Machine tool

Abstract

To provide an art for adding a gantry loader to a machine tool after production easily.SOLUTION: A machine tool which is capable of processing a workpiece comprises a cover body for partitioning and forming a processing area of the workpiece. A ceiling of the cover body includes a first opening for allowing a gantry loader to transport the workpiece to the processing area. The first opening extends in a longitudinal direction that is parallel to a transport direction of the gantry loader on a horizontal plane. The machine tool comprises a lid member that is provided on the cover body so as to cover the first opening. The lid member is configured to be detachably attached to the cover body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to machine tools. [Background technology]

[0002] JP 2021-30318 A (Patent Document 1) discloses a machine tool that can easily replace the articulated robot depending on the application. An opening is provided on the side of the cover of the machine tool, and the articulated robot is configured to be insertable into the machining space from the opening. In addition, the articulated robot is provided with a lid for closing the opening. That is, when the articulated robot is inserted into the opening, the lid closes the opening. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-30318 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When transporting heavier workpieces to machine tools, gantry loaders are used instead of articulated robots. There is a customer need to retrofit these gantry loaders to machine tools. In light of this, there is a demand for technology that allows for easy retrofitting of gantry loaders to machine tools. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In one example of the present disclosure, a machine tool capable of machining a workpiece is provided. The machine tool includes a cover body that defines a machining area for the workpiece. A first opening is formed in a ceiling of the cover body through which a gantry loader transports the workpiece to the machining area. The first opening extends in a longitudinal direction parallel to a transport direction of the gantry loader on a horizontal plane. The machine tool includes a lid body provided on the cover body so as to cover the first opening. The lid body is configured to be detachable from the cover body.

[0006] In one example of the present disclosure, a width of the lid body in a longitudinal direction of the first opening is the same as or greater than a width of the cover body in the longitudinal direction.

[0007] In one example of the present disclosure, a second opening is formed in a side surface of the cover body. The machine tool further includes a door provided to cover the second opening. An upper end of the second opening is parallel to the longitudinal direction.

[0008] In one example of the present disclosure, the surface of the lid body on the processing area side is inclined so as to become lower toward the back when viewed from the front when looking at the processing area from the door.

[0009] In one example of the present disclosure, the machine tool further includes first and second support parts for supporting both ends of the cover in the short-side direction of the first opening along the longitudinal direction. The first support part is located closer to the front than the second support part in a front view of the machining area from the door. The first support part is further configured to support the door on the side opposite to the cover.

[0010] In one example of the present disclosure, an interface section for mounting a safety fence is provided on the ceiling of the cover body, the interface section being located behind the door and in front of the first opening in a front view of the processing area from the door, and extending in the longitudinal direction.

[0011] In one example of the present disclosure, the lid body is made up of a plurality of lids.

[0012] In one example of the present disclosure, the plurality of lids include a first lid configured to be openable and closable, and a second lid that cannot be opened and closed.

[0013] In one example of the present disclosure, the machine tool further includes a control unit and a sensor for detecting an open / closed state of the first lid, and the control unit executes a process for prohibiting the machine tool from machining the workpiece when the first lid is in an open state.

[0014] In one example of the present disclosure, the machine tool further includes a workpiece spindle for rotationally driving the workpiece. The first lid overlaps with the workpiece spindle in a top view.

[0015] In one example of the present disclosure, the cover body is provided with an interface unit for mounting the lid body. The interface unit is configured to allow a door to be mounted in place of the lid body. The machine tool further includes a drive unit for driving the door to open and close, and a control unit capable of controlling the drive unit. The control unit executes a process of opening the door before the gantry loader carries in the workpiece into the processing area, and a process of closing the door after the gantry loader carries in the workpiece into the processing area.

[0016] In one example of the present disclosure, first and second cutout portions are formed in the cover body. When viewed from one side in the longitudinal direction, the first cutout portion overlaps with the lid body. When viewed from one side in the longitudinal direction, the second cutout portion overlaps with the lid body. The machine tool further includes a first protective cover provided on the cover body so as to cover the first cutout portion, and a second protective cover provided on the cover body so as to cover the second cutout portion. The first protective cover and the second protective cover are configured to be detachable from the cover body.

[0017] In one example of the present disclosure, the first protective cover and the second protective cover are made of the same material as the cover body.

[0018] The above and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the appearance of a machine tool. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device configuration of a machine tool. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device configuration of a processing system. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the machine tool from above. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 illustrates a machine tool according to the related art. [Figure 6] FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII shown in FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an automatic door from above. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX shown in FIG. [Figure 10] 1 is a diagram showing a machine tool as viewed obliquely downward from the front side of the machine tool. FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a top view of the machine tool with the lid removed. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a front view of a machine tool equipped with a safety fence. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the machine tool from one side in the Z-axis direction. [Figure 14] FIG. 4 is a view showing the machine tool from the other side in the Z-axis direction. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive mechanism of a machine tool. [Figure 16]This is a diagram showing an example of a drive mechanism for an option unit. [Figure 17] This is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a control unit.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] Hereinafter, each embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same parts and components are denoted by the same reference numerals. Their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed descriptions thereof will not be repeated. Note that each embodiment and each modification described below may be selectively combined as appropriate.

[0021] <A. Appearance of Machine Tool 100> First, with reference to FIG. 1, a machine tool 100 according to an embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the appearance of the machine tool 100.

[0022] As used in this specification, the "machine tool" is a concept encompassing various devices having a function of processing a workpiece. As an example, the machine tool 100 may be a horizontal machining center, or a vertical machining center. Alternatively, the machine tool 100 may be a lathe, an additional processing machine, or other cutting machines or grinding machines. Furthermore, the machine tool 100 may be a composite machining machine combining these.

