Ground excavation method and ground excavation system

Abstract

To provide a ground excavation method and a ground excavation system that can reduce labor in excavation work for a hole such as a foundation hole of steel tower construction and a pit by human power, and can safely and easily conduct the excavation work.SOLUTION: While supporting an excavation device 2 that is operated by a worker W while holding it in hands in a hole D through a holding auxiliary device 3 having a balancer mechanism for reducing a weight of the excavation device while taking balance with the weight, excavation of the hole is conducted by using the excavation device 2. The excavation device 2 may be supported in a state that the holding auxiliary device 3 is suspended upward the hole.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a ground excavation method and system used when excavating holes in the ground for foundation work, shaft construction, and the like when constructing a building or civil engineering structure. [Background technology]

[0002] When constructing a steel tower for power transmission, it is necessary to build a strong foundation so that it will not collapse due to strong winds, earthquakes, etc. The construction of the steel tower foundation involves processes such as placing rebar in a vertical hole formed by excavating the ground, pouring concrete, and fixing each leg of the steel tower.

[0003] In order to firmly support a steel tower, in order to ensure sufficient strength against the pulling force, for example, a deep foundation method is used in which a deep hole with a diameter of several meters and a depth of several meters to several tens of meters is excavated. In this deep foundation method, a liner plate is used to prevent the excavated hole wall from collapsing, and a hole of the required depth is excavated by sequentially repeating the excavation of a depth corresponding to the height of one step of the liner plate and the insertion of the liner plate.

[0004] Furthermore, for example, when excavating a hole in ground containing a hard rock layer, there have been cases where blasting or the like has been used in addition to mechanical excavation (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0005] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a deep foundation hole excavation method in which, when bedrock is exposed during the process of digging a small-diameter deep foundation hole for a steel tower, a hydraulically operated work cart is brought into the deep foundation hole and a hydraulic unit is placed on the ground around the deep foundation hole. A large drill bit is attached to the work cart and brought into the deep foundation hole, and holes are drilled approximately vertically at predetermined intervals according to a predetermined blasting pattern and holes are appropriately drilled inside the blasting pattern. During this time, holes are drilled approximately vertically just in front of the cart without moving it much, completing the drilling work in a short time. The work cart is then withdrawn outside the deep foundation hole to perform blasting work, the crushed material is transported out of the hole, a liner is assembled on the hole wall, and the work cart is brought back into the hole to repeat the excavation work. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-301087 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] In hole excavation work such as the above-mentioned deep foundation method, for example, because the hole has a relatively small diameter, a work machine cannot enter the hole, or because the hole wall cannot be excavated into the specified shape using a work machine or blasting alone, manual labor must be used in addition to the work machine or blasting. For these and other reasons, workers are often forced to enter the hole and perform the excavation work using hand-held excavation equipment and drilling tools.

[0008] When workers perform excavation work manually, they use excavation equipment such as hand-held breakers, high-pressure water jet devices, and soil discharge suction devices.

[0009] However, because these excavation machines are heavy, there were problems such as a heavy burden on the workers, heavy work, and long working hours. Furthermore, to handle heavy excavation machines, a certain degree of high skill is required in addition to physical strength, and there was a risk of a shortage of workers due to aging, etc.

[0010] Furthermore, during the process of attaching the liner plate to the wall of the hole during hole drilling work, the steel liner plate is heavy and requires multiple people to hold it while installing it, which poses the problem of requiring labor and manpower.

[0011] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a ground excavation method and system that can reduce the labor required for excavating holes such as foundation holes and vertical shafts, and allow the work to be performed safely and easily. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides After installing the retaining material on the wall of the hole that has been excavated in advance, the worker enters the hole and excavates the hole deeper. It is an excavation method, The above The drilling device is operated by an operator in a hole by hand, and the drilling device is supported via a holding auxiliary device having a balancer mechanism that balances the weight of the drilling device and reduces the weight of the device, and the drilling device is used to excavate the hole. In the excavation step, the holding auxiliary device is supported at a predetermined height via a support pillar erected upward from the edge of the hole, and the lower end of the support pillar is fixed to the retaining member. It consists of a ground excavation method.

