Golf club including composite material with color coated fiber and method of making the same

Abstract

To provide a golf club including at least one component with a construction that includes a composite material with color / metallic coated fibers.SOLUTION: At least a portion of an outer surface of a golf club head is defined by a layered structure 2200 including color / metallic coated fibers. The layered structure 2200 may include a non-woven composite layer 2210 comprising a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies 2212, and a woven composite layer 2220 disposed over the non-woven fiber composite layer and including color / metallic coated fibers. In some embodiments, an optically transparent coating may be disposed over the woven composite layer 2220. In some embodiments, the color / metallic coated fibers may be electroplated fibers.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 22

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Cross - Reference to Related Applications) This application claims priority to the following U.S. Provisional Patent Applications: U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 535,092, filed Jul. 20, 2017, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 609,027, filed Dec. 21, 2017. Both of these applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. This disclosure relates to golf clubs. More specifically, this disclosure relates to golf clubs, such as a wood - type golf club having a lightweight club head with a composite material having colored coating fibers, e.g., a composite sole or crown insert having colored coating fibers.

[0002]

Background Art

[0003] Modern “wood - type” golf clubs (especially “drivers”, “fairway woods”, and “utility or hybrid clubs”) are generally referred to as “metal woods” because they tend to be made of strong and lightweight metals, such as titanium. Exemplary metal - wood golf clubs, such as drivers or fairway woods, typically comprise a hollow shaft and a club head connected to the lower end of the shaft. The latest club heads are at least partially made of strong but lightweight metal materials, such as titanium, steel, or aluminum alloys. There are also heads formed from carbon fiber composite materials. The use of these materials allows for club heads larger than those currently demanded by golfers, i.e., club heads with a volume of at least 300 cc and up to about 500 cc. ​​​​​​​​​​ is advantageous for the driver. A club head that is larger in size but of conventional weight makes it easier for some golfers to launch the golf ball with higher accuracy in the air and aims to provide a larger "sweet spot" on the striking face and the moment of inertia of the club.

[0004] Titanium alloys are particularly preferred in the design of club heads aimed at a combination of strength and light weight. However, the materials can be very expensive. Steel alloys are more economical, but since the density of steel alloys is greater than that of titanium alloys, the size of steel club heads is limited in order to maintain durability while remaining within the conventional head weight.

[0005] For example, composite club heads such as carbon fiber reinforced epoxy or other polymers are alternatives to metal club heads. A notable advantage is that they are relatively lightweight compared to stainless steel alloys. However, these club heads have suffered from the durability and performance quality associated with composite materials. These include higher labor costs during manufacturing and unwanted sound absorption of composite materials.

[0006] A lightweight and durable golf club head that can be manufactured using a cost-effective process may be desired. Therefore, there is a continuing need for innovation in the construction and manufacture of golf club heads. The embodiments described herein meet such needs and the like. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The present disclosure includes at least one structure having a composite material with colored coating fibers ​​​​Regarding a golf club including a component (e.g., a club head or a club shaft) is described. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following embodiments for carrying out the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings will proceed.

[0008] Some embodiments include a grip, a golf club shaft, and a golf club head and at least a part of the outer surface of the golf club head is a nonwoven composite layer including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, the unidirectional fiber composite plies including an innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply and an outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply, a nonwoven composite layer, and an outermost unidirectional fiber composite A fabric composite layer disposed on the ply and including colored coating fibers, and a light-transmissive coating disposed on the fabric composite layer A light-transmissive coating that defines the smallest part of the outer surface of the golf club head is provided, and the golf club is defined by a layer structure including is the object. targets golf clubs.

[0009] In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer includes a fiber weight of 200 grams or more per square meter of fibers.

[0010] In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a crown insert including a layer structure . In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a sole insert including a layer structure . In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a face insert including a layer structure .

[0011] In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers of the fabric composite layer are core fibers and core fibers It may include a metal coating layer coated on the core. In some embodiments the core fiber may include at least one of carbon fiber, glass fiber, or polymer-based fiber In some embodiments, the metal coating layer may have a different color from the core fiber and may be.

[0012] In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers of the fabric composite layer may be embedded in a polymer matrix material. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix material may be light-transmissive. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers of the fabric composite layer include a core fiber, a coating layer coated on the core fiber, and a coating layer coated on the coating layer and configured to adhere the colored coating fiber to the polymer matrix material and a polymer sizing layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, each of the colored coating fibers of the fabric composite layer may include colored coating carbon fibers.

[0014] In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer has a plain weave pattern, twill weave pattern, satin weave pattern, harness-satin weave pattern, triaxial pattern, jacquard pattern, acreage pattern, constellation pattern, galaxy pattern, rock pattern pattern, atomic pattern, wasp nest pattern, Roswell pattern, labyrinth pattern, basket weave pattern, dobby weave pattern, pick weave pattern, momi e weave pattern, interlaced weave pattern, swivel weave pattern, double weave pattern, pie A weft knitting pattern, a slack-tension knitting pattern, a tapestry knitting pattern, a predrawn tow knitting pattern, a wavy knitting pattern, and an Oxford knitting pattern from the group consisting of may be included.

[0015] In some embodiments, the layer structure may have a thickness in the range of 0.10 mm to 1.20 mm . In some embodiments, the layer structure may have a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm . In some embodiments, the layer structure may have a thickness in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.8 mm .

[0016] In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer may include colored coated carbon fibers and metal fibers interwoven with the colored coated carbon fibers. In some embodiments, the metal fibers are colored coated metal fibers.

[0017] In some embodiments, the golf club may include a movable weight configured to move from a first position to a second position of the golf club head. In some embodiments, the golf club may include a hosel portion configured to receive a sleeve attached to the golf club shaft, and the sleeve can be arranged to adjust the loft angle, lie angle, or face angle of the golf club head.

[0018] In some embodiments, the colored coated fibers of the fabric composite layer may include colored electroplated fibers.

[0019] In some embodiments, the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply may include colored coated fibers. ​​

[0020] Some embodiments are directed to a golf club head that includes an inner composite layer having a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, and an outer composite layer disposed over the inner composite layer and having colored coating fibers embedded in a matrix material, and includes at least a portion defined by a layer structure, including an outer surface.

[0021] Some embodiments include a golf club head that includes a grip, a golf club shaft, and a hosel portion configured to receive a sleeve attached to the golf club shaft, wherein the sleeve is arranged to adjust the loft angle, lie angle, or face angle of the golf club head, and at least a portion of the outer surface of the golf club head includes an inner composite layer having a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, and an outer composite layer disposed over the inner composite layer and having colored coating fibers embedded in a matrix material, and is defined by a layer structure.

[0022] Some embodiments include a grip, a golf club shaft, and a golf club head, wherein at least one of the golf club head and the golf club shaft includes a nonwoven composite layer including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, and a woven composite layer disposed over the nonwoven composite layer and including colored coating fibers embedded in a matrix material, and includes an outer surface defined by a layer structure.

[0023] In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers of the woven composite layer include a core fiber and a It may include an electroplated metal coating layer coated on the core fiber. In some embodiments, the electroplated metal coating layer may have a different color from the core fiber.

[0024] In some embodiments, the unidirectional fiber composite ply may include an innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply and an outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply, and the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply includes colored coating fibers.

[0025] In some embodiments, the golf club may include a light-transmissive coating disposed on the fabric composite layer, and the light-transmissive coating defines the outermost surface of the layer structure.

[0026] In some embodiments, at least a part of the face of the golf club head may be defined by the layer structure.

[0027] Some embodiments are directed to a golf club comprising a grip, a golf club shaft, and a golf club head, wherein at least one of the golf club head and the golf club shaft includes a first composite layer comprising a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, and an outer composite layer disposed on the first composite layer and comprising colored coating fibers embedded in a matrix material, and the golf club includes an outer surface defined by the layer structure.

[0028] In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a crown insert including a layer structure. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a sole insert including a layer structure. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a face insert including a layer structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS​​​​​​​

[0029] The present invention is not limited thereto, and is shown by way of example in the figures of the accompanying drawings, and like reference numerals in the figures indicate similar elements.

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[0086] Embodiments of a golf club head are described below in the context of a driver-type golf club It should be noted that the described principles, methods, and designs are applicable, in whole or in part, to fairway woods, utility clubs (also known as hybrid clubs), etc. A golf club including one or more components at least partially composed of a composite material can provide beneficial characteristics to a golfer.

[0087] For example, a golf club head composed of two or more materials (e.g., a metal material and a composite material) can provide beneficial characteristics (e.g., weight characteristics, sound characteristics, size characteristics, and center of gravity characteristics) to a golfer. In some cases, a composite club head may include a metal body and one or more inserts including a composite material. For example, the composite material insert may define a part of the crown of the club head and / or the composite material may define a part of the sole of the club head. The composite insert can help to lighten the weight of a given club head shape without sacrificing the mechanical characteristics (e.g., strength and impact performance characteristics) of the club head due to the lightweight and high-strength characteristics of the composite material. In some examples, the sound generated when a golf club head strikes a golf ball can be a factor in the psychological characteristics of consumers of golf clubs. For example, a consumer may positively associate a pleasing sound with a particular golf club brand or golf club line.

[0088] Also, a consumer may negatively associate an unpleasant (or less pleasing) sound with a particular golf club brand or golf club line. This positive or negative association can influence the purchase of a particular golf club or golf club head. For example, a consumer may be more likely to purchase a golf club that produces a sound they find pleasing. Conversely, a consumer may be less likely to purchase a golf club that produces a sound they find unpleasant. This positive or negative association can be a factor in the purchase decision of a particular golf club or golf club head. This positive or negative association can influence the purchase of a particular golf club or golf club head. It can affect the consumer's decision (to buy or not to buy). In some embodiments the audible characteristics of the golf club head can be tailored by incorporating metal fibers into the composite layers used to construct the club head to provide a desired sound. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be fibers made from a metal material. In some embodiments, the metal fibers may include a non-metal material core coated with a metal material. In some embodiments, the metal fibers may include a metal material core coated with a metal material.

[0089] The (multiple types of) metal materials of the fibers can affect the damping characteristics of the composite layer and thus can affect the sound produced when the golf club head strikes a golf ball. In embodiments that include a metal coating, the metal coating may be an electroplated metal coating. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be incorporated into a crown insert for the golf club head to affect the acoustics of the golf club head. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be incorporated into a sole insert for the

[0090] In addition to structural characteristics (e.g., weight characteristics, sound characteristics, size characteristics, and center of gravity characteristics), the configuration of visual features in a golf club can be of interest. The visual features of a golf club (e.g., alignment mechanisms, logos, brand names, product names, and aesthetic patterns) can be important tools for 、 can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance. can play a role in influencing the decision of a consumer to purchase (or not purchase) a golf club or a component of a golf club. Further, it may be desirable to provide visual features that do not fade or deteriorate over time. In particular, it may be desirable to provide an alignment mechanism for a golf club (e.g., an alignment mechanism that assists a golfer by visually aligning a club head with a golf ball) that does not fade or deteriorate over time. A faded or deteriorated alignment mechanism can affect the golfer's ability to accurately align the club head and / or the golfer himself / herself with respect to the golf ball, and such alignment can affect the golfer's performance.

[0091] In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers representing a composite layer having a material with a color different from that of the fibers can be utilized to constitute visually attractive visual features in a golf club. In such embodiments, due to the nature of the fiber composite layer / plies, the colored coating on the fibers is protected from damage by the matrix material of the composite. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metallic material. In such embodiments, the metallic colored coating can serve the dual purpose of providing visually attractive visual features for the golf club and providing desired acoustic properties.

[0092] In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a crown insert for a golf club head to provide one or more of the benefits described above. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a crown insert for a golf club head to provide one or more of the benefits described above. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a sole insert for a golf club head to provide one or more of the benefits described above. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a golf club shaft to provide one or more of the benefits described above. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a face insert for a golf club head to provide one or more of the benefits described above. For this purpose, it can be incorporated into the sole insert for the golf club head. In some embodiments, For this purpose, it can be incorporated into the golf club shaft to provide one or more of the benefits described above. In some embodiments, for this purpose, it can be incorporated into the golf club shaft. In some embodiments, the colored coating fibers can be incorporated into a face insert for a golf club head to provide one or more of the benefits described above. For this purpose, it can be incorporated into the face insert for the golf club head.

