Wall panel assembly and wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly

Abstract

A wall panel assembly 1 of a building comprising a first layer 10 comprising a support frame 11, where the support frame comprises studs 12, the studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids

Description

The present invention is directed towards a wall panel assembly of a building and a method of assembling a wall panel assembly. The present invention further relates to a building incorporating the wall panel assembly, a wall panel for use in the wall panel assembly and a method of fabricating the wall panel, as well as a method of assembling a building having the wall panel assembly. BACKGROUND To counteract global warming and reduce the effects thereof, a key global goal is to achieve a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. It is well known that carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas and is an important contributor to the rise in global temperatures. One sector which is regarded as being a significant contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions is the construction sector. The construction of buildings is a key focus within the sector in order to reduce its contribution to carbon dioxide emissions. For example, the use of the commonly employed masonry construction technique for the construction of walls of a building typically results in the building having a high embodied carbon value. The high embodied carbon results from the sourcing and production of the building materials used for the construction of the walls, such as bricks and blockwork. Furthermore, another aspect to consider once the building has been constructed is the operational carbon of a building. Operational carbon relates to the carbon emissions arising from the operation of the building or utilities therein, for example, the heating and cooling of a building. Inefficiently designed buildings and in particular, the constituent parts of the building can therefore detrimentally result in a building with a high operational carbon value. For example, inefficiently designed walls of a building may lead to the problem of significant losses of heat from the interior space to the outside of the building and thus poor retention of heat, which will ultimately increase the operational carbon value of the building. In order to improve the efficiency of the walls of a building, insulating materials are commonly used to reduce the transmittance of heat from the interior of the building to the outside of the building. One way to further reduce thermal transmittance is to increase the thickness of the insulation used. However, increasing the thickness of insulation will also generally dictate the need for an increase in the thickness of the wall itself, which is problematic as it has a negative consequence of sacrificing the potential living space in a home whilst also increasing the costs associated with insulating the home. Furthermore, the use of such insulating materials may significantly contribute to the embodied carbon of the building itself. The use of plastic-based insulating materials, such as foams for example, are predominant in the insulation of buildings, however the manufacturing processes for these materials are energy intensive. Furthermore, these materials can also be flammable, thereby leading to rapid spreading of fires throughout a building. Another area to reduce the thermal transmittance to the exterior of a building is the choice of exterior cladding. A primary reason why masonry construction is a popular building system is that the materials used, such as bricks and blocks for example, are useful materials for preventing heat loss through the building envelope to the exterior of the building. However, as noted previously, these materials are problematic as the buildings, and in particular, the walls of a building suffer from having high embodied carbon values. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to prevent or mitigate the problems as outlined above. SUMMARY According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a wall panel assembly of a building, said wall panel assembly comprising: a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; a fagade cladding; and a cavity locatable between the first layer and the fagade cladding, wherein the first set of voids and second set of voids each comprise a non-combustible insulating material locatable therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is a second insulated layer. Ideally, the building is a prefabricated building. Preferably, at least part of the building is prefabricated. Ideally, the building is a modular building. Ideally, the building is a panelised building. Ideally, the building is a prefabricated panelised building. Ideally, at least part of the building is panelised. Ideally, the modular building is a prefabricated building. Ideally, the modular building is a prefabricated panelised building. Ideally, the modular building is a prefabricated modular building. In preferred embodiments, the support frame is a timber support frame. Preferably, each stud of the plurality of studs has a width of at least 80 mm. More specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs has a width of at least 140 mm. Yet even more specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs may be 140 mm in width. Ideally, each stud of the plurality of studs is 140 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the plurality of studs is a plurality of timber studs. Ideally, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than 7%. More specifically, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than, or equal to 6.3%. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is erectable on a building component. More specifically, the first layer is erectable on the building component. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is fixable to the building component using any suitable connecting means, such as a bracket assembly. Preferably, the building component is an upstand. Ideally, the building component is a cavity foundation rising wall. Ideally, the first layer comprises at least one base member. In preferred embodiments, the first layer comprises a single base member. Ideally, the single base member is a single sole plate. Advantageously, a single base member reduces the thermal bridging associated with the wall-floor junction and increases the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the second layer is configured to be a service zone. Ideally, the second layer is a service zone. Preferably, the second layer is configurable to accommodate building services and equipment therefor, such as piping and wires. Ideally, said second layer being locatable interior to the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members being a plurality of battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Preferably, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than 8%. More specifically, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than, or equal to 7.3%. Ideally, each batten of the plurality of battens is 35 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the wall panel assembly comprises an inner lining. Ideally, said inner lining being interior to the second layer. Ideally, the inner lining comprises a first inner lining surface facing towards the second layer and a second inner lining surface facing towards the inside of the building. Ideally, the inner lining comprises a first inner lining surface facing in the direction of the outside of the building and a second inner lining surface facing in the direction of the inside of the building. Ideally, the inner lining comprises a first inner lining surface disposed towards the outside of the building and a second inner lining surface disposed towards of the inside of the building. Ideally, the inner lining is adjacent to the second layer. Ideally, the second layer is disposed between the inner lining and the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members is configurable to be a means for fixing the inner lining to the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members, and more particularly, the plurality of battens are operable as fixing points to which an inner lining can be mounted thereto. Ideally, the inner lining is fixable to the first layer using the plurality of inner fixing members. Preferably, the inner lining comprises any suitable lining material, such as plasterboard. Ideally, the inner lining has a width of at least 12.5 mm. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the wall panel assembly comprises an inner barrier layer. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is disposed between the second layer and the first layer. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is configured to prevent passage of vapour from the inside of the building through to the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a membrane. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is an air and vapour control layer. Ideally, the membrane is an air and vapour control membrane. In some arrangements, the inner barrier layer, and, more particularly, the membrane comprises a heat reflective element. The heat reflective element may comprise a metallised surface. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface facing towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface facing towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface facing in the direction of the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface facing in the direction of the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface disposed towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface disposed towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the second layer has a width, said width being defined between the inner barrier layer and the inner lining. More specifically, the width of the second layer is defined as the distance between the first inner barrier layer surface and the first inner lining surface. By width of the second layer here, we mean said width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. In arrangements where the inner lining is fixed to the first layer via the plurality of battens, it will be also understood that the second layer width may also be defined by the width of the plurality of battens used for fixing of the inner lining to the first layer. In preferred embodiments, the width of the second layer is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. Advantageously, the width of the second layer being equivalent to or less than 35 mm maximises the useable living space of the building. Further advantageously, the second layer of the wall panel assembly having a width being equivalent to or less than 35 mm, in conjunction with the first layer being a first insulated layer and the second layer being a second insulated layer maximises the useable living space of the building and also provides a thermally efficient wall panel assembly. Ideally, the width of the second set of voids is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. By width of the second set of voids here, we mean said width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the wall panel assembly comprises an outer barrier layer. Ideally, the outer barrier layer is disposed between the first layer and the cavity. Ideally, the outer barrier layer may be secured to the first layer, and more particularly, to the support frame of the first layer. Preferably, the outer barrier layer is adjacent to the first layer. