lower alkyl” refers to a C1-8 alkyl. As used herein, the term "surfactant" refers to an excipient that decreases surface or interfacial tension to impart compositions with enhanced solubility and / or wettability. As used herein, the term “water soluble solvent” refers to solvents capable mixing with water fully i.e. in all proportions, or partly i.e. in some proportions. As used herein, the term “non-toxic” used herein refers to an acceptably low level of toxicity when the compound is present at an effective amount, and not necessarily to a complete absence of toxic effects. In particular, compounds which have only a temporary toxic effect and do no significant permanent harm, will be referred to and understood as “non-toxic” herein. Particular toxic effects which are to be avoided in the compositions of the present invention are carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. The term “nail polish” as used herein refers to materials used for providing a protective and / or decorative coating on fingernails and toenails. Examples of such material include, but are not limited to, materials known as nail varnish, nail lacquer, nail polish-lacquer, nail enamel, etc. It is understood that nail polish can be applied to surfaces other than nails, and thus the compositions provided herein can be used to remove nail polish from any surface having nail polish applied thereon. For example, the nail polish remover provided herein can be used for removing nail polish from surfaces including, but not limited to skin, hair, clothing, shoes, jewellery, furniture, tables, equipment, or other surfaces with nail polish applied thereon. The term “C1-10alcohol” as used herein refers to alcohols comprising a C1-10-alkyl group, preferably a C3-6 -alkyl group, and optionally attached OH-group, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, n-pentanol, etc. The C1-10 alkyl group may be un-branched or branched. The C1-10 -alcohol may be further substituted with one or more, preferably one, C1-3 alkoxy group(s), preferably methoxy group(s), to render alcohols such as, for example, 1-methoxy-1-ethanol, 2-methoxy-1-ethanol 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-methoxy-1-propanol or 2-methoxy-2-propanol. As used herein, the term "about" when referring to a number or a numerical range means that the number or numerical range referred to is an approximation within experimental variability (or within statistical experimental error), and thus the number or numerical range may vary. Typical experimental variabilities may stem from, for example, changes and adjustments necessary during scale-up from laboratory experimental and manufacturing settings to large scale, as is known to those familiar with the art of manufacturing. Such changes can vary between 1% and 10% of the stated number or numerical range. As used herein, the term "comprising" (and related terms such as "comprise" or "comprises" or "having" or "including") has an open meaning and therefore a pharmaceutical composition comprising described features may comprise additional components in addition to the described features. Abbreviations used herein have their conventional meaning within the chemical and biological arts, unless otherwise indicated. Nail Polish Remover The present invention provides a nail polish remover comprising: an aqueous composition comprising: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OR1 RO - P » O OR* wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water. The aqueous composition may, for example, be according to any of the embodiments described herein, including any combination thereof. The aqueous composition according to the invention has been found to be effective for removing nail polish, or for plasticising or softening nail polish prior to removal. The nail polish remover may also have skin conditioning properties, low volatility, low flammability, low odour, in addition to being easy to use. Use of Aqueous Composition as a Nail Polish Remover The present invention also provides a use of an aqueous composition comprising: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OR1 RO - P » O OR* wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water. as a nail polish remover. The aqueous composition may, for example, be according to any of the embodiments described herein, including any combination thereof. The nail polish remover of the present invention may be used for cleaning nails and / or skin, for removing coatings from nails and / or skin, or for plasticising or softening coatings or other nails and / or skin-adhered materials prior to removal from the nails and / or skin. The nail polish remover may be used to replace existing compositions for removing or cleaning nail polish within existing nail polish removers. The nail polish remover may be used to remove nail polish from a surface. In particular examples, the surface is nail and / or skin, wherein the nail is a fingernail or toenail. Alternatively, the surface includes, but is not limited to, skin, hair, clothing, shoes, jewellery, furniture, tables, equipment, or other surfaces with nail polish applied thereon. The nail polish remover may further comprise other components including but not limited to thickeners, fragrances, vitamin E, Aloe Vera gel and colour additives. The final cosmetic composition may have improved nail polish removal characteristics, skin conditioning properties, low volatility, low flammability, low odour, in addition to being easy to use. To assist the cleaning, softening or removing action of the nail polish remover of the present invention, heat