Multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler, comprising multiple movably connected composite disks, each composite disk comprisin

Description

The present disclosure belongs to the field of transmission technologies in mechanical engineering, and particularly relates to a multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler. BACKGROUND Pump and fan loads in China consume a relatively high proportion of energy in motors. Adjusting a speed of a motor working machine by a speed adjustment method is an energy-saving method, but high-order harmonics generated may have various adverse effects on the motor and a power supply, and maintenance is difficult. A novel magnetic transmission device, i.e., a magnetic coupler has advantages such as maintenance free, high efficiency and energy saving, stable and reliable, and overload protection, and is widely applied in pumps and fans. However, in occasions such as submarines and underwater tunnels where there is a large axial size but a limited radial size, the use of magnetic couplers may be restricted. Moreover, compared to traditional couplers, the magnetic couplers have weak load-bearing capacities. Therefore, achieving a reduced radial length and a high-power high-torque output of a magnetic coupler is an important research direction for its application on ocean platforms and large vessels. A novel composite dual-disk magnetic coupler is disclosed in Patent No. 201610573976.7, including two axially magnetized Type-I permanent magnet rotors, a radially magnetized Type-II permanent magnet rotor, two conductor rotors, and a conductor ring. The conductor rotor, the Type-I permanent magnet rotor, the Type-II permanent magnet rotor, the outer conductor ring, the Type-I permanent magnet rotor, and the conductor rotor are sequentially installed from an input side. When an input shaft rotates, the conductor rotors and the conductor ring are driven to rotate, and the permanent magnet rotor is caused, according to a principle of electromagnetic induction, to drive an output shaft to rotate. By moving the permanent magnet rotor on the output shaft, and adjusting air gap lengths on both sides and a facing area of the middle permanent magnet, speed adjustment can be achieved. However, a permanent magnet yoke iron disk of the invention is only provided with rectangular through holes designed and cannot change an installation arrangement of permanent magnets according to actual occasions. Moreover, during speed adjustment, the three sets of permanent magnet rotors can only move axially in one direction, resulting in inconsistent air gap lengths on both sides and affecting a generated electromagnetic torque. A novel speed-adjustable disk asynchronous magnetic coupler is disclosed in Patent No. 201810872097.3. A conductor rotor is installed on a transmission shaft, and a permanent magnet rotor is arranged on each of driving and driven sides of the conductor rotor. By moving the permanent magnet rotors on both sides, air gap lengths between the permanent magnet rotors and the conductor rotor are simultaneously changed to achieve a purpose of speed adjustment. However, there are only two sets of permanent magnet rotors in the invention, only two sets of air gaps can be formed between the permanent magnet rotors and the conductor rotor, and the number thereof cannot be further increased on this basis. Under requirements of high-power use, the magnetic coupler can only increase the structural size in a radial direction, which is difficult to use in occasions where there is a limited radial size. SUMMARY In order to address the shortcomings of the prior art, the present disclosure proposes a multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler. The multi-set multi-disk multiair-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler is formed of a plurality of sets of permanent magnet rotors and conductor rotors, and a speed adjustment device. The speed adjustment device drives a single set of permanent magnet rotors to move to drive the other permanent magnet rotors to move, so that a plurality of air gaps are jointly adjusted to achieve speed adjustment of the magnetic coupler, and a large electromagnetic torque and a high power are obtained. The present disclosure is applicable to occasions where there is a large axial size but a limited radial size, such as on ocean platforms and large vessels. A technical solution adopted by the present disclosure is as follows. A multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler includes: an input shaft; an output shaft, the output shaft being arranged coaxially with the input shaft; multiple composite disks sequentially arranged on the output shaft, each of the composite disks including a conductor rotor set, a permanent magnet rotor set, a gear and rack mechanism, and a spline sleeve; the spline sleeve being fitted onto the output shaft and connected by keys; the permanent magnet rotor set including two permanent magnet yoke iron disks arranged opposite to each other, and permanent magnets respectively arranged on two permanent magnet yoke iron disk surfaces; the conductor rotor set including two conductor yoke iron disks arranged opposite to each other, and conductors respectively arranged on two conductor yoke iron disk surfaces; wherein in the same composite disk, the conductor yoke iron disks are opposite to the permanent magnet yoke iron disks and the permanent magnets are opposite to the conductors one by one on the same side; and there are air gaps between the permanent magnets and the conductors; in the same composite disk, one of the conductor rotor