TCI state activation and measurements in lower layer triggered mobility

Abstract

A first apparatus 110 configures, and performs L1 measurements for, one or more candidate cells 1, 2 & 3 based on a received a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration. Upon receiving an act

Description

FIELD OF DISCLOSURE

[0001] The following disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, in particular communication networks, in particular wireless communication networks. The disclosure may for example relate to apparatuses that can be used for handling of Transmission Configuration Indicator, TCI, States, such as the activation and related measurements, in Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, also referred to as L1 / L2 Triggered Mobility (LTM) is a mobility' procedure, which the network may configure based on L1 / L3 measurement reports it receives from (he user equipment (UE). LI measurements may be configured in an LTM candidate cell configuration for multiple LTM candidate cells. To reduce the LTM cell switch delay compared to the L3-based handover delay, early downlink (DL) synchronization based on tire TCI state activation for one or more LTM candidate cells has been introduced. The network may activate TCI states for candidate cells before the cell switch with separate MAC-CEs for each cell. When the target TCI state given the LTM cell switch command is activated before the cell switch and the UE has performed DL synchronization when receiving the TCI state activation MAC-CE, the UE is not given time to do the DL synchronization for the target TCI state during the cell switch. This makes the cell switch faster. Related to early TCI state activation, when TCI state(s) have been activated for one LTM candidate cell, LTM LI measurement requirements stop applying for other candidate cells. This in practice means that the UE is allowed to stop performing LI measurements according to LTM candidate cell configuration for the cells that do not have TCI state(s) on the active TCI state list, which means that respective TCI states become unknown after some time. When a TCI state is unknown, depending on the case (frequency range 1, FR1 or frequency range 2, FR2) the requirements for the TCI state activation delay or the cell switch either do not apply or the delay is longer than if the TCI state was known. SUMMARY OF SOME EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

[0003] In light of the above, certain embodiments may, at least partly, provide an improved LTM behavior so as to provide a more robust communication system. Certain embodiments may in particular improve the handling of TCI States (i.e. their activation and related measurements) in the context of Lower Layer Triggered Mobility’. More specifically, certain embodiments may enhance the TCI state activation-based measurements for multiple LTM candidate cells. Certain embodiments may in particular allow for an improved mobility when the UE is quickly switching between cells and in particular in case a mobility procedure is to be made towards cells different than the cell originally expected by the UE or the netw ork.

[0004] According to a first example aspect, there is disclosed a first method (e.g. performed by a first apparatus). The first method may comprise receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first method may comprise performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells. The first method may comprise receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The first method may comprise determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell (i.e. at least one of the one or more candidate cells) configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list (i.e. any one or more candidate cells which have an active TCI state in the active TCI state list) and on a time since the activation command.

[0005] According to the first example aspect, there is also disclosed a first apparatus. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first apparatus may comprise means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may comprise means for determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

[0006] According to the first example aspect, there is also disclosed a second method (e.g. performed by a second apparatus). The second method may comprise transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility’. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. second method may comprise transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second method may comprise receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

[0007] According to the first example aspect, there is also disclosed a second apparatus. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second apparatus may comprise means for receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

[0008] According to a second example aspect, there is disclosed an alternative first method (e.g. performed by a first apparatus). The first method may comprise receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first method may comprise performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements on the one or more candidate J cells. The first method may comprise receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The first method may comprise stopping, in response to the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, the at least one candidate cell being configured by the LTM configuration. The first method may comprise considering one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known for a predetermined time after stopping the measurements.

[0009] According to the second example aspect, there is disclosed an alternative first apparatus. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first apparatus may comprise means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements on the one or more candidate cells. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator. TCI. states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may comprise means for stopping, in response to the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, the at least one candidate cell being configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may comprise means for considering one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known for a predetermined time after stopping the measurements.

[0010] According to the second example aspect, there is also disclosed an alternative second method (e.g. performed by a second apparatus). The second method may comprise transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The second method may comprise transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second method may comprise receiving one or more reports on measurements on one or more candidate cells with TCI states in an active TCI state list. The second method may comprise considering, for a predetermined time after the activation command, one or more candidate TCI states for at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known.

[0011] According to the second example aspect, there is also disclosed an alternative second apparatus. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second apparatus may comprise means for receiving one or more reports on measurements on one or more candidate cells with TCI states in an active TCI state list. The second apparatus may comprise means for considering, for a predetermined time after the activation command, one or more candidate TCI states for at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known.

[0012] According to a third example aspect, there is disclosed a further alternative first method (e.g. performed by a first apparatus). The first method may comprise receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first method may comprise performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells. The first method may comprise receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration The first method may comprise receiving an indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell (i.e. at least one of the one or more candidate cells) with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration. The first method may comprise determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication.

[0013] According to the third example aspect, there is disclosed a further alternative first apparatus. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The first apparatus may comprise. The first apparatus may comprise means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may comprise means for receiving an indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may comprise means for determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication.

[0014] According to the third example aspect, there is also disclosed a further alternative second method (e.g. performed by a second apparatus). The second method may comprise transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The second method may comprise transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second method may comprise transmitting an indication whether to perform, after the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by tire LTM configuration.

[0015] According to the third example aspect, there is disclosed a further alternative second apparatus. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The second apparatus may comprise means for transmitting an indication whether to perform, after the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration.

[0016] The above first, second and third example aspects may also be combined. For instance, a first apparatus may detemiine a measurement configuration inter alia based on a time since the activation command (as described in the context of the first example aspect) and also based on an indication (as described in tire context of the third example aspect). Also, in combination with the first and / or second example aspect, a first device may consider candidate TCI states known for a predetermined time (as described in the context if the second example aspect). Likewise, the second apparatus may also perform combinations of these aspects.

[0017] Any of the disclosed apparatuses may in general be a stationary device or a mobile device.

[0018] An example of a first apparatus may in particular be a terminal device such as a user equipment, e.g. mobile device, such as a smartphone, a tablet, a wearable, a smartwatch, a low power device, an loT device, an IIoT device, a vehicle, a truck, a drone, an airplane, or the like. The first apparatus may in particular be capable of communicating with (transmitting and receiving signals and / or data to / from) a network or a network device, such as a base station of a communication network. An example first apparatus may at least be able to communicate with a terrestrial network.

[0019] An example of a second apparatus may in particular be a network entity, such as a wireless communication station installed at a fixed or mobile location and may in particular be or comprise an entity of the radio access network of the communication system. For instance, the second apparatus may be, comprise, or be part of a base station of a communication network of any generation (e.g. a gNB, eNodeB, NodeB, BTS or the like) of 3 GPP standard. However, the second apparatus may also be or serve as a relay station (such as a mobile relay satellite communicating with a fixed terrestrial base station, either of which may be considered a second apparatus according to the disclosure). Generally, the second apparatus may be or comprise a hardware or software component implementing a certain functionality. In an example, the second apparatus may be an entity as defined by 3GPP 5G or NR standard (also referred to as gNB). Accordingly, while the second apparatus may be understood to be implemented in or be a single device or module, the second apparatus may also be implemented across or comprise multiple devices or modules. Multiple second apparatus may in particular establish a communication system or network, which may in particular be a New Radio (NR) or 5G system (5GS) or part thereof or any other mobile communications system defined by a past or future standard, in particular successors of the present 3 GPP standards. A second apparatus of the second aspects may be capable of being in direct and / or indirect communication with an exemplary apparatus of the first aspects.

[0020] The means or functionality of any of the disclosed apparatuses can be implemented in hardware and / or software. They may comprise one or multiple modules or units providing the respective functionality. They may for instance comprise at least one processor for executing computer program code for performing the required functions, at least one memory storing the program code, or both. Alternatively, they could comprise for instance circuitry that is designed to implement the required functions, for instance implemented in a chipset or a chip, like an integrated circuit. In general, the means may comprise for instance one or more processing means or processors.

[0021] Thus, according to the respective exemplary aspects of the present disclosure, there is in each case also disclosed a respective apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause an apparatus at least to perform a method according to the respective aspect of the present disclosure.

[0022] Any of the above-disclosed exemplary' aspects may, however, in general be performed by an apparatus, which may be a module or a component for a device, for example a chip. The disclosed apparatus may comprise the disclosed components, for instance means, processor, memory, or may further comprise one or more additional components.

[0023] According to the exemplary aspects of the present disclosure, there is in each case also disclosed a computer program, the computer program when executed by a processor of an apparatus causing said apparatus to perform a method according to the respective aspect.

[0024] The computer program may in each case be stored on computer-readable storage medium, in particular a tangible and / or non-transitoiy medium. The computer readable storage medium could for example be a disk or a memory or the like. The computer program could be stored in the computer readable storage medium in the form of instructions encoding the computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be intended for taking part in tire operation of a device, like an internal or external memory, for instance a Read-Only Memory (ROM) or hard disk of a computer, or be intended for distribution of the program, like an optical disc.

[0025] The second apparatus may transmit and the first apparatus may receive an LTM configuration configuring one or more candidate cells (w hich may also be referred to as Transmission Reception Points, TRPs) for LI measurements for LTM. Lower Layer Triggered Mobility may in particular be understood as a Layer 1 and / or Layer 2 Triggered Mobility (L1 / L2 Triggered Mobility). Accordingly, the mobility decisions may be initiated based on measurements and conditions observed at the lower layers (such as layer 1 or layer 2). Such triggers for a mobility decision (such as a handover) may be based on a measured signal strength, signal quality', interference measure and / or signal to noise ratio in the source cell and / or the potential target cells, also referred to as the candidate cells or candidate target cells.

[0026] Accordingly, a candidate cell may in particular be a neighboring cell of the current source or serving cell. In some cases, current serving cells which are not a SpCell (primary cell) may also be configured as candidate cells. A candidate cell may be considered as a potential target cell for a handover procedure or cell reselection in the context of LTM. Thus, a candidate cell may be considered a cell which may shortly be able to provide better service.