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a membrane and / or a sheathing board. The membrane may be fixed to the sheathing board and / or the support frame. The sheathing board may be fixed to the support frame. In some embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from Oriented Standard Board (OSB) sheeting. In other embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from a non-combustible building board. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a heat reflective element. More specifically, at least part of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the at least part of the outer barrier layer comprising the heat reflective element is the membrane. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the heat reflective element comprises a metallised surface. Preferably, the metallised surface is locatable on the membrane. Advantageously, the heat reflective element of the outer barrier layer, and in particular the membrane mitigates heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Advantageously, the airtight nature and heat reflective element of the at least part of the outer barrier layer cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly. This improves the thermal efficiency of the outer barrier layer and therefore the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Further advantageously, the airtight nature and heat reflective element of the at least part of the outer barrier layer work in conjunction with the first insulated layer and the second insulated layer to cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly. This improves the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, said cavity is locatable between the outer barrier layer and the fagade cladding. Ideally, said cavity is adjacent to the outer barrier layer. Ideally, said cavity is adjacent to the outer barrier layer and to the fagade cladding. In preferred embodiments, said cavity is a ventilated cavity. More specifically, said cavity is a slightly ventilated or fully ventilated cavity. Ideally, said wall panel assembly comprises at least one ventilation opening. Ideally, said wall panel assembly comprises a plurality of ventilation openings. Ideally, said at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Ideally, each ventilation opening of the at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Ideally, each ventilation opening of the plurality of ventilation openings is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Preferably, the at least one ventilation opening of the wall panel assembly has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly. By total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly, we mean that, for a metre length of wall panel assembly, the sum of the surface areas of each ventilation opening located in said metre length of wall panel assembly provides the total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly. By per metre length of wall panel assembly, we mean per metre run of the wall in the horizontal direction. The total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly may also be referred to as a total surface area of ventilation openings per metre length of wall panel assembly. Preferably, the plurality of ventilation openings of the wall panel assembly has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly. Preferably, the at least one ventilation opening of the wall panel assembly has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly greater than 500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly. Preferably, the plurality of ventilation openings of the wall panel assembly has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly greater than 500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly. By slightly ventilated cavity, we mean that the at least one ventilation opening or the plurality of ventilation openings have a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly greater than 500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly, but less than 1500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly. By fully ventilated cavity, we mean than the at least one ventilation opening or plurality of ventilation openings have a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly greater than 1500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly. In other embodiments, the cavity is an unventilated cavity. By unventilated cavity, we mean that that the at least one ventilation opening or plurality of ventilation openings have a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly less than or equal to 500 mm2 per metre length. Ideally, said cavity is a drained cavity. Ideally, said ventilated cavity is a drained cavity. Ideally, the cavity has a width, said width being defined between the fagade cladding and the outer barrier layer or first layer. Ideally, the width of the cavity is at least 20 mm. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. In some embodiments, the cavity may be insulated with a non-combustible insulating material. Ideally, the fagade cladding is adjacent to the outside of the building. Ideally, the fagade cladding is locatable exterior to the first layer. Preferably, the fagade cladding is fixable to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer. Ideally, the fagade cladding is fixable to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer using an outer fixing means. Ideally, the outer fixing means comprises at least one fixing member. Ideally, the at least one fixing member comprises at least one batten. In other embodiments, the at least one fixing member comprises a bracket system, said bracket system being configured to fix the fagade cladding to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer. In some arrangements, at least one of the at least one fixing member may comprise the at least one ventilation opening. In some arrangements, at least one of the at least one fixing member may comprise the plurality of ventilation openings. Ideally, the fagade cladding is a rainscreen fagade. Ideally, the rainscreen fagade, the outer fixing means and the ventilated and drained cavity form a rainscreen fagade system. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding is not made of masonry. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding is formed from any suitable non-masonry cladding such as timber cladding or render board for example. Advantageously, the fagade cladding being not made of masonry significantly reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. In other embodiments, the fagade cladding comprises brick slips. Advantageously, the use of brick slips reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. Ideally, at least part of or all of the fagade cladding is formed from a material that has been recycled and / or is recyclable and / or is configured to be an input material within a recycling process. Ideally, the fagade cladding has a width, wherein the width of the fagade cladding comprises a minimum width of 8 mm. Ideally, the width of the fagade cladding ranges between 8 mm and 20 mm. Optionally, the fagade cladding is an insulated fagade cladding. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is a prefabricated wall panel assembly. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is prefabricated off-site. Ideally, at least part of the wall panel assembly is prefabricated off-site. In preferred embodiments, the first set of voids is fillable with non-combustible insulation off-site to form the first insulated layer. In preferred embodiments, the first set of voids is filled with non-combustible insulation off-site to form the first insulated layer. Advantageously, this minimises the work required on site, thereby enabling rapid assembly of the building. Alternatively, the first set of voids is filled with non-combustible insulation on-site to form the first insulated layer. Preferably, the second set of voids is fillable with non-combustible insulation on-site to form the second insulated layer. Preferably, the second set of voids is filled with non-combustible insulation on-site to form the second insulated layer. Advantageously, this minimises the work required on site, thereby enabling rapid assembly of the building. Alternatively, the second set of voids is filled with non-combustible insulation off-site to form the second insulated layer. Preferably, the second set of voids is fillable with non-combustible insulation on-site after installation of services and equipment therefor, such as plumbing and cabling for example. Preferably, the second set of voids is filled with non-combustible insulation on-site after installation of services and equipment therefor, such as plumbing and cabling for example. Advantageously, this minimises the work required on site, thereby enabling rapid assembly of the building. Advantageously, the prefabrication of at least part of the wall panel assembly enables rapid installation of the wall panel assembly on-site and thus rapid assembly of the building. Further advantageously, the prefabrication and filling of the first insulated layer off-site minimises the required labour on-site, thereby significantly reducing the time required for completion of a building. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is configured to form part of a building. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is configured to form part of a prefabricated building. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is configured to form part of a prefabricated modular building. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is connectable to at least one or more wall panel assemblies to form at least part of the building. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is configured to retard the spread of fire. Further advantageously, the wall panel assembly is configured to retard the spread of fire from the inside of the building to the outside of the building. In preferred embodiments, the non-combustible insulating material comprises mineral wool, glass wool or rockwool. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is a thermally efficient wall panel assembly. More specifically, the configuration of the wall panel assembly provides the wall panel assembly with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. Ideally, in embodiments where the cavity is a fully ventilated cavity, the configuration of the wall panel assembly provides the wall panel assembly with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance equivalent to or more than 4.375 m2K / W. More specifically, the support frame and the first set of voids comprising the non-combustible insulating material locatable therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the second insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. More specifically, the plurality of inner fixing members and the second set of voids comprising the non-combustible insulating material locatable therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. Ideally, the inner lining has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.079 m2K / W. Ideally, the inner lining has a thermal resistance equivalent to, or more than, 0.079 m2K / W. Ideally, the fagade cladding has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.035 m2K / W. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a building comprising a wall panel assembly, wherein the wall panel assembly comprises: a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; a fagade cladding; and a cavity locatable between the first layer and the fagade cladding, wherein the first set of voids and second set of voids each comprise a non-combustible insulating material locatable therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is a second insulated layer. The wall panel assembly may comprise any of the features, components, arrangements or details as described in relation to the wall panel assembly according to first aspect of the invention. Ideally, the building comprises a plurality of wall panel assemblies. Ideally, the building is a multi-story building. Alternatively, the building is a single-story building. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of assembling a building comprising a wall panel assembly, said method employing a wall panel assembly and building comprising any of the features, components, arrangements or details as described in relation to the wall panel assembly and building according to first and second aspects of the invention, wherein the method comprises: prefabricating at least one wall panel assembly or a part of the at least one wall panel assembly in an off-site location, wherein the at least one wall panel assembly comprises a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; a fagade cladding; and a cavity locatable between the first layer and the fagade cladding; filling the first set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material; transporting the prefabricated at least one wall panel assembly or the part of the at least one wall panel assembly to an on-site location; and filling the second set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material. Ideally, filling the first set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material is conducted in the off-site location. Preferably, filling the second set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material is conducted in the on-site location. Alternatively, filling the second set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material is conducted in the off-site location. Ideally, the method comprises a step of erecting the at least one wall panel assembly or the part of the at least one wall panel assembly to form a part of the building. Ideally, the method comprises a step of installing services within the second layer prior to filling of the second set of voids with the non-combustible insulating material. Advantageously, prefabrication of the wall panel assembly in an off-site location drastically reduces the time required for assembling the building on-site and significantly reduces the manual labour required on-site. In arrangements where a part of the at least one wall panel assembly is prefabricated, the part of the at least one wall panel assembly may comprise a wall panel for use in the wall panel assembly, the wall panel comprising the wall panel comprising the first layer and the second layer of the wall panel assembly. The wall panel may further comprise an inner barrier layer. The wall panel may further comprise an outer barrier layer. The wall panel may further comprise an outer fixing means for fixing the fagade cladding to the wall panel. The inner barrier layer, outer barrier layer and outer fixing means may comprise any of the features, components, arrangements or details as described in relation to the inner barrier layer, outer barrier layer and outer fixing means as described in the first and second aspects of the invention. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly, the wall panel comprising: a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; wherein the first set of voids is filled with a non-combustible insulating material therein and the second set of voids are fillable with a non-combustible insulating material therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is functionable as a second insulated layer. In preferred embodiments, the support frame is a timber support frame. Preferably, each stud of the plurality of studs has a width of at least 80 mm. More specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs may have a width of at least 140 mm. Yet even more specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs may be 140 mm in width. Ideally, each stud of the plurality of studs is 140 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, the plurality of studs is a plurality of timber studs. Ideally, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than 7%. More specifically, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than, or equal to 6.3%. The wall panel, and more particularly, the first layer may be erectable on the building component. Ideally, the wall panel is fixable to the building component using any suitable connecting means, such as a bracket assembly. Ideally, the first layer comprises at least one base member. In preferred embodiments, the first layer comprises a single base member. Ideally, the single base member is a single sole plate. Advantageously, a single base member reduces the thermal bridging associated with the wall-floor junction and increases the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly comprising the panel. Ideally, the second layer is configured to be a service zone. Ideally, the second layer is a service zone. Preferably, the second layer is configurable to accommodate building services and equipment therefor, such as piping and wires. Ideally, in use in a wall panel assembly in a building, said second layer being locatable interior to the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members being a plurality of battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Preferably, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than 8%. More specifically, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than, or equal to 7.3%. Ideally, each batten of the plurality of battens is 35 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the building panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, the panel comprises an inner barrier layer. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is disposed between the second layer and the first layer. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is configured to prevent passage of vapour from the inside of the building through to the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a membrane. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is an air and vapour control layer. Ideally, the membrane is an air and vapour control membrane. In some arrangements, the membrane may comprise a heat reflective element. The heat reflective element may comprise a metallised surface. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to face towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to face towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to be disposed towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to be disposed towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the second layer has a width, said width being defined between the inner barrier layer and the inner lining that is fixable thereto. More specifically, the width of the second layer is defined as the distance between the first inner barrier layer surface and the first inner lining surface. By width of the second layer here, we mean said width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, an inner lining is fixable to the first layer using the plurality of inner fixing members. Ideally, the second layer is locatable between the inner lining fixable to the first layer and the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members is configurable to be a means for fixing an inner lining to the first layer. Preferably, the inner lining fixable to the first layer may comprise any suitable lining material, such as plasterboard. Ideally, the panel comprises an outer barrier layer. Preferably, the outer barrier layer is adjacent to the first layer. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a membrane and / or a sheathing board. In some embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheeting. In other embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from a non-combustible building board. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a heat reflective element. More specifically, at least part of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the at least part of the outer barrier layer comprising the heat reflective element is the membrane. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the heat reflective element comprises a metallised surface. Preferably, the metallised surface is locatable on the membrane. Advantageously, the heat reflective element of the outer barrier layer, and in particular the membrane mitigates heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Advantageously, the airtight nature and heat reflective element of the at least part of the outer barrier layer cooperatively mitigates heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly. This improves the thermal efficiency of the outer barrier layer and therefore the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Further advantageously, in use, the airtight nature and heat reflective element of the at least part of the outer barrier layer works in conjunction with the first insulated layer and the second insulated layer to cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. This improves the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. In preferred embodiments, the width of the second layer is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. Advantageously, the width of the second layer being equivalent to or less than 35 mm maximises the useable living space of the building. Further advantageously, the second layer of the panel having a width being equivalent to or less than 35 mm, in conjunction with the first layer being a first insulated layer and the second layer capable of being a second insulated layer maximises the useable living space of the building and also improves the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, the width of the second set of voids is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. By width of the second set of voids here, we mean said width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance equivalent to or more than 