[0023] As shown in FIG. 1, the machine tool 100 includes a cover body 130. The cover body 130, also called a splash guard, forms the appearance of the machine tool 100 and partitions the workpiece processing area AR (see FIG. 2).

[0024] On the ceiling of the cover body 130, a lid body CV is detachably provided. Details of the lid body CV will be described later.

[0025] On the front surface of the cover body 130, a front door DR1 is provided. The front door DR1 is, for example, a sliding door. The front door DR1 may be configured to be openable and closable by a drive source such as a motor, or may be configured to be manually openable and closable. An operator installs a workpiece to be processed in the processing area with the front door DR1 open. The operator closes the front door DR1 when the installation of the workpiece is completed. Thereafter, the processing of the workpiece is started. Note that operations such as the installation of the workpiece and the opening and closing of the door may be automated using an autonomous mobile robot (AMR).

[0026] <Definition of Direction B> For convenience of explanation, hereinafter, the horizontal direction from the front door DR1 toward the inside (processing area) of the machine tool 100 is also referred to as the X-axis direction. Also, the horizontal direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction is also referred to as the Z-axis direction. The gravitational direction orthogonal to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is also referred to as the Y-axis direction.

[0027] <Device Configuration of Machine Tool 100> Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the device configuration of the machine tool 100 will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the device configuration of the machine tool 100.

[0028] The machine tool 100 includes a bed 11, a first workpiece spindle 22, a second workpiece spindle 27, and a tool spindle 30.

[0029] The bed 11 is a base member for supporting various devices provided inside the machine tool 100. In the example of FIG. 2, the bed 11 supports the first workpiece spindle 22, the second workpiece spindle 27, and the tool spindle 30. The bed 11 is installed on the floor surface of a factory or the like. The bed 11 is formed of a metal such as cast iron.

[0030] The first work spindle 22 is configured to be rotatable while holding the work W. More specifically, a first chuck mechanism 23 is provided on the first work spindle 22. The first chuck mechanism 23 is a mechanism for fixing the work W to the first work spindle 22. Further, the first work spindle 22 is configured to be rotatable about an axis AX1 along the axial direction of the first work spindle 22 (i.e., the Z-axis direction).

[0031] The second work spindle 27 rotates the work W while supporting the work W from the side opposite to the first work spindle 22. More specifically, the second work spindle 27 is configured to be movable in the Z-axis direction by various drive mechanisms such as a motor, and can support the work W from the side opposite to the first work spindle 22. Further, a second chuck mechanism 28 is provided on the second work spindle 27. The second chuck mechanism 28 is a mechanism for fixing the work W to the second work spindle 27. Furthermore, the second work spindle 27 is configured to be rotatable about an axis AX2 along the axial direction of the second work spindle 27 (i.e., the Z-axis direction). Typically, the axis AX2 is coaxial with the axis AX1.

[0032] The tool spindle 30 is provided at a position higher than the first work spindle 22 and the second work spindle 27. Further, the tool spindle 30 is provided on the back side of the first work spindle 22 and the second work spindle 27 in a front view when viewing the machining area AR from the front door DR1 described above.

[0033] The tool spindle 30 is configured to be rotatable while holding the tool T. The tool spindle 30 is configured to be movable in each of the X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and Z-axis direction by various drive mechanisms such as a motor. The tool spindle 30 performs milling by bringing the rotating tool T into contact with the work W fixed to the first work spindle 22, for example.

[0034] <D. Machining System 10> Next, the machining system 10 according to the embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the device configuration of the machining system 10.

[0035] Various devices can be added as options to the machine tool 100 described in Fig. 1 above. Examples of devices that can be added include a workstation 180 and a gantry loader 200. In the example of Fig. 3, a system including the machine tool 100, the gantry loader 200, and the workstation 180 is shown as a machining system 10.

[0036] The workstation 180 is a place for temporarily placing workpieces before and after machining. The gantry loader 200 carries the workpieces before machining placed at the workstation 180 into the machine tool 100, and carries the machined workpieces in the machine tool 100 out to the workstation 180.

[0037] As an example, the gantry loader 200 is composed of support columns 252A and 252B, a rail mechanism 253, and a carrier 260.

[0038] The pillars 252A, 252B are arranged side by side in the Z-axis direction with the machine tool 100 sandwiched therebetween, and support the rail mechanism 253.

[0039] The rail mechanism 253 extends linearly in the Z-axis direction, and functions as a linear guide for moving the carrier 260 in the Z-axis direction.

[0040] The conveyor 260 is composed of a slider 261 and a lifting rod 262. The slider 261 is attached to a rail mechanism 253. The slider 261 is configured to be slidable in the Z-axis direction by a driving mechanism such as a motor.

[0041] The lifting rod 262 is attached to the slider 261. The lifting rod 262 is configured to be slidable in the Y-axis direction by a driving mechanism such as a motor. A gripping mechanism for gripping a workpiece is provided at the lower end of the lifting rod 262. The gripping mechanism has, for example, an arm shape configured to be able to grip the workpiece.

[0042] The gantry loader 200 carries the workpiece from the workstation 180 to the machine tool 100. More specifically, first, the gantry loader 200 drives the slider 261 in the Z-axis direction and moves the slider 261 onto the workstation 180. Next, the gantry loader 200 drives the lifting rod 262 in the Y-axis direction and picks up the workpiece before machining installed on the workstation 180. Then, the gantry loader 200 drives the slider 261 in the Z-axis direction and moves the slider 261 onto the machine tool 100. Then, the gantry loader 200 drives the lifting rod 262 in the Y-axis direction and carries the workpiece before machining into the machine tool 100. The loaded workpiece is, for example, mounted on the above-described first workpiece spindle 22.