[0093] The golf club head 10 according to some embodiments is shown in FIGS. 1-8. The golf club head 10 includes a body 11 and a face portion 42 coupled to the body 11. Further, the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. The golf club head 10 according to some embodiments is shown in FIGS. 1-8. The golf club head 10 includes a body 11 and a face portion 42 coupled to the body 11. Further, the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. the golf club head 10 defines a toe region 14 and a heel region 16 on the opposite side of the toe region 14. The body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a front region 12 and a rear region 18 on the opposite side of the front region 12. The face portion 42 is coupled to the body 11 in the front region 12 of the body 11. In some embodiments, the face portion 42 may include a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510). The body 11 of the golf club head 10 additionally includes a sole portion 17 that defines the bottom of the golf club head 10 and a crown portion 19 that is on the opposite side of the sole portion 17 and defines the top of the golf club head 10. Also, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a skirt portion 21 that defines a transition region where the body 11 of the golf club head 10 transitions between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. Thus, the skirt portion 21 is located between the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17.

[0094] The golf club head 10 also includes a hosel 20 extending from the heel region 16 of the golf club head 10. As shown in FIG. 9, the shaft 102 of the golf club 100 may be directly attached to the hosel 20, or alternatively, the hosel 20 may be indirectly attached thereto via, for example, a flight control technology (FCT) component (e.g., a hosel insert 22 that may be an adjustable lie / loft assembly) coupled to the hosel 20 (see, e.g., FIG. 2). The golf club 100 also includes a grip 104 fitted around the distal or free end of the shaft 102. The grip 104 of the golf club 100 serves to facilitate handling of the golf club 100 by the user during a golf swing. The golf club head 10 includes a hosel axis 91, which is coaxial with the shaft 102 and defines the central axis of the hosel 20.

[0095] In some embodiments, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1-8, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 includes a frame 24 to which one or more inserts of the body 11 are coupled. For example, the crown portion 19 of the body 11 includes a crown insert 26 coupled to the toe side of the frame 24. Similarly, the sole portion 17 of the body 11 includes a sole insert 28 coupled to the bottom side of the frame 24. In some embodiments, the golf club head 10 may include two or more crown inserts 26 and / or two or more sole inserts 28. In some embodiments, the (plural) crown inserts 26 and / or the (plural) sole inserts 28 may include a layer structure (e.g., layer structures 2200 and 2300) as discussed herein. ​

[0096] In some examples of the golf club head 10, the body 11 may not include an insert (e.g., the body 11 forms a one-piece monolithic structure), but according to a particular example of the golf club head 10, the body 11 includes one or more inserts firmly fixed to the frame 24. For example, the frame 24 of the body 11 has a size and is configured to receive all or part of the sole insert 28 and / or has at least one of a sole opening 60 and / or a crown opening 62 that has a size and is configured to receive all or part of the crown insert 26. More specifically, the sole opening 60 may receive all or part of the sole insert 28 and may firmly fix the sole insert 28. The sole insert 28 may have a rear weight track 30 (as described below) joined thereto. Similarly, the crown opening 62 may receive all or part of the crown insert 26 and may firmly fix the crown insert 26. The sole opening and the crown opening 60, 62 are each formed to have a peripheral edge or recess for seating the sole insert 28 and the crown insert 26, and the sole insert and the crown insert 28, 26 are in the same plane as the frame 24, or have either a slightly recessed outer surface or a slightly protruding outer surface, so as to provide a smooth and seamless outer surface. As used herein, the term "in the same plane" means, in a surface profile, the same surface with no height change greater Refers to two surfaces having edges that follow a profile. For the purpose of determining height variations, the edge of the first surface is considered to have a height of zero, and the height of the second surface is measured relative to the first surface. The height of the first and second surfaces is measured perpendicular to the surface profile at the edges of these surfaces. For example, the plane of identity at the interface between the crown insert 26 and the frame 24 can help hide the location of the adhesive, which may not be aesthetically appealing as a material layer and / or coating layer of the frame 24 and the crown insert 26. A sole insert or crown insert that defines a slightly recessed outer surface or a slightly protruding outer surface will have a height variation of more than + / - 0.15 mm relative to the frame 24. In some embodiments, the frame 24 may have a face opening in the front region 12 of the body 11 to receive and securely hold the face portion 42 of the golf club head 10. The face portion 42 can be securely fixed to the face opening of the frame 24 by welding, brazing, soldering, screwing, or other connecting means. The face portion 42 can be made of various materials, such as any of metal, metal alloy, fiber-reinforced polymer, etc. In some implementations, the face portion may be integrally formed. The frame 24 of the body 11 can be made of a variety of different types of materials. By way of example, the frame 24 can be a metal material, such as titanium or a titanium alloy (6-4 titanium, 3-2.5, 6-4, SP700, 15-3-3-3, 10-2-3, or other alpha / near-alpha, alpha-beta, and beta / near-beta titanium alloys, among others.

[0097]

[0098] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​(but not limited to), aluminum and aluminum alloys (such as 3000 series alloys, 500 0 series alloys, 6000 series alloys, such as 6061-T6, and 7000 series alloys, such as 7075, etc., but not limited to these) and the like. The frame 24 may be manufactured by conventional casting, metal pressing, or other known manufacturing processes . In certain examples, the frame 24 may be manufactured from non-metallic materials. Generally speaking, the frame 24 provides a frame or skeleton of the golf club head 10 for strengthening the golf club head 10 in the region of high stress generated by the impact of the golf ball by the face portion 42 . Such regions include the transition regions where the golf club head 10 transitions from the face portion 42 of the body 11 to the crown portion 19, the sole portion 17, and the skirt portion 21 .

[0099] In some embodiments, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 may be manufactured from a polymer or a fiber-reinforced polymer (e.g., a composite material). The polymer can be any of a variety of polymers, such as either a thermoplastic or a thermosetting material. The fibers of the fiber-reinforced polymer or composite material can be any of a variety of fibers, such as either carbon fibers or glass fibers. One exemplary material from which the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 can be manufactured is a thermoplastic continuous carbon fiber composite laminate having carbon fibers that are long and aligned in a PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) matrix or base

[0100] The fiber-reinforced poly ​​​​​​​​​A commercial example of a ply is TEPEX (registered trademark) manufactured by Lanxess (registered trademark). It is DYNALITE 207. TEPEX (registered trademark) DYNALITE 207 is a high-strength and lightweight material, aligned in a sheet form, and has multiple layers of continuous carbon fiber reinforcements in a PPS thermoplastic matrix or polymer for embedding fibers. The material can have a fiber volume of 54% , but it can also be other fiber volumes. For example, in some embodiments the fiber volume can be within any range having as endpoints any two of 70%, 65%, 60%, 57%, 54%, 42%, or these values. According to one example, the material has a weight of 200 g / m2.

[0101] Another commercial example of the fiber-reinforced polymer from which the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are manufactured is TEPEX (registered trademark) DYNALITE 208. This material also has a carbon fiber volume in the range of 42 - 70%. For example, in some embodiments the fiber volume can be within any range having as endpoints any two of 70%, 65%, 60%, 57%, 45%, 42%, or these values. In some embodiments, the carbon fiber can have a volume of 45% and a weight of 200 g / m2. DYNALITE 208 differs from DYNALITE 207 in that it has a TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane matrix or base instead of a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix.

[0102] As an example, the fibers of each sheet of TEPEX (registered trademark) DYNALITE 207 sheet (or other fiber reinforced polymer material, e.g., DYNALITE 208) are in the same direction ​oriented, and these sheets are oriented in different directions from each other, and these sheets are placed in a two-piece (male / female) matched die, heated above the melting temperature, and formed when the die is closed This process is sometimes called thermoforming and is particularly well-suited for forming the sole insert 28 and the crown insert 26. After the crown insert 26 and the sole insert 28 are formed (separately in some implementations) by the thermoforming process, they are each cooled and removed from the matched die. In some implementations, the crown insert 26 and / or the sole insert 28 may have a uniform thickness, which facilitates the use of the thermoforming process and eases manufacturing. However, in other implementations, the crown insert 26 and / or the sole insert 28 may have a variable thickness to enhance the selected position regions of each insert to improve the durability, acoustic properties, or other properties of the insert, for example, by adding additional ply to the selected regions. This makes it easier to use the thermoforming process and simplifies manufacturing. However, in other implementations, the crown insert 26 and / or the sole insert 28 may have a variable thickness to enhance the selected position regions of each insert to improve the durability, acoustic properties, or other properties of the insert, for example, by adding additional ply to the selected regions. This may be achieved, for example, by adding additional ply to the selected regions to provide a variable thickness for strengthening the selected regions of the insert, thereby improving the durability, acoustic properties, or other properties of the insert.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 2, the crown insert 26 and the sole insert 28 each have a complex three-dimensional shape and curvature that generally correspond to the desired shape and curvature of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17 of the golf club head 10. It will be understood that various types of club heads, such as driver-type club heads, fairway wood-type club heads, iron-type club heads, or putter-type club heads, may be manufactured using one or more of the principles, methods, and materials described herein. As shown in FIG. 2, the crown insert 26 and the sole insert 28 each have a complex three-dimensional shape and curvature that generally correspond to the desired shape and curvature of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17 of the golf club head 10. It will be understood that various types of club heads, such as driver-type club heads, fairway wood-type club heads, iron-type club heads, or putter-type club heads, may be manufactured using one or more of the principles, methods, and materials described herein. For example, driver-type club heads, fairway wood-type club heads, iron-type club heads, or putter-type club heads may be manufactured using one or more of the principles, methods, and materials described herein. It will be understood that various types of club heads, such as driver-type club heads, fairway wood-type club heads, iron-type club heads, or putter-type club heads, may be manufactured using one or more of the principles, methods, and materials described herein.

[0104] In an alternative embodiment, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are​ It can be manufactured by processes other than thermoforming, such as injection molding or thermosetting. In the thermosetting process, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are prepreg impregnated with a resin and a hardener formulation that activates when heated, and can be manufactured with a "prepreg" ply of woven or unidirectional composite fiber cloth (e.g., carbon fiber composite cloth). The prepreg ply is placed in a mold suitable for the thermosetting process, such as a bladder mold or a compression mold, and stacked / oriented with carbon fibers or other fibers oriented in different directions. The ply is heated to activate a chemical reaction and form the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26. Each insert is cooled and removed from its respective mold. In some embodiments, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 may be manufactured by a hybrid process that includes a thermoforming or thermosetting process and an injection molding process. In the thermosetting process, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are prepreg impregnated with a resin and a hardener formulation that activates when heated, and can be manufactured with a "prepreg" ply of woven or unidirectional composite fiber cloth (e.g., carbon fiber composite cloth). It can be manufactured by processes other than thermoforming, such as injection molding or thermosetting. In the thermosetting process, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are prepreg impregnated with a resin and a hardener formulation that activates when heated, and can be manufactured with a "prepreg" ply of woven or unidirectional composite fiber cloth (e.g., carbon fiber composite cloth). For example, it can be manufactured with a "prepreg" ply of a woven or unidirectional composite fiber cloth (such as a carbon fiber composite cloth) that is prepreg impregnated with a resin and a hardener formulation that activates when heated. The prepreg ply is placed in a mold suitable for the thermosetting process, such as a bladder mold or a compression mold, and stacked / oriented with carbon fibers or other fibers oriented in different directions. The ply is heated to activate a chemical reaction and form the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26. The prepreg ply is placed in a mold suitable for the thermosetting process, such as a bladder mold or a compression mold, and stacked / oriented with carbon fibers or other fibers oriented in different directions. The ply is heated to activate a chemical reaction and form the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26. Each insert is cooled and removed from its respective mold. In some embodiments, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 may be manufactured by a hybrid process that includes a thermoforming or thermosetting process and an injection molding process. In some embodiments, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 may be manufactured by a hybrid process that includes a thermoforming or thermosetting process and an injection molding process. It can be manufactured by processes other than thermoforming, such as injection molding or thermosetting. In the thermosetting process, the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 are prepreg impregnated with a resin and a hardener formulation that activates when heated, and can be manufactured with a "prepreg" ply of woven or unidirectional composite fiber cloth (e.g., carbon fiber composite cloth).