set and the permanent magnet rotor set serves as a driving unit, and the other serves as a driven unit; a power input end of the driving unit is in power connection to the input shaft; the yoke iron disks in the same driving unit and the yoke iron disks in adjacent driving units are fixedly connected; the driven unit is fitted outside the spline sleeve and is connected to the spline sleeve by a spline; the yoke iron disks in the same driven unit are connected by the gear and rack mechanism; and the adjacent driven units are connected by a rocker slider mechanism; and a crank slider mechanism connected to a power output end of the driven unit. Furthermore, the gear-rack mechanism includes a first support disc, two racks, and a gear; where the first support disc is fitted onto the spline sleeve and connected to the spline sleeve by keys; a limit block is arranged on an outer surface of the first support disc, and two protrusions are arranged on the limit block, the two protrusions are staggered in the axial direction, a guide rod is arranged on each of the two protrusions, and the guide rod is arranged in the axial direction; one end of each of the two racks is fixedly connected to an adjacent permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and an other end of each of the two racks is provided with a circular channel; the guide rod is inserted into the circular channel of each of the two racks; the gear is installed between the two racks, and the gear meshes with the two racks respectively for transmission. Furthermore, a disc shell is fitted outside the first support disc, and the disc shell has a groove opened corresponding to the limit block, and after the first support disc and the disc shell are assembled, the gear and the two racks will be confined within the groove of the disc shell. Furthermore, the rocker slider mechanism includes an upper slider, a fixed base, and a plurality of rockers; the fixed base is fixedly installed on a second support disc, the second support disc is fitted onto an output shaft, and the second support disc is connected to the output shaft by keys; the fixed base is provided with a support column, the support column is arranged in a radial direction of the second support disc; the upper slider is fitted onto the support column, and two sides of the fixed base facing permanent magnet yoke iron disks are respectively hinged to one end of a first support member and one end of a second support member; two sides of the upper slider facing the permanent magnet yoke iron disks are respectively hinged to one end of a first rocker and one end of a second rocker, and a sliding groove is provided on each of the first rocker and the second rocker; an other end of the first support member is inserted into the sliding groove of the first rocker through a cylindrical pin, and an other end of the second support member is inserted into the sliding groove of the second rocker through a cylindrical pin; an other end of the first rocker and an other end of the second rocker are respectively hinged to two adjacent permanent magnet yoke iron disks. Furthermore, the crank slider mechanism includes a double-row tapered roller bearing, a shell, and a crank. The double-row tapered roller bearing is fitted outside an outermost permanent magnet yoke iron disk at the power output end, the shell is arranged outside the double-row tapered roller bearing, and the shell is connected to the crank; the shell is connected to a fixed sleeve through a spiral spring, the fixed sleeve is fitted onto an output shaft, and the fixed sleeve is connected to the output shaft by keys. Furthermore, all the conductor yoke iron disks are sequentially connected by I-beams. Furthermore, yoke teeth distributed in an array are machined in a circumferential direction on each of the conductor yoke iron disks, and sector-shaped grooves distributed in an array are opened in a circumferential direction on each of the annular conductors; and the sector-shaped grooves and the yoke teeth cooperate with each other. Furthermore, the conductors are ring-shaped, annular grooves corresponding to the conductors are opened on the conductor yoke iron disks, the conductors are embedded in the annular grooves of the conductor yoke iron disks, and the conductor yoke iron disks and the conductors are fixed by fasteners. Furthermore, the permanent magnets on the permanent magnet yoke iron disks are arranged in a single layer or in two layers in a radial direction. Furthermore, the permanent magnets in each layer are arranged with alternating N and S poles or arranged in a 90° Halbach array. Advantages of the present disclosure are: (1) In the present disclosure, based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, non-contact torque transmission is achieved between a driving disk and a driven disk, avoiding problems such as friction, wear, and vibration in a traditional transmission process, and reduces losses in the transmission process. Separation of a load and a motor is achieved, and functions such as light load starting, overload protection, and infinitely variable transmission of the motor are realized by adjusting an air gap length between the driving disk and the driven disk. (2) The magnetic coupler of the present disclosure adopts a multi-set multi-disk structure, which can be powered by a servo motor on an output end side to drive a crank slider mechanism and adopt a series of mechanical connections to achieve synchronous movement of a plurality of sets of permanent magnet rotors, so that air gaps between the plurality of sets of permanent magnet rotors and conductor rotors can be jointly adjusted, thereby achieving speed adjustment and high-power high-torque output of the magnetic coupler. (3) The magnetic coupler of the present disclosure adopts a multi-set multi-disk structure, which can effectively reduce the radial size, so that the magnetic coupler is suitable for occasions where there is a large axial size but a limited radial size. Therefore, permanent magnets with smaller radial sizes can be designed, so that the permanent magnets are suitable for processing and manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a principle diagram of speed adjustment. FIG. 3 is a diagram of working limit positions. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an I-beam outer frame. FIG. 5 is a diagram of a permanent magnet rotor and a conductor rotor. FIG. 6 is a diagram of double-layer permanent magnets arranged at intervals. FIG. 7 is a diagram of an aluminum retaining frame and a permanent magnet yoke iron disk of the double-layer permanent magnets arranged at intervals. FIG. 8 is a diagram of double-layer permanent magnets arranged in a 90° Halbach array. FIG. 9 is a diagram of an aluminum retaining frame and a permanent magnet yoke iron disk of the double-layer permanent magnets arranged in a 90° Halbach array. FIG. 10 is a diagram of double-layer permanent magnets adopting a fully distributed arrangement. FIG. 11 is a diagram of permanent magnets arranged at intervals. FIG. 12 is a diagram of permanent magnets arranged in a 90° Halbach array. FIG. 13 is a diagram of permanent magnets adopting a fully distributed arrangement. FIG. 14 is a diagram of a disk conductor rotor with grooves. FIG. 15 is a diagram of a solid disk conductor rotor. FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a gear-rack mechanism. FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a rocker slider mechanism. Reference numerals: 1. Input shaft; 2. Sleeve; 3. Shaft end cap; 4. Double headed stud; 5. First conductor yoke iron disk; 6. First conductor; 7. Hexagonal bolt; 8. Hexagonal nut; 9. Washer; 10.I-beam; 11. Second conductor; 12. Second conductor yoke iron disk; 13. Third conductor yoke iron disk; 14. Third conductor; 15. Fourth conductor; 16. Fourth conductor yoke iron disk; 17. Fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk; 18. Crank slider mechanism; 19. Shell; 20. Double-row tapered roller bearing; 21. Spiral spring; 22. Fixed sleeve; 23. Output shaft; 24. Second spline sleeve; 25. Fourth permanent magnet; 26. Second gear-rack mechanism; 27. Third permanent magnet yoke iron disk; 28. Third permanent magnet; 29. Rocker slider mechanism; 30. First spline sleeve; 31. Second permanent magnet; 32. Second permanent magnet yoke iron disk; 33. First gear-rack mechanism; 34. First permanent magnet yoke iron disk; 35. First permanent magnet; 36. Cross countersunk screw; 37. Cylindrical pin; 38. Hexagonal socket screw; 39. Retaining frame; 40. Hexagonal socket screw; 41. First support disc; 42. Rack; 43. Gear end cap; 44. Cross countersunk screw; 45. Connecting rod; 46. Gear; 47. Disc shell; 48. Cylindrical pin; 49. First rocker; 50. First support member; 51. Upper slider; 52. Second rocker; 53. Second support member; 54. Second support disc; 55. Fixed base; 56. Fixed block; 57. Support column; 58. Limit block; 59. Guide rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS In order to further clarify the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be illustrated in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. A multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler designed in this application is formed of a plurality of composite disks. In this embodiment, a magnetic coupler formed of two composite disks is described with reference to FIG. 1. The magnetic coupler shown in FIG. 1 is formed of a first composite disk, a second composite disk, and a speed adjustment device, where the two composite disks have the same structure. Each of the composite disks includes one conductor rotor set, one permanent magnet rotor set, a gear-rack mechanism, and a spline sleeve. There are two conductor yoke iron disks in one conductor rotor set, and each of the conductor yoke iron disks is provided with a conductor. There are two permanent magnet yoke iron disks in one permanent magnet rotor set, and each of the permanent magnet yoke iron disks is provided with a permanent magnet. The composite disk may also be classified into a driving unit and a driven unit. A power input end of the driving unit is in a power connection to an input shaft (1), and the driving unit is driven to move by the input shaft (1) and a motor connected to the input shaft (1). The driven unit starts to move due to electromagnetic induction between the driven unit and the driving unit. In the design of this application, both the conductor rotor set and the permanent magnet rotor set in the composite disk can serve as the driving unit and the driven unit. In other words, when the conductor rotor set serves as the driving unit, the permanent magnet rotor set serves as the driven unit. On the contrary, when the permanent magnet rotor set serves as the driving unit, the conductor rotor set serves as the driven unit. However, it should be noted that m the same magnetic coupler, the driving units must be unified, for example, all driving units are conductor rotor sets, or all driving units can only be permanent magnet rotor sets. As shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the conductor rotor set serves as the driving unit, and the permanent magnet rotor set serves as the driven unit. In this application, the first composite disk and the