[0027] The candidate cells for LTM may be selected based on measurements (e.g. based on L1 and / or L3 measurements) on neighboring cells of the first apparatus. The candidate cells may be configured by the LTM configuration. Accordingly, the LTM configuration may in particular indicate one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM. More generally, the LTM configuration may indicate, one or more candidate cells, one or more TCI states of respective candidate cells, one or more conditions (e.g. thresholds) and / or intervals for transmitting measurement reports, event types, time-to-trigger parameters, and / or mobility decision criteria.

[0028] Accordingly, based on the LTM configuration, the first apparatus may thus perform measurements (e.g. LI and / or L2 measurements) for the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the first apparatus may perform measurements on all candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, at least in case no TCI state is active. Such measurements may for instance comprise signal strength, signal quality, interference and / or signal to noise ratio measurements. The first apparatus may thus transmit and the second apparatus may receive corresponding measurement reports of the measurements performed by the first apparatus based on the LTM configuration.

[0029] The second apparatus may transmit and the first apparatus may receive an activation command for activating one or more TCI states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration. The activation command by transmitted and received on lower layers such as on a medium access control (MAC) layer More specifically, the activation command may be or may be comprised by a MAC control element (MAC-CE). The message comprising the activation command may generally comprise one or more TCI state IDs for identifying one or more TCI states for activation, and / or one or more respective cell IDs for identifying the associated one or more candidate cells.

[0030] In response to the activation command from the second apparatus, the first apparatus may activate the one or more TCI states indicated in the activation command. The TCI state may then be part of the active TCI state list. The first apparatus may thus continue to perform measurements on the cell for which the TCI state was activated.

[0031] The active TCI state list may generally be understood as a list of active or activated TCI states for the first apparatus. The TCI state list may comprise configurations that define how the first apparatus should receive downlink transmission or transmit uplink transmissions. For instance, the active TCI state list may indicate information related to the respective TCI state, such as information on reference signal(s) and quasi co-location properties (e.g., Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average delay, delay spread, spatial domain transmission / reception) that the first apparatus may acquire with the activation and may use it for transmissions and / or receptions associated with that TCI state later.

[0032] In the following examples which may in particular pertain to the first example aspect will be described. However, the examples may also pertain to the other example aspects.

[0033] As described above for the first example aspect, the first apparatus may determine a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration (i.e. at least one of the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration) based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may determine or be expected to measure candidate cells which are in an active TCI state list. A cell may be understood to be in an active TCI state list in case a TCI sate of that cell is in the list. For instance, the first apparatus may prioritize candidate cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list when allocating the available resources for cell measurements. For instance, the first apparatus may determine to measure certain candidate cells e.g. for a predefined time (e.g. for X ms) since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may determine to measure candidate cells configured for measurements and reporting irrespective of whether the candidate cell has a TCI state in the active TCI state list e.g. for a predefined time since the activation command. Thus, the first apparatus may determine to measure candidate cells (e.g. certain or all candidate cells) with no TCI state in the active TCI state list for a predefined time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may determine to perform measurements on a first set of one or more candidate cells configured for measurements and reporting by the LTM configuration for a certain time since the activation command (e.g. for the time being below a predetermined time) and determine to perform measurements on a second set of one or more candidate cells configured for measurements and reporting by the LTM configuration after the predetermined time (e.g. for the time being above the predetermined time).

[0034] Accordingly, the feature of “determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command” may be rephrased as “determining, based on a time since the activation command (or based on a timer), a measurement configuration for performing (or continuing or not stopping) measurements on at least one candidate cell comprising candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list” or “determining, based on a time since the activation command (or based on a timer), a measurement configuration for performing (or continuing or not stopping) measurements on at least one candidate cell comprising candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received”.

[0035] The time since the activation command may be understood to refer to the duration or time duration since the activation command. For instance, the time since the activation command may be understood to refer to the time since receiving the activation command, e.g. since receiving the corresponding MAC-CE. As will be explained in more detail below, the time may be compared with a predefined time, e.g. based on a timer.

[0036] Thus, according to the first example aspect, in case there is no activation command received for activating certain TCI state(s) for one or more of the other cells, a delay is effectively introduced (only) after which the first apparatus may stop the measurements on all or a subset of these other configured candidate cells. As will be explained in more detail below, the time and the cells for performing such additional measurements may be configured either via a received configuration or determined via certain conditions. Usually, if the network intends to activate a TCI state, for which the UE has stopped measurements, it may either not be possible to activate this TCI state or it may not be possible within a defined activation delay, as the first apparatus would need to first start measurements at the time of TCI state activation for the other candidate cell. In contrast, if the network intends to activate such TCI state(s) of one of the other candidate cells during the predefined time since the activation command, where the measurements are still continued, that the TCI sate is known and the first apparatus may activate the TCI state at the time of TCI state activation for the other candidate cell.

[0037] For example, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration (i.e. the at least one of the one or more candidate cells, which have been configured by the LTM configuration). For instance, the first apparatus may comprise means for transmitting reports related to the measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration. Thus, based on the time duration after the activation command, the first apparatus may in particular perform measurements (and report the same) on candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received and consequently on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list. Accordingly, the first apparatus may continue, even after receiving the activation command, to measure (and report) candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received and thus on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list.

[0038] The first apparatus may thus transmit measurement reports based on these measurements to the second apparatus. Thus, also after the activation command, the first apparatus may in particular continue to transmit measurement reports for cells other than the cell for which a TCI state activation command was received and / or for cells with no TCI state in the active TCI state list.

[0039] For example, the performing of measurements based on the determined measurement configuration may comprises performing measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. For instance, the first apparatus may perform measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list for a predetermined time after receiving the activation command, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0040] As described for the first example aspect, the second apparatus may receive (e.g. from the first apparatus) one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. The second apparatus may continue to receive, for a predefined time also after the having transmitted the activation command, measurement reports on candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was transmitted and / or on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list.

[0041] For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining one or more parameters for the adjustment of a transmit power. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprise determining one or more parameters for power sharing. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining one or more parameters in a measurement period configuration. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining a power offset parameter for sharing transmissions, such as a parameter Pli shmng.

[0042] For example, said determining of a measurement configuration based on the time since the activation command may comprise determining a measurement delay. A measurement delay may be understood to indicate a time for which the measurement on one or mor candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration may considered valid and continue after the activation command. For instance, determining of a measurement configuration based on the time since the activation command may comprise a comparison of the time compared to a predetermined time. The predetermined time may be defined in milliseconds or as a multiple of measurement instances, such as multiples of SSB periods, for instance. For instance, said determining of a measurement configuration based on the time since the activation command may comprise a determination that the time is less than a predetermined time. For instance, said determining of a measurement configuration based on the time since the activation command may comprise a detennination that the time is at least a predetermined time.

[0043] For instance, any of the described determinations based on the time since the activation command may be based on one or more timers. For instance, a detennination that the time is less than a predetermined time may correspond to a detennination that a timer set to the predetermined time is running or has not (yet) lapsed. For instance, a determination that the time is at least a predetermined time may correspond to a determination that a timer set to the predetermined time is not running or has lapsed.

[0044] For example, said performing measurements based on the determined measurement configuration may comprise stopping measurements on at least one candidate cell (e.g. all candidate cells) with no TCI states in an active TCI state list when the time after tire activation command is at least the predetermined time. For instance, when the time after the activation command is at least the predetermined time, the first apparatus may only perform measurements on cells with TCI state in active TCI state list. However, it is noted that when the first apparatus receives an activation command for a TCI state for one of the cells during this period, then measurement on that cell may not stop but may considered valid and may continue for that cell even after the predetermined time.

[0045] For instance, in case the time since the reception of the activation command is less than the predetermined time, a power sharing parameter (such as the parameter Pli sharing) may be set to a first value (e.g. based on the number of candidate cells configured for measurements). For instance, in case the time since the reception of the activation command is at least the predetermined time, the power sharing parameter (such as the parameter Pli shatmg) may be set to a second value (e.g. based on the number of candidate cells configured for measurements whose TCI states are in the active TCI state list).

[0046] For instance, the first apparatus may set a power sharing parameter such all cells with configured TCI states may be measured before receiving the activation command and also for the predefined time after receiving the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may set a power sharing parameter such all cells whose TCI states are in the active TCI state list may be measured after the predefined time after receiving the activation command.

[0047] For example, the predetermined time may be configured by the network, e.g. a network entity (e.g. the second apparatus). Accordingly, the second apparatus may transmit an indication of a predetermined time to be used for determining Ure measurement configuration. For instance, the predetermined time may be configured by at least one higher layer (such as via RRC signaling). For instance, the predetermined time may be configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the predetermined time may be configured by the activation command. In these cases, the first apparatus may for instance receive from the second apparatus a configuration indicating the value for the predetermined time. In another example, the predetermined time may be specified by a specification, such as a 3GPP specification, such as 3GPP TS38.133. As indicated above, the predefined time may in any of the cases be realized by a timer (e.g. a "rctainTinicr") set to the predetermined time.

[0048] In tire following, examples are given which cells may be associated with the predetermined time (e.g. the timer). For example, the predetermined time may be associated with all candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. Thus, the first apparatus may (at least) perform measurements on all cells configured by the LTM configuration for the predetermined time since the activation command. For instance, tire first apparatus may stop performing measurements after the predetermined time for all cells (e.g. except for cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list).

[0049] For instance, tire predetermined time may be associated with a subset of the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. Thus, the first apparatus may (at least) perform measurements on the subset of cells configured by the LTM configuration for the predetermined time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may stop performing measurements after the predetermined time for the subset of cells (e.g. except for cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list).

[0050] For instance, the predetermined time may be associated with one or more groups of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration Thus, the first apparatus may (at least) perform measurements on the cells of certain group(s) configured by the LTM configuration for the predetermined time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may stop performing measurements after the predetermined time for the respective group(s) of cells (e.g. except for cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list). For example, the candidate cells may be grouped according to a common property of the candidate cells. Thus, candidate cells with the same or a similar property may be grouped into the same group. For instance, the common property may be a collocation and / or a common frequency range of the candidate cells.

[0051] For instance, the predetermined time may be associated with a group comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received. Thus, the first apparatus may (at least) perform measurements on the cells of the group comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command was received for the predetermined time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may stop performing measurements after the predetermined time for this group (e.g. except for cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list). For instance, the first apparatus may stop performing measurements for any other group(s) immediately after receiving the activation command.