[0105] The carbon fiber reinforcement material for the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 manufactured by the thermosetting manufacturing process may be carbon fiber known as "34 - 700" fiber available from Grafil, Inc. (Sacramento, California), which has a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another suitable fiber available from Grafil, Inc. is carbon fiber known as "TR50S" fiber. This carbon fiber has a tensile modulus of 240 GPa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). The carbon fiber reinforcement material for the sole insert 28 and / or the crown insert 26 manufactured by the thermosetting manufacturing process may be carbon fiber known as "34 - 700" fiber available from Grafil, Inc. (Sacramento, California), which has a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). This carbon fiber has a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). It also has a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another suitable fiber available from Grafil, Inc. is carbon fiber known as "TR50S" fiber. This carbon fiber has a tensile modulus of 240 GPa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). This carbon fiber has a tensile modulus of 240 GPa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 Ksi). Exemplary epoxy resins for use in prepreg plies include Newport 301 and and 350, Newport Adhesives & Composites , Inc. (Irvine, California).

[0106] In one example, the prepreg sheet has a thickness of about 20 g / m 2 ~about 200g / m 2 , preferably about 70g / m 2 and is impregnated with epoxy resin (e.g., Newport 301). , a quasi-isotropic fiber reinforcement of 34-700 fibers resulting in a resin content (R / C) of approximately 40%. For convenience of reference, the main composition of the prepreg sheet is 70FAW34-70 The fiber type may be specified by an abbreviation such as 0.0 or the fiber basis weight. The form is, for example, 70FAW34-700 / 301, R / C 40%, etc., resin-based and resin-based. The fat content may further be specified.

[0107] In light of the above, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 of the present disclosure is made of a fiber reinforced polymer. A crown portion 19 at least partially made of fiber reinforced polymer or a crown part entirely made of metal or metal alloy. At least one of the upper portion 19 and the sole portion 17. For example, in certain embodiments, The body 11 of the golf club head 10 is at least partially fabricated from a fiber reinforced polymer. In another embodiment, the golf club has both a crown portion 19 and a sole portion 17. The body 11 of the rub head 10 is a clad member made at least in part of a fiber-reinforced polymer. The sole portion 17 is entirely made of metal or metal alloy, and the sole portion 19 is entirely made of metal or metal alloy. In an embodiment, the body 11 of the golf club head 10 is entirely made of metal or a metal alloy and has both a crown portion 19 and a sole portion 17. However, as will be described in more detail below, regardless of the variability in the composition of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17 of the golf club head 10 of the present disclosure, crown portions 19 of the same type of profile can be common among various embodiments of the golf club head 10 in order to synergistically promote certain performance characteristics of the golf club head 10, along with the composition of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. manufactured. As will be described in more detail below, regardless of the variability in the composition of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17 of the golf club head 10 of the present disclosure, crown portions 19 of the same type of profile can be common among various embodiments of the golf club head 10 in order to synergistically promote certain performance characteristics of the golf club head 10, along with the composition of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. and sole portion 17. 19 can be common among various embodiments of the golf club head 10 in order to synergistically promote certain performance characteristics of the golf club head 10, along with the composition of the crown portion 19 and the sole portion 17. portion 19 and the sole portion 17. among various embodiments of the golf club head 10.

[0108] FIGS. 18 and 19 illustrate a crown insert 1800 according to some embodiments. The crown insert 1800 can be utilized in the structure of a golf club head such as the golf club head 10, the golf club head 500, or the golf club head 4500. The crown insert 1800 includes a front side 1802, a rear side 1804, a heel side 1806, and a toe side 1808. The crown insert 1800 may be manufactured from a composite material including the layer structure discussed herein. The depth 1812 of the crown insert 1800 measured from the front side 1802 to the rear side 1804 can range from 80 millimeters (mm) to 110 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can range from 90 mm to 100 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94.61 mm. From the heel side 1806 to The crown insert 1800 includes a front side 1802, a rear side 1804, a heel side 1806, and a toe side 1808. The crown insert 1800 includes a front side 1802, a rear side 1804, a heel side 1806, and a toe side 1808. The crown insert 1800 may be manufactured from a composite material including the layer structure discussed herein. The crown insert 1800 may be manufactured from a composite material including the layer structure discussed herein.

[0109] The measured depth 1812 of the crown insert 1800 from the front side 1802 to the rear side 1804 can range from 80 millimeters (mm) to 110 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can range from 90 mm to 100 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94.61 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can range from 90 mm to 100 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94.61 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94.61 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 1812 can be 94.61 mm. From the heel side 1806 to The measured width 1810 of the crown insert 1800 up to the outside 1808 is 1 in the range of 10 mm to 140 mm. In some embodiments, the width 1810 is 12 in the range of 0 mm to 130 mm. In some embodiments, the width 1810 is 123 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the width 1810 is 123.4 0 mm. The measured thickness 1814 of the crown insert 1800 from the outer surface 1820 to the inner surface 182 2 is in the range of 0.50 mm to 0. 70 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness 1814 is 0.58 mm + / - 0.05 mm.

[0110] In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800 may include a surface element 1824 formed on the outer surface 1820 . In some embodiments, the surface element 1824 may be a protrusion formed on the outer surface 1820. In some embodiments, the surface element 18 24 may be a recess formed on the outer surface 1820. The wall 1 826 intersecting the outer surface 1820 may define a peripheral edge 1828 of the surface element 1824. In some embodiments, the wall 1826 may define a peripheral edge 1828 that completely surrounds the surface element 1824. In some embodiments, the wall 1826 may define a peripheral edge 1828 that partially surrounds the surface element 1824 . For example, the wall 1826 can define the peripheral edge 1828 at the front portion of the surface element 1826, and the rear portion of the surface element 1824 may or may not be defined by the wall 1824 . In such embodiments, the depth / height of the surface element 1824 is , when moving from the front portion of the surface element 1824 towards the rear portion of the surface element 1824, zero , and may or may not be defined. In such embodiments, the depth / height of the surface element 1824 is zero when moving from the front portion of the surface element 1824 towards the rear portion of the surface element 1824 . It can decrease towards the value of ro. In certain embodiments, the wall 1826 is less than 20%, less than 30%, less than 40%, less than 50%, less than 70%, less than 80%, or less than 90% of the entire circumference, defining a peripheral portion 1828.

[0111] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the edge 1828 is in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm or 0 .5 mm to 3.0 mm or 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm or 0.5 mm to 15.0 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the edge 1828 can be 1.0 mm. The recess 1824 can have one or more structural characteristics (e.g., weight characteristics, sound characteristics, size characteristics, and center of gravity characteristics) of the crown insert 1800, and, thus, can have a size and shape suitable for fitting into the club head to which the crown insert 18 00 is attached.

[0112] Figures 20 and 21 show a sole insert set 2000 according to some embodiments. The sole insert set 2000 includes a first sole insert 2010 and a second sole insert 2050. The sole inserts 2010 and 2050 can be used in the structure of a golf club head, e.g., golf club head 10, golf club head 500, or golf club head 4500. The sole inserts 2010 and 2050 may be made of a composite material including the layer structure discussed herein.

[0113] The first sole insert 2010 includes a front side 2012, a rear side 2014, a heel side 2016, and a toe side 2018. The measured depth 2020 of the first sole insert 2010 from the front side 2012 to the rear side 2014 is 50 mm. It can be in the range of ~80 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 2020 can be in the range of 60 mm to 7 0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 2020 can be 62.5 mm + / -1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the depth 2020 can be 62.8 mm and can be measured from the heel side 2016 to the toe side 2018 of the first sole insert 2010 The width 2022 of the first sole insert 2010 can be in the range of 45 mm to 75 mm. In some embodiments the width 2022 can be in the range of 55 mm to 65 mm. In some embodiments the width 2022 can be 60 mm + / −1 mm. In some embodiments, the width 2 022 can be 59.9 mm. The thickness 202 4 of the first sole insert 2010 measured from the outer surface 203 0 to the inner surface 2032 of the first sole insert 2010 can be in the range of 0.50 mm to 0.70 mm. In some embodiments the thickness 2

[0114] Similar to the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050 has a front side 2052, a rear side 2054, a heel side 2056, and a toe side 2058 and is included. The depth 2060 of the second sole insert 2050 measured from the front side 2052 to the rear side 2054 can be in the range of 35 mm to 65 mm. In some embodiments the depth 2060 can be in the range of 45 mm to 55 mm. In some embodiments the depth 2060 can be 51.5 mm + / −1.0 mm. In some embodiments the depth 2060 can be 51.6 mm. Measured from the heel side 2056 to the toe side The measured width 2062 of the second sole insert 2050 up to 2058 is 25 mm ~55 mm. In some embodiments, the width 2062 can be in the range of 35 mm to 45 mm. In some embodiments, the width 2062 can be 40 mm + / - 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the width 2062 can be 39.8 mm. The measured thickness 2064 of the second sole insert 2050 from the outer surface 2070 to the inner surface 2072 of the second sole insert 2050 can be in the range of 0.50 mm to 0.70 mm In some embodiments, the thickness 2064 can be 0.58 mm + / - 0.10 mm.

[0115] In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 20 10, and / or the second sole insert 2050 can be composed of a composite material including one or more layers / plys containing metal coating fibers embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010 and / or the second sole insert 2050 can be composed of a composite material including one or more layers / plys containing colored coating fibers embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fibers can be a metal colored coating. For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms "colored / metal coating" and "colored / metal coating" include colored coatings, metal coatings, and colored metal coatings, which are coatings of the following types.

[0116] In some embodiments, the fibers are carbon fibers, glass fibers, metal fibers, or polymer ​​​- a fiber (e.g., Kevlar® fiber or Mylar® fiber) or combinations thereof may also be used. In embodiments including polymer fibers, the fibers may be dyed in addition to, or as an alternative to, a colored coating . In embodiments including metal fibers, suitable metal materials include, but are not limited to, steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, stainless steel, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, or alloys of one or more of these materials. In embodiments including colored coating fibers, the colored coating may be a different color from the color of the fiber itself. In some embodiments, the colored / metal coated fibers may be unidirectional fibers embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the colored / metal coated fibers may be fibers woven in a pattern and may be embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the colored / metal fibers woven in a pattern may not be embedded in a matrix material and may be bonded (e.g., adhered) to other layers in a layer structure. For example, the colored / metal fibers woven in a pattern may be bonded to a metal layer, composite layer, or other hard surface of a club head, a crown insert, a sole insert, or a face insert. The colored / metal coating may be applied to the fibers using suitable coating methods. Examples of such methods include, but are not limited to, electroplating, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and anodic oxidation. In embodiments including a metal coating, the coating ... ... ... ... ...

[0117] ... ... ... The ting metal material can be nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) , gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium ( Mg), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), tin ( Sn), tungsten (W), and alloys containing one or more of these materials but are not limited to these.

[0118] In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face in insert 4510 described herein can be composed of a layer structure including one or more layers / plies having colored / metal-coated fibers. In some embodiments, the layer structure can define at least a portion of the outer surface of the golf club head (e.g., the outer surface 90 of the golf club head 10). In such embodiments, the outer surface of the golf club head can be the outermost surface of the golf club head exposed to the surrounding environment of the golf club head. In some embodiments , the layer structure can define the outer surfaces 1820, 2030, 2070, and / or 4512 of the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510, respectively. In some embodiments, the outer surfaces 1820, 2030, 2070, and / or 4512 can define a portion of the outer surface of the golf club head.