[0043] Also, the gantry loader 200 carries the workpiece out from the machine tool 100 to the workstation 180. More specifically, first, the gantry loader 200 drives the lifting rod 262 in the Z-axis direction and moves the slider 261 onto the machine tool 100. Next, the gantry loader 200 drives the lifting rod 262 in the Y-axis direction and picks up the workpiece inside the machine tool 100. Then, the gantry loader 200 drives the slider 261 in the Z-axis direction and moves the slider 261 onto the workstation 180. Then, the gantry loader 200 drives the lifting rod 262 in the Y-axis direction and places the workpiece on the workstation 180.

[0044] <E. Summary> Next, referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the above-described lid CV (see FIG. 1) will be described. FIG. 4 is a view showing the machine tool 100 from above.

[0045] Some customers retrofit gantry loader 200 after placing an order for machine tool 100. As an example, the customer attaches gantry loader 200 to machine tool 100 at the stage of installing machine tool 100 in a factory, or attaches gantry loader 200 to machine tool 100 in accordance with a work production plan or the like. Machine tool 100 according to the embodiment is configured to facilitate retrofitting of gantry loader 200.

[0046] More specifically, an opening P1 (first opening) for the gantry loader 200 to transport the workpiece W to the processing area AR is formed in the ceiling of the cover body 130. The opening P1 is an entrance through which the workpiece W passes when the gantry loader 200 transports the workpiece W to the processing area AR or when the gantry loader 200 transports the workpiece W from the processing area AR. The opening P1 has a belt-like shape and extends in a longitudinal direction parallel to the transport direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction) of the gantry loader 200 on a horizontal plane. In other words, the opening P1 extends so as to be parallel to the rail mechanism 253 of the gantry loader 200.

[0047] The cover body 130 is provided with a lid body CV so as to cover the opening P1. In other words, the width of the lid body CV in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction) is larger than the width of the opening P1 in the same direction. Also, the width of the lid body CV in the lateral direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is larger than the width of the opening P1 in the same direction.

[0048] The lid body CV has a band-like shape. More specifically, the width of the lid body CV in the longitudinal direction (i.e., the Z-axis direction) is the same as the width of the cover body 130 in the same direction. Alternatively, the width of the lid body CV in the longitudinal direction may be larger than the width of the cover body 130 in the same direction. Also, the width of the lid body CV in the lateral direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) is smaller than the width of the cover body 130 in the same direction.

[0049] The cover body CV is configured to be detachable from the cover body 130. Any mechanism can be adopted for the mechanism to fix the cover body CV to the cover body 130. As an example, the cover body CV can be screwed to the cover body 130.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 5, the advantages of the cover body CV will be described. FIG. 5 is a view showing a machine tool 100X according to the related art. The machine tool 100X includes a cover body 130X. A front door DR1X is provided on the side surface of the cover body 130X.

[0051] The front door DR1X extends not only on the side surface of the cover body 130X but also on the ceiling of the cover body 130X. When a customer retrofits a gantry loader 200 to such a machine tool 100X, it is necessary to remove the front door DR1X and replace it with a door corresponding to the gantry loader 200. For example, it is replaced with a front door of a gantry loader specification in which the portion extending on the ceiling of the cover body 130X, such as the front door DRX, is small or does not exist. In addition, the customer also needs to change the cover body 130X to a cover body corresponding to the gantry loader 200. That is, it is necessary to change it to the gantry loader 200 or another cover body compatible with the gantry loader specification. Thus, when retrofitting the gantry loader 200 to the machine tool 100X shown in FIG. 5, significant renovation work is required.

[0052] On the other hand, in the machine tool 100 shown in FIG. 4, only the portion related to the conveyance path of the gantry loader 200 (that is, the cover body CV) is configured to be detachable. Therefore, when the customer retrofits the gantry loader 200 to the machine tool 100, there is no need to renovate the portions other than the cover body CV (for example, the front door DR1 and the cover body 130). As a result, the customer can reduce costs and time, and it becomes easier to retrofit the gantry loader 200 to the machine tool 100.

[0053] <F. Cover body CV> Next, with reference to Figures 6 and 7, the cover body CV used to close the opening P1 when the gantry loader 200 shown in Figure 4 is not used will be described in more detail. That is, the default state of the machine tool 100 as shown in Figure 1 is assumed. Figure 6 is a view showing the cover body CV from above. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII shown in Figure 6.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 7, the lower surface SF1 (i.e., the back surface) of the cover body CV on the machining area AR side is inclined so as to become lower toward the back side in a front view of the machining area AR from the front door DR1 (see FIG. 1) of the machine tool 100. In other words, the edge of the band-shaped opening P1 formed in the cover body 130 is disposed at a higher position on the front side of the machine tool 100 than on the back side. When machining a workpiece, coolant is discharged into the machining area AR, and the coolant evaporates. The evaporated coolant liquefies on the ceiling. At this time, since the lower surface SF1 of the cover body CV is inclined so as to become lower toward the back side, the coolant liquefied on the ceiling flows in a direction away from the front door DR1. This makes it possible to prevent the coolant liquefied on the ceiling or the coolant splashed by the workpiece or the like and adhering to the lower surface SF1 from falling on the worker who opens the front door DR1.

[0055] Preferably, the cover body CV is made up of a plurality of covers. In the example of Fig. 6, the cover body CV is made up of four covers CV1 to CV4. The covers CV1 to CV4 are arranged along the Z axis. By separating the cover body CV into the plurality of covers CV1 to CV4, it becomes easier for an operator to attach the cover body CV to the machine tool 100.

