Automated heart valve sewing

Abstract

To provide a method of suturing an implant device, and a suturing system.SOLUTION: A system that can be used for suturing implants includes a first automated fixture that can comprise an articulation arm and a target device holder, and a second automated fixture configured to operate as a sewing machine to sew material onto the implant. The second automated fixture uses a curved needle to form a stitch without having to release the needle in a process. The second automated fixture can also include a stitch looper that moves in coordination with the curved needle to perform a single-suture or single-thread stitch.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8A

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] Related Applications This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 617,114 to Limsakoune et al., entitled "Automated Heart Valve Sewing," filed on January 12, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] Medical devices, artificial implants, prosthetic heart valves, and the like may require sewing, processing, testing, etc. of some of their portions and / or components. Precision and / or efficiency in the performance of suturing or other operations for such devices may be important. Additionally, some heart valve suturing or other operations may be time consuming and difficult. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2015 / 070249 Brochure Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present invention provides a method and system for suturing an implant device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] This summary is meant to provide some examples and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. For example, any feature included in the examples of this summary is not required by the claims unless the claims explicitly recite that feature. Also, the features, steps, concepts, etc. described in the examples in this summary and elsewhere in this disclosure can be combined in various ways. The description herein relates to devices, apparatus, systems, assemblies, methods, combinations, etc. that can be utilized to manufacture and process heart valves and / or related or associated components, devices, apparatus, etc. Among other features, these or these elements can utilize or include logic that can receive a set of parameters as inputs, which can be graphically displayed to a user after the parameters are received as inputs and / or can be analyzed to generate new data and / or graphically displayed.

[0006] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a target device or component, for example, a method for manufacturing or suturing an artificial implant device (e.g., an artificial human implant device, an artificial heart valve, an artificial human heart valve, etc.). The method includes the steps of instructing an automated fixture (e.g., by providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) to place the target device (e.g., an artificial implant device, etc.) at a first location, performing a first operation or procedure on the target device, instructing the automated fixture (e.g., by providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) to place the target device at a second location, and performing a second operation or procedure on the target device. The method can include placing the target device in a holder component.

[0007] The method may also include forming a stitch on the target device with a needle and a stitch looper such that the stitch is formed without the needle releasing the suture or thread. The needle may be a curved needle that reciprocates in conjunction with the stitch looper, which reciprocates in concert with the curved needle to form a stitch on the target device.

[0008] In some implementations, a method of suturing an implant device includes placing a target or implant device (e.g., a prosthetic heart valve, etc.) on a holder component of a first automated fixture and instructing (e.g., providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) the first automated fixture to place the target or implant device in a first location.

[0009] In some implementations, the method also includes instructing (e.g., providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) a second automated fixture to perform a first stitch on the implant device by moving a curved needle in and out of the target or material to be sutured to the implant device.

[0010] The method may also include instructing (e.g., providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) the first automated fixture to position the target or implant device at a second location (and, optionally, a third, fourth, fifth, and / or further additional locations).

[0011] In some embodiments, the method also includes instructing (e.g., providing input, programming, running a program, pressing a button, clicking an icon, etc.) a second automated fixture to perform a second stitch on the implant device by moving a curved needle in and out of the target or material to be sutured to the implant device.

[0012] The second automated fixture can include a stitch looper that moves in coordination with the curved needle to form the first stitch and the second stitch.

[0013] The method may also include directing the first automated fixture to circumferentially rotate the implant device at the predetermined location.

[0014] In some embodiments, the method includes loading a pre-programmed suturing procedure script with one or more processors configured to control the first automated fixture and the second automated fixture.

[0015] The second automated fixture can perform a first stitch with a curved needle such that the first stitch is a single suture stitch. The curved needle can be configured to enter and exit the material along a fixed path of the curved needle. The curved needle can pass through the material in two different locations for each of the first stitch and the second stitch.

[0016] The stitch looper may include two or more tines that secure a portion of the suture as the curved needle is withdrawn through an insertion point formed during formation of the first stitch. The stitch looper may be configured to rotate to form a loop in the portion of the suture to form the first stitch. The curved needle may pass through the loop formed by the stitch looper to form the first stitch.

[0017] In some implementations, the suturing system includes one or more automated fixtures. For example, the system includes at least a first automated fixture. The first automated fixture can include a plurality of motorized actuator devices and a suture target holder. The first automated fixture is configured, for example, to move or rotate a target suturing device (e.g., a heart valve, etc.) when the target suturing device is attached to the suture target holder.

[0018] In some embodiments, the system also includes at least a second automated fixture, hi some embodiments, the second automated fixture includes a curved needle and can be configured to move the curved needle in a fixed path.

[0019] In some embodiments, the second automated fixture also includes a stitch looper. The stitch looper can have one or more tines. The stitch looper (e.g., the tines of the stitch looper) can be configured to fix a portion of the suture and form a loop with the portion of the suture as the curved needle moves in the fixed path. In some embodiments, the stitch looper moves along a second fixed path that includes a rotation of the stitch looper to form a loop with the portion of the suture. The movement of the curved needle can be locked or synchronized with respect to the movement of the stitch looper.

[0020] In some embodiments, the first automated fixture and the second automated fixture of the system are positioned relative to one another and configured such that the first automated fixture can move the target suturing device in three dimensions to position the target suturing device in the path of the curved needle. The system and its components or fixtures can be configured to implement a predetermined suturing pattern on the target suturing device.

[0021] In some embodiments, the first automated fixture includes a first controller configured to instruct the first automated fixture how to position the target suturing device, and in some embodiments, the second automated fixture includes a second controller configured to instruct the second automated fixture when to move the curved needle to implement the suturing pattern.

[0022] The second automated fixture can include a tensioning device that can hold the suture in a constant tension state when implementing the suture pattern.

[0023] In some embodiments, the first automated fixture is configured to move the target suturing device in at least four directions. The first automated fixture can include an articulated arm.

[0024] The system, for example, a second automated fixture of the system, can be configured to implement the suture pattern as single suture stitching using a curved needle.

[0025] Other steps, features, components, etc. not specifically mentioned in these examples, but described elsewhere herein or otherwise known, may be included and / or used in conjunction with the examples described herein.