[0119] In some embodiments, the coloring of the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 20 10, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 The coloring / metal coating fibers may extend from the center of the insert to the peripheral edge of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 95% or more, 90% or more, 85% or more, 80% or more, 70% or more, 60% or more, 50% or more, 40% or more, 30% or more, 20% or more, 10% or more, or 5% or more of the outer surface area of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50% or less of the outer surface area of the insert. For example, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the outer surface area of the insert, or within a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may be manufactured to fit within the crown recessed area, the sole recessed area, and the face recessed area for a consistent, uniform bond gap (junction) between the club head frame and the insert. In such embodiments, the consistent, uniform bond gap between the insert and the frame may minimize the need for a coating layer to mask or cover the bond gap to hide imperfections in the bond gap. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the bond gap (junction) of the insert are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Filed on December 6, 2016 In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50% or less of the outer surface area of the insert. For example, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the outer surface area of the insert, or within a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50% or less of the outer surface area of the insert. For example, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the outer surface area of the insert, or within a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50% or less of the outer surface area of the insert. For example, the coloring / metal coating fibers may be visible at 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the outer surface area of the insert, or within a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating fibers of the insert may be visible at the peripheral edge of the outer surface of the insert.

[0120] In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may be manufactured to fit within the crown recessed area, the sole recessed area, and the face recessed area for a consistent, uniform bond gap (junction) between the club head frame and the insert. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may be manufactured to fit within the crown recessed area, the sole recessed area, and the face recessed area for a consistent, uniform bond gap (junction) between the club head frame and the insert. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may be manufactured to fit within the crown recessed area, the sole recessed area, and the face recessed area for a consistent, uniform bond gap (junction) between the club head frame and the insert. In some embodiments, the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may be manufactured to fit within the crown recessed area, the sole recessed area, and the face recessed area for a consistent, uniform bond gap (junction) between the club head frame and the insert. In such embodiments, the consistent, uniform bond gap between the insert and the frame may minimize the need for a coating layer to mask or cover the bond gap to hide imperfections in the bond gap. In such embodiments, the consistent, uniform bond gap between the insert and the frame may minimize the need for a coating layer to mask or cover the bond gap to hide imperfections in the bond gap. In some embodiments, the insert has dimensions of the bond gap (junction) that are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Filed on December 6, 2016 In some embodiments, the insert has dimensions of the bond gap (junction) that are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Filed on December 6, 2016 machined to meet the dimensions considered in the filed U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 370,530 It may be.

[0121] In some embodiments, the layer structure may include a fabric composite layer including colored / metal-coated fibers. FIG. 22 shows a layer structure 2200 including a fabric composite layer 2220 having colored / metal fibers according to some embodiments. The layer structure 2200 may include a nonwoven composite layer 2210 (i.e., a nonwoven composite laminate) including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies 2212. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2200 may include a plurality of fabric composite layers 2220 and / or a plurality of nonwoven composite layers 2210. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2200 may include a fabric composite layer 2220. For example, in some embodiments, a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510) may be constituted by a layer structure 2200 that does not include a fabric composite layer 2220. In some embodiments, the nonwoven composite layer 2210 may include one or more “clusters” of elongated strips, e.g., clusters 4624a-4624g of elongated strips 4626 as described in connection with FIGS. 49-52. Although clusters of elongated strips are described in connection with face insert 4510, one or more clusters of elongated strips may be incorporated into the layer structures for crown inserts or sole inserts described herein. Clusters of elongated strips may be utilized to impart desired surface profile and / or surface characteristics to the inserts considered herein. The nonwoven composite layer 2210 may be any suitable number of plies, e.g., two plies, three plies, four plies, five plies, six plies, or seven plies. Although clusters of elongated strips are described in connection with face insert 4510, one or more clusters of elongated strips may be incorporated into the layer structures for crown inserts or sole inserts described herein. Clusters of elongated strips may be utilized to impart desired surface profile and / or surface characteristics to the inserts considered herein. The nonwoven composite layer 2210 may be any suitable number of plies, e.g., two plies, three plies, four plies, five plies, six plies, or seven plies. In some embodiments, the nonwoven composite layer 2210 may include one or more “clusters” of elongated strips, e.g., clusters 4624a-4624g of elongated strips 4626 as described in connection with FIGS. 49-52. It may include a unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212. Figures 24 and Table 1 below provide examples of possible laminations for the unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212. In some embodiments the nonwoven composite layer 2210 may be a single unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212. In such an embodiment, the single ply 2212 may have a thickness of 0.60 mm + / - 0.05 mm .

[0122] In any case, the unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212 of the nonwoven composite layer 2210 includes an innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212i and an outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o. The outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o defines the outer surface 2216 of the nonwoven composite layer 2210. The innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212i defines the inner surface 2214 of the nonwoven composite layer 2210. The inner surface 2214 may be the inner surface of the layer structure 2200. In some embodiments, a scrim layer (e.g., scrim layer 2460) may be disposed on the innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212i and may define the inner surface of the layer structure 2200. As used herein, the term "unidirectional fiber composite ply" refers to a ply having fibers embedded in a matrix material (wherein all of the fibers are oriented in substantially the same direction within the matrix material).

[0123] The nonwoven composite layer 2210 may have a thickness 2218 in the range of 0. 55 mm to 1.0 mm (including sub-ranges) measured from the inner surface 2214 to the outer surface 2216. For example, the thickness 2218 may be 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 m m, 0.80 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.95 mm, or 1.0 mm or​ can be a range having any two of these values as endpoints.

[0124] In some embodiments, one or more of the unidirectional fiber composite plies 2212 may include colored / metallic coated fibers. In some embodiments, at least the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o may include colored / metallic coated fibers. In such embodiments, the colored / metallic coated fibers of at least the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o may help hide any visually perceptible gaps between the colored / metallic coated fibers of the fabric composite layer 2220 of the layer structure 2200. Such gaps can introduce unintended color changes and cause visually unpleasant defects in the visual elements created by the fabric composite layer 2220. Visually perceptible gaps between the colored / metallic coated fibers of the fabric composite layer 2220 are most likely to occur in regions of components that include the layer structure 2200 having a relatively sharp radius of curvature (e.g., a radius of curvature of 5.0 mm or less). For example, the edge 1828 of the recess 1824 of the crown insert 1800 can create a region where visually perceptible gaps between the colored / metallic coated fibers of the composite fabric layer 2220 are likely to form. Visually perceptible gaps can be gaps greater than 0.50 mm. In some embodiments, the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o and the second outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212 (i.e., the fiber composite ply 2212 that is directly adjacent to the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o) may include colored / metallic coated fibers. In some embodiments, all of the unidirectional fiber composite plies 2 in the nonwoven composite layer 2210 can be a range having any two of these values as endpoints. may include colored / metallic coated fibers. For example, the edge 1828 of the recess 1824 of the crown insert 1800 can create a region where visually perceptible gaps between the colored / metallic coated fibers of the composite fabric layer 2220 are likely to form. Visually perceptible gaps can be gaps greater than 0.50 mm. In some embodiments, the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o and the second outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212 (i.e., the fiber composite ply 2212 that is directly adjacent to the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o) may include colored / metallic coated fibers. In some embodiments, all of the unidirectional fiber composite plies 2 in the nonwoven composite layer 2210 can be a range having any two of these values as endpoints. adjacent fiber composite ply 2212) may include colored / metallic coated fibers. In some embodiments, all of the unidirectional fiber composite plies 2 in the nonwoven composite layer 2210 can be a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, all of the unidirectional fiber composite plies 2 in the nonwoven composite layer 2210 212 may include colored / metal-coated fibers.

[0125] The fabric composite layer 2220 may be disposed on the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply 2212o. In some embodiments, the inner surface 2224 of the fabric composite layer 2220 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2216 of the nonwoven composite layer 2210. In some embodiments, the colored / metal-coated fibers of the fabric composite layer 2220 may be embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the matrix material may be light transmissive. In some embodiments, the matrix material may be colorless. In embodiments including fibers having a colored coating (which may or may not be metallic), the color of the colored coating may be red, crimson, maroon, magenta, pink, orange, yellow, gold, chartreuse, green, blue, navy, aqua, teal, celerian, indigo, violet, purple, brown, black, gray, white, beige, silver, topaz, and various shades of these colors, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the color of the fiber coating may be a silver metallic color, such as metallic red, metallic pink, metallic orange, metallic yellow, metallic gold, metallic green, metallic blue, metallic teal, metallic purple, metallic brown, metallic black, metallic gray, metallic white, metallic silver, and various shades of these colors, but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the colored coating may be a shiny colored coating.

[0126] As used herein, "light transmittance" refers to light transmittance in the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. By this definition, we mean an average transmission rate of 70% or more through a strip of material 1.0 mm thick. In this embodiment, the light-transmitting material is a 1.0 mm thick sheet having a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm. Have an average transmittance of 75% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, or 90% or more through the strip of material The average transmittance in the wavelength range of 400nm to 700nm is It is calculated by measuring the transmittance of all wavelengths of m and averaging the measurements.

[0127] The color of the coating or layer is L * a * b * Color value or L * C * CIEL using h color values Although described with respect to the ab color space, other color descriptions may be used. When used with L * is called brightness, and a * and b * is called the chromaticity coordinate, and C * is saturation In the CIELab color space, +a * is red direction, -a is red direction * is green Direction, +b * -b is yellow direction, * L is in the blue direction. * has a value of 1 for a perfect white diffuser 00. The saturation and hue are a * and b * is the polar coordinate associated with the saturation (C * ) is a * =b * =0, and the hue is +a * Counterclockwise from the axis is the measured angle.

[0128] In some embodiments, yellow may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges. L = 80 to 95, a = -20 to 5, and b = 45 to 110. In some embodiments, orange may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges. L = 50 to 90, a = 5 to 65, and b = 40 to 95. In some embodiments, red may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges and may be. L = 35 to 85, a = 25 to 80, and b = 50 to 55. In some embodiments purple may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges. L = 15 to 80, a = 20 to 80, and b = -65 to 0. In some embodiments, blue may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges. L = 10 to 90, a = -55 to 55, and b = -75 to -10. I n some embodiments, green may have L, a, and b values within the following ranges. L = 25 to 90, a = -85 to -15, and b = -15 to 85.

[0129] The fabric composite layer 2220 may have a thickness 2222 in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm (including sub-ranges) measured from the inner surface 2224 to the outer surface 2226 of the fabric composite layer 2220 . For example, the thickness 2222 may be 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0 .08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm , 0.14 mm, or 0.15 mm or any range having any two of these values as endpoints . The fabric composite layer 2220 may include fibers woven in any suitable weave pattern. As used in this specification

[0130] , the term "weave pattern" refers to two or more sets of fibers oriented in different directions that overlap with each other and are woven together (e.g., in an alternating overlapping configuration) with each other. means a weaving pattern having fibers or fiber tows. The weaving pattern includes a regular arrangement of a set of fibers or fiber tows over the pattern. The weaving pattern does not include a significant amount of randomly oriented fibers or fiber tows. In some embodiments, the weaving pattern may have a consistent pattern of overlapping and interwoven fibers or fiber tows over the weaving pattern. In some embodiments, the weaving pattern may include different regions having different weaving pattern types. For example, a first portion of the weaving pattern may have a first weaving pattern type (e.g., plain weave), and a second portion of the weaving pattern may have a second weaving pattern type (e.g., twill weave). Examples of suitable weaving patterns for the composite layer 2220 include, but are not limited to, the following patterns. For example, a plain weave pattern such as the 1×1 plain weave pattern 2700 shown in FIG. 27A or the 1K×3K plain weave pattern 3400 shown in FIG. 34. For example, a twill weave pattern such as the 2×2 twill weave pattern 2800 shown in FIG. 28 or the 4×4 twill weave pattern 3200 shown in FIG. 32. For example, a satin weave pattern or a harness-satin weave pattern such as the 4-harness-satin weave pattern 2900 shown in FIG. 29, the 5-harness-satin weave pattern 3000 shown in FIG. 30, and the 8-harness-satin weave pattern 3100 shown in FIG. 31. For example, a 3-axis weave pattern such as the 3-axis balanced weave pattern 3300 shown in FIG. 33. For example, a jacquard weave pattern such as the A jacquard weave pattern 3500 shown in FIG. 35 or the D jacquard weave pattern 3600 shown in FIG. 36.