[0052] For instance, the predetermined time may be associated with one or more groups not comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received. Thus, the first apparatus may (at least) perform measurements on the cells of the group(s) not comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command was received for the predetermined time since the activation command. For instance, the first apparatus may stop performing measurements for these group(s) after the predetermined time. For instance, the first apparatus may continue to perform measurement on candidate cells in the group comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command was received even after the predetermined time.

[0053] As indicated above, in each of the cases the predefined time may be realized by a timer associated with the respective cells or groups of cells.

[0054] For example, the first apparatus may comprise means for determining the at least one candidate cell configured by tire LTM configuration (or groups of such candidate cells) to be associated with the predetermined time based on one or more predefined criteria. In the following, examples are given of how the cells to be associated with the predetermined time may be determined either by the first but also the second apparatus.

[0055] An example criterion may pertain to measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on cells reported as top cells in one or more of the recent measurement reports, for instance in the recent M measurement reports or reported in the last Z1 ms. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on cells reported as cells with one or more top reference signals in one or more of tire recent measurement reports, for the top reference signals in the recent N measurement reports or reported in the last Z2 ms. An example criterion may pertain to PRACH transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on whether or not (e.g. PDCCH ordered) PRACH transmissions was performed in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, for instance in last Z4 ms. An example criterion may pertain to TCI state deactivations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on cells configured for measurement and reporting and for which no TCI state deactivation command was received, for instance in the last Z3 ms. An example criterion may pertain to UE-based TA estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on whether a cell is configured for UE-based TA estimation. An example criterion may pertain to early ASN. 1 decoding or / and compliance check operations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of the at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on cells for which early ASN. 1 decoding or / and compliance check for the associated RRC configuration is configured or has been performed, for instance in the last Z4 ms. An example criterion may pertain to a common frequency range of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. For instance, the determining of at least one candidate cell to be associated with the predetermined time may be based on cells on the same frequency range as the candidate cell for which activation command for one or more TCI states was received.

[0056] For instance, the second apparatus may transmit information indicating at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with the predetermined time for determining the measurement configuration. The second apparatus may apply one or more of the above discussed criteria for determining at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with the predetermined time and then transmit a corresponding indication to the first apparatus.

[0057] In the following examples which may in particular pertain to the second example aspect will be described. However, the examples may also pertain to the other example aspects.

[0058] As described above, the first apparatus may alternatively or additionally comprise means for stopping, in response to tire activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, the at least one candidate cell being configured by the LTM configuration. The first apparatus may, however, continue, performing measurements on candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration and having at least one TCI state in the active TCI state list.

[0059] However, even though the measurements may be stopped, tire one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list may nevertheless be considered known for a predetermined time e.g. after receiving tire activation command or after stopping the measurements. Thus, a TCI state of candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration and different from the candidate cell for which the activation command for the one or more TCI states was received may still be considered known. When a TCI state is known, the TCI state delay may be well-defined and the TCI state may directly be activated e.g. by an activation command or by a cell switch command. A known TCI state may be considered a prerequisite for an LTM cell switch procedure.

[0060] Accordingly, tire second apparatus may not receive measurement reports anymore for the cells on which the measurements were stopped. Nevertheless, also the second apparatus may consider, e.g. fora predetermined time after the activation command, one or more candidate TCI states for at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known.

[0061] Similar to the above examples for the first example aspect, the first and / or second apparatus may determine whether a candidate TCI state is to be considered known based on a comparison of a time or (time) duration since stopping the measurements compared to the predetermined time. The predetermined time may be defined in milliseconds or as a multiple of measurement instances, such as multiples of SSB periods, for instance. For example, it may be determined whether the time is less or more than a predetermined time. For instance, for considering a candidate TCI state known, it may be determined that the first apparatus lias not stopped measurements on the candidate cell of the candidate TCI state more than the predetermined time (e.g. Y ms) ago. For instance, for considering a candidate TCI state unknown, it may be determined that the first apparatus has stopped measurements on the candidate cell of the candidate TCI state more than the predetermined time (e.g. Y ms) ago.

[0062] Thus, according to the second example aspect, if the first apparatus was allowed to stop measuring a certain cell based on a TCI state activation command for another cell, a delay is effectively introduced within which the TCI state for the candidate cell is still considered known. When the TCI state is considered known, TCI state activation and cell switch delay requirements remain applicable and the delay may be shorter.

[0063] For example, the first apparatus may determine the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell which shall be considered known. Alternatively, the first apparatus may receive an indication (e.g. from the second apparatus) which candidate TCI states of which cells may be considered known even though the measurements have been stopped. In an example, the first and / or second apparatus may consider all candidate TCI states of all candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration known for the predetermined time.

[0064] For example, the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell are considered known for the predetermined time based on a timer. For instance, the determination whether a candidate TCI state is to be considered known may be based on one or more timers. For instance, a determination that a time is more (or less) than a predetermined time may correspond to a determination that a timer set to the predetermined time has (or has not) lapsed.

[0065] For example, the timer is triggered based on tire receiving of the activation command. In another example, the timer may be triggered based on the last performed measurement for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list for which the measurements were stopped. In another example, the timer may be triggered based on the last transmission of the measurement report for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, for which the measurements where stopped.

[0066] For example, the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list are considered known as long as one or more further conditions for considering a candidate TCI state known are met.

[0067] The one or more further conditions for considering a candidate TCI state known may comprise one or more of the following conditions. An example condition may be that an activation command for activating the candidate TCI state is received within a predefined period (such as 1280 ms) upon the last transmission for reporting or measurement of a reference signal QCLed to the candidate TCI state. An example condition may be that the first apparatus lias sent at least one valid measurement report (e.g. Ll-RSRP) for the candidate TCI state before an activation command for the candidate TCI state is received. An example condition may be that the candidate TCI state remains detectable during the (e.g. downlink) TCI state activation period. An example condition may be that a synchronization signal block, SSB, associated with the candidate TCI state remain detectable during the (e.g. downlink) TCI state activation period. An example condition may be that the signal to noise ratio, SNR, of the candidate (e.g. downlink) TCI state is above a predefined threshold (e.g. <-3dB).

[0068] For example, tire first apparatus may receive, during the predetermined time, a cell switch command or a further activation command for activating a TCI state for a candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, but considered known. The first apparatus may determine whether it has not stopped measurements (e g. LI measurements) on the candidate cell of the TCI state, for which this further activation command was received, more than the predetermined time before receiving the cell switch command or the further activation command, due to receiving the precious activation command for the other candidate cell. If this condition is fulfilled, the TCI state may be considered known. In response thereto, the first apparatus may directly activate the TCI state, for which the cell switch command or the further activation command, respectively, was received. Since the TCI state is considered known, the TCI state may be activated as if measurements had been performed for that candidate cell during the predetermined time.

[0069] For example, the first apparatus may consider, at least after the predetermined time, the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, which was considered known, unknow n. After the predetermined time, the first apparatus has stopped measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI state in the active TCI state list more than the predetermined time before receiving any further activation command, so that the candidate TCI may be considered unknown.

[0070] In the following examples which may in particular pertain to the third example aspect will be described. However, the examples may also pertain to the other example aspects.

[0071] As described above, the first apparatus may additionally or alternatively receive an indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. Accordingly, the second apparatus may transmit an indication whether to perform, after the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. The first apparatus may determine a measurement configuration for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication.

[0072] As described with respect to the first aspect, the first apparatus may thus determine to measure candidate cells (e.g. certain or all candidate cells) with no TCI state in the active TCI state list after the activation command. Accordingly, the feature of “determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on the at least candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on tire indication” may be rephrased as “determining, based on the indication, a measurement configuration for performing (or continuing or not stopping) measurements on the at least one candidate cell comprising candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list” or “determining, based on the indication, a measurement configuration for performing (or continuing or not stopping) measurements on the at least one candidate cell comprising candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received”.

[0073] Thus, according to the third example aspect, an indication (e.g. in the TCI state activation, such as a MAC-CE, or in the LTM configuration) can be introduced to signal to the first apparatus whether the first apparatus shall continue measurements on all or some of the candidate cells other than the one the TCI state activation command considers. This may be advantageous, as the network may still consider other cells as a potential candidate for a cell switch and is potentially planning to activate TCI state(s) for such other cells with a separate activation command, as well (e.g. because the network knows that the TRPs are collocated, or the delay characteristics are favorable).

[0074] For example, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration. Thus, due to the indication, the first apparatus may in particular perform measurements on candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received and consequently on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list. Accordingly, tire first apparatus may continue, even after receiving the activation command, to measure candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was received and thus on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list.

[0075] The first apparatus may thus transmit measurement reports based on these measurements to the second apparatus. Thus, also after the activation command, the first apparatus may in particular continue transmitting measurement reports for cells other than the cell for which a TCI state activation command was received and / or for cells with no TCI state in the active TCI state list.

[0076] For example, the performing of measurements based on tire determined measurement configuration may comprises performing measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. For instance, the first apparatus may perform measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list after receiving the activation command if indicated by the indication, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0077] As described for the first example aspect, the second apparatus may receive (e.g. from tire first apparatus) one or more reports on measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication. The second apparatus may continue to receive, after the having transmitted the activation command if so indicated by the indication, measurement reports on candidate cells other than the candidate cell for which the activation of one or more TCI states was transmitted and / or on candidate cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list.

[0078] For example, as already discussed with respect to tire first example aspect, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining one or more parameters for the adjustment of a transmit power. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprise determining one or more parameters for power sharing. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining one or more parameters in a measurement period configuration. For example, the determining of a measurement configuration may comprises determining a power offset parameter for sharing transmissions, such as the parameter Pli sharmg.

[0079] For example, the indication may be received at the first apparatus from the network (e.g. from the second apparatus). For instance, the indication may be transmitted and received by higher layers (such as via RRC signaling). For instance, the indication may be transmitted and received as part of the LTM configuration (e.g. a “retainConfig”). For instance, the indication may be transmitted and received as part of the activation command. For example, the indication may be received by the first apparatus as part the LTM configuration, wherein the activation command may comprise a further indication whether to consider the indication in the LTM configuration.