[0026] Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of any of the inventions disclosed herein in any way. In addition, various features of different disclosed embodiments may be combined to form additional embodiments, which are part of this disclosure. Reference numerals may be reused throughout the drawings to indicate correspondence between referenced elements. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an implantable prosthetic valve device. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of another example of a prosthetic heart valve. [Figure 3A] 1A-1D show a frame for a support stent for an example surgical valve. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B shows the frame of FIG. 3A covered with fabric. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an operator performing an action on an implant device. [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 shows a close-up view of a heart valve implant device being sewn together using hand holding and suturing. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 shows a close-up view of a fabric that may be associated with the implant device. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example suturing system. [Figure 8A] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an example suturing system. [Figure 8B] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8C] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8D] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8E] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8F] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8G] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8H] 8B illustrates an example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8I]8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8J] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8K] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8L] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8M] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8N] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 8O] 8B shows another example process for suturing an implant device using the example suturing system of FIG. 8A. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example control system for controlling an automatic suturing fixture. [Figure 10] 1 illustrates a distal articulated arm of an example automatic suturing fixture coupled to a holder component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0028] Although some preferred embodiments and examples are disclosed below, the subject matter of the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses, as well as modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, the scope of the claims that may arise herefrom is not limited by any of the specific embodiments described below. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed order. Furthermore, one or more steps disclosed with respect to one method may be incorporated into other methods disclosed herein. Although various operations may be described in sequence as multiple separate operations in a manner that may be helpful in understanding some embodiments, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order dependent. In addition, the structures, systems, and / or devices described herein may be implemented as integrated components or as separate components. For purposes of comparing various embodiments, some aspects and advantages of these embodiments are described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, various embodiments can be implemented in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein, without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages as may also be taught or suggested herein. Features described in connection with one exemplary embodiment can be incorporated in other embodiments disclosed herein even if not specifically described in connection with that embodiment.

[0029] Prosthetic heart valve implants, as well as many other types of prosthetic implant devices and other types of devices, may include various sewn components and / or portions. For example, sealing portions, skirts, and the like may be sewn to the frame of the prosthetic heart valve to help prevent blood from leaking around or around the outer edge of the prosthetic heart valve. The performance of suturing by a human operator may be relatively difficult and / or cumbersome in some circumstances. For example, when small stitches are to be made with high precision, the complexity and / or associated operator burden may result in injury and / or undesirable reduction in product quality. Furthermore, some heart valve implant devices may require hundreds of sutures, which may involve a suturing procedure that is substantially labor-intensive and prone to error. Thus, it may be desirable to add automation to the suturing of the implant to improve the quality, speed of production, and / or help prevent problems associated with human operators.

[0030] Some embodiments disclosed herein provide heart valve suturing systems, devices, and / or methods for performing suturing procedures involving physical manipulation and / or placement of one or more automated mechanical articulating fixtures, components, and / or subassemblies. Such articulating fixtures or components can be configured to hold or secure a prosthetic human heart valve implant device or other suturing target or implant device having one or more components or portions that can be advantageously suturing together. Various embodiments of heart valve suturing presented herein may be applicable to heart valves having any type of suture and / or structural configuration or pattern. Examples of heart valve structures and heart valve suturing techniques that may be applicable to some embodiments presented herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,399,992, the entire contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

[0031] FIG. 1 illustrates an implantable prosthetic human valve device 110 according to one or more embodiments. Features of the valve 110 described herein can be applied to other valves, including other valves described elsewhere herein. The valve 110 can be, for example, a transcatheter heart valve (THV), a balloon expandable heart valve, and / or a mechanically expandable heart valve. The valve 110 in the illustrated embodiment generally includes a frame or stent 112, a leaflet structure 193 supported by the frame 112, and a sealing member or skirt 116 secured (e.g., sutured) to the outer surface of the leaflet structure 193. In some embodiments, the valve 110 is configured to be implanted in the annulus of a native human heart valve, such as the aortic valve. However, the valve 110 can additionally or alternatively be adapted to be implanted in other native valves of the heart, or in various other vasculature, tubes, or holes in the body, or in grafts, docking stents, docking stations, rings, and the like implanted in the body. A lower end 180 of the valve 110 in the illustrated orientation represents an inflow end, while an upper end 182 of the valve 110 in the illustrated orientation represents an outflow end.

[0032] The valve 110 and frame 112 can be configured to be radially collapsible to a collapsed or contracted state or configuration for introduction into the body using a delivery catheter, and can be further configured to be radially expandable to an expanded state or configuration for implanting the valve at a desired location in the body (e.g., the native aortic valve). In some embodiments, the frame 112 includes a plastic, polymer, shape memory material, or metal expandable material that allows the valve to be collapsed to a smaller profile for delivery and expansion of the valve 110. In some implementations, an expansion device such as a balloon of a balloon catheter or a tool for mechanical expansion can be used to expand or aid in the expansion of the valve. In some embodiments, the valve 110 is a self-expanding valve and the frame is made of a self-expanding material such as a shape memory material or a metal (e.g., Nitinol). A self-expanding valve can be collapsed to a smaller profile and held in the collapsed state with a restraining device such as a sheath that covers the valve. Once the valve is positioned at or near the target site, the restraining device can be removed or retracted to allow the valve to self-expand to its expanded functional size or deployed configuration.

[0033] The sealing portion or skirt 116 may be secured together to form the annular shape shown in FIG. 1 or may comprise a single or multiple pieces or materials (e.g., fabric, polymer, etc.) with both ends extending around the valve. In some embodiments, the top edge of the sealing portion or skirt 116 has a wavy shape that generally follows the shape of the struts of the frame 112. In this manner, the top edges of the sealing portion or skirt 116 may be securely secured to the respective struts with sutures 156. The sealing portion or skirt 116 may be positioned on the outside of the frame 112 or on the inside of the frame 112 (as shown) and the top edges of the sealing portion or skirt 116 may be wrapped around the top surfaces of the frame struts and secured in place with sutures. The sutures 156 provide a durable attachment of the sealing portion or skirt 116 to the frame 112.

[0034] The leaflet structure 193 can include three leaflets (as shown in FIG. 1) in some embodiments, which can be arranged to fold into a tricuspid configuration. Although a three leaflet embodiment is shown, it should be understood that a valve implant sutured according to the embodiments disclosed herein can have any number of leaflets, such as, for example, two or four. The leaflets 193 can be formed from separate flaps of material or tissue, or all three leaflets can be obtained from a single material. The lower edge of the leaflet structure 193 can have a variety of shapes. In some embodiments, the lower edge of the leaflet structure 193 can have a wavy, curved, and / or scalloped shape that can be sutured to the frame 112. The leaflets 193 can be secured to each other on their adjacent sides to form a leaflet structure commissure 184, where the edges of the leaflets come together. The leaflet structure 193 can be secured to the frame 112 using any suitable technique and / or mechanism. For example, the commissures 184 of the leaflet structures may be aligned and secured to the support posts 118, for example, with sutures, adhesives, fasteners, crimps, and / or other attachment means. In some implementations, the attachment points of the leaflets 193 to the posts 118 may be reinforced with bars comprising, for example, a stiffer material or stainless steel.