and / or mechanical abrasion (rubbing) may be applied with the compositions on the surface to be treated. For example, when using the nail polish remover, the nail polish may also be rubbed with a cotton pad / cloth to aid removal. The cosmetic composition comprises an aqueous composition, the present invention also provides for use of an aqueous composition and a method of applying an aqueous composition. Aqueous Composition According to the present invention, there is provided an aqueous composition comprising: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OS? no - s ~ o OR* wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water. The aqueous composition may be in the form of a stable emulsion. A stable emulsion includes suspensions and dispersions. Preferably, the aqueous composition is in the form of a stable microemulsion. Preferably, the aqueous composition exists as a stable microemulsion, which may, for example be an “oil-in-water” emulsion. It should be noted that the phrase “stable emulsion” or “stable microemulsion” used herein refers particularly to an emulsion or microemulsion which is stable with respect to separation into unemulsified phases over a period of time normally required for such a composition, typically a few weeks or months. The word “microemulsion”, which includes suspensions and dispersions, refers to emulsions in which the emulsified droplets are of a size less than about 0.1 pm, so that the composition is clear / transparent and no milkiness results. The hydrophobic / oil phase of the aqueous composition may consist essentially of components (a) and (b). Components (a) and (b) may, for example, be present in a partitioned state between the hydrophobic and aqueous phases. The aqueous composition may be optically transparent. The aqueous composition may be thickened to increase its viscosity without impairing its optical or cleaning properties. It is most preferred, for safety reasons, that the organic components of the aqueous composition have a relatively high flash point (i.e. well above normal operating temperatures). It is also preferred, for convenience, that the organic components of the composition are liquid over the full range of normal operating temperatures. Component (a) - Formula (I) The aqueous composition comprises components (a) and (b), wherein component (a) is at least one compound of Formula (I) OR1 RO - P ® O wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkylphenyl groups. The term “lower alkyl” herein refers to alkyl groups containing up to 8 carbon atoms, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, s-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups. Such alkyl groups may optionally be mono- or poly-substituted, for example by one or more substituents selected from halo, nitro, amino, C1-4 alkylamino, di-Ci-4 alkylamino, hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy, carboxy, (Ci-4alkyl)carbonyl, (Ci-4alkoxy)carbonyl, C2-4 alkanoyloxy, (Ci-4alkyl)carbamoyl, aryl and cycloalkyl groups or salt derivatives thereof. Phenyl portions of compounds of Formula (I) may optionally be similarly mono- or polysubstituted. The compound of Formula (I) is preferably non-toxic. The at least one compound of Formula (I) is preferably water-soluble or water-miscible, if necessary, with the assistance of solubilising agents. However, insoluble or non-miscible compounds may be used provided that they are emulsifiable or suspendible, if necessary, with the assistance of emulsifying and / or suspending agents. The compound of Formula (I) may, for example, be a trialkylphosphate. The alkyl groups of the trialkylphosphate may, for example, all be the same (i.e. R=R1=R2). For example, the compound of Formula (I) may be triethylphosphate (R=R1=R2=ethyl) or tributylphosphate (R=R1=R2=butyl) or triphenylphosphate (R=R1=R2=phenyl) or tributoxyethylphosphate (R=R1=R2=butoxyethyl), or tricresyl phosphate (R=R1=R2=cresol). The compound of Formula (I) may be triethylphosphate. Triethylphosphate has been found to exhibit high activity, non-toxicity and water-miscibility. Component (b) The aqueous composition comprises components (a) and (b), wherein (b) comprises at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol is preferably non-toxic. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid or at least one C4-12 alkanol is typically poorly soluble or non-soluble in the aqueous composition. Therefore, this component is typically present in the hydrophobic / oil phase of the microemulsion. Component (b) - Ester The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid is preferably non-toxic. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid may be a lower alkyl ester of a straight-chain fully or partially saturated C2-20 alkyl mono-, di- or poly-carboxylic acid. The ester groups may be the same or different. The alkyl esters may be selected from fully or partially saturated straight-chain mono-, di- or tribasic carboxylic acids. For example, suitable esters include C2-10 alkanoic, alkanedioic or alkanetrioic acids, more particularly C2-8 alkanoic acids such as acetic acid, C4-8 alkanedioic acids such as succinic acid (butanedioic acid) and adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) or C4-8 alkanetrioic acids, or Cs-16 aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid is a C2-walkanoic, alkanedioic or alkanetrioic acid, or combinations thereof. The alkyl groups forming the at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid may be selected from lower alkyl groups (alkyl groups containing up to 8 carbon atoms), more particularly methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl and octyl. The alkyl groups of the esters may optionally be mono- or poly-substituted, in one or more of the acid and ester moieties, for example, by one or more substituents selected from halo, nitro, amino, C1-4alkylamino, di-Ci-4 alkylamino, hydroxy, C1-4 alkoxy and C2-4 alkanoyloxy groups or salt derivatives thereof. In an embodiment, the at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid comprises dimethyl succinate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, triacetin (1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate), tri-n-butyl citrate, dimethyl glutarate, n-octyl acetate and methyl octanoate, or combinations thereof. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid may be selected from optionally substituted lower alkyl diester of dibasic C2-20 carboxylic acids and optionally substituted lower alkyl triester of tribasic C4-20 carboxylic acids. For example, the at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid may be one or more of: a dialkyl adipate such as dimethyl adipate or diethyl adipate, or a dialkyl succinate such as dimethyl succinate or diethyl succinate, or a dialkyl glutamate such as dimethyl glutamate or diethyl glutamate, or a dialkyl glutarate such as dimethyl glutarate or diethyl glutarate, or a dialkyl phthalate such as dimethyl phthalate or dibutyl phthalate or diethyl phthalate or di(methylcyclohexyl)phthalate, or a dialkyl azelate such as dimethyl azelate or diethyl azelate, or benzyl butyl phthalate, 2-ethyl hexyl benzyl phthalate, butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, tetrabutylthiodisuccinate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, dibenzyl sebacate, the di-2-ethylhexyl ester of hexamethylene glycol diphthalate. The at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid may be or may comprise dimethyl adipate. Mixtures of di- or tribasic esters may also be used. An example of a suitable mixture of esters is dialkyl (e.g. dimethyl) adipate, dialkyl (e.g. dimethyl) succinate and dialkyl (e.g. dimethyl) glutarate. For example, a mixture comprising about 10 to about 25 wt.% dimethyl adipate, about 15 to about 25 wt.% dimethyl succinate and about 55 to about 65 wt.% dimethyl glutarate may be used, based on the total weight of component (b). The ester groups may be the same or different. For example, suitable carboxylic acid triesters include alkyl esters of fully or partially saturated straight-chain tribasic carboxylic acids such as, for example, citric acid. Component (b) Alkanol - (b) The at least one C4-12 alkanol is preferably non-toxic. In embodiments, the at least one C4-12 alkanol is preferably a branched C4-10alkanol. In an embodiment, the at least one C4-12 alkanol is an alkan-1-ol having one hydroxyl function and at least one alkyl side chain at the 2-position. Preferably, the alkan-1-ol has one alkyl side chain at the 2-position. Preferably, the alkanol is 2-ethyl-1-butanol. Amounts of Components (a) and (b) The aqueous composition may, in some embodiments, contain substantially equal volumes of components (a) and (b). Surprisingly, this has been found to enhance the formation of a clear stable microemulsion, even at very low water levels where the formation of emulsions of any description becomes difficult. In an example, Formula (I) comprises up to about 90% by volume of the total aqueous composition, for example, up to about 80% by volume, up to about 70% by volume, up to about 60% by volume of the total aqueous composition. As mentioned above, 14 components (a) and (b) may both be present in approximately equal volumes, for example, in an embodiment, each of (a) and (b) is present in an amount up to about 45% by volume of the total aqueous composition, more preferably up to about 40% by volume of the total aqueous composition. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises at least about 5 wt.% of component (a), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (a), or in the range of about 7.5 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of component (a), or in the range of about 8 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In an embodiment, where component (a) is triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate or tributoxyethyl phosphate, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 7.5 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. For example, in embodiments, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 7.5 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of component (a), or about 9 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), or about 15 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), or about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. Component (b) may, for example, be present in the aqueous composition in an amount of at least about 1 wt.%, for example at least about 1.25 wt.%, for example at least about 1.5 wt.%, for example at least about 1.75 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises at least about 2.5 wt.% of component (b), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 2.5 wt.% to about 40 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 10 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 20 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In an embodiment, where component (b) is a dimethyl adipate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutarate or combinations thereof, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 5 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of component (b), for example, in the range of about 15 wt.