[0131] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Well. For example, an aquarium weave pattern such as the aquarium weave pattern 3700 shown in FIG. 37 Weave pattern. For example, a constellation weave pattern such as the constellation weave pattern 3800 shown in FIG. 38 Constellation weave pattern. For example, a galaxy weave pattern such as the galaxy weave pattern 3900 shown in FIG. 39 Galaxy weave pattern. For example, a rock weave pattern such as the rock weave pattern 4000 shown in FIG. 40 Rock weave pattern. For example, an atomic weave pattern such as the atomic weave pattern 4100 shown in FIG. 41 Atomic weave pattern. For example, a honeycomb weave pattern such as the honeycomb weave pattern 4200 shown in FIG. 42 Honeycomb weave pattern. For example, a Roswell weave pattern such as the Roswell weave pattern 4300 shown in FIG. 43 Roswell weave pattern. For example, a labyrinth weave pattern such as the labyrinth weave pattern 4400 shown in FIG. 44 Labyrinth weave pattern. Basket weave pattern. Dobby weave pattern. Pique weave pattern. Momie weave pattern. Twisted weave pattern. Swivel weave pattern. Double weave pattern. Pile weave pattern. Relaxed weave pattern. Tapestry weave pattern. Spread tow weave pattern. Wavy weave pattern. And Oxford weave pattern. Customized weave patterns, for example, weave patterns including two or more of the patterns listed above May also be used. In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer 2220 may be a fabric composite layer including fibers woven in a suitable knitting pattern In some embodiments, the weave pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 or any other fabric composite layer discussed herein Is, when forming a component of a golf club (e.g., a club insert, a sole insert, or a club shaft) including the fabric composite layer The fabric composite layer 2220 may be a fabric composite layer including fibers woven in a suitable knitting pattern

[0132] In some embodiments, the weave pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 or any other fabric composite layer discussed herein Is, when forming a component of a golf club (e.g., a club insert, a sole insert, or a club shaft) including the fabric composite layer The fabric composite layer It may have a minimum weaving density that prevents separation or movement between the fibers and / or fiber tows. Fibers Unnecessary separation or movement between the fibers and / or fiber tows may result in visually unpleasant spots on the components manufactured using the fabric composite layer. For example, when the woven pattern of the fibers / fiber tows for the fabric composite layer is cut from a sheet of fiber / fiber tow-coated colored sheet, due to the separation and / or movement of the fibers / fiber tows, non-colored portions of the fibers / fiber tows may become visible in the colored woven pattern. A sufficiently high weaving density can prevent unnecessary separation and / or movement between the fibers / fiber tows in the woven pattern, thereby helping to prevent the formation of visually unpleasant spots. In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4

[0133] In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 2 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 ) of the woven pattern. For example, the weaving density may be 50 grams per square meter, 100 grams per square meter, 150 grams per square meter, 200 grams per square meter, 220 grams per square meter, 240 grams per square meter, 250 grams per square meter, 260 grams per square meter, 280 grams per square meter, 300 grams per square meter, 320 grams per square meter, 340 grams per square meter, 350 grams per square meter, 360 grams per square meter, 380 grams per square meter, 400 grams per square meter, 4 In some embodiments, the woven pattern of the fabric composite layer 2220 may have a minimum weaving density (also referred to as "fiber areal weight" (FAW)) in the range (including sub-ranges) of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m 50 grams, 500 grams per square meter, 550 grams per square meter, 600 grams per square meter, 650 grams per square meter, or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the weave density can be 240 grams or more per square meter. In some embodiments, the weave density may exceed 650 grams per square meter. The weave density is the weight of the fabric material per unit area of the weave pattern. Note that for a given material, more fabric material per unit area will result in a denser weave pattern and thus a higher weave density.

[0134] In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating material for the fabric composite layer may be present at a density of 0.5 to 4.0 grams per square meter of the weave pattern. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating material may be present at a density of 1. 0 to 4.0 grams per square meter of the weave pattern. In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating material may be present at a density of 1.0 to 3.0 grams per square meter of the weave pattern In some embodiments, the coloring / metal coating material may be present at a density of 1.0 to 2.0 grams per square meter of the weave pattern The thickness of the coloring / metal coating material coated on individual fibers, individual fiber tows, or sheets of fabric fibers may be adapted to achieve the desired density of the colored material. Unless otherwise specified, the density of the weave pattern and the density of the coloring / metal coating material are measured in the absence of the matrix material (e.g., before the fabric material is embedded in the matrix material). ​ In some embodiments, the density of the weave pattern may be measured by measuring the density of the embedded fabric material after embedding the fabric material into the matrix material and factoring out the density of the matrix material.

[0135] In some embodiments, the light transmissive coating 2230 may be disposed on the fabric composite layer 2220. In such embodiments, the outer surface 2236 of the light transmissive coating 2230 may define the smallest part of the outer surface of the golf club head (e.g., the outer surface 90 of the golf club head 10). In such embodiments, the outer surface of the golf club head may be the outermost surface of the golf club head exposed to the environment around the golf club head. In some embodiments, the outer surface 2236 may define the outer surface of the crown or sole insert (e.g., the outer surfaces 1820, 2030, and 2070 of the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 2010, and the second sole insert 2050, respectively). In some embodiments, the inner surface 2234 of the light transmissive coating 2230 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2226 of the fabric composite layer 2220.

[0136] The light transmissive coating 2230 may have a thickness 2232 in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm (including sub-ranges) measured from the inner surface 2234 to the outer surface 2236. For example, the thickness 2232 may be 0.01 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.045 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.055 mm, or 0.06 mm or any two of these values as endpoints. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ can be in the range. In some embodiments, the light transmissive coating 2230 is light transmissive polymer material, such as, but not limited to, polycarbonate or polyurethane and may be composed of. In some embodiments, the light transmissive coating 223 0 may be colorless.

[0137] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2200 can have an overall thickness 2202 in the range of 0.10 mm to 1.20 mm (including partial ranges). For example, the thickness 2202 can be 0.10 m m, 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.4 0 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0 .70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.95 mm .70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.95 mm , 1.0 mm, 1.05 mm, 1.10 mm, 1.15 mm, or 1.20 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, layer 2200 can have an overall thickness 2202 in the range of 0.50 to 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2200 can have an overall thickness 2202 in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.8 mm and can have.

[0138] In some embodiments, the layer structure for the crown insert 1800, the first sole insert 20 10, the second sole insert 2050, and / or the face insert 4510 may include a dye clear layer. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2200 may include a dye clear layer. In such embodiments it may include a clear layer (e.g., dye clear layer 2340). In such embodiments , the dye clear layer helps to improve the color and / or brightness of the metal / colored fibers of the layer structure can be obtained. In some embodiments, at least the outermost unidirectional ply 2212o may be thin and may include colored fibers (e.g., glass fibers or Kevlar® fibers), and the dye clear portion can improve the brightness of the fiber color. In some embodiments , the layer structures discussed herein may include dye clear layers having various degrees of gloss. For example, the layer structures discussed herein may include a relatively glossy dye clear layer disposed over a first portion of the layer structure and a relatively matte dye clear layer disposed over a second portion of the layer structure. The different degrees of gloss for the different dye clear layers can create layer structures having different regions with different visual appearances. For example, the relatively matte dye clear layer can visually darken the color of the underlying colored fibers, while the relatively glossy dye clear layer can visually lighten the color of the underlying colored fibers. In some embodiments, the relatively glossy dye clear layer can be referred to as a glossy dye clear layer, and the relatively matte dye clear layer can be referred to as a matte dye clear layer. These different portions of the dye clear layer may be part of a

[0139] continuous layer or may be separate layers that together define the dye clear layer. FIG. 23 shows a layer structure 2300 including a dye clear layer according to some embodiments. The layer structure 2300 may include a nonwoven composite layer 2310 (i.e., a nonwoven composite laminate) including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies 2312. The nonwoven composite layer 2310 may include any suitable number of unidirectional fiber composite plies 2312, Table 1 provides examples of possible laminates for the unidirectional fiber composite ply 2312. Several In some embodiments, the nonwoven composite layer 2310 may be a single unidirectional fiber composite ply 2312. In such an embodiment, the single ply 2312 may have a thickness of 0.60 mm + / - 0.0 5 mm.

[0140] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may include a plurality of woven composite layers 2320 and / or a plurality of nonwoven composite layers 2310. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may not include a woven composite layer 2320. For example, in some embodiments, a face insert (e.g., face insert 4510) may be configured by a layer structure 2300 that does not include a woven composite layer 2320. In some embodiments, the nonwoven composite layer 2310 may include one or more "clusters" of elongated strips, e.g., clusters 4624a - 4624g of elongated strips 4626 as described with reference to FIGS. 49 - 52. In some embodiments, all or a portion of the unidirectional fiber composite ply 23 12 in the nonwoven composite layer 2310 may include colored / metal coated fibers.

[0141] Similar to the nonwoven composite layer 2210, the nonwoven composite layer 2310 may have a thickness 2318 in the range of 0.55 mm to 1.0 mm (including the sub - ranges), measured from the inner surface 2314 to the outer surface 2316 of the nonwoven composite layer 2310. For example, the thickness 2318 may be in the range having endpoints of 0.55 mm, 0. 60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.95 mm, or 1.0 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. ​

[0142] The fabric composite layer 2320 may be disposed on the outer surface 2316 of the non-woven composite layer 2310. In some embodiments, the inner surface 2324 of the fabric composite layer 2320 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2316 of the non-woven composite layer 2 310. In some embodiments, the fibers of the fabric composite layer 2320 may be embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments the matrix material may be light transmissive. In some embodiments, the matrix material may be colorless. In some embodiments, the fibers of the fabric composite layer 2320 may be colored / metal-coated fibers.

[0143] Similar to the fabric composite layer 2220, the fabric composite layer 2320 may have a thickness 2322 in the range of 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm (including the partial range), measured from the inner surface 2324 to the outer surface 2326 of the fabric composite layer 2320. For example, the thickness 2322 may be 0.05 mm, 0 .06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.11 mm , 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm, or 0.15 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. The fabric composite layer 2320 may include fibers woven in any suitable weaving pattern, including but not limited to the patterns discussed above for the fabric composite layer 22 20. In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer 2320 may be a knitted composite layer including fibers knitted in a suitable knitting pattern. 20. In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may include a coating primer layer 2330 disposed on the fabric composite layer 2320. In some embodiments, the coating primer layer 2

[0144] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may include a coating primer layer 2330 disposed on the fabric composite layer 2320. In some embodiments, the coating primer layer 2 330 may be disposed on the fabric composite layer 2320. The inner surface 2334 of 330 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2326 of the fabric composite layer 2320. In some embodiments, the coating primer layer 2330 may be light transmissive. In some embodiments, the coating primer layer 2330 may be colorless. The coating primer layer 2330 may have a thickness 2332 in the range of 0.003 mm to 0.01 mm (including sub-ranges), measured from the inner surface 2334 to the outer surface 2336 of the coating primer layer 2330. For example, the thickness 2332 may be 0.003 mm, 0.004 mm, 0.005 mm, 0.006 mm, 0.007 mm, 0.008 mm, 0.009 mm, or 0 .01 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints.

[0145] The dye clear layer 2340 may be disposed on the coating primer layer 2330. In some embodiments, the inner surface 2344 of the dye clear layer 2340 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2336 of the coating primer layer 23 30. The dye clear layer 2340 may be a colored transparent polymer layer. Suitable base materials for the dye clear layer 2340 include, but are not limited to, polyurethane.