[0013] The auxiliary holding device may be configured to suspend the drilling device via a rope so that the drilling device can be lifted up and lowered. Suspension by the rope makes it easier for an operator holding the drilling device to move within the hole.

[0014] In addition, the holding auxiliary device may be suspended above the hole to support the excavation device.

[0015] Also, the hole may be excavated while the auxiliary holding device is adjusted in position above the hole.

[0016] The method also includes an excavation process for excavating a hole to a predetermined depth, and a retaining process for installing retaining members on the wall surface of the excavated hole, and in the retaining process, the holding assistance device may also be used to suspend and support the retaining members installed by the worker.

[0017] The auxiliary holding device may also be used to suspend and support the worker in the hole while the worker ascends and descends in the hole.

[0018] Further, the present invention relates to A ground excavation system used when workers enter a hole that has been excavated in advance and then excavate the hole deeper after installing a retaining member on the wall of the hole, Operated by hand by worker inside the hole do An excavation device, a holding auxiliary device having a balancer mechanism for balancing the weight of the excavation device and supporting / reducing the force with which the worker holds the excavation device by hand, and a holding auxiliary device for supporting the holding auxiliary device. The above and a support means for supporting the hole above the hole. The support means has a support pillar erected upward from the edge of the hole, and the lower end of the support pillar is fixed to the retaining member. It consists of a drilling system. Effect of the Invention

[0019] According to the excavation method of the present invention, which is a method for excavating a hole in the ground, the excavation device is held in the worker's hand and operated within the hole, and the hole is excavated using the excavation device while being supported via a holding auxiliary device having a balancer mechanism that balances the weight of the excavation device and reduces the weight of the excavation device.Since the excavation device can be supported in a way that reduces the weight of the excavation equipment, such as a breaker device, rock drill, high-pressure water flow device, and soil discharge suction device, held by the worker during the work of excavating the hole, it is possible to reduce labor and perform the excavation work safely and easily. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a ground excavation method and an excavation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a preparatory step for excavating a hole by the ground excavation method of FIG. 1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for installing an excavation system using the ground excavation method of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one step of excavating a hole using the ground excavation method of FIG. 1. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the steps of excavating a hole by the ground excavation method of FIG. 1, in which (a) is an excavation step and (b) is a retaining step. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a worker ascending and descending in a hole in the ground excavation method of FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. However, the following embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0022] The ground excavation method and excavation system of the present invention are used when manually excavating holes in the ground, for example, when excavating holes in the ground for foundation work of a power transmission tower.

[0023] In this embodiment, the excavation system 1 is installed in a hole D that has been excavated from the ground to a certain depth by a heavy machine such as a backhoe, as shown in FIG. 2, and then a worker W enters the hole D and deepens the hole D. Digging Used to move forward.

[0024] The hole D is excavated, for example, in a circular shape in a plan view. A liner plate LP as an earth retaining member is installed in advance in the hole D according to the depth of the hole excavated by the heavy machine.

[0025] Fig. 1 shows one embodiment of the excavation system of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the excavation system 1 according to this embodiment includes an excavation device 2 and a holding auxiliary device 3 that assists an operator in holding the excavation device 2 by hand. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the excavation system 1 includes a support means 4 that supports the holding auxiliary device 3 above the hole D.

[0026] In this embodiment, there are provided two sets of the excavation device 2, the holding assistance device 3, and the support means 4 that constitute the excavation system 1. Note that there may be only one set of each of these, or two or more sets of each may be provided.

[0027] The excavation device 2 is a handheld excavation device that is operated by hand by a worker W when excavating a hole within a hole.

[0028] The excavation equipment 2 is, for example, a conventionally well-known device such as a breaker device (2A) that vibrates a tip tool to break up ground or rock, a rock drill, a high-pressure water flow device that breaks up ground or rock with a high-pressure water flow, or a soil discharge suction device (2B) that uses negative pressure to suck up soil generated in a hole during excavation work.