[0080] For example, the indication may be provided by a joint indictor for some or all of the at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list. For example, the indication may be provided by individual indicators for some or each of the at least one candidate cells with no TCI state in the active TCI state list.

[0081] For example, the indication may be provided by individual indicators for each of one or more groups of the candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. The groups may be determined as disclosed with respect to the first example aspect. For example, the candidate cells may be grouped according to a common property of the candidate cells. Thus, candidate cells with the same or a similar property may be grouped into tire same group. For instance, die common property may be a collocation and / or a common frequency range of the candidate cells. For instance, one indicator may be associated with a group comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received. For instance, one indicator may be associated with a group not comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received.

[0082] In either of the mentioned cases, the indication may comprise a one or multiple one-bit indicators. For instance, a one-bit indicator may indicate to stop or to not stop / continue measurements on the at least one cell associated with the respective indicator. For instance, a bit set to “1” may indicate to perform (i.e. to not stop or continue) measurements on the associated cell(s) and a “0” may indicate to stop measurements on the associated cell(s), or vice versa.

[0083] Thus, in one example, the second apparatus may need to actively indicate to the first apparatus whether to stop any of the measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. In another example, the indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, may only be valid for a predetermined time, so that the first apparatus may stop measurements on (e.g. individual or all) candidate cells with no TCI states in an active TCI state list after the predetermined time. Such a predetermined time may be implemented as described for the first example aspect. That is, the predetermined time may either be defined by specifications or signaled to the first apparatus, e.g. via higher layer (e.g. the LTM configuration) or via the activation command. Accordingly, the first apparatus may employ one or more timers (e.g. triggered by tire activation command) and after the expiry of a respective timer, the first apparatus may stop measurements on an any associated cell.

[0084] For example, tire indication may indicate one or more predefined criteria for determining the measurement configuration. For instance, based on the criteria, the first apparatus may determine which cells to be associated with an indicator. For example, the same criteria as discussed in the context of the first example aspect may be applied. Thus, the one or more criteria may pertain to one or more of the following: measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, one or more physical random access channel, PRACH, transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, one or more user equipment-based, UE-based, timing advance, TA, estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, one or more TCI state deactivations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configmation, early ASN. 1 decoding or / and compliance check operations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration, a common frequency range of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration.

[0085] Alternatively, the second apparatus may determine the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, for which to perform measurements after the activation command. The determining of such at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, for which to perform measurements after the activation command, may also be based on one or more predefined criteria, as discussed above and with respect to the first aspect.

[0086] Thus, the indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list may either indicate directly the one or more cells s) or group(s) of cells to the first apparatus or the indication may indicate the criteria to apply by the first apparatus and thereby indirectly indicate to the first apparatus the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration with no TCI states in an active TCI state list on which to perform measurements, after receiving the activation command.

[0087] It is to be understood that the presentation of the embodiments disclosed herein is merely by way of examples and non-limiting.

[0088] Herein, the disclosure of a method step shall also be considered as a disclosure of means for performing tlie respective method step. Likewise, the disclosure of means for performing a method step shall also be considered as a disclosure of the method step itself.

[0089] Other features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings are designed solely for purposes of illustration and not as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure, for which reference should be made to the appended claims. It should be further understood that the drawings are not drawn to scale and that they are merely intended to conceptually illustrate the structures and procedures described herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0090] The drawings are: Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram illustrating an example radio environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed; Fig. 2 shows a signaling diagram illustrating a TCI state activation resulting in an unknown TCI state; Fig. 3a shows a signaling diagram of an example embodiment of the present disclosure; Fig. 3b shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 3a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 3c shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 3a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 4a shows another signaling diagram of an example embodiment of the present disclosure; Fig. 4b shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 4a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 4c shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 4a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 5a shows another signaling diagram of an example embodiment of the present disclosure; Fig. 5b shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 5a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 5c shows a flow chart of the example embodiment of Fig. 5a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure; Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a first apparatus according to the present disclosure; Fig. 7 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a second apparatus according to the present disclosure; and Fig. 8 shows a schematic illustration of examples of tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage media. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EXAMPLES

[0091] The following description serves to deepen the understanding of the present disclosure and shall be understood to complement and be read together with the description of example embodiments of the present disclosure as provided in the above SUMMARY section.

[0092] In the following an, an example communication system, in which the present disclosure may be applied, is described. While the specific radio system in the examples below is a 5G system, this is only to be considered a non-limiting example.

[0093] Fig. 1 shows a 5G communication network, which employs the New Radio technology' and also an architecture for which the different sublayers of the RAN may be split into two logical entities in a communication network control element (like a BS or gNB), which are referred to as distributed unit (DU) and central unit (CU). For example, the CU is a logical node that controls the operation of one or more DUs over a front-haul interface (referred to as Fl interface). The DU is a logical node including a subset of the gNB functions, depending on the functional split option. However, also other architectures for the base stations are possible, as well.

[0094] As shown in Fig. 1, a user equipment (UE) 110, as an example of a first apparatus of the different exemplary aspects of the present disclosure, is comiected to a cell 1 of a network entity or base station, in tins case a gNB 120 via a communication beam of the cell 1. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the gNB 320 is provided with a CU 123 and two DUs 121 and 122 being connected to the CU 123 by an Fl interface. Furthermore, as shown in the example of Fig. 1, there is a plurality of further cells to which the first UE 110 can connect. In each cell, a plurality of UEs may be present and connected to the respective cell. Similarly to cell 1, cells 2 and 3 are controlled by respective gNBs 125 and 126 and each gNB provides a plurality of beams 1 to 3, which may be used for beam diversity or beam hopping. Generally, a gNB may also support more than one cell. In the situation shown in Fig. 1, the UE 110 may be comiected to beam 2 of cell 1 (which may be considered the serving or source cell or source TRP). It is noted that, in the following, the terms cell and (t)TRP may be used interchangeably. Depending on the measurements of the UE 110, cells 2 and 3 may be configured as neighboring or candidate cells. The network (e.g., the gNB) may activate certain TCI states (such as certain beams of a cell) via activation commands. The UE 110 may then, assuming that certain conditions are met, perform a cell switch to one of the other cells or beams (which may be referred to as target cells or target TRPs, tTRPs). The mobility procedures may in particular be Lower Layer (or L1 / L2) Triggered Mobility (LTM) procedure, as will be explained in more detail below. As shown in Fig. 1, each base station or gNB of the cells is comiected to a core network, such as a 5GC, via respective interfaces, indicated as NG interfaces. Furthermore, each gNB of the cells is connected with each other by means of a specific interface, which is referred to e.g. as an Xn-C interface. Any of these network entities, such as the gNB, gNB-DU, gNB-CU and / or 5GC, may individually or together be an example of a second apparatus or a part thereof according to any of the exemplary aspects of the present disclosure. These network entities may in the following also simply referred to as network. It is again noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary system architecture shown in Fig. 1 but can also be applied in other system architectures.

[0095] For Lower Layer (L1 / L2) Triggered Mobility, the UE may initially receive an RRC (re)configuration including an LTM configuration, which typically configures the UE to measure and report reference signals (RS) from one or more candidate cells. Such measurements are used by the netw ork (e.g. the source or serving cell) to determine cells or beams (having or being represented by specific TCI states) for early downlink (via TCI activation), uplink synchronization (via PDCCH ordered RACH transmission), and / or cell switch.

[0096] In Release 18 LTM, when the network activates one or more TCI states for a LTM candidate cell, the UE is allowed to stop LI measurements on other LTM candidate cells (i.e., candidate cells without any active TCI state) according to TS 38.133 sections 9.14 and 9.15.

[0097] According to the TCI state activation mechanism in Release 18 LTM, the MAC-CE design is based on a single MAC-CE. With this one MAC-CE, the network can only activate TCI state(s) for a single candidate cell. This results in that, after the first TCI state activation MAC-CE for the first candidate cell, the UE stops LI measurements on other configured candidate cells.

[0098] With this design, if the network would like to activate TCI state(s) for more candidate cells, trigger early RACH, or send a cell switch command to some of these cells, the UE would not have recent LI measurement results for these cells, if the UE stopped LI measurements on these cells based on TCI state activation on one of the candidate cells. This is problematic as it means that the TCI states for these candidate cells may be considered unknown and requirement applicability and the related delays are unclear.

[0099] Moreover, this means that when TCI state is activated for one cell, only this cell is considered a potential LTM candidate for cell switch after TCI state activation in practice. If the network would decide to not pursue a cell switch to this cell, there is no alternative cell for which the UE would have performed LI measurements and which the network could use as the target cell for LTM cell switch. This is acceptable and even beneficial in a situation in which the network is planning to configure the cell switch soon after the TCI state activation, as the UE is not required to consume its resources to measure other cells anymore. However, if the network would like to keep considering also other cells for a potential cell switch, and hence activate TCI states for more than one candidate cell, the stopping of the measurements on the other cells complicates the procedure.

[0100] This procedure is illustrated in signaling chart 200 of Figure 2 showing a signaling diagram illustrating a TCI state activation resulting in an unknown TCI state. The UE and the network (i.e. the source cell or source TRP, sTRP) first perform an LTM configuration and measurement procedure, action 201. Based on L3 measurement reports from the UE, action 202, the network (e.g., sTRP) provides an LTM candidate cell configuration (in this case configuring a TCI state TCI-1 for tTRPl and a TCI state TCI-2 for tTRP2), action 203. The LTM candidate cell configuration also contains the configuration of measurements and reporting UE needs to perform. The UE then performs LI measurements on the configured candidate cells and transmits corresponding measurement reports to the network, action 204.

