Housing structure and construction method of housing structure

Abstract

To provide a housing structure which is a housing structure using a timber framework method, which maintains high intensity, high airtightness and high heat insulation property required for a wooden house, and which can cope with an SI housing, and to provide a construction method of the housing structure.SOLUTION: In a housing structure 1, a portion is provided, at an outer peripheral part 3, where a bundle column 51, a combination beam 61 and two walls 71 including a load bearing structure when viewed from a thickness direction are formed, and the outer peripheral part 3 has a load bearing structure with high intensity and has strength. Inside a housing, the number of installation places of bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6 and the like is reduced. Thus, the degree of freedom and the number of choices can be increased regarding the use of the bearing walls, the columns 5, the beams 6 and the like, to make available a space without the restriction on the position of partition walls of the room. In addition, each of walls 7 formed by two or more pieces arranged in the outer peripheral part 3 includes a heat insulation function, and has high airtightness. By utilizing the thickness of a heat insulation material 72 which has heat insulation performance double or more the heat insulation performance of a housing structure comprising one piece of wall 7, a plurality of performances necessary for a building such as high intensity, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness, and high heat insulation property are simultaneously achieved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a housing structure and a construction method for the housing structure, and more particularly to a housing structure formed by a framework construction method and capable of handling skeleton-infill (SI) and a construction method for the housing structure. [Background technology]

[0002] Known conventional methods for constructing wooden houses are the framework method and the frame wall method. The conventional framework method is called, for example, the post and beam method, and is a method in which the framework of the building is made up of foundations, columns, beams, diagonal braces, etc., and the load of the upper structure such as the roof and floor is guided vertically mainly by the columns and transmitted to the foundation or base.

[0003] Such a frame construction method is known to have the advantage that materials can be selected according to the placement of openings such as entrances and windows and the load of the superstructure, and that design can be carried out relatively freely (see, for example, Patent Document 1, etc.).

[0004] In the framework construction method, the rectangular wall space formed by assembling timber is braced with diagonal braces to withstand the vertical load caused by the weight of the building and the horizontal load caused by earthquakes and strong winds. In this construction method, long pieces of timber with a large cross section and a roughly square shape are often used as the timber columns.

[0005] On the other hand, frame wall construction methods, which are known, for example, as the two-by-four method or platform frame method, involve joining wooden columns vertically and horizontally to form a floor framework that serves as the framework for a building, and then nailing structural plywood and the like to this framework to form a wall framework consisting of load-bearing walls (see, for example, Patent Document 2, etc.).

[0006] Such floor and wall framing is known to have the advantage that it can be mass-produced as standardized products without using expensive materials or components, and is also easy to install on-site. The wood used in this construction method can be any wood that can be used as a frame when nailing structural plywood, etc., and for example, short rectangular lumber with a small cross section is used.

[0007] Comparing these construction methods, in terms of space, the post and beam method is composed of an "axis (line)" and the framed wall method is composed of a "plate (surface)". The structures that give rigidity to the floors, walls, etc. are thought to be "braces, fire beams, and fire bases" in the post and beam method, and "structural plywood" in the framed wall method. The wood used in the post and beam method includes large cross-section, long materials (through columns) that are mainly square, while the framed wall method includes mainly small cross-section, short materials. The construction process is thought to be "first and second floor axis, floor, truss" in the post and beam method, and "first floor floor, first floor wall, second floor floor, second floor wall, shed (step work, etc.)" in the framed wall method.

[0008] Focusing on the conventional framework construction, as mentioned above, the framework construction is a construction method that is supported mainly by the framework such as pillars and beams, and since there are fewer walls to be given strength compared to the frame construction, it is a construction method with a relatively high degree of freedom in design. In order to ensure earthquake resistance, as mentioned above, the framework construction method often uses diagonal members such as braces, fire beams, and fire foundations, and has a high degree of freedom in design.

[0009] In the framework construction method, the necessary bearing walls are installed based on the standards set forth in the Building Standards Act to resist vertical loads as well as earthquake and wind forces, but it is common to install bearing walls on the outer perimeter as much as possible, and install any shortfalls on the inner walls. However, when openings such as windows and entrances necessary for lighting and ventilation are provided on the outer perimeter walls, there are cases where the amount of bearing walls required by the Building Standards Act falls short, and it becomes necessary to install additional inner walls to make up for the shortfall.

[0010] On the other hand, in order to ensure utilization needs and legal standards regarding the lighting area, etc., it is desirable to have openings of a size and placement that allows for flexibility; however, in the case of outer walls, ensuring the necessary amount of load-bearing wall results in many restrictions on the size and placement of openings, and in the case of interior walls, there are many restrictions on the size and shape of rooms, partitions, column placement, etc.

[0011] In this way, there is often an incompatible relationship between ensuring the strength of a building by increasing the amount of necessary load-bearing walls and freely installing partitions, openings, etc., and even if both the outer walls and interior walls meet the minimum earthquake-resistant wall amount stipulated by the Building Standards Act, the buildings tend to have no margin of safety.

[0012] In addition, for buildings constructed using frame construction, many technologies have been devised for the load-bearing walls that are specialized for earthquake resistance, but there is a demand for technological proposals that address social issues, such as strengthening the structure of the entire building through the rational use of wood, extending the lifespan of structures, so-called Skeleton-Infill (SI) that enables sustainable long-term use, and sustainable buildings that extend the lifespan before reconstruction and reduce life cycle costs.