% to about 30 wt.% of component (b), or in the range of about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In an embodiment, where component (a) is triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate or tributoxyethyl phosphate and / or component (b) is benzyl butyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, 2-ethyl hexyl benzyl phthalate, butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, mixed benzoic acid and fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol, diethyleneglycol dibenzoate, tetrabutylthiodisuccinate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, acetyl tributyl citrate, dibenzyl sebacate, the di-2-ethylhexyl ester of hexamethylene glycol diphthalate, or di(methylcyclohexyl)phthalate, then component (a) or component (b) or the combination thereof are present in an amount more than 3.0 wt.%. For example, in an amount more than 5.0 wt.%, or more than 7.0 wt.%. Surfactant The aqueous composition may optionally comprise at least one surfactant. The surfactant may help the composition to exist as a stable emulsion or a stable microemulsion. The at least one surfactant, when present, may, for example, be selected from non-ionic water-soluble block copolymers of more than one alkylene oxide. Any suitable surfactant may be used. For example, in embodiments, the at least one surfactant is a block copolymer comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. These surfactants can provide a wide range of emulsification and dispersant effects, optionally functioning also as gelling agents. The non-ionic water-soluble block copolymer surfactant may have an approximate molecular weight in the range of about 8000 to about 16,000, for example about 12,000. In a particular embodiment, the at least one surfactant is a block copolymer comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide having an approximate molecular weight in the range of about 8000 to about 16,000. The non-ionic water-soluble block copolymer surfactant may have an approximate hydroxyl value in the range of about 5 to about 15 mg KOH / g (e.g. about 8.5 to about 11.5 mg KOH / g). The at least one surfactant may be a block copolymer of more than one alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide wherein the proportion (x) of the polyoxyethylene hydrophile in the copolymer (expressed as a percentage by weight) is approximately related to the molecular weight (y) of the polyoxypropylene hydrophobe by the formula: y >5000 - 40 x Such copolymers generally have a Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value in the range of about 20 to 28, as determined chromatographically. Water-soluble Synperonic PE™ surfactants (ICI, England), e.g. of the F-series (referring to their flake appearance), may be used. The at least one surfactant may, for example, be present in the aqueous composition in an amount equal to or less than about 10 wt.%, for example, equal to or less than about 7.5 wt.%, or equal to or less than about 5 wt.%, or equal to or less than about 3 wt.%, or equal to or less than about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The at least one surfactant may, for example, be present in the aqueous composition in an amount of at least about 0.1 wt.%, for example least about 0.2 wt.%, or at least about 0.3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The surfactant may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, for example, the surfactant component may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.5 to 8 wt.%, the surfactant component may be present in an amount in the range of about 1 to 4 wt.%, or the surfactant component may be present in an amount in the range of about 1 to 2 wt.%, 17 based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The surfactant may be used in conjunction with a cosurfactant. The cosurfactant may be a simple organic alcohol, such as a Ci-w alkyl alcohol, for example a C4-8 alkanol such as hexan-1-ol. A cosurfactant may improve the strength and stability of the emulsion / suspension produced by the surfactant, and assist in reducing foaming of the aqueous composition. Cosurfactants may comprise up to about 20 wt.% of the surfactant component, for example, up to about 10 wt.% of the surfactant component, or up to about 5 wt.% of the surfactant component. Water The aqueous composition comprises water. In embodiments, the aqueous composition may comprise equal to or less than about 70 wt.% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. For example, in embodiments, the aqueous composition may comprise equal to or less than about 65 wt.% water, equal to or less than about 60 wt.% water, equal to or less than about 55 wt.% water, equal to or less than about 50 wt.% water, or equal to or less than about 45 wt.% water, equal to or less than about 40 wt.% water, or equal to or less than about 35 wt.% water, or equal to or less than about 30 wt.% of water, or equal to or less than about 25 wt.% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In an embodiment, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 20 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. For example, in embodiments, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 30 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of water, or in the range of about 40 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of water, or in the range of about 50 wt.% to about 60 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In a particular embodiment, the aqueous composition may comprise in the range of about 50 wt.