[0101] The UE and the network then perform an LTM candidate cell TCI state activation procedure, action 205. For this, the network first activates the TCI state for tTRPl by transmitting a TCI activation command in a MAC-CE, action 206. In response, the UE stops LI measurements on tTRP2, action 207. For TRP1, the UE could perform an early TA acquisition procedure, action 210. During the early TA acquisition procedure, the network (e.g., sTRP) transmits a PDCCH order for tTRPl to the UE, action 211. And then the UE transmits a RACH preamble to tTRPl, action 212. The UE could then perform an LTM cell switch procedure, action 213. During the LTM cell switch procedure, the sTRP transmits an LTM cell switch command indicating tTRPl with TCI-1, action 214 and a RACH-based or RACH-less cell switch to tTRPl, action 215. However, when the network considers also activating another TCI state after action 207, it sends a MAC-CE message to the UE to activate the TCI state for tTRP2, action 208. However, the UE is no longer performing LI measurements on this cell (i.e., for tTRP2) and hence the TCI state is unknown, as indicated by action 209. Depending on whether the cell is an FR1 or FR2 cell, TCI state activation delay requirements may not apply or the delay may be very long and / or undefined. Thus, a cell switch with early TA acquisition as for tTRPl, as illustrated in Fig. 2, would not be possible in the same way for TRP2.

[0102] To enhance the TCI state activation-based measurements for multiple LTM candidate cells, when the network sends a TCI state activation command for an LTM candidate cell, the following options are proposed and will be discussed in more detail below with reference to the figures.

[0103] According to one option, a delay may be introduced, after which the UE can stop LI measurements on all or a subset of the other configured candidate cells in case there is no MAC-CE to activate TCI state(s) for one or more of these other cells, where the timer and cells the UE can stop measuring is based on configuration. Alternatively, a delay may be introduced, after which the UE can stop measuring a subset of configured candidate cells (i.e. cells configured for LI measurements and reporting) in case drere is no MAC-CE to activate TCI state(s) for one or more of these other cells where the subset of candidate cells is determined based on one or more conditions. This option may be an example for the first example aspect and will be explained in more detail below with reference to Figs. 3a-3c.

[0104] According to another (alternative or additional) option, a delay may be introduced within which the TCI state for a candidate cell is still considered known even if the UE was allowed to stop measuring this cell based on TCI state activation command for another cell. This option may be an example for the second example aspect and will be described in more detail with reference to Figs. 4a-4c.

[0105] According to another (alternative or additional) option, an indication in the TCI state activation MAC-CE may be introduced to tell whether the UE shall continue L I measurements on all or some of other candidate cells than the one the TCI state activation command considers or to tell the UE that LI measurements on some or all of the candidate cells shall not be stopped at TCI state activation for any of the candidate cells. This option may be an example for tire third example aspect and will be described in more detail with reference to Figs. 5a-5c.

[0106] An example embodiment of tire first example aspect will now be discussed in more detail in the context of Fig. 3a-3c, in which Fig. 3a shows a signaling diagram 300a of an example embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 3b shows a flow chart 300b of the example embodiment of Fig. 3a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure and Fig. 3c shows a flow chart 300c of the example embodiment of Fig. 3a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure.

[0107] As already discussed with respect to Fig. 2, an LTM configuration and measurement procedure is performed, action 301. The UE may first perform L3 measurements and transmit respective reports to the network, i.e. to the sTRP or serving cell, action 302. The network will transmit a LTM candidate cell configuration to the UE, action 303, configuring one or more candidate cells for L1 measurements for LTM. This configuration may in one example comprise a measurement retain configuration, which may configure a predefined time (in this case via a timer) to be used for determining a measurement configuration and for performing measurements as will be explained further below. However, the measurement retain configuration may also be transmitted via other signaling to the UE. As a further alternative, the predefined time may also be specified as a requirement in the standardization (such as in 3GPP TS 38.133). In one example, the predefined time or timer value may be defined in ms (e.g. X ms) or it may be defined as measurement instances e.g. as X> 1 SSB periods.

[0108] In the example of Fig. 3a, it is assumed tliat the predefined time or timer applies to all configured candidate cells. Thus, before action 306 of Fig. 3a, the UE is performing LI measurements for all candidate cells tTRPl and tTRP2 according to LTM measurement configuration. Thus, based on the LTM configuration, the UE may then perform LI measurements for the one or more candidate cells and transmit LI measurement reports to the network respectively, action 304.

[0109] Then, an LTM candidate cell TCI state activation procedure, action 305. is performed. The network (e.g., sTRP) transmits an activation command (i.e. a LTM TCI activation MAC-CE) for tTRPl to the UE, action 306 (in the example of Fig. 3a for the TCI state TCI-1 of tTRPl). While according to current RAN4 requirements, the UE may now be allowed to stop LI measurements on tTRP2. In contrast, according to one option of the present disclosure, at TCI state activation, action 306, the UE may now determine a measurement configuration based on the TCI states in the active TCI state list and based on the time since receiving the activation command, action 307a. For instance, the UE may initiate a timer triggered by the reception of the MAC-CE and may wait and / or retain the measurement behavior associated with tTRP2 for X ms until it stops 1TRP2 measurements. In other words, the UE may continue L1 measurements on tTRP2 for X ms after the MAC-CE, action 307b. Accordingly, the UE may also transmit corresponding measurement reports to the network, which consider such additional cells tTRP2, so tliat the measurement reports not only pertain to cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list, but also pertain to other cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, action 308.

[0110] If the network intends to activate TCI state(s) also for tTRP2, and it does it during the X ms, the TCI state is known and the UE can activate the TCI state at the time of TCI state activation for tTRP2. In other words, the UE is required to retain the tTRP2 measurements until the expiration of the timer of X ms. This may mean that UE performs at least one measurement during this time, or that the measurements are valid based on the time duration of the last measurement.

[0111] If timer X expires and there is no TCI state activation MAC-CE for tTRP2 before this, the UE may be allowed to stop LI measurements on ITRP2.

[0112] In one example, the timer as configured in action 303, may be associated with all or a subset of the candidate cells. In one embodiment, the timer may be associated with one or more group(s) of candidate cells. For example, if the UE is configured with candidate cells such as, cell!, cell2, cell3 and cell4, the cells may be grouped in two groups e.g. based on collocation or frequency range. For instance, a first group may comprise cell 1 and cell2, while a second group may comprise cell3 and cell4. As discussed above, at TCI state activation, action 306. the UE may determine a measurement configuration based on the TCI states in the active TCI state list and based on the time since receiving the activation command, action 370a. The UE may then continue LI measurements for the cells within the group the TCI state activation considers for the duration of the timer and may stop measuring cells in the other group immediately, action 307b. In an alternative embodiment, the timer may apply for the other group (not comprising the cell with the activated TCI state), while the UE shall not stop measuring the cells in the same group (i.e. the cell with the activated TCI state) at TCI state activation even after the timer expires.

[0113] In one example, the timer may be defined directly in the specification (e.g., technical standard documents of 3 GPP) as a requirement. The number of cells to measure may in particular need to be considered for parameters for power sharing (such as the parameter Pli sharing). In the following an example of how the timer may be defined in the specification, such as TS 38.133, section 9.14 is given. Pu^haring is defined as When number of neighboring cells to be measured is 1 PiAsharmg = 2, if any symbol of the SSBs from serving cell and neighbor cell are overlapping or adjacent (in time domain) Pusharmg = 1, Otherwise When number of neighboring cells to be measured is more than 1 When none of TCI state(s) of the intra-frequency neighbor cells or interfrequencyneighbor cells -without gap are in the active TCI state list, or the time since the UE received MAC-CE to activate TCI state(s) for the first candidate cell is less than X ms Pli sharing = 3 *NNeighbor_Cell, where NNeighbor Cell is the number of neighbor cells to measure on intra-frequency and inter-frequency without gap Otherwise PLI sharing = 3 ^NNeighborjCelljnJist, where XNeighbor_CellJnJist IS the number of neigbour cells (including intra-frequency neighbour cell(s) and inter-frequency neighbor cell(s) without gap) whose TCI state(s) are in the active TCI state list and the time since receiving the MAC-CE to activate the TCI state(s) for each candidate cell is at least X ms. No requirements are defined for any other neighbor cell(s) whose TCI state(s) is not in the active TCI state list._

[0114] According to the above, Pli sharing is set to 3*NNeighbor ceil not only when none of TCI state(s) of the intra-frequency neighbor cells or inter-frequency neighbor cells without gap are in the active TCI state list tire but also when the time since the UE received MAC-CE to activate TCI state(s) for the first candidate cell is less than X ms. PL I sharing is set to 3*NNeighbor ceii m hst when the time since receiving the MAC-CE to activate the TCI state(s) for each candidate cell is at least X ms.

[0115] In one example, the timer may be defined by using a retainTimer configured by higher layers. Accordingly, the above passage of TS 38.133, section 9.14, could thus be phrased as follows. PLi shca-ing is defined as When number of neighboring cells to be measured is 1 PLi_sharing = 2, if any symbol of the SSBsfrom serving cell and neighbor cell are overlapping or adjacent (in time domain) PLi sharmg = 1, otherwise When number of neighboring cells to be measured is more than 1 When none of TCI state(s) of the intra-frequency neighbor cells or interfrequencyneighbor cells without gap are in the active TCI state list, or the time since the UE receivedMAC-CE to activate TCIstate(s) for the first candidate cell is less than retainTimer configured by the higher layers Pli sharing = 3 *NNeighborCell, where NNeighbor Cell is the number of neighbor cells to measure on intra-frequency and inter-frequency without gap Otherwise PLl_sharing = 3*NNaghbor_CellJnJisb where NNeighborJCellJnJrsl Is the number of neigbour cells (including intra-frequency neighbour cell(s) and inter-frequency neighbor cell(s) without gap) whose TCI state(s) are in the active TCI state list and the time since receiving the MAC-CE to activate the TCI state(s) for each candidate cell is at least the time of retainTimer configured by the higher layers. No requirements are defined for any other neighbor cell(s) whose TCI state(s) is not in the active TCI state list.

[0116] According to the above, Pli sharing is set to 3*NNeighbor ceil not only when none of TCI state(s) of the intra-frequency neighbor cells or inter-frequency neighbor cells without gap are in the active TCI state list the but also when the time since the UE received MAC-CE to activate TCI state(s) for the first candidate cell is less than retainTimer configured by the higher layers. Plisharing is set to 3*NNeighborj>iijn_ii»t when the time since receiving the MAC-CE to activate the TCI state(s) for each candidate cell is at least the time of retainTimer configured by the higher layers.