[0056] More preferably, the cover body CV includes a cover CV2 (first cover) that is configured to be openable and closable, and covers CV1, CV3, CV4 (second covers) that cannot be opened or closed. The cover CV2 is configured with a frame FR and a top door DR2.

[0057] The ceiling door DR2 is configured to be manually opened and closed. More specifically, a handle H is provided on the surface of the ceiling door DR2 opposite to the processing area AR side. The handle H is also provided on an end of the ceiling door DR2 on one side in the Z-axis direction. A safety plate (not shown) is attached to the frame FR via a hinge or the like. The safety plate is configured to be fixable to the frame FR on the side opposite to the hinge attachment side. The safety plate and the frame FR are fixed, for example, via a bolt or the like. When closing the ceiling door DR2, the worker fixes the safety plate to the frame FR with a bolt. On the other hand, when opening the ceiling door DR2, the worker removes the bolt from the safety plate. Then, the worker puts his hand on the handle H and slides the ceiling door DR2 in the Z-axis direction. This opens the ceiling door DR2.

[0058] When the workpiece to be machined is light, the customer sets the workpiece in the machining area AR through the front door DR1 (see FIG. 1) of the machine tool 100. On the other hand, when the workpiece to be machined is heavy, the customer hoists the workpiece using a crane or the like and carries the workpiece into the machining area AR through the ceiling door DR2 on the ceiling. In this way, the customer can use either the front door DR1 or the ceiling door DR2 depending on the weight of the workpiece to be carried in.

[0059] Preferably, the lid CV2 that is configured to be openable and closable is provided with an open / close sensor C. The open / close sensor C is provided, for example, near the handle H, and detects the open / close state of the lid CV2. The open / close sensor C may be a magnetic sensor, an optical sensor, or an ultrasonic sensor.

[0060] When the open / close sensor C detects that the lid CV2 is open, the machine tool 100 prohibits machining of the workpiece. On the other hand, when the open / close sensor C detects that the lid CV2 is closed, the machine tool 100 permits machining of the workpiece. This allows the machine tool 100 to prevent starting machining of the workpiece with the lid CV2 open.

[0061] Preferably, the openable lid CV2 overlaps at least a part of the above-described first work spindle 22 in a top view. This makes it easier for an operator to mount a work on the first work spindle 22 when the operator carries the work in from the ceiling lid CV2 using a crane or the like.

[0062] Also, the openable lid CV2 overlaps the above-described second work spindle 27 in a top view. This makes it easier for an operator to mount a work on the second work spindle 27 when the operator carries the work in from the ceiling lid CV2 using a crane or the like.

[0063] <G. Automatic Door DR3> Next, with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, an automatic door DR3 that can be attached to the machine tool 100 instead of the lid body CV will be described. That is, it is premised that a gantry loader 200 is used for the machine tool 100 as shown in FIG. 3. FIG. 8 is a view showing the automatic door DR3 from above. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX shown in FIG. 8.

[0064] When retrofitting the gantry loader 200 to the machine tool 100, the above-described lid body CV (see FIG. 4) is removed from the cover body 130, and instead, the automatic door DR3 can be attached so as to cover part or all of the opening P1 of the cover body 130. The shape of the automatic door DR3 is strip-shaped and extends in the Z-axis direction. The automatic door DR3 is driven by a drive unit such as air cylinders ACL and ACR.

[0065] The machine tool 100 controls the opening and closing of the automatic door DR3 in conjunction with the loading of the work by the gantry loader 200. As an example, the machine tool 100 opens the automatic door DR3 before the gantry loader 200 loads the work into the machining area AR. The gantry loader 200 loads the work into the machining area AR through the open automatic door DR3. Thereafter, the machine tool 100 closes the automatic door DR3. Thereby, the work is automatically loaded into the machine tool 100.

[0066] Furthermore, machine tool 100 controls the opening and closing of automatic door DR3 in conjunction with the removal of the workpiece by gantry loader 200. As an example, machine tool 100 opens automatic door DR3 before gantry loader 200 removes the workpiece from the processing area AR. Gantry loader 200 removes the workpiece from the processing area AR through automatic door DR3 in the open state. Thereafter, machine tool 100 closes automatic door DR3. This causes the workpiece to be automatically removed from machine tool 100.

[0067] The automatic door DR3 is composed of, for example, a linear guide GL, a linear guide GR, a left door SDL, and a right door SDR.

[0068] The linear guide GL is a mechanism for guiding the left door SDL so that it can move in the Z-axis direction. Typically, when opening the automatic door DR3, the machine tool 100 moves the left door SDL along the linear guide GL to the positive side in the Z-axis direction. On the other hand, when closing the automatic door DR3, the machine tool 100 moves the left door SDL along the linear guide GL to the negative side in the Z-axis direction.

[0069] The linear guide GR is a mechanism for guiding the right door SDR so that it can move in the Z-axis direction. Typically, when opening the automatic door DR3, the machine tool 100 moves the right door SDR along the linear guide GR to the negative side in the Z-axis direction. On the other hand, when closing the automatic door DR3, the machine tool 100 moves the right door SDR along the linear guide GR to the positive side in the Z-axis direction.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 9, the automatic door DR3 is configured such that its upper surface SF2 is lower than the upper surface of the above-described lid body CV. More specifically, on the front side of the automatic door DR3, there is a standing wall portion WL provided so as to stand upright upward from the upper surface SF2. In other words, the cross-sectional shape on the front side of the automatic door DR3 is generally L-shaped. The upper end portion of this standing wall portion WL is attached to the cover body 130, and the upper surface SF2 is in a state of being suspended downward, and the upper surface SF2 is disposed at a position lower than the lid body CV. As a result, various mechanisms (such as the rail mechanism 253 and the carrier 260) of the gantry loader 200 can be disposed lower, and the conveyance distance of the workpiece in the vertical direction can be shortened. As a result, the conveyance efficiency of the workpiece by the gantry loader 200 is improved. As shown in FIG. 9, the lower surface of the automatic door DR3 is also slightly inclined so that the back side is lower than the front side. Further, since the position of the upper surface SF2 of the automatic door is lowered, the inclination angle is smaller than the inclination angle of the lid body CV in FIG. 4.

