Glucosinolate-containing plant powder and method for producing the same

Abstract

To provide glucosinolate-containing plant powder having a high glucosinolate content.SOLUTION: A solution to the problem is a method for producing a glucosinolate-containing plant powder, comprising at least steps of heating, drying and crushing. A glucosinolate-containing plant is subjected to heating in the heating step. The heating is performed with water vapor and superheated steam. It is preferable that the glucosinolate-containing plant is cruciferous vegetables. It is preferable that the glucoraphanin content of the glucosinolate-containing plant is 1.0 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to glucosinolate-containing plant powders and methods for their production. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, with the rise in health consciousness, people are paying attention to the nutritional and functional components of food and beverages. Among the various foods and beverages available, green juice drinks are widely recognized as a way to easily ingest the nutritional components of vegetables. Green juice is generally made from green plants such as young barley leaves and kale. Various studies have been conducted to process these ingredients into a form suitable for consumption.

[0003] On the other hand, one of the functional components derived from food that has attracted attention is glucosinolates (hereinafter also referred to as "GSLs"). GSLs are contained in plants, such as cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, and radish. It is known that the intake of GSLs prevents and improves various diseases such as cancer and liver damage. When ingested, GSLs are converted into isothiocyanates (hereinafter also referred to as "ITCs"), and ITCs act as the active form to show the aforementioned preventive and improving effects. Various studies have been conducted on glucosinolates in order to turn them into materials.

[0004] Patent Document 1 describes foods and extracts containing cruciferous plants, and the foods contain new shoots obtained by germinating the seeds of cruciferous plants and cultivating them for a certain period of time.

[0005] Moreover, Patent Document 2 describes a plant powder, which is dried at a certain temperature for a certain time and then pulverized to obtain a natural plant material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 2000-502245 [Patent Document 2] Special Publication No. 2013-544092 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a glucosinolate-containing plant powder having a high glucosinolate content. A low glucosinolate content is inherent in conventional green plant powders such as green juice. The glucosinolate content decreases during processing. Furthermore, in powder form, the content per unit decreases when an excipient is used to increase dispersibility. What is required of a glucosinolate-containing plant powder for consumption is to increase the glucosinolate content. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to solve the problem, the present inventors have intensively studied and discovered the relationship between the glucosinolate content in glucosinolate-containing plant powder and the processing step. The glucosinolate contained in glucosinolate-containing plants is generally affected by myrosinase present in the plants and is attenuated by processing. In addition, although a method such as heating can be used to inactivate myrosinase, the glucosinolate content in the final product changes depending on the method and timing of inactivation. Furthermore, when a general excipient is used to increase the dispersibility of glucosinolate-containing plant powder, the dispersibility increases, but the glucosinolate content in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder decreases. From such a viewpoint, the present invention is defined as follows.

[0009] The manufacturing method of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder comprises at least heating, drying and grinding. In the heating step, the glucosinolate-containing plant is heated by the device. The heating is performed by steam or superheated steam. The glucosinolate-containing plant is preferably a cruciferous vegetable. The glucoraphanin content of the glucosinolate-containing plant is preferably 1.0 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant.

[0010] In the drying and grinding step, the heated glucosinolate-containing plant is dried and ground by a person or a machine. The drying is performed simultaneously with or before the grinding. The drying method preferably includes at least thermal drying. The particle size of the ground glucosinolate-containing plant dry product is preferably d10 25 μm or less, d50 50 μm or less, and d90 130 μm or less. Furthermore, the particle size of the granulated glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably d10 30 μm or more, d50 60 μm or more, and d90 100 μm or more.

[0011] The method further comprises a granulation step, in which the dried and ground glucosinolate-containing plant dry product is granulated by a person or machine. The binder used in the granulation is water or a glucosinolate-containing liquid composition. The granulation method is preferably fluidized bed granulation.

[0012] One aspect of the present invention is a glucosinolate-containing plant powder, which contains at least glucoraphanin. The glucoraphanin content of the green plant glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably 5 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder. In addition, the myrosinase activity of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably less than 1 unit / g. Furthermore, the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is substantially free of sulforaphane.

[0013] The particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably d10 30 μm or more, d50 60 μm or more, and d90 100 μm or more. Also, the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder dispersed in water is preferably d10 25 μm or less, d50 50 μm or less, and d90 130 μm or less.

[0014] The color tone of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably such that the L value is 15 or more and 25 or less, the a value is -5.5 or more and -3 or less, and the b value is 9 or more and 12 or less.

[0015] The glucosinolate-containing plant powder preferably does not contain an excipient, and the bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably 0.3 or more.

[0016] Another aspect of the present invention is a glucosinolate-containing plant powder composition, which contains at least the glucosinolate-containing plant powder and a myrosinase-containing composition. Effect of the Invention

[0017] The present invention makes it possible to provide a glucosinolate-containing plant powder having a high glucosinolate content, and furthermore, to improve the dispersibility in water and make it suitable for consumption. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] Flowchart of the method for producing glucosinolate-containing plant powder DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0019] <Glucosinolate-containing plant powder> The glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the embodiment of the present invention is a powder that contains at least a glucosinolate-containing plant as a raw material. A more specific form will be described later.