second composite disk have a total of four conductor yoke iron disks and conductors each arranged on a conductor yoke iron disk surface. The four conductor yoke iron disks are connected as a whole through I-beams 10 and connectors. The input shaft 1 is in power connections to the conductor yoke iron disks of the first composite disk. In this application, the first composite disk and the second composite disk have a total of four permanent magnet yoke iron disks and permanent magnets each arranged on a permanent magnet yoke iron disk surface. The four permanent magnet yoke iron disks are divided into two sets, and two permanent magnet yoke iron disks in the same set are fitted outside an output shaft 23 through a sleeve. The two permanent magnet yoke iron disks on the sleeve are movable in an axial direction. The two sets of permanent magnet yoke iron disks are connected by a rocker slider mechanism 29. Each of the sets of permanent magnet yoke iron disks is arranged between two adjacent conductor yoke iron disks, with the conductors on the conductor yoke iron disks arranged opposite to the permanent magnets on the permanent magnet yoke iron disks, and there are air gaps between adjacent conductors and permanent magnets. A right end of the permanent magnet rotor set is connected to a crank slider mechanism 18. The speed adjustment device includes the rocker slider mechanism 29 arranged between the first composite disk and the second composite disk, and the crank slider mechanism 18. More specifically, the connection method of the four conductor yoke iron disks is shown in FIG. 4. The four conductor yoke iron disks are a first conductor yoke iron disk 5, a second conductor yoke iron disk 12, a third conductor yoke iron disk 13, and a fourth conductor yoke iron disk 16. The four conductor yoke iron disks have the same structure, and through holes are opened in the middle of the conductor yoke iron disks. An I-beam 10 is arranged between adjacent conductor yoke iron disks. The first conductor yoke iron disk 5 is uniformly provided with two through holes every 90° in a circumferential direction of the disk. The I-beam 10 is provided with through holes at the four corners, and is connected to adjacent conductor yoke iron disks through hexagonal bolts 7, hexagonal nuts 8, and washers 9, thereby forming an outer frame. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, a left side of the leftmost conductor yoke iron disk is fixedly connected to a sleeve 2 through a double headed stud 4. The sleeve 2 is fitted outside the input shaft 1, and key transmission is used between the sleeve 2 and the input shaft 1. Axial positioning and fixation are carried out on both sides of the sleeve 2 using a shaft shoulder of the input shaft 1 and a shaft end cap 3. More specifically, referring to FIG. 14, the first conductor yoke iron disk 5 and a first conductor 6 are used as examples, and the other three conductor yoke iron disks adopt the same design. Sectorshaped grooves distributed in an array are opened in a circumferential direction on the annular first conductor 6, sector-shaped grooves distributed in an array are opened in a circumferential direction on the first conductor yoke iron disk 5, and the sector-shaped grooves cooperate with yoke teeth. More specifically, referring to FIG. 15, the first conductor yoke iron disk 5 and the first conductor 6 are used as examples, and the other three conductor yoke iron disks adopt the same design. The first conductor 6 is arranged as a circular ring, and an annular groove corresponding to the first conductor 6 is opened on the first conductor yoke iron disk 5. The first conductor 6 is directly embedded into the annular groove of the first conductor yoke iron disk 5, and the first conductor yoke iron disk 5 and the first conductor 6 are fixed using internal hexagonal screws 38. More specifically, the four permanent magnet yoke iron disks are a fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17, a third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27, a second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32, and a first permanent magnet yoke iron disk 34, respectively. Referring to FIG. 5, the permanent magnet yoke iron disk is formed of a ring-shaped part and a disk-shaped part. The diskshaped part is arranged on an outer surface of the ring-shaped part, and a permanent magnet is arranged on one side surface of the disk-shaped part. The ring-shaped part is fitted outside the spline sleeve. There is a gap between the ring-shaped part of the permanent magnet yoke iron disk and the conductor yoke iron disk. The spline sleeve is fitted outside the output shaft 23 and transmission between the two is realized by keys. An external spline is arranged outside the spline sleeve, and an internal spline is arranged inside the ring-shaped part of the permanent magnet yoke iron disk, thereby achieving the spline connection between the spline sleeve and the permanent magnet yoke iron disk. Therefore, the connection between the permanent magnet yoke iron disk and the spline sleeve in a radial direction can be achieved, while the permanent magnet yoke iron disk can move axially on the spline sleeve. In this application, two permanent magnet yoke iron disks form a set, as shown in FIG. 1. A first permanent magnet rotor set is formed of the first permanent magnet yoke iron disk 34 and the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32, and a second permanent magnet rotor set is formed of the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 and the fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17. The two permanent