4.375 m2K / W. More specifically, the support frame and the first set of voids comprising the non-combustible insulating material locatable therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the second layer is fillable with non-combustible insulation such that the second layer is a second insulated layer and said second insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. More specifically, in use in a wall panel assembly the plurality of inner fixing members and the second set of voids filled with non-combustible insulating material therein contributes to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. Ideally, in use, the wall panel is configured for fixing of a fagade cladding thereto such that a cavity is defined therebetween. It will therefore be understood that the cavity definable through fixing of a fagade cladding thereto is locatable between the outer barrier layer and the fagade cladding. Ideally, said cavity definable through fixing of a fapade cladding to the panel is adjacent to the outer barrier layer. Ideally, said cavity definable through fixing of a fapade cladding to the panel is adjacent to the outer barrier layer and to the fagade cladding. In preferred embodiments, said definable cavity is a ventilated cavity. More specifically, said cavity may be a slightly ventilated or fully ventilated cavity. In other embodiments, however, said definable cavity may be an unventilated cavity Ideally, said definable cavity is a drained cavity. Ideally, said ventilated cavity is a drained cavity. Ideally, the cavity definable through fixing of a fagade cladding to the panel has a width, said width being defined between the fagade cladding and the outer barrier layer or first layer. Ideally, the width of the cavity is at least 20 mm. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the wall panel is to be incorporated. In some embodiments, the cavity definable through fixing of a fagade cladding to the panel may be insulated with a non-combustible insulating material. Ideally, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is adjacent to the outside of the building. Ideally, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is locatable exterior to the first layer. Preferably, the facade cladding is fixable to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer of the wall panel. Ideally, the fagade cladding is fixable to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer using an outer fixing means. In other words, the wall panel may comprise an outer fixing means for fixing a fagade cladding thereto. Ideally, the outer fixing means comprises at least one fixing member. Ideally, the at least one fixing member comprises at least one batten. In other embodiments, the at least one fixing member comprises a bracket system, said bracket system being configured to fix the fagade cladding to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer. The outer fixing means may comprise at least one ventilation opening for ventilating the cavity that is definable through fixing of a fagade cladding to the wall panel. At least one fixing member of the outer fixing means may comprise at least one ventilation opening for ventilating the cavity that is definable through fixing of a fagade cladding to the wall panel. Ideally, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is a rainscreen fagade. Ideally, the rainscreen fagade, the at least one fixing member and the ventilated and drained cavity form a rainscreen fagade system. In other words, the wall panel, in use, may be configured to have a rainscreen fagade system mounted thereto. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is not made of masonry. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is formed from any suitable non-masonry cladding such as timber cladding or render board for example. Advantageously, the fapade cladding fixable to the wall panel being not made of masonry significantly reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. In other embodiments, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel comprises brick slips. Advantageously, the use of brick slips reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. Ideally, at least part of, or all of, the fagade cladding fixable to the wall panel is formed from a material that has been recycled and / or is recyclable and / or is configured to be an input material within a recycling process. Ideally, in use, the wall panel is arrangeable to be disposed between a fagade cladding and an inner lining thereto. Ideally, the wall panel is adaptable for retaining a rainscreen fagade system thereon. Ideally, the wall panel is adaptable for retaining an inner lining thereon. Ideally, in use, the wall panel is configured to have a fagade cladding fixed thereto via an outer fixing means and an inner lining fixed to the wall panel via the plurality of inner fixing members to form a wall panel assembly. Ideally, in use, the wall panel is configured to have a fagade cladding fixed thereto via an outer fixing means to define a cavity therebetween and an inner lining fixed to the wall panel via the plurality of inner fixing members to form a wall panel assembly. Ideally, in use, the wall panel is configured to have a rainscreen fagade system fixed thereto and an inner lining fixed to the wall panel via the plurality of inner fixing members to form a wall panel assembly, said wall panel assembly having a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of fabricating a wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly, the method comprising: providing a first layer of the wall panel, the first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; fixing a plurality of inner fixing members to the first layer of the wall panel such that a second layer is defined by the plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween, wherein the second layer is configurable to be a service zone; incorporating an outer barrier layer in the wall panel, wherein, in use in the wall panel assembly, the outer barrier layer is arranged to be exterior to the first layer; incorporating an inner barrier layer in the wall panel, the inner barrier layer being disposed between the first layer and the second layer of the wall panel; and filling the first set of voids with a non-combustible insulating material such that the first layer is a first insulated layer. The wall panel of the fifth aspect of the invention may comprise any of the features, components, arrangements or details as described in relation to the wall panel as described in the fourth aspect of the invention. Incorporating an outer barrier layer in the wall panel may comprise securing the outer barrier layer to the first layer of the wall panel. Securing the outer barrier layer to the first layer of the wall panel may comprise securing a sheathing board to the first layer of the wall panel. Securing the outer barrier layer to the first layer of the wall panel may comprise securing a membrane to the sheathing board and / or the first layer of the wall panel. Securing the outer barrier layer to the first layer of the wall panel may comprise securing a membrane to the sheathing board and / or the support frame of the wall panel. Incorporating an inner barrier layer in the wall panel may comprise securing the inner barrier layer to the first layer of the wall panel. The method may comprise attaching, to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer of the wall panel, an outer fixing means for fixing a fagade cladding to the wall panel. Optionally, the method may further comprise filling the second set of voids with a noncombustible insulating material such that the second layer is a second insulated layer. The outer fixing means may comprise at least one fixing member. The at least one fixing member comprises at least one batten. In other embodiments, the at least one fixing member comprises a bracket system, said bracket system being configured to fix the fagade cladding to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer. Ideally, the first layer comprises at least one base member. In preferred embodiments, the first layer comprises a single base member. Ideally, the single base member is a single sole plate. Advantageously, a single base member reduces the thermal bridging associated with the wall-floor junction and increases the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly comprising the panel. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members being a plurality of battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Preferably, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than 8%. More specifically, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than, or equal to 7.3%. Ideally, each batten of the plurality of battens is 35 mm in width. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members, and more particularly, the plurality of battens are arranged for mounting of an inner lining thereto. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members, and more particularly, the plurality of battens are operable as fixing points to which an inner lining can be mounted thereto. Ideally, the plurality of studs is a plurality of timber studs. Ideally, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than 7%. More specifically, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than, or equal to, 6.3%. According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of assembling a wall panel assembly, the method comprising: providing a prefabricated wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly, wherein the wall panel comprises: a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; wherein the first set of voids is filled with a non-combustible insulating material therein and the second set of voids are fillable with a non-combustible insulating material therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is functionable as a second insulated layer; and wherein the method further comprises fixing a fagade cladding to the wall panel to define a cavity between the wall panel and the fagade cladding. The step of fixing the wall panel to the fagade cladding may comprise fixing the fagade cladding to the wall panel via an outer fixing means. The method may further comprise filling the second layer with non-combustible insulating material such that the second layer is a second insulated layer. The method may further comprise fixing an inner lining to the first layer using the plurality of inner fixing members. Fixing an inner lining to the first layer using the plurality of inner fixing members may comprise fastening the inner lining to the plurality of inner fixing members. Fastening the inner lining to the plurality of inner fixing members may further comprise using mechanical fasteners (e.g. nails, screws) to fasten the inner lining to the plurality of inner fixing members. In preferred embodiments, the support frame is a timber support frame. Preferably, each stud of the plurality of studs has a width of at least 80 mm. More specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs may have a width of at least 140 mm. Yet even more specifically, each stud of the plurality of studs may be 140 mm in width. Ideally, each stud of the plurality of studs is 140 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly in which the panel is to be incorporated. Ideally, the plurality of studs is a plurality of timber studs. Ideally, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than 7%. More specifically, when the support frame is a timber support frame, the timber fraction of the first layer is less than, or equal to 6.3%. Ideally, the first layer comprises at least one base member. In preferred embodiments, the first layer comprises a single base member. Ideally, the single base member is a single sole plate. Advantageously, a single base member reduces the thermal bridging associated with the wall-floor junction and increases the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly comprising the panel. Ideally, the second layer is configured to be a service zone. Ideally, the second layer is a service zone. Preferably, the second layer is configurable to accommodate building services and equipment therefor, such as piping and wires. Ideally, said second layer being locatable interior to the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members comprising a plurality of battens. Ideally, the plurality of battens is a plurality of timber battens. Preferably, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than 8%. More specifically, the timber fraction of the second layer is less than, or equal to 7.3%. Ideally, each batten of the plurality of battens is 35 mm in width. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the wall panel comprises an inner barrier layer. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is disposed between the second layer and the first layer. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the inner barrier layer is configured to prevent passage of vapour from the inside of the building through to the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a membrane. Ideally, the inner barrier layer is an air and vapour control layer. Ideally, the membrane is an air and vapour control membrane. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to face towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to face towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the inner barrier layer comprises a first inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to be disposed towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface that is arrangeable, in use, to be disposed towards the outside of the building. Ideally, the second layer has a width, said width being defined between the inner barrier layer and the inner lining that is fixed to the first layer. Ideally, the second layer is locatable between the inner lining and the first layer. Ideally, the plurality of inner fixing members is configurable to be a means for fixing an inner lining to the first layer. Preferably, the inner lining may comprise any suitable lining material, such as plasterboard. Ideally, the wall panel comprises an outer barrier layer. Preferably, the outer barrier layer is adjacent to the first layer. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a membrane and / or a sheathing board. In some embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from Oriented Strand Board (OSB) sheeting. In other embodiments, the sheathing board is formable from a non-combustible building board. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be weather resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be fire retardant. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be water resistant. Ideally, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. Ideally, the outer barrier layer comprises a heat reflective element. More specifically, at least part of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the at least part of the outer barrier layer comprising the heat reflective element is the membrane. Ideally, the membrane of the outer barrier layer comprises the heat reflective element. Ideally, the heat reflective element comprises a metallised surface. Preferably, the metallised surface is locatable on the membrane. Advantageously, the heat reflective element of the outer barrier layer, and in particular the membrane mitigates heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is vapour permeable. Preferably, at least part of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. Preferably, the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight. In preferred embodiments, the width of the second layer is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. Ideally, the width of the second set of voids is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. By width of the second set of voids here, we mean said width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance equivalent to or more than 4.375 m2K / W. More specifically, the support frame and the first set of voids comprising the non-combustible insulating material locatable therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Ideally, the second insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. More specifically, in use in a wall panel assembly the plurality of inner fixing members and the second set of voids filled with non-combustible insulating material therein contributes to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. Ideally, the outer fixing means comprises at least one fixing member. Ideally, the at least one fixing member comprises at least one batten. In other embodiments, the at least one fixing member comprises a bracket system, said bracket system being configured to fix the fagade cladding to the outer barrier layer and / or the first layer. The outer fixing means may comprise at least one ventilation opening for ventilating the cavity that is definable through fixing of a fagade cladding to the wall panel. Ideally, the fagade cladding is a rainscreen fagade. Ideally, the rainscreen fagade, the at least one fixing member and the ventilated and drained cavity form a rainscreen fagade system. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding is not made of masonry. In some embodiments, the fagade cladding is formed from any suitable non-masonry cladding such as timber cladding or render board for example. Advantageously, the fagade cladding being not made of masonry significantly reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. In other embodiments, the fagade cladding comprises brick slips. Advantageously, the use of brick slips reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonry-based walls. Ideally, at least part of, or all of, the fagade cladding is formed from a material that has been recycled and / or is recyclable and / or is configured to be an input material within a recycling process. In preferred embodiments, said cavity is a ventilated cavity. More specifically, said cavity is a slightly ventilated or fully ventilated cavity. Ideally, said wall panel assembly comprises at least one ventilation opening. Ideally, said wall panel assembly comprises a plurality of ventilation openings. Ideally, said at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Ideally, each ventilation opening of the at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Ideally, each ventilation opening of the plurality of ventilation openings is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity. Ideally, the cavity has a width, said width being defined between the fagade cladding and the outer barrier layer or first layer. Ideally, the width of the cavity is at least 20 mm. By width here, we mean the width is measured in the direction from the inside of the building to the outside of the building and said width being measured in a direction that is perpendicular to the vertical plane of the wall panel assembly. In some embodiments, the cavity may be insulated with a non-combustible insulating material. Ideally, the wall panel assembly is a thermally efficient wall panel assembly. More specifically, the configuration of the wall panel assembly provides the wall panel assembly with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. Ideally, in embodiments where the cavity is a fully ventilated cavity, the configuration of the wall panel assembly provides the wall panel assembly with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. Ideally, the inner lining has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.079 m2K / W. Ideally, the inner lining has a thermal resistance equivalent to, or more than, 0.079 m2K / W. Ideally, the fagade cladding has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.035 m2K / W. According to a seventh aspect of the invention, there is provided a building comprising: a wall panel a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween; a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween; wherein the first set of voids is filled with a non-combustible insulating material therein and the second set of voids are fillable with a non-combustible insulating material therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is functionable as a second insulated layer. The wall panel of the seventh aspect of the invention may comprise any of the features, components, arrangements or details as described in relation to the wall panel as described in the fourth aspect of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Examples of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- Figure 1 is a partial cross-section view of an example of the wall panel assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the invention as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness. The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the invention. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the invention is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In Figure 1, there is shown a non-limiting example of a wall panel assembly, generally indicated by reference numeral 1, of a building wherein the wall panel assembly 1 has: a first layer 10 having a support frame 11, wherein the support frame 11 has a plurality of studs 12, said plurality of studs 12 being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween 13; a second layer 20 configured to be a service zone, wherein the second layer 20 has a plurality of inner fixing members 21, said plurality of inner fixing members 21 being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween 22; a fagade cladding 30; and a cavity 40 located between the first layer 10 and the fagade cladding 30, wherein the first set of voids 13 and second set of voids 22 each have a non-combustible insulating material 50 located therein such that the first layer 10 is a first insulated layer 10 and the second layer 20 is a second insulated layer 20. The building is a prefabricated building. The building may be a modular prefabricated building. The building may be a prefabricated panelised building. The first layer 10 and the second layer 20 may collectively be regarded as forming at least part of a wall panel to which the fagade cladding 30 is fixable to form the wall panel assembly, as will be later described. In the non-limiting example shown in Figure 1, the support frame 11 is a timber support frame 11. Each stud 12 of the plurality of studs 12 is 140 mm in width. The plurality of studs 12 is a plurality of timber studs 12. In the non-limiting example shown, the timber fraction of the first layer 10 is less than, or equal to 6.3%. In the non-limiting example shown each stud 12 of the plurality of studs 12 is 140 mm in width and may have dimensions of 140 mm x 38 mm, said studs being spaced apart at 600 centres. The wall panel assembly 1 is erected on a building component 60. More specifically, the first layer 10 is erected on the building component 60. The wall panel assembly 1 is fixed to the building using a bracket assembly (not shown). The building component 60, may, for example, be a cavity foundation rising wall 60, however the skilled person will readily understand that other building components fall within the scope of the present invention. The first layer 10 has a single sole plate 14. In use, a single sole plate 14 reduces the thermal bridging associated with the wall-floor junction and increases the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly 1. The second layer 20 is configured to accommodate services, such as piping and wires. The second layer 20 is located interior to the first layer 10. By interior to, we mean that the second layer 20 is located closer to the occupiable space of the building. The plurality of inner fixing members 21 being a plurality of battens 21. The plurality of battens 21 is a plurality of timber battens 21. In the non-limiting example shown, the timber fraction of the second layer 20 is less than 8%. More specifically, the timber fraction of the second layer 20 is less than, or equal to 7.3%. In the non-limiting example shown each batten of the plurality of battens 21 is 35 mm in width and may have dimensions of 35 mm x 44 mm, said battens being spaced apart at 600 centres. The wall panel assembly 1 has an inner lining 70. The inner lining 70 being interior to the second layer 20. The inner lining 70 has a first inner lining surface 71 facing towards the second layer 20 and a second inner lining surface 72 facing towards the inside of the building. The inner lining 70 is adjacent to the second layer 20. The second layer 20 is disposed between the inner lining 70 and the first layer 10. The plurality of inner fixing members 21 is configured to fix the inner lining 70 to the first layer 10. The inner lining 70 is fixed to the first layer 10 using the plurality of inner fixing members 21. In particular, the inner lining 70 can be fastened to the plurality of inner fixing members 21 using mechanical fasteners (e.g. nails, screws). It will therefore be understood that the inner lining 70 is fixable to the wall panel. The inner lining 70 may be formed from any suitable lining material, such as plasterboard. The inner lining 70 has a width of at least 12.5 mm. The wall panel assembly 1 has an inner barrier layer 80. The inner barrier layer 80 forms part of the wall panel of the wall panel assembly 1. The inner barrier layer 80 is disposed between the second layer 20 and the first layer 10. The inner barrier layer 80 is configured to be airtight. The inner barrier layer 80 is configured to prevent passage of vapour from the inside of the building through to the outside of the building. The inner barrier layer 80 is a membrane 80. The inner barrier layer 80 is an air and vapour control layer 80. The membrane 80 is an air and vapour control membrane 80. The inner barrier layer 80 has a first inner barrier layer surface 81 facing towards the inside of the building and a second inner barrier layer surface 82 facing towards the outside of the building. The second layer 20 has a width, said width being defined between the inner barrier layer 80 and the inner lining 70. More specifically, the width of the second layer 20 is defined as the distance between the first inner barrier layer surface 81 and the first inner lining surface 71. In the example shown, the width of the second layer 20 is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. In use, the width of the second layer 20 being equivalent to or less than 35 mm maximises the useable living space of the building. By maximising the useable living space of the building, we mean that, where a building has the wall panel assembly 1 according to the present invention, the occupiable space is greater. In prior art solutions, larger widths such as 45 mm and upwards are stipulated, however this reduces the occupiable room space. Furthermore, in use, the second layer 20 of the wall panel assembly 1 having a width being equivalent to or less than 35 mm, in conjunction with the first layer 10 being a first insulated layer 10 and the second layer 20 being a second insulated layer 20 maximises the useable living space of the building and also provides a thermally efficient wall panel assembly 1. The width of the second set of voids 22 is equivalent to or less than 35 mm. The wall panel assembly 1 has an outer barrier layer 90. The outer barrier layer 90 forms part of the wall panel. The outer barrier layer 90 is disposed between the first layer 10 and the cavity 40. The outer barrier layer 90 is adjacent to the first layer 10. In the non-limiting example shown, the outer barrier layer 90 is a membrane 91 and a sheathing board 92. In one non-limiting example, the sheathing board 92 is formed from Oriented Standard Board (OSB) sheeting. In another example, the sheathing board 92 may be formed from a non-combustible building board. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be weather resistant. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be weather resistant. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be fire retardant. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be fire retardant. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be water resistant. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be water resistant. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be heat reflective. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective. The outer barrier layer 90 has a heat reflective surface (not shown). At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 has the heat reflective surface. The at least part of the outer barrier layer 90 having the heat reflective surface is the membrane 91. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 has the heat reflective surface. Ideally, the heat reflective surface is a metallised surface. The metallised surface is located on the membrane 91. In use, the heat reflective surface of the outer barrier layer 90, and in particular the membrane 91 mitigates heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly 1 thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly 1. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is vapour permeable. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 is vapour permeable. At least part of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be airtight. The membrane 91 of the outer barrier layer 90 is configured to be airtight. In use, the airtight and heat reflective properties of the at least part of the outer barrier layer 90 cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly 1, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the outer barrier layer 90 and therefore the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly 1. Furthermore, in use, the airtight and heat reflective properties of the at least part of the outer barrier layer 90 work in conjunction with the first insulated layer 10 and the second insulated layer 20 to cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly 1 thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the wall panel assembly 1. The cavity 40 is located between the outer barrier layer 90 and the fagade cladding 30. The cavity 40 is adjacent to the outer barrier layer 90. The cavity 40 is adjacent to the outer barrier layer 90 and to the fagade cladding 30. In the non-limiting example shown, the cavity 40 is a ventilated cavity 40. More specifically, said cavity may be a slightly ventilated or fully ventilated cavity 40. The wall panel assembly 1 has at least one ventilation opening (not shown). The at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity 40. Each ventilation opening of the at least one ventilation opening is in fluid communication with the ventilated cavity 40. The at least one ventilation opening of the wall panel assembly 1 has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1. By total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1, we mean that, for a metre length of wall panel assembly 1, the sum of the surface areas of each ventilation opening located in said metre length of wall panel assembly 1 provides the total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1. By per metre length of wall panel assembly 1, we mean per metre run of the wall panel assembly in the horizontal direction. The at least one ventilation opening of the wall panel assembly 1 has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly greater than 500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly 1. By slightly ventilated cavity 40, we mean that the at least one ventilation opening has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1 greater than 500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly 1, but less than 1500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly 1. By fully ventilated cavity 40, we mean than the at least one ventilation opening has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1 greater than 1500 mm2 per metre length of wall panel assembly 1. In other embodiments, the cavity 40 is an unventilated cavity 40. By unventilated cavity 40, we mean that that the at least one ventilation opening has a total surface area per metre length of wall panel assembly 1 less than or equal to 500 mm2 per metre length. The fagade cladding 30 is adjacent to the outside of the building. The fagade cladding 30 is located exterior to the first layer 10. The fagade cladding 30 is fixed to the outer barrier layer 90 and / or the first layer 10. The fagade cladding 30 is fixed to the outer barrier layer 90 and / or the support frame 11 using at least one batten 31, albeit it will be readily understood by the skilled person that other fixing arrangements fall within the scope of the present invention, such as a bracket system, for example. The fagade cladding 30 may be a rainscreen fagade 30. If so, the rainscreen fagade 30, the at least one fixing member 31 and the ventilated and drained cavity 40 form a rainscreen fagade system. In the non-limiting example shown, the fagade cladding 30 is not made of masonry and is formed from any suitable non-masonry cladding such as timber cladding or render board for example. In use, the fapade cladding 30 being not made of masonry significantly reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonrybased walls. In other examples, the fagade cladding 30 is brick slips, the use of which reduces the embodied carbon of the building relative