% to about 70 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The present inventors found that such amounts of water may be beneficial for avoiding separation of the aqueous composition, and for forming a stable emulsion. In embodiments, the aqueous composition may comprise equal to or less than about 70 wt.% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition and the aqueous composition exists as a stable emulsion, preferably as a stable microemulsion. In an alternative embodiment, the aqueous composition may comprise equal to or less than about 60 wt.% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition and the aqueous composition exists as a stable emulsion, preferably as a stable microemulsion. Rheology Control Agent The aqueous composition may optionally include at least one rheology control agent (“thickener”). The at least one rheology control agent may cause the aqueous composition to be in the form of a gel or gel-like paste. The at least one rheology control agent, when present, may be selected from: synthetic smectic clays composed of layered hydrous magnesium silicate free from crystalline silica, for example a synthetic hectorite clay such as Laponite; amide-modified hydrogenated castor oil based thixotropes; polyamide organic rheological additives; combinations of fumed (pyrogenic) silicas and polymer wax anti-settling agents; cross-linked non-acrylic hydrolysable vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers. Such copolymers include alkyl (e.g. C1-4 alkyl such as methyl) vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers cross-linked with an alkadiene such as 1,9-decadiene. Preferably, the polymers are available as white or off-white powders, having a moisture content of less than about 10% and a particle size less than about 1000 pm. Vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers are acidic on contact with water and are suitably adjusted to maximum viscosity between pH 3.0 and pH 8.0 (e.g. about pH 7.0) by addition of base; and combinations thereof. The aqueous composition may comprise the rheology control agent in an amount equal to or less than about 8 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 5 wt.%, or equal to or less than about 4 wt.%, or equal to or less than about 2 wt.% based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The ability of the aqueous composition to attach to nonhorizontal surfaces may be related to the amount of rheology control agent present in the aqueous composition. The rheology control agent may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to 8 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition, for example, the rheology control agent may be present in an amount in the range of about 0.5 to 5 wt.%, or about 1 to 2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In one embodiment, the rheology control agent may be a synthetic phyllosilicate. In an embodiment, the rheology control agent may be a synthetic phyllosilicate present in an amount of about 0.5 to 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The aqueous composition may be in the form of a thixotropic gel or gel-like paste. The thixotropic gel or gel-like paste may be easily applied to a surface comprising a nail polish. The aqueous composition may, for example, readily stay in contact with the surface for a sufficient length of time to allow the removal or softening action of the nail polish to proceed to the desired extent. For example, the aqueous composition may readily stay in contact with the surface for a sufficient length of time to allow the plasticising or softening action to proceed to the desired extent. After application to the surface comprising the nail polish, the aqueous composition may not dry quickly and may easily be washed or wiped off, for example together with the degraded nail polish material. Anti-foaming Agent The aqueous composition may optionally include one or more anti-foaming agents. The anti-foaming agent may act alongside the surfactant(s) to reduce foaming. The anti-foaming agent may, for example, be an organic alcohol. In an embodiment, the anti-foaming agent is a C1-10 alkyl alcohol, for example a C4-8 alkanol. For example, the anti-foaming agent may be or comprise hexan-1-ol. The anti-foaming agent may improve the strength and stability of the (micro)emulsion, and assist in reducing foaming of the composition. The one or more anti-foaming agents may, for example, also be selected from one or more polydimethylsiloxanes and other silicones, stearates and glycols. The one or more anti-foaming agents may, for example, be present in the aqueous composition in an amount equal to or less than about 5 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 2 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. For example, the one or more anti-foaming agents may be present in an amount equal to or less than about 0.5 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 0.3 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 0.2 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 0.