[0013] In light of this, there has been a demand in recent years for the development and popularization of the aforementioned SI housing, which has long-term durability while allowing for variability in living space. Here, the skeleton in SI housing refers to the structural parts of the house, such as the pillars and beams, and the infill refers to the layout and interior of the house.

[0014] SI housing is a housing with a structure in which the skeleton and infill are separated, the skeleton is constructed to be highly strong to ensure long-term durability, and the layout, interior, etc. can be changed. SI housing is a housing that can be lived in for a long time, and can be relatively easily remodeled to suit the changes in the residents' lifestyles and family structures, or to meet the diverse needs of the residents.

[0015] In addition, in recent years, there has been an increase in skeleton reforms that leave the structure intact, and insulation renovations aimed at improving insulation performance, and there is a demand for the development and popularization of so-called highly airtight and insulated houses that have improved airtightness and insulation, energy savings, and comfort. In addition, various houses using wood panel construction methods have been developed and provided that combine SI with high strength, high airtightness, and high insulation. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0016] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-270073 [Patent Document 2] JP 2002-294769 A DISCLOSURE OF THEINVENTION [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0017] The development and popularization of houses that combine SI with high airtightness and high insulation is required not only for houses constructed using panel construction methods, but also for houses constructed using wooden frame construction methods. However, for wooden frame houses, it has been difficult to respond to skeleton-infill housing that can meet the needs of flexible floor plans, the number and arrangement of openings, long-term use, etc. while maintaining high strength, high airtightness, and high insulation and ensuring high earthquake resistance.

[0018] In Japan, an earthquake-prone country, the earthquake resistance and structural issues of wooden houses become apparent every time a major earthquake occurs, and there is a demand for reviewing structural standards and optimizing construction methods. In addition, in order to address the social issue of preventing global warming in construction in recent years and to reduce energy consumption, the insulation standards for energy-saving houses have been reviewed and systems and standards have been revised to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2), and further energy conservation and improved insulation performance are required in houses as well.

[0019] In addition, from the perspective of effective use of wood, resource conservation, sustainable building techniques that allow long-term use, and a review of the life cycle costs of buildings, there is a need for measures to improve the durability of housing structures and extend the life cycle of buildings. In order to respond to these times and social demands, there is a demand for new housing structures with high strength and high airtightness in the field of frame construction homes, which are the most widely built wooden homes, as well as homes with high insulation performance that can extend the lifespan before they need to be rebuilt.

[0020] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a housing structure and a construction method for a housing structure using a wooden frame construction method, which maintains the high strength, high airtightness, and high insulation required of a wooden house, and is also suitable for skeleton-infill housing. [Means for solving the problem]

[0021] In order to solve the above problems, the housing structure according to the present invention comprises: A residential structure consisting of a wooden frame structure with walls, pillars, and beams, Among the columns in the outer periphery, columns arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns each comprising a plurality of square columns; The beams arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery include a joint beam, The wall arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure, Each of said walls has a thermal insulation function. It is characterized by:

[0022] The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention, The wall having the load-bearing structure arranged on the outer periphery includes a portion formed of two walls, an inner outer periphery wall and an outer outer periphery wall, The inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall each have a load-bearing structure and a heat-insulating function.

[0023] The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention, The pillars arranged at the corners of the outer periphery are bundled pillars consisting of a total of four pillars, two by two.

[0024] The housing structure according to the present invention is the above-mentioned present invention, The present invention is characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams and the two or more walls are each arranged in such a manner that the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.0. Wall amount sufficiency rate=(existing wall amount / required wall amount)>1.0 …… (X)

[0025] The method for constructing a housing structure according to the present invention is a method for constructing the housing structure according to the present invention described above, The construction is characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls are each constructed so that their portions are formed of walls having load-bearing structures, so that the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting earthquake forces and the wall volume fulfillment rate for resisting wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.0. Wall amount sufficiency rate=(existing wall amount / required wall amount)>1.0 …… (X) Effect of the Invention

[0026] The housing structure according to the present invention is provided with a high-strength load-bearing structure on the outer periphery by providing a portion formed of bundled columns, joint beams, and load-bearing walls (two walls with load-bearing structure) formed of two or more sheets when viewed in the thickness direction. With this structure, the outer periphery of the building, which is prone to deterioration and damage, is made into a so-called (semi-)monocoque structure that forms a strong and integrated outer shell against earthquake forces and wind pressure from the outside, and by forming a lattice-like structural grid inside to ensure strength, it becomes possible to concentrate the load-bearing structure on the outer periphery. As a result, the housing structure according to the present invention is strong, and can reduce the installation locations of load-bearing walls, columns, beams, etc. inside the house, and can increase the freedom and options for using members such as load-bearing walls, columns, beams, etc., which can utilize the space in a wide range without restricting the position of partition walls in the rooms.

[0027] In addition, the housing structure of the present invention has two or more walls arranged around the perimeter, each of which has insulating properties, making it highly airtight. By utilizing the thickness of the insulating material which is twice or more the thickness of the insulating material compared to the insulating performance of a normal housing structure consisting of a single wall, it is possible to create a housing structure which simultaneously achieves multiple performance requirements for a building, such as high strength, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness and high insulation, and which meets the standards of the "Ministry Ordinance Prescribing Energy Consumption Performance Standards for Buildings, etc." in a wide range of regions from cold to hot and warm climates, as well as the HEAT20 high insulation standard, which is the higher insulation standard set by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

[0028] The construction method of the housing structure of the present invention is a method of constructing the housing structure of the present invention described above, in which the parts formed of two walls equipped with bundle columns, beams and load-bearing structures are arranged so that the wall volume fulfillment rate against earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate against wind pressure, as determined by formula (X), each exceed 1.0, as defined in the Building Standards Act. This construction method therefore advantageously achieves the effects described above. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. [Diagram 2]FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a house structure having a wooden frame construction. [Figure 4] A diagram showing an example of a bundled column and a matching beam. [Diagram 5] A diagram showing the state in which the bundled column and the matching beam are joined. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an outer peripheral wall. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an application example of a housing structure according to the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing another application example of the housing structure according to the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. [Figure 15] 13A and 13B are diagrams showing other examples of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] Hereinafter, one embodiment of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention will be described.