[0071] <H. Support portions B1, B2> Next, with reference to FIG. 10, the support portions B1 and B2 for supporting the above-described lid body CV will be described. FIG. 10 is a view showing the machine tool 100 in a state of looking down obliquely downward from the front side of the machine tool 100. Note that the lid body CV and the automatic door DR3 are in a removed state.

[0072] In the example of FIG. 10, the lid body CV and the front door DR1 are removed from the machine tool 100 shown in FIG. 1 above. Further, in the example of FIG. 10, the opening P1 covered by the lid body CV and the opening P2 covered by the front door DR1 are shown by hatching. As shown in FIG. 10, the upper end of the opening P2 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the opening P1.

[0073] The cover body 130 of the machine tool 100 is provided with support portions B1 and B2 for supporting the lid body CV. Each of the support portions B1 and B2 extends in the longitudinal direction of the opening P1 and is arranged parallel to each other. The support portions B1 and B2 have, for example, a bar shape. The support portion B1 is located closer to the front side than the support portion B2 in a front view when viewing the machining area AR from the front door DR1.

[0074] The support portions B1 and B2 are configured to support both ends of the lid body CV in the short side direction of the opening P1. Any mechanism is adopted for the mechanism for fixing the lid body CV to the support portions B1 and B2. As an example, the lid body CV can be screwed to the support portions B1 and B2.

[0075] The support portion B1 is configured to not only support the lid body CV but also support the front door DR1 on the side opposite to the lid body CV. That is, the lid body CV and the front door DR1 are configured to share the support portion B1. The support portion B1 guides the front door DR1 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

[0076] <I. Safety fence FE> Next, with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the safety fence FE will be described. FIG. 11 is a view showing the machine tool 100 with the lid body CV removed from above. FIG. 12 is a view showing the machine tool 100 with the safety fence FE attached from the front side.

[0077] When the gantry loader 200 is attached to the machine tool 100, when the height of the machine tool 100 is low, the operator may touch the gantry loader 200. Therefore, so that the operator cannot touch the gantry loader 200, the machine tool 100 is configured to be able to attach the safety fence FE to the ceiling of the cover body 130.

[0078] On the ceiling of the cover body 130, an interface portion IF for mounting the safety fence FE is formed. In a front view of viewing the processing area AR from the front door DR1, the interface portion IF is located on the back side of the front door DR1 and on the front side of the opening P1. Further, the interface portion IF extends in the longitudinal direction of the opening P1. In addition, the upper surface portion of the interface portion IF is disposed at a position lower than the safety height defined by the safety standards applicable when installing, for example, the gantry loader 200 or the like. Also, when the gantry loader 200 is not used, the upper surface portion of the interface portion IF is at a height that satisfies various safety standards and the like. That is, by installing the safety fence FE on the interface portion IF, while satisfying the safety standards when using the gantry loader 200, the height of the entire machine tool 100 can be suppressed by default so that it can be configured compactly.

[0079] The safety fence FE is, for example, plate-shaped and is installed upright with respect to the interface portion IF. The lower surface of the safety fence FE is fixed to the interface portion IF. Any mechanism can be adopted for the mechanism for fixing the safety fence FE to the interface portion IF. As an example, the interface portion IF is a screw hole. In this case, the safety fence FE is fixed to the cover body 130 by fitting a screw into the screw hole of the interface portion IF through the through hole formed in the safety fence FE.

[0080] <J. Protective Cover> Next, with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14, the protective covers PC1 and PC2 will be described. FIG. 13 is a view showing the machine tool 100 from one side in the Z-axis direction. FIG. 14 is a view showing the machine tool 100 from the other side in the Z-axis direction.

[0081] Notches NT1 and NT2 are formed in the cover body 130 of the machine tool 100.

[0082] The cutout portion NT1 is formed in the cover body 130 so as to overlap with the lid body CV in a side view of the machine tool 100 seen from the negative side in the Z-axis direction. A protective cover PC1 can be attached to the cutout portion NT1. The protective cover PC1 is configured to cover the cutout portion NT1. The protective cover PC1 is configured to be detachable from the cover body 130.

[0083] Any mechanism may be adopted for fixing the protective cover PC1 to the cutout portion NT1 of the cover body 130. As one example, the protective cover PC1 may be fixed to the cutout portion NT1 of the cover body 130 by a screw.

[0084] The cutout portion NT2 is formed in the cover body 130 so as to overlap with the lid body CV in a side view of the machine tool 100 seen from the front side in the Z-axis direction. A protective cover PC2 can be attached to the cutout portion NT2. The protective cover PC2 is configured to cover the cutout portion NT2. The protective cover PC2 is configured to be detachable from the cover body 130.

[0085] Any mechanism may be adopted as the mechanism for fixing the protective cover PC2 to the cutout portion NT2 of the cover body 130. As one example, the protective cover PC2 may be fixed to the cutout portion NT2 of the cover body 130 by a screw.

[0086] The protective covers PC1, PC2 and the cutouts NT1, NT2 can accommodate a variety of processing needs.