[0020] The glucosinolate-containing plant according to the present invention may be any plant that contains glucosinolate. In particular, from the viewpoint of containing a large amount of glucosinolate, the glucosinolate-containing plant according to the present invention is preferably a vegetable belonging to the Brassicaceae family. More preferably, the glucosinolate content in the glucosinolate-containing plant according to the present invention is 1.0 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant. In addition, the glucosinolate-containing plant according to the present invention is preferably a green plant. The green plant may be any plant that is green in color. The green color of a plant is generally composed of chlorophyll. From the viewpoint of color, the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention preferably contains chlorophyll.

[0021] The glucosinolate-containing plant dried and ground product according to the embodiment of the present invention is obtained by drying and grinding a glucosinolate-containing plant as a raw material. Specifically, it is a product obtained by drying a glucosinolate-containing plant and then grinding it, cutting a glucosinolate-containing plant into a dried state and then grinding it, drying and simultaneously grinding a glucosinolate-containing plant, grinding a glucosinolate-containing plant and then drying it, or the like, which is a glucosinolate-containing plant that has been dried and turned into a powder state.

[0022] In addition, the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the embodiment of the present invention specifically contains at least a powdered form of a glucosinolate-containing plant, such as the glucosinolate-containing dried and ground product, granulated versions of the glucosinolate-containing dried and ground product, and mixtures of these processed products with other powder compositions.

[0023] The glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention is not composed only of a glucosinolate extracted from a glucosinolate-containing plant using a solvent. By using the components in the glucosinolate-containing plant without fractionating them, the utilization efficiency of the glucosinolate in the glucosinolate-containing plant can be increased, and various nutrients such as dietary fiber that are insoluble in the solvent can be simultaneously ingested when eating or drinking.

[0024] <Conceptual configuration of the method for producing glucosinolate-containing plant powder> The conceptual configuration of the method for producing the glucosinolate-containing plant powder (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the method") is at least heating, drying and pulverization, and granulation. Figure 1 shows the flow of the method. The method is comprised of washing (S10), heating (S20), cutting (S30), drying (S40), pulverization (S50), granulation (S60), and sterilization and filling (S70). However, the steps and the order of steps are not limited to those described above, and steps can be added and the order of steps can be changed as appropriate.

[0025] <Washing (S10)> The purpose of washing the glucosinolate-containing plant is to remove foreign matter or reduce the number of bacteria. Examples of foreign matter include mud, soil, sand, etc. that adhere to the glucosinolate-containing plant. The means for washing the glucosinolate-containing plant is not particularly limited, but is preferably contact with water or sterilized water. The method for contacting the plant is not particularly limited, but examples include immersion, spraying, etc. The number of times the glucosinolate-containing plant is washed is one or more than two times. The washing liquid used for washing is not particularly limited, but examples include water, hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, chlorite, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcined calcium, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, peracetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, ozone, etc. Considering the influence of the remaining residue on the flavor of the final product, it is preferable to wash with water. The temperature of the washing liquid is preferably 25°C or less.

[0026] <Heating (S20)> The purpose of heating glucosinolate-containing plants is to sterilize them and to inactivate enzymes, especially myrosinase, present in the plant body. Myrosinase present in the plant body is a enzyme that is activated by cutting. When plant cells are destroyed by cutting, crushing, etc., glucosinolates are released and activated, and decomposed. The decomposed glucosinolates become isothiocyanates and glycosides. Isothiocyanates have various functionalities as described below, but are highly volatile and therefore have low stability. Therefore, in foods and beverages, it is preferable to maintain them in the form of highly stable glucosinolates.

[0027] The heating method is preferably one or more of dry heat, steaming with water vapor, and steaming with superheated steam. In particular, steaming with water vapor and steaming with superheated steam are preferable. A method for heating a glucosinolate-containing plant generally involves blanching by immersion in hot water, but this method is not preferable because the glucosinolates in the glucosinolate-containing plant dissolve in the hot water. In addition, steaming with water vapor or superheated steam has good thermal efficiency, can reduce the heating time of the glucosinolate-containing plant, and can suppress oxidation of the components in the plant and enzyme reactions. This can make the flavor and color of the final product favorable.

[0028] The heating target is not particularly limited as long as it can inactivate myrosinase in the glucosinolate-containing plant. For example, the central temperature of the glucosinolate-containing plant is 90°C, considering that the enzyme inactivation temperature of myrosinase is about 70 to 80°C. Since the activity of the myrosinase increases at about 50°C to 70°C, it is important that the plant body passes through the temperature range as quickly as possible during heating to reach a temperature that inactivates myrosinase. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to perform steaming with water vapor or steaming with superheated water vapor. The device used for heating is not particularly limited as long as it is a known device.