[0146] The dye clear layer 2340 may be colored by a dye. The color of the dye clear layer 2340 may be red, crimson, maroon, magenta, pink, orange, yellow, gold , chartreuse, green, blue, navy, aqua, teal, celian, indigo , violet, purple, brown, black, gray, white, beige, silver , rubber, top, and various shades of these colors, but is not limited thereto. In ​​In some embodiments, the color of the dye clear layer 2340 is a silver metallic color, such as metallic red, metallic pink, metallic orange, metallic yellow, metallic gold, metallic green, metallic blue, metallic teal, metallic pa rple, metallic brown, metallic black, metallic gray, metallic wha ite, metallic silver, and various shades of these colors, but is not limited to these.

[0147] The dye clear layer 2340 may have a thickness 23 42 in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.10 mm (including partial ranges), measured from the inner surface 2344 to the outer surface 23 46 of the dye clear layer 2340. For example, the thickness 2342 may be 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.03 mm , 0.04 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, or 0.10 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints and may be obtained. In some embodiments, one or more elements may be pad-printed on the inner surface 2 344 and / or the outer surface 2346 of the dye clear layer 2340. Such elements include, but are not limited to, an alignment mechanism, a logo, a brand name, a product name, and an aesthetic pattern.

[0148] In some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may be a light-colored layer. In some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may include a reflective pigment for providing a shiny appearance. The reflective pigment may include nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn ), gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), or other metals, or alloys of one or more of these metals It can be a metal flake made of a metal that is not limited to these, but is not limited thereto.

[0149] In some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may include different colors, shades, and / or portions having different pigments. These different portions of the dye clear layer 2340 may be part of a continuous layer or separate layers that together define the dye clear layer 2340. For example, the dye clear layer 2340 may include a first portion having a first color, pigment, and / or shade, and a second portion having a second color, pigment, and / or shade (or having no color, pigment, and / or shade). Different colors, pigments, and / or shades for different portions of the dye clear layer 2340 can create a layer structure 2300 having different regions with different visual appearances. For example, in some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may include a first portion containing a colored dye and a second portion not containing the colored dye. In such embodiments, the colored dye can visually darken the color of the underlying colored fibers, while the non-dyed portion of the dye clear layer 2340 can leave the appearance of the underlying colored fibers substantially unchanged. As another example, in some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may include a first portion containing a first colored dye and a second portion containing a second colored dye different from the first , may have the same degree of gloss. In some embodiments, portions of the dye clear layer 2340 having different colors, shades, and / or pigments may have different degrees of gloss. . For example, in some embodiments, the dye clear layer 2340 may have a first glossy portion containing a first coloring dye and a second matte portion containing a second coloring dye.

[0150] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may include a light transmissive coating 2350 disposed over the dye clear layer 2340. In such embodiments, the outer surface 2356 of the light transmissive coating 2350 may define the smallest portion of the outer surface of the golf club head (e.g., the outer surface 90 of the golf club head 10). In such embodiments, the outer surface of the golf club head may be the outermost surface of the golf club head exposed to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the outer surface 2 356 may define the outer surface of a crown or sole insert (e.g., the outer surfaces 1820, 2030, and 2070 of the crown insert 18 00, the first sole insert 2010, and the second sole insert 2050, respectively). In some embodiments , the inner surface 2354 of the light transmissive coating 2350 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2346 of the dye clear layer 2340. The light transmissive coating 2350 may have a thickness 2352 in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.06 mm (including sub - ranges) measured from the inner surface 2354 to the outer surface 2356 of the light transmissive coating 2350. For example, the thickness 2352 may be 0.01 mm, 0.015

[0151] mm, 0.02 mm, 0.025 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.035 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.045 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.055 mm, or 0.06 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the light transmissive coating 2350 may be colorless.

[0152] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may include a dye clear layer 2360 disposed on the nonwoven composite layer 2310 between the nonwoven composite layer 2310 and the fabric composite layer 2320. In some embodiments, the inner surface 2364 of the dye clear layer 2360 may be in direct contact with the outer surface 2316 of the nonwoven composite layer 2310. In some embodiments, the outer surface 2366 of the dye clear layer 2360 may be in direct contact with the inner surface 2324 of the fabric composite layer 2320. In embodiments including the dye clear layer 2360, the dye clear layer 2360 may serve to hide any visually perceptible gaps between the fibers of the fabric composite layer 2320.

[0153] The dye clear layer 2360 may have a thickness 2362 in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.10 mm (including sub - ranges) measured from the inner surface 2364 to the outer surface 2366. For example, the thickness 2362 may be 0.01 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.03 mm, 0.04 mm, 0.0 5 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, or 0.10 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. The dye clear layer 2360 may be composed of the same (plural) materials and (plural) dyes as the dye clear layer 2340.

[0154] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2300 may have an overall thickness 2302 in the range of 0.10 mm to 1.40 mm (including the partial range). For example, the thickness 2302 may be 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.40 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.55 mm, 0.60 mm, 0.65 mm, 0.70 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.80 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.90 mm, 0.95 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.05 mm, 1.10 mm, 1.15 mm, 1.20 mm, 1.25 mm, 1.30 mm, 1.35 mm, or 1.40 mm or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the golf club shaft may include an outer surface (the outer surface 103 of the club shaft 102) that is at least partially defined by a material including the layer structure 2200 or the layer structure 2300. In some embodiments, the outer surface of the golf club shaft may be the outermost surface of the golf club shaft that is exposed to the environment surrounding the golf club shaft. FIG. 24 shows an exploded view of a layer structure 2400 according to some embodiments. The layer structure 2400 may include a fabric composite layer 2410 including woven fibers 2412 embedded in a matrix material 2414. The fibers 2412 may be woven in any suitable weaving pattern including, but not limited to, the patterns discussed above for the fabric composite layer 2220. In some embodiments, the material of the matrix 2414 may be light transmissive. In some embodiments, the material of the matrix 2414 may be colorless.

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​ The layer structure 2400 also includes four unidirectional fiber composite plies 2420, 2430, 2440 , and 2450. The unidirectional fiber composite plies 2420, 2430, 2440, and 2 450 may include fibers oriented in a desired direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 24 , the first unidirectional fiber composite ply 2450 may be embedded in the matrix material 2454 and include fibers 2452 oriented at an angle of 0 degrees, and the second unidirectional fiber composite ply 2 440 may be embedded in the matrix material 2444 and include fibers 244 2 oriented at an angle of 90 degrees. The third unidirectional fiber composite ply 2430 may be embedded in the matrix material 2434 and include fibers 2432 oriented at an angle of +45 degrees. The fourth unidirectional fiber composite ply 2420 may be embedded in the matrix material 2424 and include fibers 2422 oriented at an angle of -45 degrees .

[0158] The order of the plies 2420, 2430, 2440, and 2450, the orientation of the fibers within these plies , and the materials of the matrices 2424, 2434, 2444, and 2454 may be adapted to provide the desired structural properties (e.g., modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and shear modulus values) to the layer structure 2400 . In some embodiments, the materials of the matrices 2424, 24 34, 2444, and 2454 may be light transmissive. In some embodiments , the materials of the matrices 2424, 2434, 2444, and 2454 may be colorless .

[0159] In some embodiments, the layer structure 2400 may include a scrim layer 2460. In some embodiments, the scrim layer 2460 has continuous fiber chains and is 90 degrees to each other It can be the structural form of the glass fiber reinforcing material lying horizontally in two directions. Scrim layer 246 The glass fibers of 0 may be embedded in the matrix material. The scrim layer 2460 is for the layer structure 2400 to provide protection during blasting to improve the roughness for structural reinforcement or bonding strength. It can be provided.

[0160] Figures 25 and 26 show coating fibers 2500 according to some embodiments. The coating fibers 2500 can be colored / metal coating fibers including a fiber core 2510 and a coating layer 2520 coated on the fiber core 2510. The coating layer 2520 may be coated around the fiber core 2510, for example, around the entire outer surface of the fiber core 2510. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a non-metal fiber core, such as a Kevlar® (aramid fiber) core. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a carbon fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a glass fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a polymer-based fiber (e.g., aramid fibers such as Kevlar® fibers, or polyester fibers such as Mylar® fibers). In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. The fiber core 2510 may have a diameter 2512 in the range of 5 micrometers to 15 micrometers. It is coated on the fiber core 2510 and the coating layer 2520. It can be a colored / metal coating fiber including a fiber core 2510 and a coating layer 2520 coated on the fiber core 2510. The coating layer 2520 may be coated around the fiber core 2510, for example, around the entire outer surface of the fiber core 2510. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a non-metal fiber core, such as a Kevlar® (aramid fiber) core. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a carbon fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a glass fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a polymer-based fiber (e.g., aramid fibers such as Kevlar® fibers, or polyester fibers such as Mylar® fibers). In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. The fiber core 2510 may have a diameter 2512 in the range of 5 micrometers to 15 micrometers. The coating layer 2520 may be coated around the fiber core 2510, for example, around the entire outer surface of the fiber core 2510. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a non-metal fiber core, such as a Kevlar® (aramid fiber) core. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a carbon fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a glass fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a polymer-based fiber (e.g., aramid fibers such as Kevlar® fibers, or polyester fibers such as Mylar® fibers). In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. In some embodiments, the fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. The fiber core 2510 may be a metal core made of a metal material such as steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, copper, chromium, zinc, gold, silver, cobalt, magnesium, platinum, palladium, iron, tin, tungsten, etc. or an alloy of one or more of these materials, but not limited to these. The fiber core 2510 may have a diameter 2512 in the range of 5 micrometers to 15 micrometers. In that embodiment, the diameter 2512 can be in the range of 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers. It can be.

[0161] In some embodiments, the coating layer 2520 may be a metal coating layer. Suitable metal materials for the coating layer 2520 include nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), gold (Au), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), magnesium (Mg), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), iron (Fe ), titanium (Ti), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), and alloys containing one or more of these materials, but are not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the coating layer 2520 may be a polymer coating layer. In some embodiments, the coating layer 2520 may be a colored coating layer. In such embodiments, the colored coating layer 2520 may have a different color from the fiber core 2510.

[0162] In some embodiments, the coating layer 2520 may have a thickness 2522 corresponding to 1% to 5% of the diameter of the fiber core to be coated. In some embodiments, the thickness 2522 of the coating layer 2520 may correspond to 1% to 3 % of the diameter of the fiber core to be coated. In some embodiments, the thickness 2522 of the coating layer 2520 may correspond to 0.2% to 3% of the diameter of the fiber core to be coated. In some embodiments the thickness 2522 of the coating layer 2520 may correspond to 0.2% to 1% of the diameter of the fiber core to be coated. In some embodiments, the thickness 2522 is 0.0.02 In some embodiments, the thickness 2522 of the coating layer 2520 may be In some embodiments, the thickness 2522 may be 0.0.02 It can be in the range of micrometers to 1.0 micrometers (including subranges). For example, thickness 2522 is 0.02 micrometers, 0.03 micrometers, 0.04 Micrometer, 0.05 micrometer, 0.06 micrometer, 0.07 micrometer micrometer, 0.08 micrometer, 0.09 micrometer, 0.10 micrometer Chromium, 0.20 Micrometer, 0.30 Micrometer, 0.40 Micrometer 0.050 micrometer, 0.060 micrometer, 0.070 micrometer Meter, 0.80 micrometer, 0.90 micrometer, or 1.0 micrometer These thicknesses may be in chromium or a range including any two of these values ​​as endpoints. The coating may also be applied to the surface of the woven fiber sheet by coating around the fiber tows or coating layer. For example, the colored / metallic coating shown in FIG. 27B may be applied to the The thickness 2722 of the coating 2720 may be within the values ​​or ranges set forth above for thickness 2522. has a value equal to or within any of the above-mentioned ranges of values ​​or ranges. possible.