to buildings constructed with traditional masonrybased walls. At least part of or all of the fagade cladding 30 is formed from a material that has been recycled and / or is recyclable and / or is configured to be an input material within a recycling process. The fagade cladding 30 has a width, wherein the width of the fagade cladding 30 has a minimum width of 8 mm. The fagade cladding 30 may be an insulated fagade cladding 30. At least part of the wall panel assembly 1 is prefabricated. The wall panel comprising the first layer 10 and the second layer 20, is prefabricated off-site. The wall panel of the wall panel assembly 1 can be prefabricated off-site such that it is deliverable with the inner barrier layer 80 and the outer barrier layer 90 already incorporated therein. The outer fixing means, e.g. the at least one batten 31 as shown in the non-limiting of Figure 1, may form part of the prefabricated wall panel, or, alternatively, the outer fixing means may be fixed to the prefabricated wall panel on-site after delivery of the prefabricated wall panel for subsequent assembly of the wall panel assembly 1 on-site. In the non-limiting example shown, the first set of voids 13 is filled with non-combustible insulation 50 off-site to form the first insulated layer 10. The second set of voids 22 may be filled with non-combustible insulation 50 on-site to form the second insulated layer 20. More specifically, the second set of voids 22 may be filled with non-combustible insulation 50 on-site after installation of services on site, such as plumbing and cabling for example. In use, this minimises the work required on site, thereby enabling rapid assembly of the building. However, it will be readily understood by the skilled person that the second set of voids 22 may instead be filled off-site, before or after installation of the services or parts thereof off-site, such that the on-site work required is further minimised. In use, the prefabrication of at least part of the wall panel assembly 1 enables rapid installation of the wall panel assembly 1 on-site and thus rapid assembly of the building. Furthermore, in use the prefabrication and filling of first insulated layer 10 off-site minimises the required labour on-site thereby significantly reducing the time required for completion of a building. The wall panel assembly 1 is configured to form part of a building. The wall panel assembly 1 is configured to form part of a prefabricated building. The wall panel assembly 1 may be connected to at least one or more wall panel assemblies 1 to form at least part of the building. The wall panel assembly 1 is configured to retard the spread of fire. In use, the wall panel assembly 1 is configured to retard the spread of fire from the inside of the building to the outside of the building. In the non-limiting example shown, the non-combustible insulating material 50 is mineral wool, glass wool or rock wool. The wall panel assembly 1 is a thermally efficient wall panel assembly 1. More specifically, the configuration of the wall panel assembly 1 provides the wall panel assembly 1 with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. In embodiments where the cavity is a fully ventilated cavity, the configuration of the wall panel assembly 1 provides the wall panel assembly 1 with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. In use, the configuration of the first insulated layer and second insulated layer, in conjunction with the fagade cladding and fully ventilated conjunction enable the wall panel assembly with a fully ventilated cavity to have a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K. The first insulated layer 10 has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. More specifically, the support frame 11 and the first set of voids 13 having the non-combustible insulating material 50 located therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. Even more specifically, the support frame 11 having a single sole plate and the first set of voids 13 having the non-combustible insulating material 50 located therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W. The second insulated layer 20 has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. More specifically, the plurality of inner fixing members 21 and the second set of voids 22 having the non-combustible insulating material 50 located therein contribute to the average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W. The inner lining 70 has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.079 m2K / W. The fagade cladding 30 has a minimum thermal resistance of 0.035 m2K / W. There is also provided a method of assembling a building having the wall panel assembly 1, wherein the method comprises: prefabricating at least one wall panel assembly 1 in an off-site location, wherein the at least one wall panel assembly 1 having a first layer 10 having a support frame 11, wherein the support frame 11 has a plurality of studs 12, said plurality of studs 12 being spaced apart to define a first set of voids 13 therebetween; a second layer 20 configured to be a service zone, wherein the second layer 20 has a plurality of inner fixing members 21, said plurality of inner fixing members 21 being spaced apart to define a second set of voids 22 therebetween; a fagade cladding 30; and a cavity 40 located between the first layer 10 and the fagade cladding 30; filling the first set of voids 13 with a non-combustible insulating material 40; transporting the prefabricated at least one wall panel 1 assembly to an on-site location; and filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50. Filling the first set of voids 13 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the off-site location. Filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the on-site location. Alternatively, filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the off-site location. The method may have a step of erecting the at least one wall panel assembly 1 to form a part of the building. The method may have a step of installing services within the second layer 20 prior to filling of the second set of voids with the non-combustible insulating material 50. In use, prefabrication of the wall panel assembly 1 in an off-site location drastically reduces the time required for assembling the building on-site and significantly reduces the manual labour required on-site. There is also provided a method of assembling a building having the wall panel assembly 1, wherein the method comprises: prefabricating at least one wall panel assembly 1 in an off-site location or a part of the at least one wall panel assembly 1, wherein the at least one wall panel assembly 1 having a first layer 10 having a support frame 11, wherein the support frame 11 has a plurality of studs 12, said plurality of studs 12 being spaced apart to define a first set of voids 13 therebetween; a second layer 20 configured to be a service zone, wherein the second layer 20 has a plurality of inner fixing members 21, said plurality of inner fixing members 21 being spaced apart to define a second set of voids 22 therebetween; a fagade cladding 30; and a cavity 40 located between the first layer 10 and the fagade cladding 30; filling the first set of voids 13 with a non-combustible insulating material 40; transporting the prefabricated at least one wall panel assembly 1 or the part of the at least one wall panel assembly 1 to an on-site location; and filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50. Filling the first set of voids 13 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the off-site location. Filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the on-site location. Alternatively, filling the second set of voids 22 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 may be conducted in the off-site location. The method may have a step of erecting the at least one wall panel assembly 1 to form a part of the building. The method may have a step of installing services within the second layer 20 prior to filling of the second set of voids with the non-combustible insulating material 50. In use, prefabrication of the wall panel assembly 1 in an off-site location drastically reduces the time required for assembling the building on-site and significantly reduces the manual labour required on-site. There is also provided a method of fabricating a wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly 1, the method comprising: providing a first layer 10 of the wall panel, the first layer 10 having a support frame 11, wherein the support frame 11 comprises a plurality of studs 12, said plurality of studs 12 being spaced apart to define a first set of voids 13 therebetween; fixing a plurality of inner fixing members 21 to the first layer 10 of the wall panel such that a second layer 20 is defined by the plurality of inner fixing members 21, said plurality of inner fixing members 21 being spaced apart to define a second set of voids 22therebetween, wherein the second layer 20 is configurable to be a service zone; incorporating an outer barrier layer 90 in the wall panel, wherein, in use in the wall panel assembly 1, the outer barrier layer 80 is arranged to be exterior to the first layer 10; incorporating an inner barrier layer 80 in the wall panel, the inner barrier layer 80 being disposed between the first layer 10 and the second layer 20 of the wall panel; and filling the first set of voids 13 with a non-combustible insulating material 50 such that the first layer 10 is a first insulated layer 10. To assemble the wall panel assembly 1, the fagade cladding 30 may be fixed to the wall panel to define a cavity 40 between the wall panel and the fagade cladding 30. The skilled person will appreciate that all preferred or optional features of the invention described with reference to only some aspects or embodiments of the invention may be applied to all aspects of the invention. It will be appreciated that optional features applicable to one aspect of the invention can be used in any combination, and in any number. Moreover, they can also be used with any of the other aspects of the invention in any combination and in any number. This includes, but is not limited to, the dependent claims from any claim being used as dependent claims for any other claim in the claims of this application. In relation to the detailed description of the different embodiments of the invention, it will be understood that one or more technical features of one embodiment can be used in combination with one or more technical features of any other embodiment where the transferred use of the one or more technical features would be immediately apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art to carry out a similar function in a similar way on the other embodiment. The features disclosed in the foregoing description or the following drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing a disclosed function, or a method or a process of attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may separately, or in any combination of such features be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.