[0029] <Cutting (S30)> The purpose of cutting the glucosinolate-containing plant is to reduce the volume and improve the drying efficiency. The timing of the cutting is not particularly limited, but is preferably after heating in order to avoid activation of myrosinase due to cutting. If the cutting is performed before drying, the specific surface area of ​​the glucosinolate-containing plant increases and the drying efficiency improves. In addition, in order to avoid the outflow of glucosinolate due to cutting, it is preferably after drying. The method of cutting is not particularly limited. Examples include a slicer, a micro grader, a dice cutter, a comitrol, a food processor, etc. The size of the glucosinolate-containing plant after cutting is not particularly limited, but is 0.5 mm to 5 cm. It is preferably 0.5 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mm.

[0030] <Drying and grinding> In the embodiment of the present invention, drying and grinding refers to drying and grinding an object. The timing of the drying may be simultaneous with the grinding, before the grinding, or after the grinding.

[0031] <Drying (S40)> The purpose of drying a glucosinolate-containing plant is to reduce the volume and weight, and to improve storage stability, etc. By removing moisture through drying, the volume and weight are reduced and handling is improved. In addition, by removing moisture, water activity is reduced and bacterial growth is inhibited, improving storage stability. At the same time, changes in components, including glucosinolates, in the glucosinolate-containing plant are inhibited, improving the stability of nutritional components, etc.

[0032] From the viewpoint of the above purpose, the drying is preferably performed after heating and preferably before grinding. If the drying is performed before heating, myrosinase may be activated when the cells in the glucosinolate-containing plant are destroyed during drying.

[0033] The drying method is not particularly limited. For example, one or a combination of two or more of hot air drying, cold air drying, freeze drying, and vacuum drying can be used. From the viewpoint of increasing the bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, it is preferable to perform at least hot air drying. By increasing the bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, it becomes easier to settle in water when mixed with water, and dispersibility is improved. From the viewpoint of improving the color and flavor of the glucosinolate-containing plant, it is preferable to perform freeze drying.

[0034] The degree of drying is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned purpose, the moisture content is preferably about 8.0% by weight or less, and more preferably 5.0% by weight or less.

[0035] <Crushing (S50)> The purpose of crushing a glucosinolate-containing plant is to reduce the volume and improve dispersibility in water. From the viewpoint of this purpose, crushing is preferably performed after heating, and more preferably after drying or simultaneously with drying. If crushing is performed before heating, myrosinase in the glucosinolate-containing plant is activated and glucosinolate is decomposed. In addition, if crushing is performed before drying, the product becomes liquid or pureed, but drying this will turn it into a solid mass, which will require further crushing.

[0036] The pulverization method is not particularly limited, and may be performed by one or a combination of two or more of a pin mill, a cutter mill, a jet mill, an orient mill, a ball mill, etc. The pulverization may be performed in one stage or in two or more stages.

[0037] The degree of pulverization is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned purpose, it is preferable that the particle diameter d10 is 25 μm or less, d50 is 50 μm or less, and d90 is 130 μm or less. It is also preferable that the volume mean diameter (MV) is about 60 μm or less. More preferably, the particle diameter d10 is 5 μm or more and less than 20 μm, d50 is 20 μm or more and less than 50 μm, and d90 is 50 μm or more and 100 μm or less. It is also more preferable that the volume mean diameter (MV) is about 20 μm or more and 50 μm or less. If the particle diameter after pulverization is large, the solid content of the glucosinolate-containing plant does not disperse in water, but floats on the water surface or sinks in water.

[0038] <Granulation (S60)> The purpose of granulating the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is to improve the fluidity of the powder and improve its dispersibility in water. From the viewpoint of this purpose, granulation is performed after grinding. The smaller the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, the lower the fluidity of the powder. This makes it difficult to handle. In addition, when the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is small, it is likely to form lumps when mixed with water and is difficult to disperse. Therefore, dispersibility is improved by granulating with an excipient such as dextrin. In addition, by grinding the dried product of the glucosinolate-containing plant to reduce the particle size and then granulating, it is unlikely to form lumps when mixed with water, and the granulated lumps are loosened in water, the particle size is reduced, and the dispersibility in water is improved and it is unlikely to settle.

[0039] The granulation method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include stirring granulation, dry granulation, extrusion granulation, and fluidized bed granulation. From the viewpoint of improving dispersibility in water (disintegrability of particles when mixed with water), the granulation method is preferably a fluidized bed granulation method. By performing the fluidized bed granulation method, the adhesion between fine powders becomes relatively weak, the disintegrability of the powder increases, and the dispersibility in water increases. A known device can be used for granulation. The granulation conditions are not particularly limited as long as granulation is performed to obtain the desired particle size and moisture content.

[0040] The binder used during granulation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known excipients, water, plant juices and extracts, etc. From the viewpoint of increasing the glucosinolate content of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder after granulation, the binder is preferably water or a glucosinolate-containing liquid.