[0035] 2 shows a perspective view of a prosthetic heart valve 210 according to one or more embodiments. The heart valve 210 can include a peripheral sealing ring structure 291 configured to provide support for nesting the heart valve 210 in the heart valve cavity and / or resting or mounting on a heart annulus or other structure. The valve 210 can further include a frame member 292, such as a metal frame, which can provide support for a plurality of flexible leaflets 293 and can define three upstanding commissure posts 294 between which the leaflets 293 can be supported. In some implementations, as shown in FIG. 2, the sealing ring 291 can be attached to the periphery of the frame member 292 at the inflow end of the valve 210, with the commissure posts 294 protruding in the outflow direction.

[0036] Leaflets 293 may be formed from separate flaps of material or tissue, or all three leaflets may be derived from a single material. Leaflets 293 may be secured and supported by commissure posts 294 and along the arcuate tips of the frame members between the commissure posts.

[0037] FIG. 3A shows a frame 392 for a support stent for a surgical heart valve, such as the valve 210 of FIG. 2. The frame 392 can include a plurality of cusps curved toward the axial inflow end alternating with a plurality of commissures 322 projecting toward the axial outflow end, with the support stent 392 defining an undulating outflow edge. The support stent 392 can include a wireform 320 having three upstanding commissures 322 alternating with three generally circumferential cusps 324. A stiffening band 326 can be disposed within or on the wireform 320. The inflow edge of the band 326 can conform or at least partially conform to the cusps 324 of the wireform 320, for example, can be curved in the outflow direction between the wireform commissures 322 in the region of the wireform commissures 322, as shown in FIG. 3A. In some embodiments, the support stent 392 provides a support structure for the one-way prosthetic heart valve (e.g., valve 210) of FIG. 2.

[0038] FIG. 3B shows the frame of FIG. 3A covered with fabric 340, which can be sewn at one or more portions to secure the fabric 340 as a covering for the frame 392. The fabric covered support stent 342 can be generally tubular and can include a number of cusps 344 curving toward the axial inflow end alternating with a number of commissures 346 projecting toward the axial outflow end. The support stent 342 can include a wavy outflow edge around which the fabric 340 is held fixed. In some embodiments, a stitch 350 is sewn adjacent the inflow edge 352 that secures the fabric 340 around the support stent. The stitch 350 is shown slightly axially above the inflow edge 352 for clarity, but can be placed directly at the inflow end or even inside the support stent. In some implementations, one or more stitches can be placed at other locations along the fabric. The stitching of the support stent 342 can be performed or added in a number of ways. Additionally, although several stitches are shown in Figure 3B, the support stent 342 and / or the valve implant 210 of Figure 2 may include any type or number of stitches or sutures. For example, leaflets and / or other materials may also be sutured to the support stent 342 and / or one or more other components of the associated implant device.

[0039] Suturing of prosthetic heart valve devices and / or other implant devices such as those described above can be performed in a variety of ways. For example, several handheld processes for suturing prosthetic human implant devices can be performed, where the operator utilizes both hands to hold, secure, and / or suture the implant device. FIG. 4 shows an operator 405 performing operations on a prosthetic human implant device 410. For example, the operator 405 can sew an outer wire frame of the device 410 to an inner skirt or fabric, as described above, where the implant device 410 is a transcatheter heart valve device. Alternatively, the implant device 410 can be a surgical valve device, or other type of implant device. The implant device 410 can be the same or similar to one of the valves shown herein, or can be a different type of valve or implant device.

[0040] 4, in some processes, the operator 405 may need to utilize both of his or her hands to perform the suturing action involved. For example, a first hand 406 may be used to hold and / or secure the implant device 410, and a second hand 407 may be used to manually manipulate a suture needle or the like.

[0041] In order for the operator 405 to effectively perform the suturing action involved with the implant device 410, it may be necessary or desirable to magnify or otherwise enhance in some manner the view of the implant device 410. For example, as shown, the operator may further utilize a microscope-like magnification system 460, which may include an eyepiece component 461 as well as one or more lenses and / or refractive elements 463. In some embodiments, the magnification system 460 is designed to enable the operator 405 to have a line of sight 409 at a first angle, where the magnification system 460 is configured to at least partially reflect light therein at a downward angle 408 to focus on a lower target focal plane.

[0042] FIG. 5 shows a close-up view of a prosthetic human implant device being sutured using hand-held and suturing, as described above. As shown, in a hand-held suturing solution, a first hand 506 may be required to hold a target implant device 510, while a second hand 507 may be required to manipulate a suture needle 509, etc. Some processes may require the operator to hold one or more hands in a substantially constant focus of the microscope for an extended period of time. Additionally, the operator may be required to squeeze, push, pull, or otherwise manually apply force to one or more portions of the target implant device 510 and / or suture needle 509.

[0043] 6 shows a close-up view of a fabric associated with an implant device according to one or more embodiments. Such fabric may include woven strands forming ribs with relatively small gaps between them. For example, each rib in the fabric area to be stitched may have a thickness t of about 0.2 mm or less. In some processes, it may be imperative or desirable to position and sew such fabric to within an accuracy of one rib. Thus, precise positioning and focusing of stitching components and targets is desirable.

[0044] To address the problems identified above and meet the demands for heart valves and other implants, automation of the sewing operation could be beneficial to manufacturing, for example, by reducing contact time, human error, cost, etc.

[0045] Some embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and processes for suturing components and / or devices (e.g., prosthetic implant devices) using a multi-access system and / or suturing system for suturing the implant device. Such systems can be configured to articulate the components or devices (e.g., implant devices such as human prosthetic heart valve devices, etc.) and precise positioning of the components or devices can enable the necessary or desired suturing operation. Additionally, the systems can be further configured to reposition the components or devices for a subsequent operation (e.g., a subsequent suturing operation).

[0046] Suturing an implant device or heart valve can require suture accuracy of millimeters, half a millimeter, or less, but the location of the suture can easily get lost among ribs or threads, especially when performing a two-handed suturing procedure. Embodiments of the present disclosure can facilitate improved accuracy and help reduce or eliminate human error.