[0031] (I) General structure of post-and-beam construction houses1: 1 to 3 are perspective views showing one embodiment of a residential structure 1 made of a wooden frame structure, with Fig. 1 showing a state in which part of the sheathing boards N of the roof 27 has been removed, Fig. 2 showing a state in which the roof 27 has been removed, and Fig. 3 showing a state in which the roof 27 has been moved up to show the part covered by the roof 27. Note that Figs. 1 to 3 show a two-story residential structure 1 as an example, and for the sake of convenience in explanation, Fig. 1 omits part of the internal structure to show the "structural grid". Also, although it is common to all the figures including Figs. 1 to 3, not all of the members that are placed are given reference numerals.

[0032] Generally, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, a residential structure 1 made of a wooden framework is constructed by first forming pillars 5, beams 6, etc. from predetermined (wooden) square timbers to constitute a wooden framework 2 including a floor truss 21 and a roof truss 22, and then fixing predetermined boards (board materials) as wall panels W, floor panels F, sheathing boards N (and sometimes ceiling panels) to the wooden framework 2. Note that the "periphery 3" referred to in this invention refers to the part that forms the periphery of the residential structure 1.

[0033] The housing structure 1 shown in Figure 1 etc. has a peripheral (double) foundation 23 (when constituting the peripheral part 3, for example, the second floor floor beams and rafters may be beams 6 or mating beams 61, which will be described later; the same applies below) that rises up on the perimeter and is fixed to the foundation 28. Although this is not shown in Figure 1 etc. to avoid complicating the drawings, it is common for indoor joists 24 (see Figure 2 etc.) to be erected between the peripheral (double) foundations 23 to form the floor structure 21.

[0034] Incidentally, at the joints between the outer periphery (double) base 23 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "base 23") and the indoor side joists 24 (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "joists 24"), and at the joints between the indoor side joists 24 themselves, the ends of the indoor side joists 24 are generally received and fixed by beam support metal joints (not shown) or the like that are fixed to the base 23 or the joists 24 by joints or joint metal fittings (not shown). Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned foundation 28, floor trusses 21 formed, for example, by joists (not shown) are also well known as configurations for the floor trusses 21, and there is no problem in applying these floor trusses 21.

[0035] Columns 5 are erected on base 23 above floor structure 21, which is made up of foundations 28. In the present invention, the columns 5 erected on the outer periphery 3 are bundled columns 51 that are arranged in positions that form a structural grid, and are shown as such in Figure 1 and elsewhere, but this will be described later.

[0036] A beam 6 is fixed on the pillars 5 of the outer periphery 3 between the first and second floors. In the present invention, the beams 6 of the outer periphery 3 include a joint beam 61 (also referred to as joint beam, the same applies below) as the beams 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundle pillars 51 of the outer periphery 3, and are shown as such in FIG. 1 and the like, which will also be described later. In addition, within the interior surrounded by the beams 6 arranged in the outer periphery 3, beams 6 (shown as joists 24 in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Note that in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the joists 24 connected to the pillars 5 (joists 51) are sometimes shown as the indoor side foundation 24D) are spanned in the width direction and the length direction (directions perpendicular to the width direction. For the width direction and the length direction, see the arrow directions in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3.) and the joists 24 are arranged so as to form an approximate cross when viewed in a plan view (direction in which the housing structure 1 is viewed from directly above).

[0037] On the second floor located above the beams 6, columns 5 are erected on the beams 6, and on the outer periphery 3, beams 6 are fixed on the columns 5. Similarly, beams 6 on the outer periphery 3 use mating beams 61, and similarly, beams 6 (joists 24) (not shown) are hung across the width and length of the beams 6, and are arranged in a roughly cross shape when viewed in plan.

[0038] Beams 6 (which are also mating beams 61 at the top of the second floor, and are shown as such in Figures 1 to 3) are formed in the width and length directions, and the joints with the columns 5 are not shown, but the ends of the beams 6 etc. are received and fixed by joints, metal joints, etc.

[0039] Furthermore, the purlins 25 are erected at a specified pitch parallel to the ridge beam 26, which is the highest component of the roof 27, and a rafter 5T (different from the aforementioned "tabanebashira pillar 61") is erected on top of the second floor beams 6, with the ridge beam 26 and purlins 25 erected on top of the rafter 5T. Furthermore, rafters (not shown) are erected at a specified pitch from both sides of the ridge beam 26 toward the beam 6, and the rafters 22 are formed by these beams 6, rafters 5T, purlins 25, and rafters (not shown).