[0041] <Sterilization and filling (S70)> In addition to the above, the present manufacturing method appropriately employs sterilization and filling. The sterilization method may be a known method, such as sterilization using superheated steam. The sterilization method may be a continuous method, a batch method, or the like. The sterilization conditions are in accordance with various standards (company standards, industry standards, etc.). The filling method may be a known method. Here, the container is sealed. The container into which the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is filled (packed) may be a known one, such as an aluminum packaging bag.

[0042] <Brassicaceae vegetables> Brassicaceae vegetables are vegetables whose academic classification is the Brassicaceae family. Examples of Brassicaceae vegetables include cabbage, broccoli, kale, petit vert, raphanobrassica, watercress, komatsuna, bok choy, radish sprouts, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, turnip, takana, kohlrabi, etc. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder may be used in whole or in part of the parts (flowers, leaves, stems, etc.) of the Brassicaceae vegetables, or may be used as sprouts or seeds. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder may be used in one or more of these Brassicaceae vegetables, but from the viewpoint of high glucosinolate content, kale or raphanobrassica is preferred.

[0043] <Glucosinolate> Glucosinolates are derivatives of glucose and amino acids, and are a group of organic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen, as shown by the structural formula of Chemical Formula 1. Glucosinolates in the present invention are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include glucoraphanin (also called sulforaphane glucosinolate), sinigrin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, glucoraphenin, glucoraphasatin, and phenethyl glucosinolate, and glucoraphanin is particularly preferred in the present invention. One or more of these glucosinolates may be used.

[0044] [ka]

[0045] In the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention, the glucosinolate content is preferably 5 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, more preferably 7 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder. In addition, in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention, the glucoraphanin (hereinafter also referred to as "GR") content is preferably 5 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, more preferably 7 mg or more per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder. The upper limit of the glucosinolate content in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 mg per 1 g of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder.

[0046] <Myrosinase> Myrosinase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycoside bond of isothiocyanate glycoside (such as sinigrin) and releases sulfate group to generate isothiocyanate from glucosinolate. In the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention, myrosinase activity is preferably less than 1 unit / g, and more preferably there is no myrosinase activity. No myrosinase activity means that the myrosinase activity is 0 unit / g in the measurement of myrosinase activity described later.

[0047] <Myrosinase activity> Myrosinase activity refers to the enzyme activity (potency) of converting glucosinolate to isothiocyanate. Myrosinase activity (unit / g) is calculated based on the change in glucosinolate or isothiocyanate content measured at regular intervals after reacting myrosinase with the substrate glucosinolate.

[0048] The glucosinolate content and isothiocyanate content can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) can be used. A specific method for measuring glucosinolate can be performed according to the method of Fayhey et al. (Fahey et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 10367-10372, 1997), and a specific method for measuring ITC can be performed according to the method of Han et al. (Han et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 1854-1861, 2011). The activity (unit / g) is calculated based on the change in the GSL content or ITC content measured at regular intervals by reacting myrosinase with the substrate GSL.

[0049] The GSL content and ITC content can be measured by methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) can be used. A specific method for measuring GSL can be performed according to the method of Fayhey et al. (Fahey et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 10367-10372, 1997), and a specific method for measuring ITC can be performed according to the method of Han et al. (Han et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 1854-1861, 2011). Myrosinase activity refers to the enzyme activity (potency) that converts GSL to ITC. Myrosinase activity (unit / g) is calculated based on the change in the GSL content or ITC content measured at regular intervals by reacting myrosinase with the substrate GSL.

[0050] The GSL content and ITC content can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) can be used. A specific method for measuring GSLs can be performed according to the method of Fayhey et al. (Fahey et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 10367-10372, 1997), and a specific method for measuring ITCs can be performed according to the method of Han et al. (Han et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 1854-1861, 2011).

[0051] Myrosinase activity (unit / g) can be evaluated by measuring the content of isothiocyanate converted from glucosinolate by the reaction of myrosinase. Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula.

[0052]

number

[0053] <Isothiocyanate> Isothiocyanate is a general term for substances with the structure shown in Chemical Formula 2, and is found in large quantities in cruciferous plants. Although isothiocyanates are useful components from the standpoint of functionality, they are unstable due to their volatility and may disappear over time. For this reason, when ingested, it is preferable that they are converted to isothiocyanates immediately before ingestion or within the body. For this reason, it is considered preferable that they are in the form of highly stable glucosinolates in foods and beverages.

[0054] Here, sulforaphane is a type of isothiocyanate, and is a substance that is generated when glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by myrosinase. In the glucosinolate-containing plant powder of the present invention, it is preferable that it is substantially free of sulforaphane. "Substantially free of sulforaphane" means that the sulforaphane content in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder of the present invention is less than 0.1 mg / 100 g. It can be understood that the low sulforaphane content in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder of the present invention is one result that indicates that there is little reaction by myrosinase in the processing step of the glucosinolate-containing plant.