[0047] With respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, positional accuracy can be improved through the use of systems incorporating one or more cameras, sensors, articulating arms, automated fixtures, and / or combinations of two or more of these to properly locate and identify desired locations (e.g., suture locations, etc.), for example, for frame and skirt sutures for a transcatheter heart valve or other target device. Quality controlled feedback to further improve quality for manufacturing can also be implemented, for example, using sensors, imaging, and / or feedback mechanisms.

[0048] The embodiments disclosed herein provide systems, devices, methods, etc. for performing one or more operations (e.g., suturing operations, review or inspection operations, and / or other operations) for human prosthetic implant devices (e.g., prosthetic heart valves) and / or other types of devices or components. The systems herein can be fully or mostly automated systems. Fully or mostly automated systems can include one or more automated fixtures. For example, a first automated fixture (which can be the same or similar to the automated fixtures or automated suturing fixtures described and illustrated herein) can be used to articulate and move the implant device to various desired positions for processing operations or steps (e.g., suturing, processing, applying, etc.), while a second automated fixture or device can be used to perform the processing operations or steps at the various desired positions. For example, the second automated fixture may operate similarly to a sewing machine moving a needle in and out (e.g., this can be in a single plane and / or along a straight or curved path) to add sutures to the target or implant device, while the first automated fixture moves the target or implant device to the correct position to receive the desired sutures at the correct location on the target or implant device. The automated sewing systems described herein can be programmed with a specified sewing pattern on the implant or heart valve. Suture tension management can also be used to maintain and apply the proper tension.

[0049] In some implementations, a fully (or mostly) automated sewing process for one or more sewing operations can include two subsystems or automated fixtures, one configured to sew a pattern by translating needle movement while the other subsystem or automated fixture can cooperate or synchronize with it to utilize a multi-axis articulated arm (e.g., a 5-axis robotic arm) to grip and move the target implant as desired for sewing. Various types of needles can be used within the sewing subsystem or automated fixture. The sewing subsystem or automated fixture can also include a suture tensioning device configured to maintain the suture or thread attached to the needle at a constant tension to avoid issues associated with slack in the suture or thread line (e.g., risk of entanglement, etc.). The implant holding subsystem or automated fixture can include a gripper that does not damage the implant and can be configured to accurately map the path of the implant holding device and the implant held thereby.

[0050] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of an exemplary suturing system 700, and FIG. 8A shows a perspective view of an exemplary version of the system 700. One or more components of the system 700 can be utilized to suture a heart valve device or other implant device, as described herein. The depiction of the system 700 in FIGS. 7 and 8A is meant to be exemplary and not limiting, so that various components shown in FIGS. 7 and 8A can be omitted from the system 700, and other components not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8A can be added to the system 700. They are not drawn to scale, and the components can be of various sizes. For example, in some implementations, the needles are configured to be smaller than shown in FIG. 8A to allow for smaller and more precise sutures and punctures.

[0051] 7, the system 700 can include one or more power inputs, a first automated fixture 710 (e.g., such as a sewing machine), a second automated fixture 720 (e.g., such as a multi-axis or five-axis robot), a feedback microcontroller unit (MCU), etc. In some embodiments, the power input is mains power (e.g., at 110 volts) that can be configured to power one or both of the automated fixtures (e.g., one or both of the articulating arm and sewing machine fixtures), although other power inputs are possible.

[0052] The first automated fixture 710 can include a controller (e.g., a microcontroller), one or more actuators, a thread or suture supply system, programming, a needle holder or needle gripper, circuitry, a constant tension component, an Arduino, a gripper motor, one or more sensors, wiring, and / or other components. The second automated fixture 720 can include a controller (e.g., a microcontroller), one or more actuators, a gripping fixture, programming, circuitry, one or more sensors, a CM-700, wiring, and / or other components. The first automated fixture 710 and the second automated fixture 720 can be integrated and synchronized such that the first automated fixture 710 (e.g., a sewing machine) can perform a suturing action on a target implantable device held by the second automated fixture 720 (e.g., a multi-axis robotic arm) and moved to a desired position to perform a suturing function.

[0053] In some embodiments, system 700, e.g., one or more of the automated fixtures, includes one or more controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) configured to direct one or more components of the automated fixture and / or other components according to a stitching process. The controller may include one or more hardware and / or software components designed to generate and / or provide fixture control signals (e.g., stitching fixture control signals) and / or data related to one or more steps of the stitching process. For example, the controller may include a computing device including one or more processors, and one or more data storage devices or components that may include volatile and / or non-volatile data storage media. In some embodiments, the data storage is configured to store process script data (e.g., stitching process script data), which may include data indicating the placement of one or more components and / or fixtures of system 700 for various steps and / or stages of the stitching process. A process including multiple steps may be represented at least in part by a numerical or other data set representing positional information for one or more components of the automated fixture and / or one or more additional components of system 700 for each step or stage of the process. For example, a stitching process including multiple stitching steps may be represented at least in part by a numerical or other data set representing positional information for one or more system components and / or fixtures of system 700 for each step or stage of the stitching process.

[0054] The automated fixture 710 can include a needle 740. A variety of needles can be used. Non-corrosive curved needles can be used, including one or more of NiTi / nitinol, Delrin, cobalt chrome, ABS plastic, PEEK plastic, and strong plastics with a polycarbonate base. The needle 740 can be curved into a semicircular or curved shape that does not form a complete circle. For example, in some implementations, the needle has a curved shape that forms an arc between 70 and 220 degrees or between 100 and 190 degrees of circular rotation.

[0055] The automated fixture 710 may include a needle gripper or needle gripping mechanism configured to hold the needle during the sewing process. The needle gripper may include a drill chuck tool holder, may use vacuum pressure, may include a mechanical gripper, and the like. The automated fixture 710 may also include a tensioning device 730, such as a system used to hold a spool of thread that is easily adjustable and may keep the thread at a constant tension. The tensioning device may include a spring system, a bolt and spring system, a bolt, nut, and spring system, a bobbin tension meter, a PID controller, and the like.

[0056] The automated fixture 720 can include a holder or holder assembly (e.g., a gripper or grasping fixture) configured to hold the target implant while sewing is occurring. For example, the gripper can be a multi-pronged gripper (e.g., a two or three-pronged gripper) configured to hold the implant while sewing is occurring. Optionally, the gripper can be an inner bellows gripper, a pronged gripper, a 3D printed gripper, a caged gripper, or another type of gripper. In some embodiments, a suture target holder assembly configured to hold or secure a suture target (e.g., a prosthetic implant device) can be similar to the target holder assembly shown in FIG. 10.