[0087] As an example, when the above-mentioned workstation 180 is placed only on one side of the machine tool 100, the gantry loader 200 takes out the workpiece before machining from the workstation 180 and takes in the machined workpiece to the same workstation 180. That is, the workpiece is taken in and out from one side of the machine tool 100 in the Z-axis direction. In this case, of the protective covers PC1 and PC2, only the protective cover on one side adjacent to the workstation 180 is removed from the cover body 130. This allows the transport body 260 of the gantry loader 200 to pass through one side of the cutout portions NT1 and NT2. As a result, it is possible to meet machining needs such as taking out the workpiece before machining from the workstation 180 and transporting the machined workpiece to the same workstation 180.

[0088] As another example, when the above-mentioned workstations 180 are placed on both sides of the machine tool 100 in the Z-axis direction, the gantry loader 200 takes out an unmachined workpiece from the workstation 180 on one side and takes in a machined workpiece to the workstation 180 on the other side. In this case, both protective covers PC1 and PC2 are removed from the cover body 130. This allows the carrier 260 of the gantry loader 200 to pass through both the cutouts NT1 and NT2. As a result, it is possible to meet machining needs such as taking out an unmachined workpiece from the workstation 180 on one side and taking in a machined workpiece to the workstation 180 on the other side.

[0089] As yet another example, it is also possible to meet machining needs realized by arranging a plurality of machine tools 100 in a line in the Z-axis direction. In this case, of the protective covers PC1, PC2 of each machine tool 100, the protective covers other than those at both ends in the Z-axis direction are removed. In addition, the protective cover on the side adjacent to the workstation 180 is also removed from the cover body 130. This allows the transport body 260 of the gantry loader 200 to transport a workpiece to any of the machine tools 100.

[0090] Preferably, the protective cover PC1 is made of the same material as the mounting portion of the cover body 130. Further, the protective cover PC1 is made of a material different from the side surface of the lid body CV on the negative side in the Z-axis direction. Similarly, the protective cover PC2 is made of the same material as the mounting portion of the cover body 130. Further, the protective cover PC2 is made of a material different from the side surface of the lid body CV on the positive side in the Z-axis direction. By configuring the protective covers PC1 and PC2 with the same material as the cover body 130, the design of the machine tool 100 is not impaired.

[0091] <K. Drive mechanism related to the machine tool 100> Next, with reference to FIG. 15, the drive mechanism in the machine tool 100 will be described. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the drive mechanism of the machine tool 100.

[0092] As shown in FIG. 15, the machine tool 100 includes the above-described first work spindle 22, the above-described second work spindle 27, the above-described tool spindle 30, the control unit 50, and drive units 210, 220, 230A, and 230B.

[0093] The control unit 50 controls various devices (for example, the machine tool 100) that make up the processing system 10. The device configuration of the control unit 50 is arbitrary. The control unit 50 may be composed of a single control unit or a plurality of control units. As an example, the control unit 50 includes at least one of a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).

[0094] The drive unit 210 is a drive mechanism for rotationally driving the first work spindle 22. The drive unit 210 may be composed of a single drive unit or a plurality of drive units. In the example of FIG. 15, the drive unit 210 is composed of a motor driver 211C and a motor 212C.

[0095] The motor driver 211C sequentially receives input of the target rotation angle or the target rotation speed of the first work spindle 22 from the control unit 50, and outputs a current according to the target rotation angle or the target rotation speed to the motor 212C. As a result, the work held by the first work spindle 22 rotates about the Z-axis direction as the center of rotation. The motor 212C may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0096] The drive unit 220 is a drive mechanism for driving the second work spindle 27. The drive unit 220 may be composed of a single drive unit, or may be composed of multiple drive units. In the example of Fig. 15, the drive unit 220 is composed of a motor driver 221Z and a motor 222Z.

[0097] The motor driver 221Z sequentially receives input of target positions for the first work spindle 22 from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target positions to the motor 222Z. As a result, the motor 222Z moves the second work spindle 27 to an arbitrary position in the Z-axis direction. The motor 222Z may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0098] The driving unit 230A is a driving mechanism for moving the tool spindle 30. The driving unit 230A may be composed of a single driving unit, or may be composed of a plurality of driving units. In the example of Fig. 15, the driving unit 230A is composed of motor drivers 231X to 231Z and motors 232X to 232Z.

[0099] The motor driver 231X sequentially receives input of target positions of the tool spindle 30 in the X-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target positions to the motor 232X. As a result, the motor 232X drives the tool spindle 30 to an arbitrary position in the X-axis direction. The motor 232X may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0100] The motor driver 231Y sequentially receives input of target positions of the tool spindle 30 in the Y-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target positions to the motor 232Y. As a result, the motor 232Y drives the tool spindle 30 to an arbitrary position in the Y-axis direction. The motor 232Y may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0101] The motor driver 231Z sequentially receives input of target positions of the tool spindle 30 in the Z-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target positions to the motor 232Z. As a result, the motor 232Z moves the tool spindle 30 to an arbitrary position in the Z-axis direction. The motor 232Z may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0102] The driving unit 230B is a driving mechanism for rotationally driving the tool spindle 30. The driving unit 230B may be composed of a single driving unit, or may be composed of a plurality of driving units. In the example of Fig. 15, the driving unit 230B is composed of motor drivers 231A, 231B and motors 232A, 232B.

[0103] The motor driver 231A sequentially receives from the control unit 50 an input of a target rotation angle or a target rotation speed of the tool spindle 30 centered on the X-axis direction, and outputs a current corresponding to the target rotation angle or the target rotation speed to the motor 232A. The motor 232A rotationally drives the tool spindle 30 centered on the X-axis direction. The motor 232A may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or other types of motors.