[0117] In another alternative of action 307a / b, where the UE initiates a timer, tire UE may also wait for X ms (i.e. the duration of tire predefined time or timer) until it stops measurements for some specific candidate cells based on one or more predefined conditions (instead of (all) configured cells as in the above example). This is to limit the measurements to specific candidate cells that are more likely to be selected for further TCI activation and / or cell switch purposes, without the need for additional signaling about cells for which the timer applies.

[0118] Such candidate cells may be selected based on one of more the following conditions: Cells which were reported as one of the top N (>=1) cells in the recent M (>=1) L1 / L3 reports or reported in the last Z1 ms, Cells for which one or more RS were reported as one of the top N (>= 1) RSs (e.g., based on the measurement quantity reported) in the recent M (>= 1) L1 / L3 reports or reported in the last Z2 ms, Cells / RSs which are configured for LI measurements and reporting and for which no TCI deactivation received or for which no TCI deactivation received in the last Z3 ms, Cells / RSs for which a PDCCH ordered PRACH transmission has been performed or for which a PDCCH ordered PRACH transmission lias been performed in the last Z4 ms, Cells / RSs which are configured for UE-based TA estimation, Cells for which early ASN. 1 decoding or / and compliance check is configured or has been performed or has been performed in the last Z5 ms. Cells that are on the same frequency range as the cell for which TCI state(s) were activated.

[0119] As illustrated in Fig. 3a (and similar to Fig. 2) for tTRPl, the UE could perform an early TA acquisition procedure with the network, action 314. During the early TA acquisition procedure, the UE receives a PDCCH order for tTRPl from the sTRP, action 315, and transmits a RACK preamble to tTRPl, action 316.

[0120] The UE could then perform an LTM cell switch procedure, action 317. During the LTM cell switch procedure, tire UE receives an LTM cell switch command indicating tTRPl with TCI-1, action 318 and a RACH-based or RACH-less cell switch to tTRPl. action 319.

[0121] However, in the example of Fig. 3, the UE may now also perform such LTM cell switches to other cells or tTRPs than tTRPl (e.g. towards tTRP2 at least for a certain time).

[0122] An example embodiment of the second example aspect will now be discussed in more detail in the context of Fig. 4a-4c, in which Fig. 4a shows a signaling diagram 400a of an example embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 4b shows a flow chart 400b of the example embodiment of Fig. 4a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure and Fig. 4c shows a flow chart 400c of the example embodiment of Fig. 4a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure.

[0123] The example embodiment of the second example aspect does not directly impact the UE measurement behavior but takes into account the known TCI state condition.

[0124] With respect to actions 401-406 and 414-419 of Figs. 4a-c, it is referred to corresponding actions 301-306 and 314-319 already described with respect to Figs. 3a-c.

[0125] In the example of Fig. 4a, before action 406, the UE may be again performing L1 measurements for all candidate cells considered by the LTM configuration, i.e. tTRPl and tTRP2. At action 406, tire UE receives a TCI state activation MAC-CE for tTRPl from the network (i.e., sTRP). As explained, according to current RAN4 requirements, the UE is now allowed to stop LI measurements on tTRP2.

[0126] In the embodiment of Figs. 4a-c, the UE is also allowed to stop the L1 measurements for ITRP2. action 407a.

[0127] Thus, the UE may for instance only measure cells with TCI state in the active TCI list and transmit corresponding measurement reports to the network, action 408.

[0128] However, from a requirement point of view the TCI states for tTRP2, even though tTRP2 has no TCI state in the active TCI state list and no measurements may be performed on this cell and no corresponding measurement reports may be transmitted, remain known for a predetermined time (e.g. Y ms) after the UE stopped the measurements, action 407b. Hence, if network for example sends a TCI state activation command or cell switch command for tTRP2 within Y ms, the target TCI state in the TCI state activation command or cell switch command is considered known (assuming other conditions for known TCI state are fulfilled) for Y ms. Accordingly, the network may also consider the TCI state known for the predetermined time (e.g. after the activation command), as shown with action 407c in Fig. 4c. When the TCI state is considered known, TCI state activation and cell switch delay requirements remain applicable, and the delay may be shorter (depending on how the delay may be defined for certain cases). After the predetermined time or tinier of Y ms has expired, the TCI state becomes unknown as reference signals (RS) associated to the TCI state is not measured.

[0129] In one example, the predefined timer or timer may be defined directly in the specification as a requirement. In the following an example of how the Known TCI state conditions may be defined in the specification, such as TS 38.133, section 8, is given. Known TCI state conditions The candidate TCI state in the TCI state activation list is known if the following conditions are met: During the period from the last transmission of the RS resource used for the Ll-RSRP measurement reporting for the target downlink TCI state to the completion of active downlink TCI state activation, where the RS resource for Ll-RSRP measurement is the RS in target downlink TCI state or QCLed to the target downlink TCI state The MAC CE command indicating the activation of downlink TCI state is received within 1280 ms upon the last transmission of the RS resource for beam reporting or measurement The UE has sent at least 1 valid Ll-RSRP report for the target downlink TCI state before the MAC CE command is received. The target downlink TCI state remains detectable during the downlink TCI state activation period The UE has not stopped LI measurements on the candidate cell of the target TCI state more than T ms before receiving the MAC-CE, due to receiving a TCI state activation MAC-CE for another candidate cell. The SSB associated with the downlink TCI state remain detectable during the downlink TCI activation period SNR of the downlink TCI state IN -3dB Otherwise, the candidate TCI state is unknown.

[0130] According to the above, a TCI state may be considered known when the UE has not stopped LI measurements on the candidate cell of the target TCI state more than Y ms before receiving the MAC-CE, due to receiving a TCI state activation MAC-CE for another candidate cell.

[0131] An example embodiment of the third example aspect will now be discussed in more detail in the context of Fig. 5a-5c, in which Fig. 5a shows a signaling diagram 500a of an example embodiment of the present disclosure, Fig. 5b shows a flow chart 500b of the example embodiment of Fig. 5a as performed by a first apparatus of the present disclosure and Fig. 5c shows a flow chart 500c of the example embodiment of Fig. 5a as performed by a second apparatus of the present disclosure.

[0132] With respect to actions 501-506 and 514-519 of Figs. 5a-c it is first referred to corresponding actions 301-306 and 314-319 already described with respect to Figs. 3a-c.

[0133] In this embodiment, the network may indicate (action 506a) in the TCI state activation MAC-CE (action 506) for tTRPl to tire UE that it shall not stop measurements for tTRP2. The network may do this because it may still consider tTRP2 as a potential candidate for cell switch and is potentially planning to activate TCI state(s) for tTRP2 with a separate MAC-CE. as well. This may be. for instance, because the network knows that the TRPs are collocated, or the delay characteristics are favorable. Thus, the UE may determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication, action 507a. Accordingly, the UE may continue measurements for tTRP2, action 507b. Accordingly, similarly to action 308, the UE may also transmit corresponding measurement reports to the network, which consider such additional cells tTRP2. so that the measurement reports not only pertain to cells with TCI states in the active TCI state list, but also pertain to other cells with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, action 508. If the network is not planning to activate TCI states for more candidate cells, it may indicate UE to stop the LI measurements on those cells.

[0134] The indication may be a one-bit indication (indicating to stop or to no stop measurements on respective one or more cells) that considers or pertains to all candidate cells other than that the TCI state activation command considers (i.e. all cells other than the cell for which the TCI state was activated). The indication may also indicate separately for each cell the UE shall continue to measure. In other words, a separate one-bit indication for each cell (other than the one with TCI activation) may be used to indicate which cells the UE shall continue or stop to measure. For instance, a bitmap where ‘ 1 ’ indicates that a respective cell is to measure and ‘0’ indicates that a respective cell is not to measure, or vice versa. In one option, the indication may also indicate to the UE, if the UE shall continue to measure a specific subset of configured cells (e.g., based on reported measurements, TCI deactivation, PRACH transmission, UE-based TA configuration, and / or early ASN. 1 decoding operation, as already described above for the first example aspect).

[0135] In another embodiment the MAC-CE may contain a single bit as an indication 506a that indicates that the UE is required to follow the corresponding RRC configurations 503 including a measurement retain configuration 503a associated with the activated TRP (as will be explained in more detail below). For example, the RRC configuration 503 including the measurement retain configuration 503a may configure that when TRP1 is activated, TRP2 is the one to measure and tire UE is not required to measure any other TRPs. By having an indication 506a with such a bit set in the MAC-CE, the UE may be required to check the measurement retain configuration (e.g. “retainConfig”) 503a and apply it. In one embodiment, the absence of this bit 506a in the MAC-CE means that the UE is not required to follow the measurement retain configuration 503a.

[0136] In the following, an example of how the indication may be defined in the specification, such as TS 38.133, section 9.14 is given. TS 38.133, section 9.14 PL1 sharing is defined as When number of neighboring cells to be measured is 1 PL1 sharing = 2, if any symbol of the SSBs from serving cell and neighbor cell are overlapping or adjacent (in time domain) PL 1 sharing = 1, otherwise When number of neighboring cells to be measured is more than 1 When none of TCI state(s) of the intra-frequency neighbor cells or interfrequencyneighbor cells without gap are in the active TCI state list, or the network has indicated that the UE is not allowed to stop measurements on other candidate cells than those that have TCI state(s) on their active TCI state list - PL1 ^sharing = 3 *NNeighbor_Cell, where Weighbor Cell is the number of neighbor cells to measure on intra-frequency and inter-frequency without gap Otherwise PL 1 sharing = 3*NNeighbor_Cellin list, where NNeighbor Cell in list is the number of neigbour cells (including intra-frequency neighbour cell(s) and inter-frequency neighbor cell(s) without gap) whose TCI state(s) are in the active TCI state list and cells for which the network has indicated the UE shall not stop LI measurements at the reception of TCI state activation MAC-CEfor other cell. No requirements are defined for any other neighbor cell(s).

[0137] Alternatively, the network may indicate (action 503a) already in the LTM candidate cell configuration (action 503), whether the UE is allowed to stop measurements on some or all candidate cells at the time of TCI state activation.

[0138] As already discussed with respect to the above example, the indication may comprise a one-bit indicator for all cells or there may be an individual one-bit indicator for each of the candidate cells to indicate whether the UE can stop or shall continue measuring the cell associated with the indicator if TCI state is activated for one or more of the other cells.