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. Cosmetic Carrier and Standard Cosmetic Ingredients The nail polish remover may further comprise a cosmetically acceptable carrier. The cosmetically acceptable carrier may be any medium that is compatible with application to any keratinous surface (e.g. skin, lips or hair). The cosmetic carrier may comprise one or more standard cosmetic ingredients, such as, for example, hydrophilic or lipophilic gelling and / or thickening agents, anti-settling agents, antioxidants, fragrances, preservatives, neutralizing agents, sunscreen agents, vitamins, moisturizing agents, conditioning agents, self-tanning compounds, anti-wrinkle actives, emollients, hydrophilic or lipophilic active principles, agents for combating free radicals, sequestering agents, colouring agents, pearlescent agents and film-forming agents. The nail polish remover may further comprise at least one cosmetic component that strengthens or hardens nails, such as keratin amino acids, collagen, or ceramides or combinations thereof. The nail polish remover may further comprise at least one cosmetic component that moisturizes skin and nails and / or nourishes and / or promotes the wellbeing of nails and / or the tissue surrounding the nail. Such components include emollients, humectants, fragrances, colouring agents, conditioning agents, and other suitable components know to a person skilled in the art. For example, the cosmetic composition may include a component such as isopropyl myristate, oleyl lactate, behenyl behenate, myristyl lactate, lauryl lactate, stearyl lactate, an ester of lactic acid, or combinations thereof. Further cosmetic components that may be present include Vitamin E and oily solvents. Further cosmetic components that may be present in the nail polish remover are any such components that provide beneficial attributes to the nail polish remover composition of the present invention. The nail polish remover of the present invention may optionally further comprise cosmetic components that enhance efficiency such as emulsifying agents. The nail polish remover of the present invention may optionally further comprise a cosolvent of one or more Ci-ioalcohol(s), which may optionally be substituted with one or two C1-3 alkoxy group(s), preferably with one methoxy group. 2H The pH of the aqueous composition and / or nail polish remover according to the present invention is preferably in the range of about 5 to 9, namely around neutral. Additional Aqueous Composition Components The aqueous composition may comprise one or more additional components. For example, the composition may include conventional fillers, binders, stabilising agents, colorants and biocides. The additional components may comprise equal to or less than about 10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. For example, the additional components may comprise equal to or less than about 8 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 7 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 6 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 5 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 4 wt.%, for example equal to or less than about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. The nail polish remover may further comprise other traditionally used nail polish removers such as isopropyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and n-methyl-pyrrolidone. Preferably, the nail polish remover does not comprise any of these types of solvents. Aqueous Composition In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) 80 - F » O OP? wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water; wherein component (a) comprises triethylphosphate, and component (b) comprises methyl dibasic ester. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water; wherein component (a) comprises triethylphosphate, and component (b) comprises dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OR1 RO - P » O OR* wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water; wherein component (a) comprises triethylphosphate, and component (b) comprises dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate or combinations thereof, and wherein the aqueous composition comprises equal to or less than 70 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) QR' EO P « O wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water; where component (a) comprises triethylphosphate, and component (b) comprises dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate or combinations thereof, and wherein the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 7.5 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), and in the range of about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), and equal to or less than 70 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. In embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises: (i) components (a) and (b), (a) at least one compound of Formula (I) OR’ RQ - P ® G OR2 wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and (b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; and ii) optionally, at least one surfactant; and iii) water; where component (a) comprises triethylphosphate, and component (b) comprises dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate or combinations thereof, and wherein the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 20 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), and in the range of about 25 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), and equal to or less than 60 wt.% of water, based on the total weight of the aqueous composition. Method of Making Methods of forming the nail polish remover disclosed herein are also disclosed herein. The compositions of the present invention may be prepared by simple admixture. The methods comprise combining components (a) and (b), water and any optional components. The components may, for example, be mixed, using apparatus known to those skilled in the art, to form, for example, a solution, a colloidal dispersion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oil emulsion, a suspension, a cream, a lotion, a gel, a foam, a mousse or a spray.