[0040] Then, predetermined boards (board materials) such as walls 7 (wall panels W), floor panels F, and sheathing boards N (or ceiling panels in some cases) are fixed to the wooden framework 2 including the floor truss 21 and roof truss 22 thus formed, thereby forming a housing structure 1 as shown in Fig. 1 etc. In the present invention (although not shown in Figs. 1 to 3 as explanation will be given using Fig. 6 etc.), the walls 7 arranged on the outer periphery 3 are formed of two or more walls as seen from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall 71 having a load-bearing structure (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure") (the portion where the brace 81 is arranged in Figs. 1 to 3 corresponds to this. Note that the reference numeral 81 is only given to a part), and each of the walls 7 has a heat insulating function, which will be described later.

[0041] (II) Regarding the housing structure 1 of the present invention: Next, a description will be given of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, which is applied to the above-mentioned housing structure 1. Note that the basic configuration described below may be referred to as the "basic configuration of the present invention." The housing structure 1 according to the present invention is A residential structure 1 having a wooden frame structure with walls 7, columns 5, and beams 6, Among the columns 5 in the outer periphery 3, the columns 5 arranged at positions constituting the structural grid are bundled columns 51 each consisting of a plurality of square columns bundled together, The beams 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 include a joint beam 61, The wall 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls 7 includes a portion formed of a wall 7 having a load-bearing structure, Each of said walls 7 has a thermal insulation function. The basic configuration is as follows.

[0042] (II-1) Regarding Pillar 5: The columns 5 are erected vertically (axially) on the floor structure 21. Bundled columns 51 are used at positions that form a structural grid for the columns 5 arranged at intersections in the outer periphery 3. Here, "bundled columns 51" refers to columns 5 that are integrated by bundling (assembling) multiple columns 5 together. Also, "intersection positions (intersecting positions)" refers to positions where structural members are joined, etc. By using bundled columns 51, strength against mainly vertical loads and live loads is improved.

[0043] Here, the structural grid refers to a set of three-dimensional grid lines that are the basis for three-dimensionally combining the structural frame made up of columns 5, beams 6, and walls 7, with two adjacent reference rectangles sharing one side and both corners. The positions that make up the structural grid refer to the corner positions in the structural grid (generally the four corners, and in the present invention, these correspond to the positions located on the outer periphery 3).

[0044] Each of the columns 5 constituting the bundling column 51 is preferably a rectangular column, and more preferably has a substantially square cross section. The columns 5 constituting the bundling column 51 preferably have the same cross section, and more preferably have substantially square cross sections.

[0045] It is preferable that the bundling columns 51 are formed by lining up two of a single column 5 constituting the bundling column 51, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 described below, or by lining up two columns vertically and two columns parallel to the housing structure 1 (the vertical and parallel directions are shown in Figure 4, etc. described below), for a total of four columns (two columns x two columns).

[0046] The strength of the bundling column 51 is improved as the number of columns 5 constituting the bundling column 51 increases. As shown in FIG. 1 and other figures, it is preferable to use bundling columns 51 consisting of four columns (2 columns x 2 columns) for columns 5 arranged at corners 31 of the outer periphery 3 (or corners 31 of the outer periphery wall). In addition, for intersections other than the corners 31, four bundling columns 51 (2 columns x 2 columns) or two bundling columns 51 may be used depending on the required strength. FIG. 1 and other figures show an embodiment in which the bundling columns 51 consisting of four columns (2 columns x 2 columns) are used at the corners 31 of the outer periphery 3, and two bundling columns 51 are used at intersections other than the corners 31 of the outer periphery 3. In addition, when the bundling columns 51 are formed from two columns, it is preferable to arrange the columns 5 side by side in the thickness direction of the wall 7.

[0047] There is no particular limit to the size of each pillar 5 constituting the bundled pillar 51, but from the perspective of the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) and the effective use of small diameter wood, it is preferable to use large cross-section members, rationally use commonly available wood that does not require secondary processing such as laminated lumber, and make the cross-section approximately square, with the length of one side in the cross-section being 105 to 120 mm. It is also preferable to use pillars measuring 105 mm x 105 mm (105 mm square) or 120 mm x 120 mm (120 mm square).

[0048] (II-2) Regarding beam 6: Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a bundled column 51 and a joint beam 61 (bundled column 51 is shown in cross section), and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the joint state of the bundled column 51 and the joint beam 61. In Figs. 4 and 5, in addition to the bundled columns 51 and joint beams 61 shown in (A) to (D), (E) is a reference diagram showing a combination of a single column (one column 5) and a single beam (one beam 6) ((A) is a corner 31 of the outer periphery 3, (B) and (D) are positions connecting parallel walls 7 of the outer periphery 3, and (C) and (E) are configurations arranged inside).

[0049] In the present invention, the beams 6 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundling columns 51 of the outer periphery 3 include overlapping beams 61. In the present invention, the overlapping beams 61 refer to beams 6 formed by combining (overlapping) two or more beams 6, and Fig. 1 and other figures show an embodiment in which the base 23 described above is also an overlapping beam 61. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, when two or four (2 x 2) columns 5 are used as the bundling columns 51, it is preferable that the direction in which the beams 6 are combined is aligned (overlapping) in a direction perpendicular to the erection direction of the columns 5 (which is also the thickness direction of the wall 7) for reasons such as efficient joining when the bundling columns 51 are lined up in two from the beams 6.

[0050] In addition, in the present invention, by including a portion that is a laminated beam 61 for the beams 6 arranged on the outer periphery 3, the strength of the outer periphery 3 (mainly strength against vertical loads and horizontal forces) is improved compared to the use of a single beam (one beam 6), and this is improved while also reducing the size by distributing the load by multiple beams.