[0139] For example, the UE may be configured in the LTM candidate cell configuration (action 503) with celll, cell2 and cell3. The network may indicate in the candidate cell configuration that the UE shall not stop measuring celll at a TCI state activation for any of the other cells, but may stop measuring cell2 and cell3 if a TCI state is activated for any of the other cells (action 503a). Accordingly, the UE starts performing LI measurements for all cells 1 to 3. If the network sends a TCI state activation command for cell2, the UE stall continue LI measurements on cell2 and celll but may stop measuring ce!13. However, if the network sends a TCI state activation command for celll. the UE may stop measuring cel!2 and cell3.

[0140] In one example, the network may group the candidate cells so that at the TCI state activation (action 506), the UE shall continue measurements for the cells belonging to the same group. For example, if the UE is configured with candidate cells celll, cell2, cell3 and cell4, the cells may be grouped in two groups e.g. based on collocation or frequency range: groupl (celll, cell2) and group2 (ce!13, ce!14). At TCI state activation (action 506), the UE stall continue LI measurements for the cells within the group the TCI state activation considers (i.e. the group comprising the cell for which a TCI state was activated) and may stop measuring cells in the other group(s).

[0141] As illustrated above, certain embodiments of the present disclosure enable the network to disable the UE to stop L I measurements on other candidate cells when TCI state(s) are activated for one candidate cell. This makes the system more robust as the network has the possibility to indicate the UE whether the UE stall stop LTM L1 measurements for other candidate cells at the time of TCI state activation for one cell. As discussed, such an indication could be provided in the LTM RRC configuration or it may be dynamically included in the TCI state activation MAC-CE.

[0142] It is again emphasized that the above examples and aspects may be implemented alone or they may also be combined with each other.

[0143] Turning now to Fig. 6, there is shown a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a first apparatus or UE 600 according to the present disclosure. For example, UE 600 may be one of a smartphone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a smart watch, a smart band, an LPWAN device, an loT device, an eMTC device or a vehicle or a part thereof.

[0144] UE 600 comprises a processor 601. Processor 601 may represent a single processor or two or more processors, which are for instance at least partially coupled, for instance via a bus. Processor 601 executes a program code stored in program memory 602 (for instance program code causing mobile device 600 in connection with a network entity or base station) to perform one or more of the embodiments of a method according to the present disclosure or parts thereof, when executed on processor 601, and interfaces with a main memory' 603. Program memory 602 may also contain an operating system for processor 601. Some or all of memories 602 and 603 may also be included into processor 601.

[0145] One of or both of a main memoiy and a program memory of a processor (e.g. program memory' 602 and main memory' 603) could be fixedly coimected to the processor (e.g. processor 601) or at least partially removable from the processor, for instance in the form of a memory card or stick.

[0146] A program memory (e.g. program memory 602) may for instance be a non-volatile memory. It may for instance be a FLASH memory (or a part thereof), any of a ROM, PROM. EPROM, MRAM or a FeRAM (or a part thereof) or a hard disc (or a part thereof), to name but a few examples. For example, a program memoiy may for instance comprise a first memoiy section that is fixedly installed, and a second memoiy section that is removable from, for instance in the form of a removable SD memory card.

[0147] A main memory (e.g. main memoiy 603) may for instance be a volatile memory. It may for instance be a DRAM memoiy, to give non-limiting example. It may for instance be used as a working memoiy for processor 601 when executing an operating system, an application, a program, and / or the like.

[0148] Processor 601 further controls a communication interface 604 (e.g. radio interface) configured to receive and / or transmit data and / or information. For instance, communication interface 604 may be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals from a radio node, such as a base station, in particular as described herein. It is to be understood that any computer program code based processing required for receiving and / or evaluating radio signals may be stored in an own memoiy of communication interface 604 and executed by an own processor of communication interface 604 and / or it may be stored for example in memoiy 603 and executed for example by processor 601.

[0149] Additionally, the communication interface 604 may further comprise a BLE and / or Bluetooth radio interface including a BLE transmitter, receiver or transceiver. For example, radio interface 604 may additionally or alternatively comprise a WLAN radio interface including at least a WLAN transmitter, receiver or transceiver.

[0150] The components 602 to 604 of terminal device 600 may for instance be connected with processor 601 by means of one or more serial and / or parallel busses.

[0151] It is to be understood that terminal device 600 may comprise various other components. For example, terminal device 600 may optionally comprise a user interface (e.g. a touch-sensitive display, a keyboard, a touchpad, a display, etc.).

[0152] Fig. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a first apparatus or network entity’ 700, such as a base station (in particular a non-terrestrial network entity or gNB). For instance, network entity 700 may be configured for scheduling and / or transmitting signals to the UE, as described above.

[0153] Network entity7 700 comprises a processor 701. Processor 701 may represent a single processor or two or more processors, which are for instance at least partially coupled, for instance via a bus. Processor 701 executes a program code stored in program memory’ 702 (for instance program code causing network entity 700 to perform alone or together with tire apparatus 600 embodiments according to the present disclosure or parts thereof), and interfaces with a main memory 703.

[0154] Program memory' 702 may also comprise an operating system for processor 701. Someorallof memories 702 and 703 may also be included into processor 701.

[0155] Moreover, processor 701 controls a communication interface 704 which is for example configured to communicate according to a cellular communication system like a 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G cellular communication system. Communication interface 704 of apparatus 700 may be realized by radio heads for instance and may be provided for communication between network entity and the apparatus, as described above.

[0156] The components 702 to 704 of network entity’ 700 may for instance be connected with processor 701 by means of one or more serial and / or parallel busses.

[0157] It is to be understood that apparatuses 600, 700 may comprise various other components.

[0158] Fig. 8 is a schematic illustration of examples of tangible and non-transitory computer-readable storage media according to the present disclosure that may for instance be used to implement memory 602 of Fig. 6 or memory 702 of Fig. 7. To this end, Fig. 8 displays a flash memory 800. which may for instance be soldered or bonded to a printed circuit board, a solid-state drive 801 comprising a plurality of memory chips (e.g. Flash memory chips). a magnetic hard drive 802. a Secure Digital (SD) card 803, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) memory' stick 804, an optical storage medium 805 (such as for instance a CD-ROM or DVD) and a magnetic storage medium 806.