[0055] [ka]

[0056] <Other raw materials> The glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention may contain other raw materials in addition to the glucosinolate-containing plant powder. Specifically, it is a vegetable powder other than a cruciferous vegetable, a food additive, etc. Preferably, it is a myrosinase-containing composition.

[0057] A myrosinase-containing composition is a composition that contains at least myrosinase. By containing a myrosinase-containing composition, myrosinase hydrolyzes glucosinolates during consumption to generate isothiocyanates, improving the utilization efficiency of isothiocyanates in the body. The form of the myrosinase-containing composition is preferably in a dried state, for example, in a powder form. This is because the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is stored so that the myrosinase does not react with the glucosinolates in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder. An example of a myrosinase-containing composition is dried and crushed mustard seeds.

[0058] Examples of food additives include sweeteners, acidulants, nucleic acids, spice extracts, colorants, pH adjusters, antioxidants, preservatives, emulsifiers, nutritional enhancers, thickeners, excipients, etc. In realizing the present invention, it is preferable to refrain from using food additives as much as possible from the viewpoint of the flavor and glucosinolate content of the green powder and glucosinolate-containing plant powder composition according to the present invention.

[0059] <Particle diameter> Particle diameter is the value obtained by measuring the long diameter of a particle. Here, "accumulated a% particle diameter" refers to the particle diameter at which the cumulative frequency reaches a% when the total volume of the particle group is taken as 100% in the particle size distribution obtained by measurement. In other words, cumulative 10% particle diameter (d10) refers to the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative frequency is 10%. Cumulative 50% particle diameter (d50) refers to the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative frequency is 50%. Furthermore, cumulative 90% diameter (d90) refers to the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative frequency is 90%. "Volume average diameter (hereinafter also referred to as "MV")" refers to the average diameter of the particle group weighted by the volume. The means for measuring particle diameter is a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device.

[0060] The particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder in the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably, the particle size after grinding of the glucosinolate-containing plant is d10 of 25 μm or less, d50 of 50 μm or less, and d90 of 130 μm or less. In addition, it is preferable that the volume average diameter (MV) is about 60 μm or less. More preferably, the particle size is d10 of 5 μm or more and less than 20 μm, d50 of 20 μm or more and less than 50 μm, and d90 of 50 μm or more and 100 μm or less. In addition, it is more preferable that the volume average diameter (MV) is about 20 μm or more and 50 μm or less. In addition, the particle size after granulation of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is preferably d10 of 30 μm or more, d50 of 60 μm or more, and d90 of 100 μm or more. In addition, it is preferable that the volume average diameter (MV) is 60 μm or more. More preferably, d10 is less than 60 μm, d50 is less than 100 μm, and d90 is 200 μm or more. Also, it is more preferable that the volume average diameter (MV) is 70 μm or more and 100 μm or less. By reducing the particle diameter, the properties become smooth and it becomes easy to apply to various products. The method of reducing the particle diameter may be a known method, and specifically, it may include pulverization and micronization using a pulverizer and a microprocessor, fractionation using a sieve, etc.

[0061] <Color Tone> In the embodiment of the present invention, color tone represents the characteristics of a color, and includes lightness, hue, and saturation. In the embodiment of the present invention, color tone is generally represented by the L*a*b* (L-star, A-star, B-star) color system. The indices of the L*a*b* color system are lightness (L value), chromaticity (hue and saturation) (a value, b value). The method for measuring color tone may be a known method. Measuring devices are commercially available. An example of a measuring means is a color difference meter SPECTROPHOTOMETER CM-5 (manufactured by Konica Minolta).

[0062] The a-value indicates the chromaticity of green, and the lower this value, the greener the color. Glucosinolate-containing plants contain enzymes, but if they are crushed or squeezed without being inactivated by heating, or if oxidation is accelerated by applying excessive heat, the color will turn brown, the lightness (L-value) will decrease, or the chromaticity of green will decrease (i.e., the a-value will increase).

[0063] The color tone of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder of the present invention is not particularly limited, but from the above viewpoint, it is preferable that the L value is 15 or more and 25 or less, the a value is -5.5 or more and -3 or less, the b value is 9 or more and 12 or less, and the a / b value is -0.7 or more and -0.3 or less.

[0064] <Bulk density> Bulk density is a value obtained by dividing the weight of a powder by the volume, including voids between particles, of a powder filled in a container of a certain volume in a certain manner, and is expressed in units of g / ml. The bulk density according to the embodiment of the present invention is loose bulk density. A known bulk density measuring device can be used as a measuring device.

[0065] The bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder after granulation according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 or more and 1.0 or less. If the bulk density is low, when mixed with water, the powder floats on the water surface and does not sink in water, resulting in low dispersibility in water. The bulk density can be increased by granulation or at least thermal drying during drying. In addition, by having the bulk density in the above range, the filling ability into a container is improved.