[0051] In the housing structure 1, the beams 6 are joined to the columns 5, and the joint beams 61 in the housing structure 1 according to the present invention are joined to the bundled columns 51. In the present invention, the columns 5 arranged at the intersections of the outer periphery 3 are the bundled columns 51, and it is preferable that the thickness direction of the beams 6 constituting the joint beams 61 is the same as that of one of the columns 5 constituting the bundled columns 51.

[0052] (II-3) Regarding Wall 7: In the outer periphery 3, the walls 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundle columns 51 are formed of two or more walls (multiple walls) when viewed from the thickness direction (the direction in which the walls 7 are stacked, see Figs. 6 and 8), and each of the two or more walls 7 includes a portion formed of a wall 71 having a load-bearing structure (two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure), and each of the walls 7 has a heat insulating function. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the walls 7 of the outer periphery 3 are two (double) walls will be described as an example, but the expression "two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure" used in the present invention includes a number (weight) of walls 7 exceeding two (double) walls (e.g., three (triple)). Note that "two or more walls 7 include a wall 71 having a load-bearing structure (two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure)" refers to the fact that, for the walls 7 constituting the outer periphery 3 in the structural grid, two or more walls 7 include a portion formed of the wall 71 having a load-bearing structure.

[0053] In this embodiment, the two walls 7 (periphery wall (wall 7 of the peripheral part 3)) are configured as the wall 7 with a load-bearing structure arranged in the peripheral part 3, which is composed of an outer peripheral wall (an outer peripheral wall arranged on the outer peripheral part 3 side) 7G and an inner peripheral wall (an outer peripheral wall arranged on the inner side (more inward than the outer peripheral wall 7G)) 7N. The wall 7 (load-bearing wall: a wall with a load-bearing structure) of the peripheral part 3, which is easily deteriorated by external factors, is made double and has a monocoque structure, so that it can be strengthened. By distinguishing the inside and outside of the outer peripheral wall, it becomes easy to carry out separate construction work during remodeling and renovation. The insulation material 72 is present within the thickness of the structure, and the structure and the insulation material 72 (see FIG. 6, etc., described later) are formed inside the external waterproof line, so that a long-life house that can be maintained and used for a long time can be provided.

[0054] Figures 6 to 9 are diagrams showing an example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. Note that Figure 6 shows only the main structural members, and shows an exploded view of two walls 71 with a load-bearing structure (the reference numerals are simplified for the two walls 71 with a load-bearing structure shown on the right side of the drawing, including Figures 10 and 15 described later). Figures 7 (front view), 8, and 9 (cross-sectional views) show detailed members that form the two walls 71 with a load-bearing structure.

[0055] In addition, the outer peripheral wall includes a portion having a load-bearing structure, with the wall 7 being formed of two walls 71 having a load-bearing structure, and in Fig. 6 and other figures, the two inner outer peripheral walls 7N and the outer outer peripheral wall 7G each have a load-bearing structure, and function as a high-load-bearing wall with a wall factor of two walls added in terms of structural strength. Since each wall 7 includes a portion having a load-bearing structure, the strength as a load-bearing wall (mainly horizontal loads and vertical loads) is improved. In addition, since the structure of the outer peripheral portion 3 is formed of a double structure with the wall 7 being double (multiple), high airtightness is also maintained.

[0056] In the present invention, in addition to the use of the above-mentioned bundled columns 51 and joint beams 61 in the outer periphery 3, a portion in which load-bearing structures are overlapped in the thickness direction of the outer periphery 3 or an integrated, continuous monocoque structure is formed, thereby improving the strength of the outer periphery 3. As a result, it is possible to design a house that provides a variety of spacious and flexible spaces inside the house, without requiring excessive strength on the inside of the house structure 1, and that can minimize the number of walls 7, including load-bearing walls, and columns 5.

[0057] In addition, each of the internal outer peripheral wall 7N and the external outer peripheral wall 7G has an insulating function, and thus each of the walls 7 formed of two or more sheets has an insulating function. Therefore, compared to a housing structure 1 formed with a wall 7 having a general single-layer insulation material 72, the insulation material exists within the thickness of the structure, and the structure and insulation material 72 are formed inside the external waterproof line (for example, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84, etc.), resulting in a housing structure 1 with excellent insulating properties and durability.

[0058] In order to provide the wall 7 with a heat insulating function, it is common to provide it with a heat insulating material 72 (if it is layered, it is called a heat insulating layer). There is no particular restriction on the type of heat insulating material 72 (heat insulating layer) used, and it can be appropriately determined according to the heat insulating area classification established for each region. In this specification, for the sake of convenience, providing a heat insulating function is sometimes described as providing the heat insulating material 72 (heat insulating layer).

[0059] Moreover, the wall 7 arranged as a load-bearing wall refers to a wall 7 arranged in a portion of the housing structure 1 that requires load-bearing strength, excluding portions that do not require load-bearing strength (such as doors and windows). As in the example shown in Fig. 6, it is preferable that the inner peripheral wall 7N and the outer peripheral wall 7G each have a load-bearing structure (or include a portion that has a load-bearing structure), since this improves the strength, earthquake resistance, and the like of the housing structure 1.

[0060] Below, as an example of the outer peripheral wall structure, we will explain an example in which the outer peripheral wall 7G and the inner peripheral wall 7N are each load-bearing walls equipped with cross-connected diagonal braces 81, and the outer peripheral wall 7G is equipped with load-bearing surface material 82 and is used as the structure of the outer peripheral wall (wall 7 of the outer periphery 3).