[0159] The following embodiments are also disclosed: Al. A first apparatus comprising: means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM. configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for L1 measurements for LTM; means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells; means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. A2. The first apparatus according to embodiment Al, the first apparatus comprising one or more of: means for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration; and / or means for transmitting reports related to the measurements on one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration. A3. The first apparatus according to embodiment A2, wherein said performing measurements based on the determined measurement configuration comprises performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. A4. The first apparatus according to any of embodiments Al-A3, wherein said determining of a measurement configuration comprises determining one or more of: one or more parameters for the adjustment of a transmit power; one or more parameters for power sharing; one or more parameters in a measurement period configuration; a power offset parameter for sharing transmissions; and a parameter Pry__ sharing ■ A5. The first apparatus according to any of embodiments A1-A4, wherein said determining of a measurement configuration comprises one or more of: a comparison of the time compared to a predetermined time; a determination that the time is less than a predetermined time; and a determination that the time is at least a predetermined time. A6. The first apparatus according to embodiment A5, wherein said performing of measurements based on the determined measurement configuration comprises stopping measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list when the time after the activation command is at least the predetermined time. A7. The first apparatus according to embodiment A5 or A6, wherein the predetermined time is configured by one or more of: a network entity; at least one higher layer; the LTM configuration; the activation command; a specification. A8. The first apparatus according to any of embodiments A5-A7, wherein the predetermined time is associated with one or more of: all candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; a subset of the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more groups of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; a group comprising tire candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received; and one or more groups not comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received. A9. The first apparatus according to any of embodiments A5-A8, the first apparatus comprising: means for determining one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with the predetermined time based on one or more predefined criteria. A10. The apparatus according to embodiment A9. wherein the one or more predefined criteria pertain to one or more of: the measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more physical random access channel, PRACH. transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more user equipment-based, UE-based, timing advance, TA estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more TCI state deactivations in the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; early ASN. 1 decoding and / or compliance check operations in the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; a common frequency range of the one or more candidate cells configured by tire LTM configuration. Al 1. A second apparatus comprising: means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; means for transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. A12. The second apparatus according to embodiment All, wherein the second apparatus comprises: means for transmitting an indication of a predetermined time to be used for determining the measurement configuration. A13. The second apparatus according to embodiment Al 1 or A12. wherein the second apparatus comprises: means for transmitting information indicating the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with a predetermined time for determining the measurement configuration. A14. A first method comprising: receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells; receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. A15. A second method comprising: transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM. configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command. A16. A computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform tire method of any one of embodiments A14 or A15. A17. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program of embodiment A16. Bl. A first apparatus comprising: means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM. configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements on the one or more candidate cells; means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for stopping, in response to the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, the at least one candidate cell being configured by the LTM configuration; means for considering one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known for a predetermined time after stopping the measurements. B2. The first apparatus according to embodiment Bl, wherein the first apparatus comprises: means for determining the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell which shall be considered known. B3. The first apparatus according to embodiment B1 or B2, wherein the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell are considered known for the predetermined time based on a timer. B4. The first apparatus of embodiment B3. wherein the timer is triggered based on the receiving of the activation command. B5. The first apparatus of any of the embodiments B1-B4, wherein the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list are considered known as long as one or more further conditions for considering a candidate TCI state known are met. B6. The first apparatus of embodiment B5, wherein the one or more further conditions for considering a candidate TCI state known comprise one or more of: an activation command for activating the candidate TCI state is received within a predefined period upon the last transmission for reporting or measurement of a reference signal QCLed to the candidate TCI state; the first apparatus has sent at least one valid measurement report for the candidate TCI state before an activation command for the candidate TCI state is received; the candidate TCI state remains detectable during tire TCI state activation period; a synchronization signal block, SSB, associated with the candidate TCI state remain detectable during the TCI state activation period; the signal to noise ratio, SNR, of the candidate TCI state is above a predefined threshold. B7. The first apparatus of anyone of tire embodiments B1-B6, wherein the first apparatus comprises: means for receiving, during the predetermined time, a cell switch command or a further activation command for activating a TCI state for a candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, but considered known; means for activating the TCI state, for which the cell switch command or the further activation command, respectively, was received. B8. The first apparatus of any one of the embodiments B1-B7, wherein the first apparatus comprises: means for considering, at least after the predetermined time, the one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list, which was considered known, unknown. B9. A second apparatus comprising: means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for L1 measurements for LTM; means for transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for receiving one or more reports on measurements on one or more candidate cells with TCI states in an active TCI state list; means for considering, for a predetermined time after the activation command, one or more candidate TCI states for at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known. BIO. A first method comprising: receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements on the one or more candidate cells; receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; stopping, in response to the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI state in the active TCI state list, the at least one candidate cell being configured by the LTM configuration; considering one or more candidate TCI states for the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known for a predetermined time after stopping the measurements. B11. A second method comprising: transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; receiving one or more reports on measurements on one or more candidate cells with TCI states in an active TCI state list; considering, for a predetermined time after the activation command, one or more candidate TCI states for at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in the active TCI state list known. B12. A computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of embodiments B10 or B11. B13. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program of embodiment B12. CL A first apparatus comprising: means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells; means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for receiving an indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration; means for determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at the at least candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication. C2. The first apparatus according to embodiment Cl, the first apparatus comprising: means for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell based on the determined measurement configuration. C3. The first apparatus according to embodiment C2, wherein said performing of measurements based on the detennined measurement configuration comprises performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list. C4. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C3, wherein the indication indicates one or more predefined criteria for determining the measurement configuration, wherein the one or more criteria pertain to at least one of: measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; physical random access channel. PRACH transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; user equipment-based, UE-based. timing advance, TA estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; TCI state deactivations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; early ASN. 1 decoding and / or compliance check operations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; or a common frequency range of one or more candidate cells configured by tire LTM configuration. C5. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C4, wherein the indication is received as part of at least one of: the LTM configuration; or tire activation command. C6. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C5, wherein the indication is received as part the LTM configuration, wherein the activation command comprises a further indication whether to consider the indication in the LTM configuration. C7. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C6. wherein the indication is provided by a joint indictor for some or all of the one or more candidate cells with no TCI state in the active TCI state list. C8. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C7, wherein die indication is provided by individual indicators for some or each of the one or more candidate cells with no TCI state in the active TCI state list. C9. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C8, wherein the indication is provided by individual indicators for each of one or more groups of the candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. CIO. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments C1-C9. wherein the indication comprises one or multiple one-bit indicators. Cl 1. The first apparatus according to any of the embodiments Cl-CIO, wherein the indication is valid for a predetermined time. C12. A second apparatus comprising: means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; means for transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; means for transmitting an indication whether to perform, after the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration. C13. The second apparatus according to embodiment 12, wherein the second apparatus comprises: means for receiving one or more reports on measurements on the one or more candidate cells, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication. C14. The second apparatus according to embodiment C12 or C13, wherein the indication is transmitted as part of at least one of: the LTM configuration; or the activation command. C15. The second apparatus according to any of embodiments C12-C14, wherein the second apparatus comprises: means for determining the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, for which to perform measurements after the activation command. C16. The second apparatus according to embodiment C15, wherein the at least one candidate cell is determined based on one or more predefined criteria. C17. The second apparatus according to embodiment C16, wherein the one or more predefined criteria pertain to one or more of: measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by tire LTM configuration; one or more physical random access channel, PRACH. transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more user equipment-based, UE-based, timing advance, TA estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; one or more TCI state deactivations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; early ASN. 1 decoding and / or compliance check operations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration; a common frequency range of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration. C18. A first method comprising: receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells; receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; receiving an indication whether to perform, after receiving the activation command, measurements on the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration; determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on the indication. C19. A second method comprising: transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM; transmitting an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration; transmitting an indication whether to perform, after the activation command, measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list, wherein the at least one candidate cell is configured by the LTM configuration. C20. A computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of embodiments C18 or C19. C21. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program of embodiment C20.

[0160] Any presented comiection in the described embodiments is to be understood in a way that the involved components are operationally coupled. Thus, the connections can be direct or indirect with any number or combination of intervening elements, and there may be merely a functional relationship between the components.

[0161] Further, as used in this text, the term ‘circuitry’ refers to any of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) (b) combinations of circuits and software (and / or firmware), such as: (i) to a combination of processor(s) or (ii) to sections of processor(s) / software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone, to perform various functions) and (c) to circuits, such as a microprocessors) or a section of a microprocessor s), that re-quire software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.

[0162] This definition of ‘circuitry’ applies to all uses of this term in this text, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this text, the term ‘circuitry7’ also covers an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or section of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term ‘circuitry'’ also covers, for example, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone.

[0163] Any of the processors mentioned in this text, in particular but not limited to processors 601 and 701 of Figs. 6 and 7, could be a processor of any suitable ty pe. Any processor may comprise but is not limited to one or more microprocessors, one or more processors) with accompanying digital signal processors). one or more processor(s) without accompanying digital signal processors), one or more special-purpose computer chips, one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAS), one or more controllers, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICS), or one or more computer(s). The relevant structure / hardware has been programmed in such a way to carry out the described function.

[0164] Moreover, any of tire actions or steps described or illustrated herein may be implemented using executable instructions in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor and stored on a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., disk, memoiy, or the like) to be executed by such a processor. References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’ should be understood to encompass specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices.

[0165] Moreover, any of the actions described or illustrated herein may be implemented using executable instructions in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor and stored on a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., disk, memoiy', or the like) to be executed by such a processor. References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’ should be understood to encompass specialized circuits such as FPGAs, ASICs, signal processing devices, and other devices.

[0166] The wording “A, or B, or C, or a combination thereof’ or “at least one of A, B and C” may be understood to be not exhaustive and to include at least the following: (i) A, or (ii) B, or (iii) C, or (iv) A and B. or (v) A and C, or (vi) B and C, or (vii) A and B and C.

[0167] It will be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are only exemplary, and that any feature presented for a particular exemplary' embodiment may be used with any aspect of the present disclosure on its own or in combination with any feature presented for the same or another particular exemplary embodiment and / or in combination with any other feature not mentioned. It will further be understood that any feature presented for an example embodiment in a particular category may also be used in a corresponding manner in an example embodiment of any other category. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS: 3 GPP Third Generation Partnership Project 5G 5-th Generation CORESET Control Resource Set DL Downlink FR Frequency Range gNB next generation NodeB IE Information element LI Layer 1 L2 Layer 2 L3 Layer 3 MAC Medium Access Control MAC-CE MAC Control Element NW Network Physical Downlink Shared Channel PDCCH 5 QCL RACH RS Quasi co-location Random Access Channel Reference Signal 10 RRC RSRP RSRQ RSSI SINR Radio Resource Control Reference signal received power Reference signal received quality Received signal strength indicator Signal to interference plus noise ratio 15 TA TCI TRP UE UL Timing Advance Transmission Configuration Indicator Transmission and Reception Point User Equipment Uplink

Claims

1. A first apparatus comprising:means for receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM;means for performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells;means for receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration;means for determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

2. The first apparatus according to claim 1, the first apparatus comprising one or more of: means for performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration; and / or means for transmitting reports related to the measurements on the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on the determined measurement configuration.

3. The first apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said performing measurements based on thedetermined measurement configuration comprises performing measurements on the at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list.

4. The first apparatus according to any of claims 1-3, wherein said determining of a measurement configuration comprises determining one or more of:one or more parameters for the adjustment of a transmit power;one or more parameters for power sharing;one or more parameters in a measurement period configuration; a power offset parameter for sharing transmissions; and a parameter PLi_ __ sharing ■5. The first apparatus according to any of claims 1-4, wherein said determining of a measurement configuration comprises one or more of:a comparison of the time compared to a predetermined time;a determination that the time is less than a predetermined time; and a determination that the time is at least a predetermined time.

6. The first apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said performing of measurements based on the determined measurement configuration comprises stopping measurements on at least one candidate cell with no TCI states in an active TCI state list when the time after the activation command is at least the predetermined time.

7. The first apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the predetermined time is configured by one or more of:a network entity;at least one higher layer;the LTM configuration;the activation command; a specification.

8. The first apparatus according to any of claims 5-7, wherein the predetermined time is associated with one or more of:all candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;a subset of the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;one or more groups of one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;a group comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received; andone or more groups not comprising the candidate cell for which the activation command for one or more TCI states was received.

9. The first apparatus according to any of claims 5-8, the first apparatus comprising: means for determining the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with the predetermined time based on one or more predefined criteria.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein tire one or more predefined criteria pertain to one or more of:the measurements in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;one or more physical random access channel, PRACH, transmissions in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;one or more user equipment-based, UE-based, timing advance, TA, estimations in one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;one or more TCI state deactivations in the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;early ASN. 1 decoding and / or compliance check operations in the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration;a common frequency range of the one or more candidate cells configured by the LTM configuration.

11. A second apparatus comprising:means for transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility. LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM;means for transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration;means for receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

12. The second apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the second apparatus comprises:means for transmitting an indication of a predetermined time to be used for determining the measurement configuration.

13. The second apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the second apparatus comprises: means for transmitting information indicating the at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration to be associated with a predetermined time for determining the measurement configuration.

14. A first method comprising:receiving a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM;performing, based on the received LTM configuration, measurements for the one or more candidate cells;receiving an activation command for activating one or more transmission configuration indicator, TCI, states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration;determining a measurement configuration for performing measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

15. A second method comprising:transmitting a Lower Layer Triggered Mobility, LTM, configuration configuring one or more candidate cells for LI measurements for LTM;transmitting an activation command for one or more transmission configuration indicator. TCI. states for a candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration;receiving one or more reports related to measurements on at least one candidate cell configured by the LTM configuration, the measurements being performed based on a measurement configuration determined based on candidate cells in an active TCI state list and on a time since the activation command.

16. A computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause theapparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 14 or 15.

17. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon the computer program of claim 16.50

Images