[0057] The automated fixture 720 can also include various sensors. For example, the fixture can include sensors that detect the position and rotation of the valve fixture during the sewing process, as well as the forces associated with the process. For example, the automated fixture 720 can also include a gripping force sensor, which can be configured to relay the force that the gripper applies to the implant. The automated fixture 720 can also include a gyroscope sensor, which can be configured to measure the rotation of the second automated fixture or its articulated arm. The automated fixture 720 can also include an accelerometer sensor, which can be configured to measure the position of an end effector of the automated fixture or its articulated arm.

[0058] Although multiple sutures or threads are possible, in some implementations, the automated fixture 720 is configured to perform a single suture or thread sewing operation to reduce the amount of sutures or threads used and the volume of the implant. The automated fixture 710 can be configured as a modified hemming-like machine with a curved needle, which can eliminate the process of moving the needle after each pass through the material and allow for a single thread operation. One way to do this is to use a machine that can sew or apply the suture or thread, similar to a hemming machine or blind stitch hemming machine, that is specifically adapted and sized for use with the implant, in conjunction with an automated fixture that automatically moves the implant as desired during suturing. An example of a procedure using such a machine is shown in Figures 8B-8O. The curved needle can include a hole near the sharp or piercing end of the needle (or between the end and another point along the needle, e.g., the center of the needle) through which the suture or thread passes, and as the curved needle rotates, the curved needle can direct the suture or thread into and then out of the material (e.g., a cover, seal, leaflet, or other material) to be sewn to the stent or frame. The automated fixture 720 can also include components that form loops in the suture or thread and pull it to combine with other portions of the suture to form stitching along the device. The automated fixture 710 is configured to move, rotate, etc., the target implant as the automated fixture 720 sews (e.g., moves the curved needle along a fixed path) to create the desired suture pattern. The movement of the target implant occurs in three dimensions. The automated fixtures are programmed and work together in coordination and synchronization to achieve different desired suture patterns on different implants.

[0059] 8B-8H illustrate an exemplary process for forming stitches in a target device or sewing target having fabric or other material 716 (e.g., skirt 116 described with respect to FIG. 1) to be secured to a support structure 712 (e.g., frame 112 described with respect to FIG. 1). These figures illustrate the process using a side cross-sectional view of the material or fabric 716 and support structure 712 for simplicity and clarity. As shown in FIG. 8B, the process uses a needle 740 and stitch looper 745 in an automated fixture (e.g., automated fixture 710, automated sewing fixture, etc.), where the movement of the needle 740 and the movement of the stitch looper are coordinated and / or locked together through the use of a common motor, common gears, etc. The needle 740 can be a curved needle or a straight needle. The needle 740 holds a suture 743 that passes through an aperture in the needle 740. The stitch looper 745 includes two or more tines configured to hold a portion of the suture 743 and form a loop on that portion of the suture 743 during the stitching process. The needle 740 can be configured to pass between the tines of the stitch looper 745 to form a stitch on the material or fabric 716.

[0060] FIG. 8C shows the needle 740 being inserted through the skirt 116 and the suture passing through the skirt at the insertion point. FIG. 8D shows the stitch looper 745 moving towards the needle 740 so that the stitch looper passes between a portion of the suture 743 and the needle 740. FIG. 8E shows the needle 740 being withdrawn through the same insertion point. The suture 743 remains wrapped around the stitch looper 745 to maintain a portion of the suture 743 on the opposite side of the material or fabric 716 from the withdrawn needle 740. FIG. 8F shows the stitch looper rotating to form a loop in the suture 743. Additionally, the material or fabric 716 moves relative to the needle 740 (e.g., by movement of an automated fixture or other means). FIG. 8G shows the movement of the material or fabric 716 relative to the needle 740 to insert the needle 740 through the material or fabric 716 at a new insertion point. The needle passes through the tines of stitch looper 745 and the loop formed by suture 743. As stitch looper 745 is withdrawn (e.g., moved upward in the figure), the portion of suture 743 held by stitch looper 745 slips off the tines of stitch looper 745 and the loop formed by suture 743 tightens around the portion of suture 743 held by needle 740. Figure 8H shows stitch 756 formed by this process. This process is repeated with the steps shown in Figure 8C for a stitch in a new location on material 716.

[0061] 8I-8O show another example process for forming stitches in a target device or suture target comprising a material or fabric 716 to be secured to a support structure 712. The process uses a curved needle 740 and a stitch looper 745 in an automated fixture (e.g., automated fixture 710, automated sewing fixture, etc.). Because the process is shown looking down onto the material or fabric, the curvature of the needle is not apparent in these figures. However, the curvature of the needle 740 allows the needle 740 to be inserted through two points in the material or fabric 716 on opposite sides of the support structure without having to change the angle of the material or fabric 716 and / or pinch or bunch the material or fabric 716.

[0062] 8I shows a curved needle 740 securing a suture 743 through an eye in the needle 740 at the distal end of the needle 740. The stitch looper 745 includes a plurality of tines configured to secure a portion of the suture 743 during the process. The stitch looper 745 is configured to hold a portion of the suture 743 while the needle 740 is withdrawn through the insertion point. The stitch looper 745 is also configured to form a loop in the suture 743 and position the loop formed by the suture through which the needle 740 passes before creating a new insertion point for the next stitch.

[0063] FIG. 8J shows the needle 740 forming two insertion points that pass through the material or fabric 716 under the support structure 712. The two insertion points are configured to be complementary target locations for forming stitches that secure the material or fabric 716 to the support structure 712. FIG. 8K shows the stitch looper 745 moving toward the needle 740 to secure a portion of the suture. The stitch looper 745 passes between a portion of the suture 743 and the needle 740 to secure a portion of the suture 743. FIG. 8L shows the needle 740 being withdrawn through the same insertion points that the needle 740 just made while the stitch looper 745 secures a portion of the suture 743 to prevent that portion of the suture 743 from passing through these insertion points. FIG. 8M shows the stitch looper 745 moving toward the withdrawn needle in a manner that also rotates the stitch looper 745. This movement creates a loop in the suture 743. FIG. 8N shows the fabric 716 moving as the needle 740 advances again, which will create two new insertion points. As the needle 740 advances, it passes through the loop formed by the suture 743 on the stitch looper 745. FIG. 8O shows the stitch looper 745 after it has been pulled back to its starting location. This movement of the stitch looper 745 removes the loop formed by the suture 743 from the stitch looper 745. In addition, the advancement of the needle 740 through the two new insertion points pulls the loop formed by the suture 743 to tighten the loop around the suture 743, thereby forming stitch 756. This process is then repeated with the steps shown in FIG. 8J to form additional stitches.