[0061] In the structure shown in Figures 6 and 7 to 9, first, an exterior peripheral wall 7G is constituted by, from the outside to the inside, an exterior wall material 83, a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84, and a load-bearing surface material 82. Also, on the inside side of the load-bearing surface material 82, a cross-connected diagonal brace 81 equipped with a stud 85 is disposed, and in order to provide a heat-insulating function, a heat-insulating material 72 is disposed so as to fill the space formed by the diagonal brace 81.

[0062] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 etc., a ventilation layer 86 is formed between the exterior wall material 83 and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84. Also, an example is shown in which a vertical furring strip 87 is provided on the back side of the exterior wall material 83 to bind the exterior wall material 83 and fix it to the column 51.

[0063] As the interior peripheral wall 7N, from the outside to the inside, cross-connected diagonal braces 81 with studs 85, airtight sheet 88, wall base made of gypsum board, and wallpaper 89 are arranged. As with the exterior peripheral wall 7G, heat insulating material 72 is arranged so as to fill the space formed by the diagonal braces 81. For convenience of illustration, the thin moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84 and wall base made of gypsum board and wallpaper 89 are shown by dotted lines in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, and the support lines are also dotted lines (not shown in Fig. 7).

[0064] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 etc., the external peripheral wall 7G has a load-bearing surface material 82 and a cross-hung brace 81 with a stud 85, and the internal peripheral wall 7N has a cross-hung brace 81 with a stud 85 to form a load-bearing structure. In this embodiment, the load-bearing structure is formed by the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N, that is, the walls 71 (meaning two (or more) walls; the same applies below), which have a load-bearing structure, so that a wall factor can be added to provide a high-strength, highly earthquake-resistant house structure 1. In addition, the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N each have a heat-insulating material 72, so that the heat-insulating performance is higher than that of a normal house structure 1.

[0065] Also, Fig. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. Note that Fig. 10 and the following description only refer to the main structural members.

[0066] 10, of the outer peripheral walls, the outer peripheral wall 7G is made up of cross-hung diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface materials 82, and is provided with, for example, heat insulating material 72 in the space formed by the cross-hung diagonal braces 81. The inner peripheral wall 7N is made up of load-bearing surface materials 82a having frame materials (upper crosspieces, lower crosspieces, and one vertical crosspiece) on four sides and one vertical crosspiece inside, and is provided with, for example, heat insulating material 72 as a heat insulating function in the space surrounded by the frame materials.

[0067] 10 and the like, the external peripheral wall 7G has a load-bearing surface material 82 and a cross-hung brace 81, and the internal peripheral wall 7N has load-bearing surface materials 82, 82a that form a load-bearing structure. Even in such an embodiment, the load-bearing structure is formed by the walls 71, which have load-bearing structures, that is, the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N, so that a high-strength, highly earthquake-resistant housing structure 1 can be provided. In addition, since the external peripheral wall 7G and the internal peripheral wall 7N each have a heat-insulating material 72, the heat-insulating performance is improved compared to that of a normal housing structure 1.

[0068] (III) Application example of housing structure 1: An application example of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention will be described below. Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an application example of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, and Fig. 12 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a plan view showing another application example of the housing structure 1 according to the present invention, and Fig. 14 is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 13. Explanations of the walls 7 and pillars 5 in Figs. 11 to 14 are also provided at the bottom of the drawings.

[0069] In the housing structure 1 shown in Figures 11 and 12, the columns 5 at the intersections inside are four (2 x 2) bundled columns 51, the interior partition wall 7S is also two-walled (double-layered), and the beams 6 arranged inside are also composed of laminated beams 61. On the other hand, in the structure shown in Figures 13 and 14, the interior partition wall 7S is one wall 7, the columns 5 at the intersections are one column 5, the interior partition wall 7S is also a single wall (single wall), and the beams 6 are also composed of a single beam (single beam 6).

[0070] 11 to 14 show a combination of 2 bays x 2 bays as a structural grid. The residential structure 1 according to the present invention is an integrated monocoque structure with load-bearing structure concentrated at the outer periphery 3, and therefore provides a stable structure with excellent strength due to the synergistic effect with the lattice-like residential structure 1 formed by the structural grid.

[0071] In the housing structure 1 shown in Figures 11 to 14, assuming that the basic configuration of the present invention described above is provided, the components (pillars 5 including bundled columns 51, beams 6 including joint beams 61, walls 71 having load-bearing structures, etc.) are randomly arranged.

[0072] To construct (build) the house structure 1 according to the present invention, the above-mentioned members may be erected by a conventionally known construction method, and there is no particular restriction on the construction method. Here, the house structure 1 according to the present invention can provide a load-bearing structure to provide high strength and high airtightness to the outer periphery 3, but as a guideline, it is preferable to appropriately arrange (dispose) the parts formed by the bundle columns 51, the joint beams 61, and the two walls 71 having a load-bearing structure so that the strength generally required for the house structure 1, for example, the wall volume sufficiency rate against earthquake force and the wall volume sufficiency rate against wind pressure, each exceed 1.0. The wall volume sufficiency rate is defined by the following formula (X) and is set to exceed 1.0. Wall amount sufficiency rate=(existing wall amount / required wall amount)>1.0 …… (X)

[0073] Furthermore, when constructing (building) the residential structure 1 of the present invention, it is more preferable to ensure that the wall volume fulfillment rate against earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate against wind pressure (the above-mentioned formula (X)) defined in the Building Standards Act are each 1.5 or more to ensure a highly safe building, and components such as the bundle columns 51, the joint beams 61 and the parts formed by the two walls 71 having a load-bearing structure can be appropriately arranged (positioned) so as to provide such strength, etc.