[0066] <Dispersibility> The dispersibility according to the embodiment of the present invention refers to the dispersibility of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention in water. Dispersion refers to a state in which the dispersed phase is suspended in the dispersion medium. High dispersibility refers to a state in which the dispersed phase is less likely to settle and is highly stable when suspended in the dispersion medium. Low dispersibility refers to a state in which the dispersed phase is less likely to diffuse in the dispersion medium and therefore more likely to settle, and is less stable when suspended in the dispersion medium. In the present invention, the dispersed phase in the dispersion is a solid, and the dispersion medium is a liquid. Specifically, the dispersed phase in the present invention is a glucosinolate-containing plant powder, and the dispersion medium is a water-soluble substance, particularly water. From the above perspective, in order to increase the dispersibility, it is effective to reduce the particle size of the dispersed phase. However, it has been found that the lower the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to the present invention, the more likely it is to form lumps when mixed with water, and conversely, the dispersibility is reduced. Therefore, by granulating the glucosinolate-containing plant powder, the particle size increases before mixing with water, thereby increasing the bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder and making it less likely to form lumps, and when mixed with water, the granulated powder disintegrates, reducing the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder in water and improving dispersibility.

[0067] From this viewpoint, the particle size of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder after granulation is preferably as described above. In addition, the particle size after mixing with water is preferably d10 25 μm or less, d50 50 μm or less, d90 130 μm or less, and volume mean diameter (MV) about 60 μm or less. More preferably, the particle size is d10 5 μm or more and less than 20 μm, d50 20 μm or more and less than 50 μm, and d90 50 μm or more and less than 100 μm. In addition, the volume mean diameter (MV) is more preferably about 20 μm or more and less than 50 μm. In order to increase the disintegrability of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder after granulation, the granulation method used for granulation is preferably fluidized bed granulation, and the binder is preferably water or a glucosinolate-containing liquid composition. EXAMPLES

[0068] [Test to confirm the time to pass through the enzyme activity temperature zone due to different heating methods] Comparative Example 1 A stem of Raphanobrassica (Kärish) was cut into a size of Φ10 mm x 20 mm, and a thermometer was placed in the center. The stem of Raphanobrassica was heat-treated at 150°C using a dry heat treatment device (steam convection, manufactured by Fujimak Co., Ltd.), and the time it took for the stem to pass through the temperature zone of 50°C to 70°C at the center was measured. The measurement was carried out three times, and the average of the three values ​​was calculated.

[0069] Example 1 A raphanobrassica stem (Kärish) was cut into a size of Φ10 mm x 20 mm, and a thermometer was placed in the center. The raphanobrassica stem was heat-treated at 100°C using a steam heat treatment device (steam convection, Fujimak Co., Ltd.), and the time it took for the center temperature to pass through a temperature range of 50°C to 70°C was measured. The measurement was carried out three times, and the average of the three values ​​was calculated.

[0070] Example 2: A raphanobrassica stem (Kärish) was cut into a size of Φ10 mm x 20 mm, and a thermometer was placed in the center. The raphanobrassica stem was heat-treated at 150°C using a superheated steam heat treatment device (steam convection, Fujimak Co., Ltd.), and the time it took for the center temperature to pass through a temperature range of 50°C to 70°C was measured. The measurement was carried out three times, and the average of the three values ​​was calculated.

[0071] <Results and Discussion> When the stems of Raphanobrassica were heated using each heating method, the shortest time to pass through the temperature range of 50℃ to 70℃ was achieved by heating using superheated steam, followed by steam heating. The product that took the longest time to pass through the temperature range of 50℃ to 70℃ was the one that was dry-heat treated (Table 1).

[0072] From the above results, it was found that the most efficient heat treatment methods are heating with superheated steam and heating with steam. By using these heating methods, it is believed that the activity of myrosinase in cruciferous vegetables can be suppressed in a short time during heating, and the decomposition of glucosinolates can be suppressed.

[0073] [Table 1]

[0074] [Test using water binder granulation] <Comparative Example 2> Rafano brassica was dried using a steam convection purifier (manufactured by Fujimak) at 70°C for 180 minutes, and then primarily ground using a pin mill (manufactured by Nara Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) to prepare Comparative Example 2.

[0075] <Comparative Example 3> Rafano brassica was dried at 70°C for 180 minutes using a steam convection oven (Fujimak Co., Ltd.), then primarily ground using a pin mill (Nara Machinery Works, Ltd.) and secondarily ground using a jet mill (Seishin Enterprise Co., Ltd.) to prepare Comparative Example 3.

[0076] <Example 3> Raphanobrassica was dried at 70°C for 180 minutes using a steam convection oven (Fujimak), then it was crushed primarily using a pin mill and crushed secondary using a jet mill, to which 5% by weight of Fibersol 2 (Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), which is a resistant dextrin, was added as an excipient and 2% by weight of water, and the mixture was stirred and granulated for 1 minute using a mixer.The mixture was then passed through a sieve with 500 μm openings and dried at 50°C for 1 hour to give Example 3.