[0064] Advantageously, the process described and illustrated in Figures 8B-8O can be used to form stitches in a fabric, and the needles used to form the stitches are never released during the process.

[0065] 7 and 8A, system 700 can include a frame to which one or more automated fixtures (such as both automated fixture 710 and automated fixture 720, for example) can each be attached. In some embodiments, a 16" x 12" x 12" frame can be used. The sides of the frame can be closed or the sides of the frame can be opened so that an operator can see the ongoing process and check for any errors with the fixtures. Automated fixture 720 can be attached to the front of the machine so that it can exit the sewing area, pick up the target implant, rotate and return to the sewing area.

[0066] In some embodiments, the auto-suturing fixture includes one or more motorized actuators (e.g., servo actuators) physically coupled to one another. By constructing the auto-suturing fixture with one or more motor components (e.g., servo motor components), the system 700 can be relatively inexpensive and / or advantageously provide an enhanced range of motion, as well as multiple axes of rotation. In some embodiments, one or more of the auto-suturing fixtures include multiple actuator devices (e.g., servo actuator devices) daisy-chained together and implemented with software scripts to provide cooperative functionality for purposes of positioning a target implant device. For example, the actuator devices or servo actuator devices (e.g., servo motor devices) can be mounted or configured to be mounted horizontally or vertically or at an angle and can articulate in any direction.

[0067] In some embodiments, the second auto-suturing fixture or assembly includes one or more components configured to articulate, operate, and / or position one or more motorized actuators to present a target device (e.g., a heart valve, implant, or other suture target) in a desired or suitable position or presentation for convenient engagement or interaction therewith by other fixtures performing at least a portion of a process (e.g., a suturing process). In some embodiments, the auto-suturing fixture includes multiple motorized actuators mounted, attached, or connected to one another in a desired configuration that provides a desired range of motion for the auto-fixture (e.g., the auto-suturing fixture) for the purpose of articulating a target (e.g., a suture target) associated with or held by the auto-fixture. In some embodiments, a target holder component or assembly may be associated with or connected to one or more of the motorized actuators. Each of the motorized actuators may include one or more rotating or otherwise articulating members driven by a motor or the like. Examples of auto-suturing fixtures and associated components are shown in more detail in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8A and described in more detail herein in connection therewith.

[0068] In some embodiments, the controller provides one or more control signals to direct the placement and / or operation of the fixtures (or motorized actuators of the fixtures) based on the placement script, the suturing process script, and / or user input provided by the operator. For example, the system 700 (or the system 1000 described herein with reference to FIG. 9) can include a user input device (e.g., such as the user input device 1010 shown in FIG. 9) that can be used by an operator to provide input to initiate or direct operation of the controller and / or the automated suturing fixture assembly. For example, the user input device 1010 can include any suitable user input interface, such as a mechanism for user input associated with a graphical user interface associated with an electronic display, where the operator can provide input through interaction with the interface. In some embodiments, the user input device can include one or more physical switches, buttons, pedals, sensors, etc., where a user can provide input through engagement of such mechanisms. In some embodiments, input can be provided using voice commands and / or voice recognition software. A signal can be sent to proceed from one step or stage of the current suturing operation to a subsequent step or stage, for example, input can be provided to a controller to step the system through a script that moves automated fixtures and targets to each position in sequence. These can work together so that the target always moves to a position where a known consistent or fixed path for the needle does not contact the frame or metal of the implant, avoiding damage to the needle and other issues.

[0069] The configuration of the automatic suturing fixture can provide a weight and / or size for the automatic suturing fixture that is relatively small and convenient for use in applications designed to assist in the placement and operation of relatively small devices, such as prosthetic human implant devices. The relatively small size of the system and automatic fixture also allows for use in more compact workspaces, such as those often used to suture prosthetic heart valve implants, for example, the small size allows it to fit and be used on a relatively small desk or table, thereby allowing for more efficient use of building and work area. In some embodiments, the individual actuator devices (e.g., individual servo actuator devices) of the automatic suturing fixture include brushless potentiostats and / or magnetic encoder devices. In some embodiments, the actuator devices are implemented using piezoelectric control with analog voltage signals. In some embodiments, one or more components of the automatic suturing fixture are controlled using pulse width modulated control signals, such as control signals spaced between 0-2 μs. In some embodiments, multiple motor components (e.g., multiple servo motor components) of the automatic suturing fixture share one or more common leads with multiple signals, such as a three-lead connection. In some embodiments, the automatic suturing fixture includes four or more servo motor devices.The devices and fixtures disclosed herein may be remotely controllable or partially remotely controllable.

[0070] A suturing system according to the present disclosure may include one or more automatic suturing fixtures, such as an automatic suturing fixture 720 for articulating a suturing target (e.g., a prosthetic human heart valve implant) to a desired suturing position or other process position. FIG. 9 shows a block diagram illustrating an exemplary control system 1000 for controlling the automatic suturing fixture 1070. The automatic suturing fixture 1070 (which may represent any or all of the automatic fixtures described above) is configured to receive control signals from a controller module 1030. The controller module 1030 may include a combination of software and / or hardware components configured to generate control signals to at least partially direct the operation of the automatic suturing fixture 1070 and / or one or more components thereof.

[0071] In some embodiments, the controller 1030 includes one or more processors and / or controller circuitry configured to access stitching script information 1034 or other script or program information maintained by the controller in its data storage or otherwise accessed by the controller 1030. The controller 1030 can include placement control circuitry 1032 designed to interpret the stitching script information or other script or program information and generate control signals for controlling the automated stitching fixture 1070 and / or another automated fixture based at least in part thereon.

[0072] The stitching script information 1034 or other script or program information may include sequential positioning information for one or more components of the automated suturing fixture 1070 for one or more stitching or other processes that the controller 1030 is designed to implement. For example, in some embodiments, the positioning control circuitry 1032 is configured to provide position information for each step of the stitching process in sequence. Progression from one position step to another may be directed by the controller 1030 based on a timer, or user input or other mechanism.

[0073] The automatic suturing fixture 1070 can include multiple motorized actuators 1071, which can be communicatively coupled to the controller 1030. In some embodiments, the motorized actuators are coupled to each other in a daisy chain configuration, where two or more of the motorized actuators are coupled or wired together in sequence.