[0104] The motor driver 231B sequentially receives from the control unit 50 an input of a target rotation angle or a target rotation speed of the tool spindle 30 centered on the axial direction of the tool spindle 30, and outputs a current corresponding to the target rotation angle or the target rotation speed to the motor 232B. The motor 232B rotationally drives the tool spindle 30 centered on the axial direction of the tool spindle 30. The motor 232B may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or other types of motors.

[0105] <Drive mechanism related to the L. option unit> Next, with reference to FIG. 16, a drive mechanism related to an option unit that can be retrofitted to the machine tool 100 will be described. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a drive mechanism of the option unit. In FIG. 16, as an example of the option unit, a carrier 260 of the gantry loader 200 and an automatic door DR3 are shown.

[0106] As shown in FIG. 16, the processing system 10 includes the above-described gantry loader 200, the above-described automatic door DR3, the above-described control unit 50, and drive units 240 and 250.

[0107] The drive unit 240 is a drive mechanism for moving the carrier 260 of the gantry loader 200. The drive unit 240 may be composed of a single drive unit or a plurality of drive units. In the example of FIG. 16, the drive unit 240 is composed of motor drivers 241X to 241Z and motors 242X to 242Z.

[0108] The motor driver 241X sequentially receives input of the target position of the conveyance body 260 in the X-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target position to the motor 242X. As a result, the motor 242X drives the conveyance body 260 to an arbitrary position in the X-axis direction. The motor 242X may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0109] The motor driver 241Y sequentially receives input of the target position of the conveyance body 260 in the Y-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target position to the motor 242Y. As a result, the motor 242Y drives the conveyance body 260 to an arbitrary position in the Y-axis direction. The motor 242Y may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or another type of motor.

[0110] The motor driver 241Z sequentially receives input of the target position of the conveyance body 260 in the Z-axis direction from the control unit 50, and outputs a current corresponding to the target position to the motor 242Z. As a result, the motor 242Z moves the conveyance body 260 to an arbitrary position in the Z-axis direction. The motor 242Z may be an AC motor, a stepping motor, a servo motor, or any other type of motor.

[0111] The driving unit 250 is a driving mechanism for opening and closing the automatic door DR3. The driving unit 250 may be composed of a single driving unit, or may be composed of multiple driving units. In the example of FIG. 16, the driving unit 250 is composed of an air cylinder ACL and an air cylinder ACR. The driving unit 250 may be composed of a driving motor such as a servo motor.

[0112] The air cylinder ACL drives the left door SDL in the Z-axis direction in response to a control command from the control unit 50. The air cylinder ACR drives the right door SDR in the Z-axis direction in response to a control command from the control unit 50.

[0113] <Hardware Configuration of Control Unit 50> Next, with reference to FIG. 17, the hardware configuration of the control unit 50 shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 described above will be explained. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the control unit 50.

[0114] The control unit 50 includes a control circuit 101, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 102, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 103, a communication interface 104, and an auxiliary storage device 120. These components are connected to an internal bus 109.

[0115] The control circuit 101 is constituted by, for example, at least one integrated circuit. The integrated circuit can be constituted by, for example, at least one CPU, at least one GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), at least one ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), at least one FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a combination thereof.

[0116] The control circuit 101 controls the operation of the control unit 50 by executing various programs such as a control program 122. Based on receiving an execution instruction of the control program 122, the control circuit 101 reads the control program 122 from the auxiliary storage device 120 or the ROM 102 into the RAM 103. The RAM 103 functions as a working memory and temporarily stores various data necessary for the execution of the control program 122.

[0117] The communication interface 104 is an interface for performing periodic communication with an external device using a field network. As the field network, for example, EtherCAT (registered trademark), EtherNet / IP (registered trademark), CC-Link (registered trademark), or CompoNet (registered trademark) is adopted.

[0118] The auxiliary storage device 120 is a storage medium such as a hard disk or a flash memory, for example. The auxiliary storage device 120 stores a control program 122 and the like. Note that the storage location of the control program 122 is not limited to the auxiliary storage device 120, and it may be stored in a storage area of the control circuit 101 (for example, a cache memory), the ROM 102, the RAM 103, an external device (for example, a server), or the like.

[0119] Also, the control program 122 may be provided not as a single program but as a part incorporated into an arbitrary program. In this case, various processes according to the present embodiment are realized in cooperation with an arbitrary program. Even a program that does not include such a part of the module does not deviate from the gist of the control program 122 according to the present embodiment. Further, some or all of the functions provided by the control program 122 may be realized by dedicated hardware. Further, the control unit 50 may be configured in a form such as a so-called cloud service in which at least one server executes a part of the processing of the control program 122.

[0120] <O. Modification Example> In the above-described FIG. 4, a rectangular opening P1 is shown. However, the shape of the opening P1 may adopt any shape extending in the longitudinal direction parallel to the conveyance direction of the gantry loader 200 on the horizontal plane. As an example, the shape of the opening P1 may be rectangular, or the length in the X-axis direction may vary depending on the position in the Z-axis direction.

[0121] Also, in the above-described FIG. 4, a rectangular lid body CV is shown. However, the shape of the lid body CV may adopt any shape that can cover the opening P1. As an example, the shape of the lid body CV may be a polygonal shape such as a square or a hexagon.

[0122] 6, the cover body CV is provided with the top door DR, but the cover body CV does not necessarily have to be provided with a door. As an example, the cover body CV may be a plate that only covers the opening P1.