[0077] <Example 4> Raphano brassica was dried using steam convection at 70°C for 180 minutes, then subjected to primary crushing using a cutter mill and secondary crushing using a jet mill, and the resulting mixture was granulated in a fluidized bed granulator using water as a binder to the particle size listed in Table 2. This was used as Example 4.

[0078] <Particle size measurement> Particle size was measured using a Microtrac MT3300EX (manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) As the solvent during measurement, ethanol was used to measure the powder particle size before dispersion in water, and water was used to measure the particle size after dispersion in water.

[0079] <Dispersibility evaluation> The dispersibility in water of each powder sample was evaluated. 3.0 g of the powder sample was mixed in 100 ml of water, and the degree of dispersion was confirmed. The dispersibility was evaluated as follows: A: Dispersible easily, not prone to precipitation in water B: Dispersible easily, but prone to precipitation in water C: Dispersible when thoroughly stirred D: Tends to form lumps, difficult to disperse E: Not dispersible even when thoroughly stirred The degree of dispersibility was evaluated in the order of A to E, with A representing the highest dispersibility and E representing the lowest dispersibility.

[0080] <Results> The results are shown in Table 2. It was confirmed that the granulated powder (Example 3) had improved dispersibility compared to the powder before granulation (Comparative Example 3). On the other hand, it was found that the particle size was not sufficiently small in water when the sample of Example 3 was mixed with distilled water. Therefore, the water and solid parts were separated and became non-uniform after being left for only a few minutes. It was confirmed that the particles were separated and the powder returned to its original particle size by applying a physical stimulus of ultrasonic waves thereafter. From this, it was found that the powder and excipient were not separated from the sample of Example 3 by only mixing with water. By performing the granulation method by the fluidized bed granulation method and using water as a binder, it was possible to produce a highly dispersible green powder in which the particle size was large before granulation but became small in water by mixing with water (Example 4). From the above, it was found that it is important to perform fine grinding and granulation treatment of the particles in order to improve the dispersibility of the green powder. In particular, it was found that a fluidized bed granulation method is effective as a granulation method, and that by using water as a binder, a glucosinolate-containing plant powder with a high glucosinolate content can be produced.

[0081] [Table 2]

[0082] [Confirmation of glucosinolate residual rate, myrosinase activity, and sulforaphane amount] <Example 5> After washing 100 kg of raphanobrassica with water, it was heated by steam heating treatment at 100°C for 5 minutes (product temperature reached 90°C), and cooled to below 70°C by applying cold air. It was then cut into pieces of about 2.0 cm x 1.5 cm in size using a slicer. This was semi-dried by hot air drying at 65°C for 40 minutes, and then freeze-dried at 60°C to 70°C for 24 hours to obtain a dried raphanobrassica.

[0083] <Measurement of Glucoraphanin Content> The glucoraphanin content was measured by HPLC under the following conditions. Instrument: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system (Waters) Column: ACQUITY CSH C18 (Φ2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) (Waters) Column temperature: 30 °C Sample injection volume: 10 μL Mobile phase A: Ultrapure water: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v) Mobile phase B: Methanol: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v) Gradient: Maintain 0% mobile phase B for 5 min. Linear gradient from 0 to 10% mobile phase B for 10 min. Linear gradient from 10 to 100% mobile phase B for 5 min. Maintain 100% mobile phase B for 5 min. Linear gradient from 100 to 0% mobile phase B for 2 min. Maintain 0% mobile phase B for 5 min. Flow rate: 0.1 mL / min Detection wavelength: 235 nm The glucoraphanin content was calculated from the glucoraphanin concentration in the sample obtained by HPLC analysis and the amount of sample used for extraction. UPLC H-Class system (Waters) Column: ACQUITY CSH C18 (Φ2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) (Waters) Column temperature: 30 °C Sample injection volume: 10 μL Mobile phase A: Ultrapure water: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v) Mobile phase B: Methanol: Trifluoroacetic acid = 99.95:0.05 (v:v) Gradient: Maintain 0% mobile phase B for 5 min. Linear gradient from 0 to 10% mobile phase B for 10 min. Linear gradient from 10 to 100% mobile phase B for 5 min. Maintain 100% mobile phase B for 5 min. Linear gradient from 100 to 0% mobile phase B for 2 min. Maintain 0% mobile phase B for 5 min. Flow rate: 0.1 mL / min Detection wavelength: 235 nm The GR content was calculated from the GR concentration in the sample obtained by HPLC analysis and the amount of sample used for extraction.

[0084] <Measurement of moisture content and solid content> The moisture content and solid content were measured by normal pressure heating and drying. Specifically, the target sample was heated at 105°C for 4 hours, and the moisture content was calculated from the ratio of the target sample weight before heating to the weight loss before and after heating. The solid content was measured from the ratio of the target sample weight before heating to the weight after heating.