magnet yoke iron disks in the same permanent magnet rotor set are connected by a gear-rack mechanism. For example, in the first permanent magnet rotor set, the first permanent magnet yoke iron disk 34 and the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 are connected by a first gear-rack mechanism 33, while in the second permanent magnet rotor set, the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 and the fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17 are connected by a second gear-rack mechanism 26. Referring to FIG. 16, the gear-rack mechanism includes a first support disc 41, a rack 42, and a gear 46. The first support disc 41 is fitted onto the spline sleeve and connected to the spline sleeve by keys. A limit block 58 is arranged on an outer surface of the first support disc 41, two protrusions are arranged on the limit block 58, and the two protrusions are staggered in an axial direction. A guide rod 59 is arranged on each of the protrusions, and the guide rods 59 are arranged in the axial direction. Two racks 42 are arranged, one end of each of the racks 42 is fixedly connected to an adjacent permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and the other end of each of the racks 42 is provided with a circular channel. The guide rod 59 is inserted into the circular channel of the rack 42. The gear 46 is installed between the two racks 42, and the gear 46 meshes with the two racks 42 respectively for transmission. In this application, in order to limit the circumferential movement of the gear 46 and the racks 42, a disc shell 47 is fitted outside the first support disc 41, and the disc shell 47 is provided with a groove corresponding to the limit block 58. After the first support disc 41 and the disc shell 47 are assembled, the gear 46 and the racks 42 will be confined within the groove of the disc shell 47. More specifically, the gear 46 is fitted onto a connecting rod 45, and the connecting rod 45 is designed as a stepped shaft. One end of the connecting rod 45 with a larger diameter can restrict the movement of the gear 46. At the other end of the connecting rod 45, the gear 46 is fixed to the connecting rod 45 by using a gear end cap 43 and a cross countersunk screw 44. A positioning hole is opened on the limit block 58, and during installation, the gear end cap 43 falls into the positioning hole. More specifically, a through hole is opened in a radial direction at the groove of the disc shell 47. During installation, the disc shell 47 may be first fitted outside the first support disc 41, and the gear 42 on the connecting rod 45 may be installed onto the first support disc 41 through the through hole at the groove. More specifically, the limit block 58 and the first support disc 41 may be fixedly connected in a separate manner using fasteners, or they may be an integrated structure. In this application, the first permanent magnet rotor set is arranged between two conductor yoke iron disks, as shown m FIG. 2. The first composite disk is formed of the first conductor yoke iron disk 5, the first permanent magnet rotor set, and the second conductor yoke iron disk 12. The second composite disk is formed of the third conductor yoke iron disk 13, the second permanent magnet rotor set, and the fourth conductor yoke iron disk 16. In this application, the rocker slider mechanism 29 connecting the first permanent magnet rotor set and the second permanent magnet rotor set is shown in FIG. 17. A plurality of equidistant rocker slider mechanisms 29 may be arranged between the first permanent magnet rotor set and the second permanent magnet rotor set to connect more permanent magnet rotor sets. Only one rocker slider mechanism 29 is arranged in this application. The rocker slider mechanism 29 includes a slider, a rocker, and a connector. Specifically, the slider includes an upper slider 51 and a fixed base 55. The fixed base 55 is fixedly installed on a second support disc 54, the second support disc 54 is fitted onto the output shaft 23, and the second support disc 54 is connected to the output shaft 23 by keys. The fixed base 55 is provided with a support column 57, and the support column 57 is arranged in a radial direction of the second support disc 54. The upper slider 51 is fitted onto the support column 57 and is movable vertically along the support column 57. Two sides of the fixed base 55 facing the permanent magnet yoke iron disk are respectively hinged to one end of a first support member 50 and one end of a second support member 53. Two sides of the upper slider 51 facing the permanent magnet yoke iron disk are respectively hinged to one end of a first rocker 49 and one end of a second rocker 52. A sliding groove is provided on each of the first rocker 49 and the second rocker 52. The other end of the first support member 50 is inserted into the sliding groove of the first rocker 49 through a cylindrical pin, and the other end of the second support member 53 is inserted into the sliding groove of the second rocker 52 through a cylindrical pin. The other end of the first rocker 49 and the other end of the second rocker 52 are correspondingly hinged to the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 and the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27, respectively. In this application, fixed blocks 56 are fixedly installed on opposite side walls of the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 and the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27. The other end of the first rocker 49 and the other end of the second rocker 52 may be rotatably connected to the fixed blocks 56 on