Claims

1. A nail polish remover comprising:an aqueous composition comprising:(i) components (a) and (b),(a) at least one compound of Formula (I)HG - P ® GOR2wherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and(b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; andii) optionally, at least one surfactant; andiii) water.

2. The nail polish remover according to claim 1, wherein (a) is or comprises triphenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate or tributoxyethyl phosphate.

3. The nail polish remover according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the aqueous composition is non-toxic.

4. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein (b) is or comprises a non-toxic branched C4-10 alkanol.

5. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein (b) is or comprises an alkan-1-ol having one hydroxyl function and at least one alkyl side chain at the 2-position.

6. The nail polish remover according to claim 5, wherein the alkanol is 2-ethyl-1-butanol.

7. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein (b) comprises an alkyl ester of a fully or partially saturated straight-chain mono-, di-or tri-basic carboxylic acid, the alkyl portions being optionally mono-or poly-substituted.

8. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein (b) is or comprises a non-toxic C2-10 alkanoic, alkanedioic or alkanetrioic acid, or combinations thereof.

9. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein (b), the at least one ester, is or comprises dimethyl succinate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, triacetin (1,2,3-propanetriol triacetate), tri-n-butyl citrate, dimethyl glutarate, n-octyl acetate and methyl octanoate, or combinations thereof.

10. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one surfactant is present, and the at least one surfactant is or comprises a nonionic water-soluble block copolymer of more than one alkylene oxide.

11. The nail polish remover according to claim 10, wherein the at least one surfactant is or comprises a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

12. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous composition is a stable emulsion.

13. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein water comprises equal to or less than about 70 wt.% of the aqueous composition.

14. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 7.5 wt.% to about 25 wt.% of component (a), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.

15. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous composition comprises in the range of about 15 wt.% to about 35 wt.% of component (b), based on the total weight of the aqueous composition.

16. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nail polish remover further comprises an additional solvent.

17. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nail polish remover further comprises at least one cosmetic component that strengthens or hardens nails, such as keratin amino acids, collagen, or ceramides or combinations thereof.

18. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the nail polish remover further comprises at least one rheology control agent, optionally the rheology control agent comprises a hydrophilic rheology control agent.

19. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous composition further comprises an anti-foaming agent.

20. The nail polish remover according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aqueous composition is optically transparent.

21. Use of an aqueous composition comprising:(i) components (a) and (b),(a) at least one compound of Formula (I)OR1RO - P * Owherein R, R1 and R2, which may be the same or different, represent optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted lower alkyl-phenyl groups; and(b) at least one optionally substituted lower alkyl ester of a C2-20 carboxylic acid; or at least one C4-12 alkanol; andii) optionally, at least one surfactant; andiii) water,as a nail polish remover.