Claims

1. A wall panel assembly of a building, said wall panel assembly comprising:a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween;a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween;a fagade cladding; anda cavity locatable between the first layer and the fagade cladding,wherein the first set of voids and second set of voids each comprise a noncombustible insulating material locatable therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer, and the second layer is a second insulated layer.

2. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first layer comprises a single base member.

3. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein the single base member is a single sole plate.

4. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the support frame is a timber support frame.

5. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein the timber fraction of the first layer is less than 7%.

6. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of innerfixing members is a plurality of timber battens.

7. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any claim 6, wherein the timber fraction of the second layer is less than 8%.

8. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the wall panel assembly comprises an outer barrier layer.

9. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein the outer barrier layer comprises a membrane and / or a sheathing board.

10. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the outer barrier layer comprises a heat reflective element.

11. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein the heat reflective element comprises a metallised surface.

12. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be airtight.

13. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein the airtight nature and heat reflective element of the membrane cooperatively mitigate heat loss to the external area outside of the wall panel assembly.

14. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the membrane is vapour permeable.

15. A wall panel as assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said cavity is a cavity is a ventilated cavity.

16. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 15, wherein the ventilated cavity is a slightly ventilated or fully ventilated cavity.

17. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first set of voids is filled with the non-combustible insulation off-site to form the first insulated layer.

18. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second set of voids is filled with the non-combustible insulation on-site to form the second insulated layer.

19. A wall panel assembly, as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the fagade cladding is formed from any suitable non-masonry cladding such as timber cladding or render board.

20. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the fagade cladding comprises brick slips.

21. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the configuration of the wall panel assembly provides the wall panel assembly with a U-value equivalent to or below 0.18 W / m2K.

22. A wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 21, wherein the first insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 4.375 m2K / W and the second insulated layer has an average weighted thermal resistance of at least 0.857 m2K / W.

23. A wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least part of the wall panel assembly is prefabricated off-site.

24. A building comprising the wall panel assembly as claimed in any preceding claim.

25. A building as claimed in claim 24, wherein at least part of the building is prefabricated.

26. A building as claimed in any claim 24 or claim 25, wherein the building is a panelisedbuilding.

27. A method of assembling a wall panel assembly, the method comprising:providing a prefabricated wall panel for use in a wall panel assembly, wherein the wall panel comprises:a first layer comprising a support frame, wherein the support frame comprises a plurality of studs, said plurality of studs being spaced apart to define a first set of voids therebetween;a second layer configurable to be a service zone, wherein the second layer comprises a plurality of inner fixing members, said plurality of inner fixing members being spaced apart to define a second set of voids therebetween;wherein the first set of voids is filled with a non-combustible insulating material therein and the second set of voids are fillable with a non-combustible insulating material therein such that the first layer is a first insulated layer and the second layer is functionable as a second insulated layer;wherein the method further comprises fixing a fagade cladding to the wall panel to define a cavity between the wall panel and the fagade cladding.

28. A method of assembling a wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 27, wherein the method comprises filling the second layer with non-combustible insulating material such that the second layer is a second insulated layer.

29. A method of assembling a wall panel assembly as claimed in claim 27 or claim 28, wherein the wall panel comprises:an outer barrier layer, the outer barrier layer comprising a membrane and a sheathing board; andan inner barrier layer;wherein the membrane of the outer barrier layer is configured to be heat reflective.

30. A method of assembling a wall panel assembly as claimed in any one of claims 27 to29, wherein the cavity is a ventilated cavity.IntellectualPropertyOfficeApplication GB2508423.7Search report under Section 17 of the Patents Act 1977Date search completed: 26 November 2025Claims searched: 1-30International classificationSubclass and subgroup Valid from E04B2 / 28 01 / 01 / 2006 E04B2 / 42 01 / 01 / 2006 E04B2 / 74 01 / 01 / 2006 E04B2 / 80 01 / 01 / 2006Field of searchWorldwide search of patent documents classified in the following areas of the IPC:E04BDatabases used in the preparation of this search report:SEARCH-PATENTDocuments considered to be relevantPatent literatureCategory Relevant Document of relevanceclaimsX 1-30 DE 19962088 A1 (NAUMANN), See whole document, especially column 12 line 54 to column 13 line 15 and the figures. X 1-30 US 6122867 A (SAINT GOBAIN), See whole document, especially column 4 line 57 to column 5 line 4 and the figures. X 1-30 EP 3988731 A1 (LAING OROURKE PLC), See whole document, especially paragraphs 29-32 and the figures. X 1-30 CN 105804289 A (HANGZHOU HELEI IND CO LTD), See whole document, especially the abstract and figures.Non-patent literatureCategory Relevant claims Document of relevanceCategoriesLetter or DescriptionsymbolX Document indicating lack of novelty or inventive step.Document indicating lack of inventive step, if combined with another document of the same category.Letter or symbol Description & Member of the same patent family. A Document indicating technological background. P Document published on or after the priority date but before the fling date of the present application. E Earlier application published on or after the filing date of the present application.

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