[0074] (IV) Effects of the present invention: The housing structure 1 according to the present invention is provided with a high-strength load-bearing structure in the outer periphery 3 by providing a bundled column 51, a joint beam 61, and a portion forming a load-bearing wall (two-wall 71 having a load-bearing structure) formed of two or more sheets when viewed in the thickness direction. With this structure, the outer periphery 3 of the building, which is prone to deterioration and damage, is made into a so-called (semi-)monocoque structure that forms a strong and integrated outer shell against earthquake forces and wind pressure from the outside, and by forming a lattice-like structural grid inside to ensure strength, it is possible to concentrate the load-bearing structure in the outer periphery 3. As a result, the housing structure 1 according to the present invention is strong, and can reduce the installation locations of load-bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6, etc. inside the house, and can increase the freedom and options for using members such as load-bearing walls, columns 5, beams 6, etc., which can utilize the space with a wide range without restricting the position of the partition wall 7S of the room.

[0075] In addition, the housing structure 1 of the present invention has high airtightness because each of the walls 7 formed of two or more sheets arranged around the outer periphery 3 has an insulating function. At the same time, by utilizing the thickness of the insulating material 72 which is twice or more thicker than the insulating performance of a normal housing structure consisting of a single wall 7, the housing structure 1 can simultaneously achieve multiple performance requirements for a building, such as high strength, high earthquake resistance, high airtightness, and high insulation, and has performance that meets the standards of the "Ministry Ordinance Prescribing Energy Consumption Performance Standards for Buildings, etc." in a wide range of regions from cold regions to hot and warm regions, as well as the high insulation standard of HEAT20, which is the higher insulation standard set by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

[0076] As described above, the housing structure 1 according to the present invention has a double or multiple structure for the outer periphery 3, and the insulating material 72 is provided on each of the walls 7 to provide thermal insulation, resulting in a housing structure 1 that is excellent in the high strength, airtightness, and high insulation performance required for wooden houses. In particular, by concentrating the load-bearing structure on the outer periphery 3, the number of load-bearing members such as load-bearing walls, beams 6, and columns 5 can be reduced inside the house, and by minimizing these as much as possible, a space with a degree of freedom can be created.

[0077] Increasing the freedom to form load-bearing members inside the house in this way increases the freedom to design the interior of the house and makes it easy to arrange members such as partitions, and to remove or modify related members when remodeling or renovating. It is therefore possible to provide a house structure 1 or structural system that is easy to adapt to Skeleton-Infill (SI), which can flexibly respond to changes in the interior, etc.

[0078] In addition, since the outer periphery 3 can maintain high strength and airtightness, it can meet the earthquake resistance, wind resistance, load resistance, snow load resistance in snowy areas, and multi-story buildings such as three stories that are required of wooden houses, resulting in a stronger, more durable, and longer-lasting housing structure 1.

[0079] Furthermore, the structural grid of the residential structure 1 is a so-called (semi-)monocoque structure in which the load-bearing structure is concentrated at the outer periphery 3, and the interior is formed of a lattice-like structural grid, so that a structural grid consisting of, for example, a 2-bay or 2.5-bay grid can provide a building that is strong and safe.

[0080] In terms of insulation performance, making the outer periphery 3 a structure that includes a double or multiple layer structure means that the insulation material 72 arranged on the outer periphery 3 can be multiple (double layered), which, as mentioned above, can provide excellent insulation performance, resulting in a housing structure 1 that implements improved structural strength and insulation properties in an integrated manner.

[0081] In particular, compared to the conventional construction of the insulation material 72 from the outside in the outer periphery 3 (external insulation), this construction allows construction from inside the house, such as disposing the insulation material 72 on the inner outer periphery wall 7N, so that the same insulation material 72 can be used continuously and thickly, and can be constructed in one go. In addition, after the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84 is installed on the wall 7 of the outer periphery 3, it can be safely installed from the inside (even in rainy weather), and direct construction to the frame such as the sash and the wall 7 of the outer periphery 3 can also be easily performed. Furthermore, disposing the insulation material 72 on the outer periphery wall on the inner side of the waterproof line (moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 84) of the outer periphery wall can prevent material deterioration and deterioration of insulation performance due to factors such as moisture absorption and water absorption from outside the house.

[0082] (V) Variations of the embodiment: The above-described aspects show one aspect of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that modifications and improvements that have the configuration of the present invention and can achieve the object and effect are included in the contents of the present invention. Furthermore, the specific structure and shape, etc., when implementing the present invention may be other structures and shapes, etc., as long as the object and effect of the present invention can be achieved. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and improvements that can achieve the object of the present invention are included in the present invention.

[0083] For example, with regard to the specific configuration of the outer peripheral wall (wall 7 of the outer peripheral portion 3), the configuration shown in Figure 6 etc. is one example, and the wall 7 arranged in the outer peripheral portion 3 can be appropriately changed from the configuration shown in Figure 6 etc. as long as it has a configuration that satisfies the basic configuration of the present invention described above.

[0084] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing another example of the structure of the outer peripheral wall. Fig. 15 and the following description only refer to the main structural members.

[0085] In the example shown in Fig. 15, the outer peripheral wall 7G of the outer peripheral walls (walls 7 of the outer peripheral portion 3) is made of cross-connected diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface material 82, and is provided with insulation material 72 in the space formed by the cross-connected diagonal braces 81, for example. The inner peripheral wall 7N is made of cross-connected diagonal braces 81 and load-bearing surface material 82 on the inner side, and is provided with insulation material 72 as a heat insulating function in the space formed by the cross-connected diagonal braces 81, for example.