[0123] 7, the lid body CV is provided on the cover body 130 in a state inclined in the X-axis direction, but the lid body CV does not necessarily have to be inclined. As an example, the lid body CV may be provided on the cover body 130 parallel to the horizontal plane. As another example, the lid body CV may be provided on the cover body 130 in a state inclined in the Z-axis direction.

[0124] 8 and 9, the automatic door DR3 is opened only when the gantry loader 200 loads or unloads the workpiece W into or from the machine tool 100, but the manner of controlling the opening and closing of the automatic door DR3 is not limited to this. As an example, when the machine tool 100 processes the workpiece without using a coolant, the automatic door DR3 may be always open.

[0125] 12 above has been described as an example in which the safety fence FE is retrofitted to the interface unit IF so that the height complies with the safety standards, but if the safety standards are met without retrofitting the safety fence FE, the safety fence FE does not have to be retrofitted to the cover body 130 of the machine tool 100. In addition, the interface unit IF does not have to be provided on the cover body 130 either.

[0126] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0127] 10 Machining system, 11 Bed, 22 First work spindle, 23 First chuck mechanism, 27 Second work spindle, 28 Second chuck mechanism, 30 Tool spindle, 50 Control unit, 100 Machine tool, 100X Machine tool, 101 Control circuit, 102 ROM, 103 RAM, 104 Communication interface, 109 Internal bus, 120 Auxiliary storage device, 122 Control program, 130 Cover body, 130X Cover body, 180 Work station, 200 Gantry loader, 210 Drive unit, 211C Motor driver, 212C Motor, 220 Drive unit, 221Z Motor driver, 222Z Motor, 230A Drive unit, 230B Drive unit, 231A Motor driver, 231B Motor driver, 231X Motor driver, 231Y Motor driver, 231Z Motor driver, 232A motor, 232B motor, 232X motor, 232Y motor, 232Z motor, 240 drive unit, 241X motor driver, 241Y motor driver, 241Z motor driver, 242X motor, 242Y motor, 242Z motor, 250 drive unit, 252A support column, 252B support column, 253 rail mechanism, 260 transport body, 261 slider, 262 lifting rod, ACL air cylinder, ACR air cylinder, AR processing area, AX1 axis, AX2 axis, B1 support unit, B2 support unit, C opening / closing sensor, CV cover body, CV1 cover, CV2 cover, CV3 cover, CV4 cover, DR1 front door, DR2 ceiling door, DR3 automatic door, DRX front door, FE safety fence, FR frame, GL Linear guide, GR linear guide, H handle, IF interface section, NT1 cutout section, NT2 cutout section, P1 opening, P2 opening, PC1 protective cover, PC2 protective cover, SDL left door, SDR right door, SF1 bottom surface, SF2 top surface, T tool, W workpiece, WL vertical wall section.

Claims

1. A machine tool capable of machining a workpiece, a cover body defining a processing area for the workpiece, a first opening for a gantry loader to transport the workpiece to the processing area is formed in a ceiling of the cover body, the first opening extending in a longitudinal direction parallel to a transport direction of the gantry loader on a horizontal plane, A machine tool comprising a lid body provided on the cover body so as to cover the first opening, the lid body being configured to be detachable from the cover body.

2. The machine tool according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the lid body in a longitudinal direction of the first opening is the same as or greater than a width of the cover body in the longitudinal direction.

3. A second opening is formed in a side surface of the cover body, The machine tool further includes a door provided to cover the second opening, The machine tool according to claim 2 , wherein an upper end of the second opening is parallel to the longitudinal direction.

4. 4. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein a surface of the lid body on the side of the machining area is inclined so as to become lower toward the back in a front view of the machining area seen from the door.

5. The machine tool further includes first and second support parts for supporting both ends of the cover body in a short side direction of the first opening along the longitudinal direction, The first support portion is located on the front side of the second support portion in a front view of the processing area seen from the door, The machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first support portion is further configured to support the door on a side opposite to the lid body.

6. An interface section for mounting a safety fence is provided on the ceiling of the cover body, 4. The machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the interface portion is located behind the door and in front of the first opening in a front view of the machining area from the door, and extends in the longitudinal direction.

7. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lid body is made up of a plurality of lids.

8. The machine tool according to claim 7 , wherein the plurality of lids include a first lid that is configured to be openable and closable, and a second lid that cannot be opened and closed.

9. The machine tool further comprises: A control unit; a sensor for detecting an open / closed state of the first lid, The machine tool according to claim 8 , wherein the control unit executes a process for prohibiting the machine tool from machining the workpiece when the first lid is in an open state.

10. The machine tool further includes a workpiece spindle for rotating the workpiece, The machine tool according to claim 8 , wherein the first cover overlaps with the workpiece spindle in a top view.

11. The cover body is provided with an interface portion for mounting the lid body, The interface unit is configured so that a door can be attached instead of the lid body, The machine tool further comprises: A drive unit for driving the door to open and close; A control unit capable of controlling the drive unit, The control unit is A process of opening the door before the gantry loader carries the workpiece into the processing area; The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a process of closing the door after the gantry loader has carried in the workpiece into the processing area.

12. The cover body is formed with first and second cutout portions, When viewed from one side in the longitudinal direction, the first cutout portion overlaps with the lid body, When viewed from one side in the longitudinal direction, the second cutout portion overlaps with the lid body, The machine tool further comprises: a first protective cover provided on the cover body so as to cover the first cutout portion; The machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a second protective cover provided on the cover body so as to cover the second cutout portion, the first protective cover and the second protective cover being configured to be detachable from the cover body.

13. The machine tool according to claim 12 , wherein the first protective cover and the second protective cover are made of the same material as the cover body.

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