[0163] FIG. 27B shows a coating 2700 applied on top of a plain weave pattern 2700. 20 is shown, the coating 2720 may alternatively or additionally be a plain weave pattern. The plain weave pattern 2700 of FIG. 27A may be coated on its underside. 0 is used to illustrate a coating disposed on the surface of a woven pattern. However, the coating may be any weave pattern, such as the weave patterns discussed herein. may be disposed in a similar manner on the surface of

[0164] In some embodiments, the coating fiber 2500 may include a sized layer 2530 coated on the coating layer 2520. The sized layer 2530 may be configured to facilitate adhesion between the coating fiber 2500 and the matrix material in which the coating fiber 2500 is embedded. The sized layer 2530 may also be useful in hiding any visual defects (e.g., holes) in the coating layer 2520. The sized layer 2530 may include one or more polymer components, coupling agents, lubricants, and a range of additives (surfactants, plasticizers, antistatic agents, adhesion promoters, defoamers, rheology modifiers). This mixture is typically applied to the fibers in a somewhat diluted aqueous form containing 5% to 15% solids. Suitable polymer materials for the sized layer 2530 include, but are not limited to, epoxy, polyurethane, polyamide, poly(hydroxyether) / phenoxy (trademark) from Gabriel Performance Products, and K-90 poly(vinylpyrrolidone).

[0165] In some embodiments, the sized layer 2530 may have a thickness 2532 corresponding to 1% to 1.5% of the diameter of the fiber core to be coated. In some embodiments, the thickness 2532 of the sized layer may range from 0.10 micrometers to 0.50 micrometers. Assuming the fiber surface is uniformly coated, the thickness of the sized layer can be calculated using the following equation.

Equation

[0166] When weaving a fiber, for example, the coating fiber 2500, the fiber may be arranged in a tow ( for example, a 1K or 3K tow), and the tow may be woven in the weave pattern discussed herein. The fiber tow may include, but is not limited to, an alignment mechanism, a logo, a brand name, a product name, and a desired visual feature of the golf club, such as an aesthetic pattern. In some embodiments, a tow composed of colored coating fibers having different colors may be utilized to generate a desired visual feature. In some embodiments, a tow of non - coating fibers and a tow of colored coating fibers may be utilized to generate a desired visual feature.

[0167] In some embodiments, as described above, the metal fibers of the fabric composite layer (e.g., fabric composite layers 222 0 and 2320) may affect the acoustic properties of the fabric composite layer and, consequently, the acoustic properties of components of a golf club, such as a golf club head. In such embodiments, the metal fibers may be metal fiber tows. The metal fiber tow may be a tow composed entirely of metal fibers or a tow composed partially of metal fibers. In some embodiments, the metal fibers may include a non - metallic core coated with a metal material. In such embodiments, the thickness of the metal coating on the core fiber may be such that the fabric composite layer has a desired acoustic property. has a desired acoustic property. It may affect the following acoustic properties. Generally, the greater the thickness of the metal coating, the more similar the attenuation ratio of the fabric composite layer will be to that of the metal material. Therefore, a coated non-metallic fiber having a sufficiently thick (which may be colored) metal coating layer may affect the acoustic properties of the fabric composite layer. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be individual metal fibers. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be metal tapes. In some embodiments, the metal fibers can be metal tapes wound around a core fiber (filament). As used herein, "metal tape" means a metal material having a length substantially greater than its width and a cross-sectional area perpendicular to that length having a width at least 1.5 times greater than its height. In some embodiments, the metal tape can be a tape coated with a (which may be colored) metal coating.

[0168] In some embodiments, the control of the thickness of the metal coating is normalized to carbon steel, stainless steel ( for example, 17-4PH stainless steel), alloy steel, nickel-based alloy iron, cast iron, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, and tungsten alloy, and is in the range of 2 to 10, 2 to 20, 2 to 50, 2 to 100, 2 to 200, 3 to 10, 3 to 20, 3 to 5 0, 3 to 100, 3 to 200, 10 to 20, 10 to 50, 10 to 100, or 10 to 20 0 and may be selected to achieve an attenuation ratio in this range.

[0169] In some embodiments, the thickness of the metal coating layer utilized to affect the acoustic properties of the fabric composite layer is in the range of 1.0 micrometer to 10 micrometers (partial range ​ may be in (including the enclosure). For example, the thickness of such a metal coating layer may be 1.0 micrometer, 2.0 micrometers, 3.0 micrometers, 4.0 micrometers, 5.0 micrometers, 6.0 micrometers, 7.0 micrometers, 8.0 micrometers, 9.0 micrometers, or 10 micrometers or a range including any two of these values as endpoints. 0 micrometers, 9.0 micrometers, or 10 micrometers or a range including any two of these values as endpoints. 0 micrometers, 9.0 micrometers, or 10 micrometers or a range including any two of these values as endpoints. 0 micrometers, 9.0 micrometers, or 10 micrometers or a range including any two of these values as endpoints.

[0170] In some embodiments, tows that are wholly or partly composed of metal fibers can be used to affect the acoustic properties of the fabric composite layer. In some embodiments, these tows may be interwoven with the tows of the base fibers of the fabric composite layer. In some embodiments, the tows of the base fibers may be tows of non-metal fibers. In some embodiments, the tows of the base fibers may be fiber tows including a non-metal core coated with a (optionally colored or uncolored) metal coating layer. As a non-limiting example, the fabric composite layer may include colored-coated carbon fibers and metal fibers interwoven with the colored-coated carbon fibers. may include colored-coated carbon fibers and metal fibers interwoven with the colored-coated carbon fibers. may include colored-coated carbon fibers and metal fibers interwoven with the colored-coated carbon fibers. may include colored-coated carbon fibers and metal fibers interwoven with the colored-coated carbon fibers.

[0171] FIG. 27A illustrates a plain weave pattern 2700 including metal fiber tows 2710 interwoven with base fiber tows 2712 according to some embodiments. The metal fiber tows 2710 are tows that are wholly or partly composed of metal fibers. For example, the metal fiber tows 2710 may be 1K or 3K fiber tows that are wholly or partly composed of metal fibers. The base fiber tows 2712 are tows composed of base fibers. For example, the base fiber tows 271 are tows composed of base fibers. For example, the base fiber tows 271 2 can be a 1K or 3K fiber tow composed of base fibers. In some embodiments the metal fiber tow 2710 interwoven with the base fiber tow 2712 can be a fiber tow entirely composed of fibers made of one or more metal materials. In some embodiments the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 can be non-colored metal fibers. In some embodiments the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 may include a non-metal fiber core coated within a metal material. In some embodiments, the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 may include a metal fiber core coated with a metal material. In some embodiments the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 may include a metal fiber core coated with a non-metal coating, such as a polymer coating.

[0172] In embodiments including the interwoven metal fiber tow 2710, the metal fiber tow 2710 may be present in a weight percentage in the range of 5 wt% to 95 wt% (including sub-ranges) of the total weight of the fibers in the fabric fiber composite layer. For example, the metal fiber tow 2710 may be 5 wt%, 10 wt% , 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, 45 wt% , 50 wt%, 55 wt%, 60 wt%, 65 wt%, 70 wt%, 75 wt%, 80 wt% , 85 wt%, 90 wt%, or 95 wt% or in a weight percentage in a range having any two of these values as end points. The wt% of the metal fiber tow 2710 can be selected to achieve a desired attenuation ratio and acoustic properties for the fabric composite layer. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the metal fiber tow is above 2500 Hz, above 3000 Hz, or above 330 Hz. In some embodiments It can be utilized to increase the acoustic frequency of the golf club head by impact so as to have a natural frequency exceeding 0 Hz. Generally, the greater the weight percentage of the metal fiber tow, the attenuation ratio of the fabric composite layer will be similar to that of the metal material.

[0173] In some embodiments, the diameter of the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 can be in the range of 5 micrometers to 15 micrometers. In some embodiments, the diameter of the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 can be in the range of 5 micrometers to 10 micrometers. The diameter of the metal fibers of the metal fiber tow 2710 can be selected to achieve a desired attenuation ratio and acoustic characteristics for the fabric composite layer. In some embodiments, the diameter and / or the material(s) of the metal fibers are such that they can be utilized to increase the acoustic frequency of the golf club head by impact so as to have a natural frequency exceeding 2500 Hz, exceeding 3000 Hz, or exceeding 3300 Hz.

[0174] The plain weave pattern 2700 of FIG. 27A is used to illustrate the incorporation of the metal fiber tow into the weave pattern of the metal fibers, but the metal fiber tow can be incorporated into any weave pattern, for example, into the weave patterns considered in this specification in a similar manner as considered for the weave pattern 2700.

[0175] In some embodiments, the fabric composite layer (e.g., layer 2220 or 2320) can be a partially colored fabric composite layer. In such embodiments, one or more portions of the fabric composite layer can be defined by a colored weave pattern, and one or more portions of the fabric composite layer can be defined by a non-colored weave pattern. For the purposes of this description, the colored weave pattern is at least​​​​​​ A woven pattern including at least one set of colored woven fabric fibers / fiber tows. The colored woven pattern does not need to include 100% colored fibers / fiber tows. For example, the colored woven pattern may include a set of colored fibers / fiber tows interwoven with a set of non-colored fibers / fiber tows. For example, the vertically oriented fiber tows 2710 in FIG. 27A may be non-colored, the horizontally oriented fiber tows 2710 in FIG. 27A may be colored, or vice versa.

[0176] FIGS. 53 and 54A - 54D show a crown insert 5310 having a fabric composite layer 5311 with a colored portion 5320 defining a part of the upper surface 5312 of the fabric composite layer 5311 and a non-colored portion 5330 defining a part of the upper surface 5312 of the fabric composite layer 5311. For illustrative purposes, FIGS. 54A - 54D show only the fabric composite layer 5311 of the crown insert 5310 in cross-section. However, the crown insert 5310 may include other layers as described herein. Further, FIGS. 53 and 54A - 54D show a crown insert having colored and non-colored portions. Other golf club components (e.g., sole inserts and face inserts) contemplated herein may include the colored and non-colored portions described with reference to FIGS. 53 and 54A - 54D.

[0177] The colored portion 5320 is illustrated as a rectangular strip in FIG. 53. However, the colored portion 5320 may have any desired shape and size. Further, FIG. 53 shows a single colored portion 5320, but the fabric composite layer 5311 may have any suitable number of colored portions. It may include the colored portion 5320. In some embodiments, the (plural) colored portions 5320 are 5% or more, 10% or more, 20% or more, 30% or more of the upper surface 5312 of the fabric composite layer 5311, 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more. In some embodiments, the (plural) colored portions 532 0 is 50% or less of the upper surface 5312 of the fabric composite layer 5311, for example, of the fabric composite layer 5311 upper surface 5312 of 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% or any two of these values may be defined in a range having as endpoints. In some embodiments, ([[]]END]] plural) colored portions 5320 may define at least a part of the periphery of the crown insert 5310 on the upper surface 5312. In some embodiments, the weave pattern of the colored portion 5320 and the weave pattern of the non-colored portion 5330 may be the same. In some embodiments are, the weave pattern of the colored portion 5320 and the weave pattern of the non-colored portion 5330 may be different (for example , in one or more of weave type, weave density, weave material, etc.). In some embodiments, the colored portion 5320 may be directly interwoven with the non-colored portion 5330.

[0178] In such embodiments, the fabric composite layer 5311 is woven using colored fibers / fiber tows to form the colored portion 5320 and non-colored fibers / fiber tows to form the non-colored portion 5330. In such embodiments, the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5 330 define a single fabric composite layer having no defined edge between the portion 5320 and the portion 5330. FIG. 54A shows a colored portion 532 directly interwoven with the non-colored portion 5330 ​​​Cross-sectional view of the fabric composite layer 5311 having 0. In some embodiments, the upper surfaces 5312 and 5314 may be smooth and seamless surfaces defined by the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330 in FIG. 54A and be.

[0179] In some embodiments, the colored portion 5320 may be a separate fabric layer bonded to one or more non-colored fabric layers defining the non-colored portion 5330. In such embodiments, the fabric composite layer 5311 may be manufactured by laminating a prepreg colored fabric layer and a prepreg non-colored fabric layer and bonding the prep leg layers together. and be.