[0086] 15, the outer peripheral wall 7G and the inner peripheral wall 7N have load-bearing face material 82 and cross-hung braces 81 that form a load-bearing structure, providing a high-strength, highly earthquake-resistant housing structure 1. In addition, the outer peripheral wall 7G and the inner peripheral wall 7N each have heat-insulating material 72, so that the heat-insulating performance is higher than that of a normal housing structure 1.

[0087] Furthermore, for example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, as shown in Figure 11 etc., for the columns 5 in the outer periphery 3, the columns 5 other than those at the positions that constitute the structural grid are also shown as bundled columns 51. However, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of Figure 11, and it is sufficient to arrange the bundled columns 51 at the positions that constitute the structural grid. For the columns 5 arranged at other positions, it is sufficient to select whether or not to apply the bundled columns 51 depending on the required specifications, costs, etc., as long as the basic configuration of the present invention described above is provided.

[0088] In addition, in the housing structure 1 of the present invention, the arrangement of the beams 61 and the two walls 71 with load-bearing structures can be selected, similarly to the bundled columns 51 described above, depending on the required specifications and costs, etc. (including the columns 5 (bundled columns 51) described above, for example, the wall volume sufficiency rate to resist earthquake force and the wall volume sufficiency rate to resist wind pressure as stipulated in the Building Standards Act described above).

[0089] That is, as a concept of a load-bearing wall (wall with load-bearing structure), with regard to the wall 7 (periphery wall) constituting the outer periphery 3 in the present invention, it is sufficient that the wall 7 arranged in the range sandwiched between the bundling columns 51 in the outer periphery 3 has a portion that becomes a two-wall 71 with load-bearing structure within the range that has the basic configuration of the present invention described above, and for example, the outer peripheral wall 7G may be left as it is and made load-bearing, while the inner peripheral wall 7N may not be made load-bearing, and may have a structure that includes a portion that is a load-bearing wall as a whole. Basically, the beam 6 joined to the bundling column 51 becomes a joint beam 61, and the wall 7 surrounded by the bundling column 51 and the joint beam 61 is considered to be two (or more) walls 7 including the two-wall 71 with load-bearing structure.

[0090] Furthermore, as a method for streamlining construction, the objective of the present invention may be achieved by previously attaching diagonal braces 81 to the load-bearing surface material 82 to make a "dimensioned load-bearing panel," or by previously panelizing the load-bearing surface material 82 into "load-bearing surface material panels," which are then installed on the exterior outer peripheral wall 7G and the interior outer peripheral wall 7N, respectively, to make a strong double load-bearing wall and streamline construction. In addition, the specific structure and shape when implementing the present invention may be other structures and shapes within the scope of the invention in which the object of the present invention can be achieved. [Industrial Applicability]

[0091] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be advantageously used as a housing structure having excellent thermal insulation performance around the outer periphery, and has high industrial applicability. [Explanation of symbols]

[0092] 1 Housing structure 2 Wooden frame 21 Floor assembly 22 Roof Truss 23 Outer periphery (double) base (base) 24 Indoor side slat (slat) 24D Indoor base 25 Main building 26 Ridgepole 27 Roof 28 Basics 3 Outer periphery 31 Periphery corners 5 Pillars 51 Bundled Pillar 5T shingle beam 6 beams 61 Laminated beam 7. Wall 7N Internal outer peripheral wall 7G External peripheral wall 7S Partition wall 71 Walls with two or more walls that have load-bearing structure (two walls with load-bearing structure) 72 Insulation 81 Bracing 82 Load-bearing surface material 82a Load-bearing surface material 83 Exterior wall materials 84 Breathable waterproof sheet 85 Studs 86 Ventilation Layer 87 Vertical furring strip 88 Airtight Sheet 89 Wall underlay (plasterboard) and wallpaper W wall plate F floorboard N Field board

Claims

1. A residential structure consisting of a wooden frame structure with walls, pillars, and beams, Among the columns in the outer periphery, columns arranged at positions constituting a structural grid are bundled columns each comprising a plurality of square columns; The beams arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery include a joint beam, The wall arranged in the range sandwiched between the binding columns of the outer periphery is formed of two or more walls when viewed from the thickness direction, and each of the two or more walls includes a portion formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure, Each of said walls has a thermal insulation function. A residential structure characterized by:

2. The wall having the load-bearing structure arranged on the outer periphery includes a portion formed of two walls, an inner outer periphery wall and an outer outer periphery wall, The housing structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the interior perimeter wall and the exterior perimeter wall has a load-bearing structure and a thermal insulation function.

3. 3. A housing structure as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the pillars arranged at the corners of the outer periphery are bundled pillars consisting of a total of four pillars, two by two.

4. The housing structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls are each arranged in such a way that the wall volume sufficiency rate against earthquake force and the wall volume sufficiency rate against wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume sufficiency rate) specified in the Building Standards Act exceed 1.0, respectively. Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

5. A method for constructing the housing structure according to claim 1 or 2, A construction method for a residential structure, comprising: arranging the parts of the bundle columns, the joint beams, and the two or more walls each formed of a wall having a load-bearing structure so that the wall volume fulfillment rate against earthquake force and the wall volume fulfillment rate against wind pressure (see formula (X) below for the wall volume fulfillment rate) specified in the Building Standards Act each exceed 1.

0. Wall amount sufficiency rate = (existing wall amount / required wall amount) > 1.0 ... (X)

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