the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 and the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 respectively through cylindrical pins 48. In this application, the permanent magnets on the four permanent magnet yoke iron disks are installed and arranged in the same manner. According to actual occasions, the installation and arrangement manners of the permanent magnet yoke iron disks are as follows: (1) As shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the permanent magnets are divided into two layers in a radial direction. The permanent magnets are arranged at intervals with alternating N and S poles, and magnetization directions are opposite to each other in an axial direction. A retaining frame 39 is fixedly connected to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and the permanent magnets are installed in the retaining frame 39 at intervals. The retaining frame 39 is fixed to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk by an internal hexagonal screw 40. (2) As shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the permanent magnets are divided into two layers in a radial direction. The permanent magnets are arranged in a 90° Halbach array, and a magnetization direction in one cycle includes leftward, upward, rightward, and downward directions when unfolded in a circumferential direction. Two layers of aluminum retaining frames on inner and outer sides are fixedly connected to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk. The two layers of permanent magnets achieve installation in a fully distributed arrangement and radial fixation through the inner permanent magnet yoke iron disk and the outer two layers of aluminum retaining frames, respectively. (3) As shown in FIG. 10, the permanent magnets are divided into two layers in a radial direction. The permanent magnets adopt a fully distributed arrangement with alternating N and S poles, and magnetization directions are opposite to each other in an axial direction. Two layers of aluminum retaining frames on inner and outer sides are fixedly connected to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk. The two layers of permanent magnets achieve installation in a fully distributed arrangement and radial fixation through the inner permanent magnet yoke iron disk and the outer two layers of aluminum retaining frames, respectively. (4) As shown in FIG. 11, the permanent magnets are arranged at intervals with alternating N and S poles, and magnetization directions are opposite to each other in an axial direction. An aluminum retaining frame is fixedly connected to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and the permanent magnets are installed in the aluminum retaining frame at intervals. (5) As shown m FIG. 12, the permanent magnets are arranged in a 90° Halbach array, and a magnetization direction in one cycle includes leftward, upward, rightward, and downward directions when unfolded in a circumferential direction. The permanent magnets are tightly adhered to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and the permanent magnets are radially fixed by the permanent magnet yoke iron disk. (6) As shown in FIG. 13, the permanent magnets adopt a fully distributed arrangement with alternating N and S poles, and magnetization directions are opposite to each other in an axial direction. The permanent magnets are tightly adhered to the permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and the permanent magnets are radially fixed by the permanent magnet yoke iron disk. In this application, the crank slider mechanism 18 includes a double-row tapered roller bearing 20, a shell 19, and a crank. The double-row tapered roller bearing 20 is fitted outside a ring-shaped part of the rightmost fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17, and the shell 19 is arranged outside the double-row tapered roller bearing 20. A transition fit speed between the shell 19 and an outer ring of the double-row tapered roller bearing 20 is 0, and a transition fit speed between the fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17 and an inner ring of the double-row tapered roller bearing 20 is the same as the output speed. The shell 19 is connected to the crank. In addition, the shell 19 is connected to a fixed sleeve 22 through a spiral spring 21, and the fixed sleeve 22 is fitted onto the output shaft 23. The fixed sleeve 22 is connected to the output shaft 23 by keys. The fixed sleeve 22 is axially positioned and fixed on left and right sides with round nuts. The working principle of a multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler proposed by the present disclosure is as follows: Using two composite disks for illustration, when the crank slider mechanism 18 is located at the rightmost end and remains axially fixed, the input shaft 1 is driven by a power source to rotate. The input shaft 1 drives an outer frame formed of four conductor yoke iron disks, and simultaneously drives conductors on the conductor yoke iron disks to rotate synchronously. Each of the rotating conductors generates relative movement with the permanent magnet on the permanent magnet yoke iron disk opposite to each of the conductors. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, four sets of conductors and rotors generate induced currents. Induced magnetic fields generated by the induced currents interact with the permanent magnets to produce electromagnetic torques, which drive the four permanent magnet yoke iron disks to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the output shaft 23 to rotate synchronously. Speed adjustment principle: Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, when the crank slider mechanism 18 is located at the rightmost end, the crank slider mechanism 18 and the fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17 are driven to move axially to the left. The gear 46 on the second gear-rack mechanism 26 rotates the rack 42 to move, and at the same time, the rack 42 drives the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 to move axially to the right on a second spline sleeve 24. When the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 moves axially, a lower end of the second rocker 52 moves axially to the right, and the entire second rocker 52 rotates counterclockwise, thereby driving the upper slider 51 to move axially inward along the support column 57, while driving the first rocker 49 to rotate clockwise. A lower end of the rocker 49 drives the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 to move axially to the left on a first spline sleeve 30. When the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 moves axially, the gear on the first gear-rack mechanism 33 rotates the gear to move, and at the same time, the first permanent magnet yoke iron disk 34 is driven to move axially to the right on the first spline sleeve 30, so that the four sets of permanent magnet rotors move synchronously. The air gaps between the four sets of permanent magnet rotors and the conductor rotors change simultaneously, and the sets each generate an identical electromagnetic torque, thereby producing a speed adjustment effect. When the crank slider mechanism 18 is located at the leftmost end, the crank slider mechanism 18 and the fourth permanent magnet yoke iron disk 17 are driven to move axially to the right. The gear 46 on the second gear-rack mechanism 26 rotates the rack 42 to move, and at the same time, the rack 42 drives the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 to move axially to the left on the second spline sleeve 24. When the third permanent magnet yoke iron disk 27 moves axially, a lower end of the second rocker 52 moves axially to the left, and the entire second rocker 52 rotates clockwise, thereby driving the upper slider 51 to move axially outward along the support column 57, while driving the first rocker 49 to rotate counterclockwise. The lower end of the rocker 49 drives the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 to move axially to the right on the first spline sleeve 30. When the second permanent magnet yoke iron disk 32 moves axially, the gear on the first gear-rack mechanism 33 rotates the gear to move, and at the same time, the first permanent magnet yoke iron disk 34 is driven to move axially to the left on the first spline sleeve 30, so that the four sets of permanent magnet rotors move synchronously. The air gaps between the four sets of permanent magnet rotors and the conductor rotors change simultaneously, and the sets each generate an identical electromagnetic torque, thereby producing a speed adjustment effect. When the crank slider mechanism 18 is in any position in the middle, the crank slider mechanism is driven to move axially according to speed adjustment requirements. In the embodiments of this application, only two composite disks are used for illustration. Based on the design of this application, the power of the magnetic coupler can be increased by increasing the numbers of the rocker slider mechanisms 29 and the composite disks. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design ideas and characteristics of the present disclosure, and aim to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present disclosure and implement it accordingly. The scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the principles and design ideas disclosed in the present disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler, characterized by comprising:an input shaft (1);an output shaft (23), the output shaft (23) being arranged coaxially with the input shaft (1);multiple composite disks sequentially arranged on the output shaft (23), each of the composite disks comprising a conductor rotor set, a permanent magnet rotor set, a gear and rack mechanism, and a spline sleeve;the spline sleeve being fitted onto the output shaft (23) and connected by keys;the permanent magnet rotor set comprising two permanent magnet yoke iron disks arranged opposite to each other, and permanent magnets respectively arranged on two permanent magnet yoke iron disk surfaces;the conductor rotor set comprising two conductor yoke iron disks arranged opposite to each other, and conductors respectively arranged on two conductor yoke iron disk surfaces;wherein in the same composite disk, the conductor yoke iron disks are opposite to the permanent magnet yoke iron disks and the permanent magnets are opposite to the conductors one by one on the same side; and there are air gaps between the permanent magnets and the conductors;in the same composite disk, one of the conductor rotor set and the permanent magnet rotor set serves as a driving unit, and the other serves as a driven unit;a power input end of the driving unit is in a power connection to the input shaft (1); the yoke iron disks in the same driving unit and the yoke iron disks in adjacent driving units are fixedly connected; the driven unit is fitted outside the spline sleeve and is connected to the spline sleeve by a spline; the yoke iron disks in the same driven unit are connected by the gear and rack mechanism; and the adjacent driven units are connected by a rocker slider mechanism (29); anda crank slider mechanism (18) connected to a power output end of the driven unit.

2. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gear-rack mechanism comprises a first support disc (41), two racks (42), and a gear (46), wherein the first support disc (41) is fitted onto the spline sleeve and connected to the spline sleeve by keys; a limit block (58) is arranged on an outer surface of the first support disc (41), and two protrusions are arranged on the limit block (58), the two protrusions are staggered in the axial direction, a guide rod (59) is arranged on each of the two protrusions, and the guide rod (59) is arranged in the axial direction; one end of each of the two racks (42) is fixedly connected to an adjacent permanent magnet yoke iron disk, and an other end of each of the two racks (42) is provided with a circular channel; the guide rod (59) is inserted into the circular channel of each of the two racks (42); the gear (46) is installed between the two racks (42), and the gear (46) meshes with the two racks (42) respectively for transmission.

3. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 2, characterized in that a disc shell (47) is fitted outside the first support disc (41), and the disc shell (47) is provided with a groove opened corresponding to the limit block (58), and after the first support disc (41) and the disc shell (47) are assembled, the gear (46) and the two racks (42) are confined within the groove of the disc shell (47).

4. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the rocker slider mechanism (29) comprises an upper slider (51), a fixed base (55), and a plurality of rockers; the fixed base (55) is fixedly installed on a second support disc (54), the second support disc (54) is fitted onto an output shaft (23), and the second support disc (54) is connected to the output shaft (23) by keys; the fixed base (55) is provided with a support column (57), the support column (57) is arranged in a radial direction of the second support disc (54); the upper slider (51) is fitted onto the support column (57), and two sides of the fixed base (55) facing permanent magnet yoke iron disks are respectively hinged to one end of a first support member (50) and one end of a second support member (53); two sides of the upper slider (51) facing the permanent magnet yoke iron disks are respectively hinged to one end of a first rocker (49) and one end of asecond rocker (52), and a sliding groove is provided on each of the first rocker (49) and the second rocker (52); an other end of the first support member (50) is inserted into the sliding groove of the first rocker (49) through a cylindrical pin, and an other end of the second support member (53) is inserted into the sliding groove of the second rocker (52) through a cylindrical pin; an other end of the first rocker (49) and an other end of the second rocker (52) are respectively hinged to two adjacent permanent magnet yoke iron disks.

5. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the crank slider mechanism (18) comprises a double-row tapered roller bearing (20), a shell (19), and a crank, the double-row tapered roller bearing (20) is fitted outside an outermost permanent magnet yoke iron disk at the power output end, the shell (19) is arranged outside the double-row tapered roller bearing (20), and the shell (19) is connected to the crank; the shell (19) is connected to a fixed sleeve (22) through a spiral spring (21), the fixed sleeve (22) is fitted onto an output shaft (23), and the fixed sleeve (22) is connected to the output shaft (23) by keys.

6. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all the conductor yoke iron disks are sequentially connected by I-beams (10).

7. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that yoke teeth distributed in an array are machined in a circumferential direction on each of the conductor yoke iron disks, and sector-shaped grooves distributed in an array are opened in a circumferential direction on each of the annular conductors; the sector-shaped grooves and the yoke teeth cooperate with each other.

8. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that the conductors are ring-shaped, and annular grooves corresponding to the conductors are opened in the conductor yoke iron disks, the conductors are embedded in the annular grooves of the conductor yoke iron disks, and the conductor yoke iron disks and the conductors arefixed by fasteners.

9. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that the permanent magnets on the permanent magnet yoke iron disks are arranged in a single layer or two layers in a radial direction.

10. The multi-set multi-disk multi-air-gap linked adjustment type magnetic coupler according to claim 9, characterized in that the permanent magnets in each layer are arranged with alternating N and S poles or arranged in a 90° Halbach array.

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