[0029] For example, a handheld breaker device (2A) is pneumatically operated, and a chisel at the tip is vibrated by a piston, and the tip of the chisel is brought into contact with the ground or rock to break up the ground. A breaker device weighing, for example, 10 to 30 kg is used. The breaker device (2A) is connected to an air hose 21 for driving and to a compressor on the ground side.

[0030] For example, a handheld soil discharge suction device (2B) is connected to a suction hose 22 which is connected to a negative pressure suction device on the ground side, and soil is sucked up by negative pressure from the tip of the hose on the worker W side inside the hole D, and transported to the ground side and discharged.

[0031] The holding assistance device 3 is a hand-held assist means for supporting a hand-held excavation device 2 such as a breaker device, and for assisting or reducing the force with which an operator holds the excavation device 2 by hand.

[0032] In this embodiment, the holding auxiliary device 3 has a balancer mechanism that reduces the weight load by balancing with the weight of the excavation device 2 and compensating for the weight of the excavation device 2. Furthermore, the holding auxiliary device 3 has a suspending function that suspends the excavation device 2 upward and downward. In other words, the holding auxiliary device 3 can be said to be an auxiliary device that combines a lifting function that raises and lowers the excavation device 2 and a balancing function or weight compensation function as a balancer that reduces the weight load of the excavation device.

[0033] The auxiliary holding device 3 is disposed above the hole D via the support means 4, at approximately the center of the hole in plan view.

[0034] The holding auxiliary device 3 is, for example, a well-known hoist with a balancing function, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The holding auxiliary device 3 includes, for example, a frame 31 having a hook for suspending the holding auxiliary device attached to its upper end, a wire rope (rod) 33 having a hook 32 fixed to its lower end that is detachably attached directly to the excavation device 2 or indirectly via a rope, a drum for winding up and down the wire rope 33, a motor for driving the drum to rotate forward and reverse via a reducer, a load sensor for detecting the load, a control unit for reading the load from the load sensor and performing various controls such as function control of the balancer mechanism, on / off control of the balancing function, or forward and reverse rotation of the motor, i.e., winding up and winding down the wire rope, and an operation remote control.

[0035] In this embodiment, the hook of the holding assistance device 3 32 The upper end of a cable 5 such as a wire is hung on the bottom of the tank, and the excavation device 2 is attached to the lower end of the cable 5 and suspended therefrom.

[0036] It is also possible to attach a hook at the lower end of the wire rope 33 of the auxiliary holding device 3 to the excavation device 2 without providing the cable 5. In other words, the wire rope 33 of the auxiliary holding device 3 itself may be used as a cable for suspending and supporting the excavation device 2.

[0037] The support means 4 is a support means for supporting the holding assistance device 3 above the hole. In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the support means 4 includes a support post 41 erected upward from the edge of the hole D, and an arm portion 42 extending laterally from above the support post 41 toward the center of the hole D in a plan view.

[0038] The support pillar 41 is, for example, a straight, elongated metal pole. The lower end of the support pillar 41 is fixed via a fixing bracket to the liner plate LP on the upper end side of the hole D. The support pillar 41 may also be fixed to the ground or the like around the hole.

[0039] The arm portion 42 is attached to the support column 41 so as to extend horizontally from the upper end of the support column 41 .

[0040] The arm portion 42 has a slider 421 that slides along the longitudinal direction of the arm portion 42, and a stopper 422 that restricts the slider 421 at a predetermined sliding position.

[0041] The holding auxiliary device 3 is attached to the slider 421 of the arm portion 42. 42 After the position of the auxiliary holding device 3 is adjusted, the auxiliary holding device 3 is fixed in a predetermined position by a stopper 422.

[0042] Furthermore, the arm unit 42 is provided so that the base side attached to the support 41 can rotate around the vertical axis Z. The arm unit 42 can rotate within an angle range of 180 degrees from +90 degrees to -90 degrees, with the direction along the radial direction of the hole D being 0 degrees in a plan view, for example, and can be changed to any position above the hole or a position retracted from above the hole.