[0074] Each of the electric actuators 1071 can include a motor, such as a DC, AC, or brushless DC motor. The motor can be a servo motor. In some embodiments, the motors 1072 are controlled using pulse coded modulation (PCM) as directed by the motor control circuitry 1076. For example, the motor control circuitry 1076 can apply a pulse for a period of time, with the angular positioning of the rotor component 1073 being determined, at least in part, by the length of the pulse. The amount of force applied to the motor 1072 can be proportional to the distance the rotor 1073 rotates.

[0075] In some embodiments, the motorized actuator is a servo actuator device that includes one or more servo feedback components 1074, such as position sensors (e.g., digital encoders, magnetic encoders, lasers, etc.). Use of the servo feedback components 1074 may be desired to achieve a desired level of reliability that the motorized actuator 1071 is positioned as instructed by the controller 1030 with an acceptable degree of accuracy. The servo feedback components 1074 may provide analog signals indicative of the position and / or velocity of the rotor 1073 to the motor control circuitry 1076, which may advantageously allow relatively precise control of the position to achieve a stable and accurate rotor position more quickly. Due at least in part to the dimensions of the material or fabric of the heart valve or other implant device to be stitched in an implant stitching operation using the automatic stitching fixture 1070, relatively precise positioning of the implant device may be necessary or desirable. For example, the fabric or other material to be stitched may include woven strands that form ribs with relatively small gaps between them. In some embodiments, the automatic stitching fixture 1070 may be configured to articulate the stitching target prosthetic human implant device within an accuracy of 0.2 mm or less. Although servo motor devices and components have been described, in some embodiments, one or more of the motorized actuators may include a stepper motor or other type of motor subsystem.

[0076] The electric actuator 1071 may further include a motor control circuit 1076, which may drive the motor 1072 in accordance with control signals received from the controller 1030. In some embodiments, the motor 1072, in combination with a servo feedback mechanism 1074 and / or the motor control circuit 1076, may be advantageously configured to hold the rotor 1073 and / or attached support member in a set position for a desired period of time. The motor 1072 may provide relatively smooth turning and / or precise positioning of the associated rotor 1073. The motor 1072 may be relatively powerful for its size and may draw a force proportional to the mechanical load present on the rotor 1073 and / or associated support member.

[0077] In some embodiments, the servo feedback component 1074 includes a potentiometer connected to the rotor 1073, which may be an output device of the electric actuator 1071. The rotor 1073 may be linked to a potentiometer and control circuit 1076, where the potentiometer is coupled with a signal from the control circuit to control the angle of the rotor 1073 (and associated support members) over a range of rotation, e.g., between 0° and 180°, or more. In some embodiments, the range of rotation of the rotor 1073 is limited by one or more mechanical stops, which may be incorporated within an associated gear mechanism. The potentiometer (or other servo mechanism, such as an internal rotary encoder) allows the control circuit 1076 to monitor the current angle of the motor or rotor. When the rotor 1073 is at the correct angle, the motor 1072 may idle until the next positioning signal is received from the controller 1030.

[0078] The automated suturing fixture 1070 may further include a suture target holder device or assembly 1080 (referred to herein as a suture target holder or assembly, but which may be other types of target holder devices, grippers, or assemblies that hold target devices or components for other procedures). The suture target holder 1080 may be physically coupled to one of the motorized actuators 1071, such as a distal extension arm actuator device of a multiple actuator. The suture target holder 1080 may be configured to hold or be attached to a prosthetic heart valve device, or other prosthetic human implant device, that is desired to be sutured. The suture target holder 1080 may have any suitable or desired shape, configuration, and / or dimensions, and may be configured to hold or secure the target device or implant device in a variety of different ways. An example embodiment of a suture target holder device or assembly is described below in connection with FIG. 10. However, it should be understood that such an embodiment is provided merely by way of example, and that other types of suture target holders may be implemented in the disclosed system.

[0079] FIG. 10 illustrates an articulated arm 1878 and / or one or more actuators coupled to an exemplary holder component 1880. In some embodiments, the holder component 1880 is secured or affixed to the distal articulated arm 1878 or end actuator of the autosuturing fixture for the purpose of providing a boundary for securing an implant device or other target form or device. The holder component or assembly 1880 can be designed or configured to hold or secure an implant device or other target device, or a portion thereof, for the purpose of enabling suturing thereof according to any process or embodiment disclosed herein. The holder component 1880 can be configured to secure or otherwise include a cylindrical form 1885, which can be sized or dimensioned to tension a target device or implant (e.g., a fabric covered support stent for a surgical valve implant device 1818). For example, the valve implant device 1818 can include multiple commissure post portions 1892 as shown, which can be positioned to face toward the holder component 1880 so that the seam 1818 can be stitched over what will ultimately represent the inflow end of the implant device 1818. The cylindrical form or component 1885 can be designed in a manner similar to a handheld implant device holder, which in some embodiments can be used to perform the suturing procedure without the assistance of the articulating arm 1878 and associated components. The fabric 1825 can be placed around a rigid wire frame structure, and the stitching of the stitch 1818 is performed to substantially cover the wire frame with the fabric 1825. The stitching 1818 can secure the fabric 1825 around a stiffening band, as shown and described in FIG. 3A.

[0080] The holder component 1880 can be designed for a particular application, such as a transcatheter heart valve suturing application, or a surgical heart valve suturing operation, or other implant suturing procedure. The valve can be for an animal (e.g., human). Although a surgical valve configuration is shown in FIG. 10, it should be understood that the holder device 1880 and / or other components of FIG. 10 can be designed or configured to support a suturing process and / or other process for a transcatheter heart valve or other valve or other device. For example, although the diagram of FIG. 10 shows a cylindrical form 1885 designed to hold the implant device 1818 in a desired position, such a cylindrical form may not be necessary for a transcatheter heart valve. For example, instead of a cylindrical form 1885, the holder 1880 can instead be configured to secure a rigid cylindrical wire frame of a transcatheter heart valve, one embodiment of which is illustrated and described above in connection with FIG. 1.

[0081] The specific type of holder utilized for a given procedure or application (e.g., a suturing assist application) can be determined on a process-by-process basis; that is, a particular adapter may be appropriate or desirable for each separate operation or procedure, or for a separate type of valve or other target. In some embodiments, a single suturing procedure of an implant device can involve the use of multiple different types of holder devices.

[0082] The suturing procedure may be performed after the suturing system has been programmed with a particular procedure, program, or script. One or more computer components, such as one or more processors and / or memory devices, may be utilized to store and execute the procedure instruction script or program, allowing an operator to play back the procedure script or program on demand.