[0085] <Glucoraphanin (GR) yield> The glucoraphanin yield was calculated using the following formula: GR yield (%) = 100 x (solid amount of fresh vegetables) x (GR concentration in dried vegetables) / (solid amount of dried vegetables) x (GR concentration in fresh vegetables).

[0086] <Measurement of sulforaphane (hereinafter also referred to as "SFN") content> Measurement of SFN content was performed by HPLC under the following conditions. Apparatus: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system (Waters) Column: ACQUITY BEH C18 (Φ2.1×50 mm, 1.7 μm) (Waters) Column temperature: 35°C Sample injection volume: 10 μL Mobile phase: ultrapure water: acetonitrile = 80:20 (v:v) Flow rate: 0.2 mL / min Detection wavelength: 202 nm The sulforaphane content was calculated from the SFN concentration in the sample obtained by HPLC analysis and the amount of sample provided for extraction. Measurement of SFN content was performed by HPLC under the following conditions. Apparatus: ACQUITY UPLC H-Class system (Waters) Column: ACQUITY BEH C18 (Φ2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) (Waters) Column temperature: 35°C Sample injection volume: 10 μL Mobile phase: ultrapure water:acetonitrile = 80:20 (v:v) Flow rate: 0.2 mL / min Detection wavelength: 202 nm The SFN content was calculated from the SFN concentration in the sample obtained by HPLC analysis and the amount of sample used for extraction.

[0087] <Measurement of myrosinase activity> Myrosinase activity (unit / g) was evaluated by measuring the amount of SFN converted from GR by the reaction of myrosinase. Specifically, it was calculated using the formula shown in [Mathematical formula 1] above.

[0088] The myrosinase reaction of the dried Raphanobrassica was carried out as follows. 100 ml of 33 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) adjusted to a GR content of 2.0 mg / ml was placed in a stoppered Erlenmeyer flask and kept at 37 ° C in a water bath. The dried Raphanobrassica was added to the previously prepared GR solution, mixed well, and the myrosinase reaction was started in a water bath at 37 ° C. 10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes after the start of the reaction, 100 μL each was collected from the reaction solution, mixed with 20 μL of 20% trifluoroacetic acid solution, and stored on ice. After the recovery of all the reaction solutions was completed, 0.4 mL of ethyl acetate was added and mixed well. The obtained solution was centrifuged (1000 × g, 4 ° C, 5 minutes), and 200 μL of the collected supernatant was dried with a centrifugal concentrator (40 ° C, 20 minutes). 250 μL of ultrapure water was added, and the dried product was redissolved by ultrasonic treatment. After centrifugation, the collected supernatant was used as an HPLC sample for measuring the SFN content.

[0089] <Color Tone Measurement> The analytical equipment and conditions used to measure color tone are as follows. Each sample was placed in a 30 mm dedicated petri dish and the measurement was carried out. (Analytical equipment) Spectrophotometer CM-5 type (Konica Minolta) (Measurement conditions) Regular reflection treatment: SCE Measurement method: Reflectance measurement Measurement diameter: 30 mm Light source: D65 Field of view: 10° Color system: L*a*b*

[0090] <Results> By using a manufacturing method in which Raphanobsarasica is treated with steam heating, the yield of glucoraphanin from processing could be increased to approximately 90% (Table 3). The color of the dried Raphanobsarasica is shown in Table 4. There was also no myrosinase activity, and no sulforaphane content was confirmed. Thus, dried Raphanobsarasica with a glucoraphanin concentration of 7 mg / g or more could be obtained from fresh Raphanobsarasica with a glucoraphanin concentration of 1.01 mg / g.

[0091] [Table 3]

[0092] [Table 4] [Industrial Applicability]

[0093] An area in which the present invention is useful is the production and sale of glucosinolate-containing plant powders.

Claims

1. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder contains at least glucoraphanin, and the glucoraphanin content of the green plant glucosinolate-containing plant powder is 5 mg or more per gram of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder.

2. 2. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of claim 1, wherein the myrosinase activity in the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is less than 1 unit / g.

3. 3. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of claim 1 or 2, wherein the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is substantially free of sulforaphane.

4. Glucosinolate according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder has particle sizes of d10 of 30 μm or more, d50 of 60 μm or more, and d90 of 100 μm or more, and when the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is dispersed in water, the particle sizes are d10 of 25 μm or less, d50 of 50 μm or less, and d90 of 130 μm or less.

5. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the color tone of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is an L value of 15 or more and 25 or less, an a value of -5.5 or more and -3 or less, and a value of 9 or more and 12 or less.

6. 6. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the glucosinolate-containing plant powder does not contain an excipient.

7. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glucosinolate-containing plant is a cruciferous vegetable.

8. 8. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder according to claim 1, wherein the bulk density of the glucosinolate-containing plant powder is 0.3 or more.

9. The glucosinolate-containing plant powder of any one of claims 1 and 3 to 8 further comprises a myrosinase-containing composition.

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