[0043] In this embodiment, the arm portion 42 is rotatable about the vertical axis relative to the support pillar, and the holding auxiliary device 3 can be slid along the longitudinal direction of the arm portion 42, so that the planar position of the holding auxiliary device 3 relative to the hole can be adjusted. As a result, the holding auxiliary device 3 can be supported in a suitable manner in response to the position, movement range, etc. of the worker W or the excavation device 2 held by the worker W in the hole D.

[0044] The arm portion 42 may be fixedly attached to the support 41. Also, the holding assistance device 3 may be fixedly attached to the arm portion 42.

[0045] Basically, the holding auxiliary device 3 may be installed either inside or outside the hole. When the holding auxiliary device 3 is installed inside the hole, an arm-type air balancer or the like may be installed and used inside the hole. Preferably, by installing the holding auxiliary device 3 outside the hole D as described above, the holding auxiliary device does not occupy the space inside the hole, and the working space for the worker inside the hole can be secured, improving workability.

[0046] Next, the operation of the excavation system and the ground excavation method of this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in Fig. 2(a), a liner plate LP is installed as an earth retaining member on the ground side of the ground G as a preparation for excavation.

[0047] After the liner plate LP is installed, fixing concrete Cn is poured to fix the liner plate LP.

[0048] Fig. 2(b) is a diagram showing a heavy machine excavation process in which excavation is performed using heavy machine HM prior to the manual excavation process. As shown in Fig. 2(b), a hole D is excavated from the ground G by heavy machine HM such as a backhoe. When the hole D is excavated to a depth that can be excavated by the heavy machine HM, a liner plate LP is attached.

[0049] As shown in Figure 3, a liner plate LP is connected to the ground side and a fall prevention fence FE is installed on top of it.

[0050] The support pillar 41 is laid horizontally on the ground. 3 The support pillar 41 and the arm portion 42 are assembled on the ground. After assembly, they are hoisted up by a crane or the like (not shown) so that the support pillar 41 is in an upright position. The lower end of the support pillar 41 is fixed to the liner plate LP, and the auxiliary holding device 3 is installed above the hole D.

[0051] If necessary, the position of the auxiliary holding device 3 over the hole can be adjusted by rotating the arm portion 42 about the vertical axis or by sliding the position of the auxiliary holding device 3 relative to the arm portion 42.

[0052] Next, the liner plate LP to be connected below is inserted into the hole D. The worker W enters the hole D and performs the work of attaching the liner plate LP. At this time, the liner plate LP to be attached is supported by the auxiliary holding device 3 via the ropes 5.

[0053] For example, a steel liner plate LP weighs about 30 kg, but the worker can install the liner plate while it is supported so as to reduce its weight by the balancer mechanism of the support auxiliary device 3. This assisted the worker in lifting and holding the liner plate by hand, reducing the labor required and the number of workers required.

[0054] As shown in Fig. 4, a small heavy machine HM such as an electric backhoe is brought into the hole D, and the heavy machine HM excavates the hole D to a predetermined depth. The soil excavated by the heavy machine HM is placed in a soil transport bag or container suspended by a jib crane CL or the like, and is discharged outside the hole D.

[0055] For safety reasons, it is advisable to have an OB stationed on the ground to monitor the work.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 5(a), in the excavation process in which a worker W enters a hole D and excavates by manually operating a handheld excavation device 2, the work is performed with the excavation device 2 supported by a holding auxiliary device 3 equipped with a balancer mechanism.

[0057] For example, a breaker device (2A) for excavating the side wall of a hole is supported on a holding auxiliary device 3 via a cable 5. The length of the wire rope of the holding auxiliary device 3 is adjusted by winding up and down the wire rope of the holding auxiliary device 3 using a remote control according to the depth of the hole and the length of the cable 5 so that the balancer mechanism of the holding auxiliary device 3 can function.

[0058] The breaker device (2A) weighs approximately 10 to 30 kg, but the weight is reduced by the balancer mechanism of the holding assistance device 3, allowing the worker to perform excavation work while being assisted in holding the breaker device by hand.