[0083] The procedure includes loading a stitching process script or program, which may be pre-programmed. The desired script or program may be loaded in a variety of ways, for example, by providing an input to the system or a computer of the system to load the desired script or program from storage or memory.

[0084] The procedure may involve triggering the placement of an auto-suturing fixture (or an automated fixture) and / or performing a suturing operation or other operation or step.

[0085] Once the suturing operation or other operation or step has been performed, the process may end if the suturing operation or other operation or step involved represents a final operation or step of the suturing procedure or other procedure. However, if additional steps of the suturing operation or procedure or other operation or procedure remain, the process may repeat the inducing, placing, or performing steps and may induce subsequent steps of the suturing process or procedure, such that the process 1700 may involve the completion of subsequent steps.

[0086] Depending on the embodiment, some acts, events, or functions of any of the processes or algorithms described herein may be performed in a different order, added, merged, or omitted entirely. Thus, in some embodiments, not all described acts or events are required to implement a process. Also, in some embodiments, acts or events may be performed simultaneously rather than sequentially. For example, multi-threaded processing, interrupt processing, and / or more processors or processor cores may be used.

[0087] Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, "can," "could," "might," "may," "eg," and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise or understood otherwise within the context in which it is used, is intended to have its ordinary meaning and is generally intended to convey that some embodiments include certain features, elements, and / or steps, while other embodiments do not. Thus, such conditional language is generally not intended to imply that features, elements, and / or steps are in any way required by one or more embodiments, or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for determining, with or without author input or prompting, whether those features, elements, and / or steps are included in or should be performed in any particular embodiment. Terms such as "comprising," "including," "having," and the like, are synonymous and are used in their ordinary sense and are used inclusively in an open-ended manner and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, etc. Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (rather than its exclusive sense); for example, when used to connect a list of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunction language, such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z," unless specifically stated otherwise, is to be understood in the context in which it is used and generally conveys that a certain item, term, element, etc., can be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is generally not intended to mean that at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z, respectively, are required to be present in some embodiments.

[0088] In the above description of the embodiments, it should be understood that various features may be grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of simplifying the disclosure and facilitating understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, this method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim requires more features than are expressly recited in that claim. Also, any component, feature, or step illustrated and / or described in a particular embodiment herein may be applied or used in any other embodiment. Moreover, no component, feature, step, or group of components, features, or steps is necessary or essential to each embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the invention disclosed herein and in the following claims should not be limited by the specific embodiments described above, but should be determined solely by a fair interpretation of the following claims.

[0089] The methods described herein include steps illustrating one or more embodiments of the presented methods. Other steps and methods may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more steps, or portions thereof, of the procedures or methods described herein. In addition, the order in which the steps of a particular method occur may or may not strictly follow the order of the corresponding steps described. Components, features, steps, etc. described with respect to one embodiment of this specification may be combined with or included in other embodiments described elsewhere in this specification.

[0090] Components, aspects, features, etc. of the systems, assemblies, devices, apparatus, methods, etc. described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. When components, aspects, features, etc. of the systems, assemblies, devices, apparatus, methods, etc. described herein are implemented in software, the software can be stored in executable form on one or more non-transitory machine-readable media. Furthermore, the software and related steps of the above-mentioned methods can be implemented in the software as a set of data and instructions. A machine-readable medium includes any mechanism that provides (e.g., stores and / or transports) information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a machine-readable medium includes read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, DVDs, electrical, optical, acoustic or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals), EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of medium suitable for storing electronic instructions. Information representing the units, systems, and / or methods stored on a machine-readable medium may be used in the process of creating the units, systems, and / or methods described herein. Hardware used to implement the present invention may include integrated circuits, microprocessors, FPGAs, digital signal controllers, stream processors, and / or other components. [Explanation of symbols]

[0091] 110 Valve 112 frames 116 Skirt 118 Support Post 156 Sutures 180 bottom end 182 Top 184 commissure 193 Lobules 210 Valve 291 Sealing Ring 292 Frame members 293 Lobules 294 Cross Post 320 Wireform 322 commissure 324 Apex 326 Stiffening band 340 Fabric 342 Support Stent 344 Apex 346 commissure 350 stitches 352 Inlet Edge 392 Support Stent 405 Operator 406 First move 407 Second move 408 Downward Angle 409 line of sight 410 Implant Devices 460 Magnification System 461 Eyepiece Components 463 Refraction Elements 506 First move 507 Second move 509 Suture needle 510 Implant Device 700 System 710 First Auto Fixture 712 Support structure 716 Fabric 720 Second Auto Fixture 730 Tension Device 740 needles 743 Sutures 745 Stitch Looper 756 stitches 1000 Control System 1010 User Input Device 1030 Controller Module 1032 Layout control circuit 1034 Stitching Script Information 1070 Auto Stitch Fixture 1071 Electric Actuator 1072 Motor 1073 Rotor 1074 Servo Feedback Components 1076 Motor control circuit 1080 Suture Target Holder 1818 Implant Device 1825 cloth 1878 Articulated Arm 1880 Holder Components 1885 Cylindrical Form 1892 Cross post part

Claims

1. a first automated fixture configured to rotate the target suturing device; a second automated fixture having a curved needle, the second automated fixture being configured to move the curved needle in a fixed path; 1. A suturing system comprising: a first automated fixture and a second automated fixture positioned and configured relative to each other such that the first automated fixture can move the target suturing device in three dimensions to position the target suturing device on the fixed path of the curved needle and implement a predetermined suture pattern on the target suturing device.

2. the first automated fixture includes a first controller configured to instruct the first automated fixture how to position the target suturing device; and / or 10. The suturing system of claim 1, wherein the second automated fixture includes a second controller configured to instruct the second automated fixture when to move the curved needle to implement the suture pattern.

3. the first automated fixture is configured to move the target suturing device in at least four directions; and / or The suturing system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first automated fixture includes an articulated arm.

4. The suturing system of claim 3 , wherein the second automated fixture is configured to implement the suturing pattern as a single suture stitching with the curved needle.

5. the second automated fixture includes a stitch looper having a plurality of tines; 5. The suturing system of claim 4, wherein the tines are configured to secure a portion of a suture and to form a loop by utilizing the portion of the suture when the curved needle travels along the fixed path.

6. The suturing system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein movement of the curved needle is locked relative to movement of the stitch looper.

7. The suturing system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the stitch looper moves along a second fixed path that includes rotation of the stitch looper to form a loop with a portion of the suture.

Images