[0059] Similarly, for example, the soil discharge suction device (2B) is also supported by another auxiliary holding device 3 via a rope 5. The auxiliary holding device 3 reduces its weight, and the worker can discharge the soil generated during excavation while being assisted in holding the breaker device.

[0060] In this way, the excavation device 2 can be handled while the weight of the excavation device 2 is supported by the balancer mechanism assisted by the holding assistance device 3, so that the labor of the worker can be reduced and the work efficiency can be improved when manually excavating a hole. Also, since the excavation device 2 can be operated with its weight reduced, it is expected that anyone can safely and easily perform excavation work, regardless of whether they are physically strong or technically skilled.

[0061] After the excavation step in Fig. 5(a) has been completed to a predetermined depth, a retaining step is performed to attach a liner plate LP, as shown in Fig. 5(b). In the retaining step, the excavation device 2 is removed from the auxiliary holding device 3, and the liner plate LP is supported by the auxiliary holding device 3. As in Fig. 3, the worker can install the liner plate LP while it is supported by the balancer mechanism of the auxiliary holding device 3 to reduce its weight.

[0062] This allows the supporting device 3, which reduces the weight of the excavation equipment 2 and supports it, to also be used to support the liner plate LP, assisting the worker in lifting and holding the liner plate with his hands, allowing the retaining work to be carried out with reduced effort.

[0063] The excavation process of FIG. 5(a) and the retaining process of FIG. 5(b) are repeated in sequence to excavate hole D to a specified depth.

[0064] When the worker W ascends or descends within the hole D, a step ST for ascending or descending is attached along the liner plate LP as shown in Fig. 6. Furthermore, a safety block SB is installed, and the worker W is made to wear a hanging hook of the safety block SB.

[0065] At the same time, with the excavation device 2 and the liner plate LP removed from the auxiliary holding device 3, the hook 32 at the lower end of the wire rope 33 of the auxiliary holding device 3 is attached to the worker W. By using the auxiliary holding device 3 to support the worker in the hole D, the worker W can ascend and descend the hole with his or her weight reduced by the balance mechanism of the auxiliary holding device 3.

[0066] In this way, the supporting device 3, which supports the excavation device 2 by reducing its weight, can also be used to reduce the weight of the worker himself, allowing the worker to ascend and descend the hole safely and with little effort.

[0067] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The ground excavation method and excavation auxiliary device of the present invention can be suitably used in, for example, the foundation work of a steel tower or other work in which the ground is excavated manually to excavate holes. [Explanation of symbols]

[0068] 1. Drilling System 2. Drilling equipment 3 Holding aid device 4 Support means D hole W Worker LP liner plate

Claims

1. This is an excavation method in which holes are excavated in the ground. A ground excavation method characterized in that an excavation device is held by an operator in a hole and operated within the hole, and the excavation device is supported via a holding auxiliary device having a balancer mechanism that reduces the weight of the excavation device while balancing it, and the hole is excavated using the excavation device.

2. 2. The ground excavation method according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary holding device suspends the excavation device via a cable so that the excavation device can be lifted up and lowered.

3. 3. The ground excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the excavation device is supported in a state in which the auxiliary holding device is suspended above the hole.

4. 4. The ground excavation method according to claim 3, wherein the hole is excavated while adjusting the position of the auxiliary holding device above the hole.

5. a drilling step of drilling a hole to a predetermined depth; and a retaining step of installing a retaining member for retaining soil on a wall surface of the excavated hole, 5. The ground excavation method according to claim 1, wherein in the retaining step, the auxiliary holding device is also used to suspend and support the retaining member installed by the worker.

6. 6. The excavation method according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary holding device also serves to suspend and support the worker in the hole, while the worker ascends and descends in the hole.

7. a drilling device that is manually operated by an operator within the hole; A holding assistance device having a balancer mechanism that balances the weight of the excavation device to assist and reduce the force with which the operator holds the excavation device by hand; A ground excavation system comprising: a support means for supporting the auxiliary holding device above a hole.

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