[0180] In some embodiments, the prepreg colored layer is laminated adjacent to one or more non-colored fabric layers. FIG. 54B shows a cross-sectional view of the fabric composite layer 5311 including a colored fabric layer defining the colored portion 5320 disposed adjacent to the non-colored fabric layer defining the non-colored portion 5330 and be. In such embodiments, the edge 5322 of the colored portion 5320 may be bonded to the edge portion 5332 of the non-colored portion 5330. In some embodiments, the upper surfaces 5312 and 5314 and be. may be smooth surfaces defined by the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330 in FIG. 54B and be.

[0181] FIG. 54C shows a cross-sectional view of the fabric composite layer 5311 including a colored fabric layer defining the colored portion 5320 disposed on top of the non-colored fabric layer defining the non-colored portion 5330. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 54C, the edge 5322 of the colored portion 5320 may be pushed into the non colored portion 5330 during the bonding of the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330 (e.g., during a molding / forming process). In such embodiments, the upper surface 5312 is and be. and be. It may be a smooth surface defined by the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330. Also, the lower surface 5314 may have a protrusion at a position corresponding to the colored portion 5320. In some embodiments, the colored portion 5320 defines a protrusion on the upper surface 5312, and the lower surface 5314 may be located above the non-colored portion 5330 so that it can be smooth (i.e., opposite to FIG. 54C). In the embodiment of FIG. 54C, the molding cavity used to mold the crown insert 5310 may include a recess corresponding to the protrusion on the lower surface 5314 or the upper surface 5312 to form opposing smooth surfaces.

[0182] FIG. 54D shows a cross-sectional view of the fabric composite layer 5311 including a colored fabric layer defining a colored portion 5320 disposed on the upper part of the non-colored fabric layer defining the non-colored portion 5330 and overlapping the non-colored fabric layer. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 54D, the edge portion 5322 of the colored portion 5320 may be pushed into the non-colored portion 5330 during the bonding of the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330 (e.g., during the molding / shaping process). In such an embodiment, the upper surface 5312 may be a smooth surface defined by the colored portion 5320 and the non-colored portion 5330. Also, the lower surface 5314 may include a protrusion defined by the edge portion 5332 of the non-woven portion 5330. In the embodiment of FIG. 54D, the molding cavity used to mold the crown insert 5310 may include a surface corresponding to the shape of the lower surface 5314 of FIG. 54D to form a smooth upper surface 5312. In such an embodiment, the upper surface 5 312 may take the shape of the molding cavity in contact with the upper surface 5312. Also, the molding By removing the lower surface of the mold type, unnecessary protrusion of the resin can be prevented, thereby preventing the formed insert from drying at a position where it overlaps between the colored portion and the non-colored portion can be stopped. That is, such a mold cavity can maintain an equal pressure across the insert during molding, thereby easily making consistent / desired the ratio of resin and fiber across the formed insert.

[0183] In some embodiments, the golf club head described herein may include one or more adjustable loft angle, lie angle, or face angle systems that can be adjusted in combination with each other or independently of each other. For example, a portion of the hosel insert 22 and the golf club shaft (e.g., club shaft 102) collectively define the hosel axis 91 of the assembled golf club (see, e.g., FIG. 2). A portion of the hosel insert 22 is effective for supporting the club shaft along the longitudinal axis of the assembly, and the same longitudinal axis is offset from the hosel axis 91 by an offset angle. The hosel insert 22 can provide a single offset angle that can be from 0 degrees to 4 degrees in increments of 0.25 degrees. For example, the offset angle can be 1.0 degree, 1.25 degrees, 1.5 degrees, 1.7 5 degrees, 2.0 degrees, 2.25 degrees, 2.5 degrees, 2.75 degrees, or 3.0 degrees. In some embodiments, the hosel insert 22 can be removably coupled to the hosel portion 20 and / or the club shaft 102. In some embodiments, the hosel insert 22 can be removably coupled to the hosel portion 20 and / or the club shaft 102. In some embodiments, the hosel insert 22 can be removably coupled to the hosel portion 20 and / or the club shaft 102. In some embodiments, the hosel insert 22 can be removably coupled to the hosel portion 20 and / or the club shaft 102. In some embodiments, the hosel insert The hosel 22 may be arranged to adjust the loft angle, lie angle, or face angle of the golf club head 10. In some embodiments, the hosel insert 22 may be configured to allow adjustment of at least one of the loft angle, lie angle, or face angle as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,303,431, issued November 6, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments, the golf club head 10 may include a rear weight track 30 (or a rear and front weight track 30) located in the sole portion 17 of the body 11 of the golf club head 10. The rear weight track 30 defines a track on which a weight 32 (or a weight assembly 32) is slidably mounted. In some implementations, the weight 32 is slidably mounted on the rear weight track 30 by fastening means, such as screws 34. In some implementations, the weight 32 has a multi-piece design. For example, the weight 32 may have first and second weight components 32a, 32b that are joined together to form the weight 32. In some implementations, the weight 32 may be fixed to the rear weight track 30 by clamping a part of the track, such as at least one ledge, so that the fastening means is under tension, i.e., placed in a tension system. Additionally or alternatively, the weight 32 may be fixed to the rear weight track 30 by compressing it against a part of the track so that the fastening means is under compression, i.e., placed in a compression system. However, the weight 32 may be, for example, a single piece. This patent is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. It is described in U.S. Patent No. 8,303,431. It can be configured to enable adjustment of at least one of them.

[0184] In some embodiments, the golf club head 10 is the body of the golf club head 10. The rear weight track 30 (or the rear weight track 30 or the front and rear weight track 30) located in the sole portion 17 may be included. The rear weight track 30 is A track on which the weight 32 (or the weight assembly 32) is slidably mounted is defined. In some implementations, the weight 32 is slidably mounted on the rear weight track 30 by fastening means, such as For example, by screws 34. In some implementations, the weight 32 has a multi-piece design. For example, the weight 32 may Have first and second weight components 32a, 32b that are joined together to form the weight 32. In some implementations, the weight 32 is such that the fastening means is under tension, i.e., placed in a tension system. That is, by clamping at least one ledge, a part of the track, the weight 32 can be fixed to the rear weight track 30. The rear weight track 30. Under compression, i.e., placed in a compression system. By compressing it against a part of the track, the weight 32 can be fixed to the rear weight track 30. It can take forms other than illustration such as design, and the rear weight can be adjusted in a way other than that shown in the illustration. It can be movably mounted on the track 30. By the rear weight track 30, the weight 32 can be selectively loosened and tightened for adjustment to slide forward and backward along the weight track, and the effective center of gravity (CG) of the golf club head 10 in the front - rear direction can be adjusted. By adjusting the CG of the golf club head 10 forward or backward, the performance characteristics of the golf club head 10 are adjusted. By this adjustment, the flight characteristics of the golf ball hit by the golf club head 10, for example, the adjustment for the top - spin and back - spin characteristics of the golf ball is promoted.

[0185] As will be discussed in more detail below, the rear weight track 30 provides additional adjustability to the user. By moving the weight closer to the hitting face, a lower and more forward CG can be achieved, resulting in a lower - spin ball. Thus, the user generally thinks that higher - loft clubs are "easier" to hit and it is also possible to increase the loft of the club head. By moving the weight backward toward the rear of the club, the moment of inertia (MOI) is increased, allowing for a higher - spin ball. Clubs with a higher MOI are generally thought to be "easier" to hit. Therefore, the rear weight track 30 enables at least both spin and MOI adjustment. As shown, the rear weight track 30 has various along the rear weight track 30.

[0186] at a location, for example, either forward or backward, may include at least one weight assembly Two or more weights may be used at any one of various locations , and / or there may be a plurality of weight ports strategically disposed on the club head body For example, the golf club head 10 may include a toe weight port and a heel weight port Thereafter, the user can move more weight to either the toe or the heel to promote either a draw or a fade bias It is considered possible In addition, by dividing any weight between the forward position and the rearward position, a club with a higher MOI can be obtained, while moving all the weights to the front portion of the club results in a golf club with a low forward CG. Therefore, the user can choose between a "forgiving" club with a higher MOI or a club that produces a lower spin ball It is considered possible

[0187] For example, referring to FIG. 3, the frame 24 of the body 11 may include a forward or side weight track 36 (or a forward or side channel 36) integrally formed with the frame 24 along the sole portion 17 of the body 11 in the forward region 12 The side weight track 36 extends generally parallel to the face portion 42 of the golf club head 10 , but is offset from the face portion 42 and is generally perpendicular to the weight track 30 The side weight track 36 defines a track or port on which at least one weight can be slidably mounted In one example, as shown in FIG. 2, the weight is a first weight 38 (or weight assembly 38) having two pieces 38a, 38b ​​​​ , a second weight 39 (or weight assembly 39) having two pieces 39a, 39b. 9). The first and second weights 38, 39 each include a fastening means, e.g. The weights are fastened to the side weight tracks 36 by screws 40a, 40b. In the embodiment, the first and second weights 38, 39 are attached to the rear weight truck 30 by fastening means. A portion of this track, e.g., a small The ridges may be secured by clamping at least one of the ridges. The first and second weights 38, 39 are attached to the rear weight track 30 by fastening means under pressure. That is, pressure is applied to a portion of this track so that it is a pressure system. The first and second weights 38, 39 may have other shapes than those shown. It can be mounted in other ways and can be a single piece design or multiple It can have a piecewise design (e.g., three or more pieces).

[0188] According to another example, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, one weight 41 (or Only the weight assembly 41) may be slidably mounted in the lateral weight track 36. Weight 41 may have only one weight component, or two weight components (e.g. , two stacked weight components 41a, 41b) fastened together by screws 40c, may include more than two weight components.

[0189] The lateral weight tracks 36 allow one or more weights to be positioned in the heel-toe direction. To adjust the effective CG of the club head 10, the It can be selectively loosened and tightened for movable adjustment, towards the golf club head By adjusting the CG of the golf club head 10 laterally, the performance of the golf club head 10 characteristics are adjusted. By this adjustment, the flight characteristics of the golf ball hit by the golf club head 10 are promoted, for example, the adjustment to the side spin characteristics of the golf ball. In particular , by using two weights (for example, the first and second weights 38, 3 9) that can be adjusted independently of each other, adjustment and interaction between the weights are made possible. For example, both weights are completely in the toe region 14, completely in the heel region 16, at the greatest distance from each other, with one weight completely in the toe region 14 and the other weight completely in the heel region 16, and both can be located at the center or middle position of the lateral weight track 36 or in other weight position patterns . Additionally or alternatively, the first and second weights 38, 39 can be fixed to the rear weight track 30 such that there are two or more weights located on the rear weight track 30. Additionally or alternatively, the first and second weights 38, 39 can each be compatible with the weight 32.

[0190] In some embodiments, the lateral weight track or the front channel 36 is from the face portion 42, about 5 mm to about 50 mm, for example, about 5 mm to about 35 mm, for example, about 5 mm to about 30 mm, for example, about 5 mm to about 20 mm, or for example, about 5 mm to about 15 mm of front channel offset distance (the distance is the shortest distance between the first vertical plane passing through the center of the hitting surface 43 of the face portion 42 and the front channel 36 at the same x-axis coordinate as the center of the hitting surface 43 ), and is offset thereby. Similarly, the rear track 30 is from the face portion 42 ​ by a rear track offset distance of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 40 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 30 mm, or for example, from about 10 mm to about 30 mm (the distance is the shortest distance between the first vertical plane passing through the center of the batter surface 43 and the rear track 30 at the same x-axis coordinate as the center of the batter surface 43). Offset is achieved by a rear track offset distance of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 40 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 30

[0191] In certain embodiments, both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30 have a specific channel / track width. The channel / track width can be measured as the horizontal distance between the first channel wall and the second channel wall. For both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30, these widths can be from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, for example, from about 10 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 12 mm to about 16 mm. According to some embodiments, the depth of the channel or track (i.e., the vertical distance between the bottom channel wall and the virtual surface including the areas of the sole adjacent to the front and rear edges of the channel) can be from about 6 mm to about 20 mm, for example, from about 8 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 10 mm to about 16 mm. In addition, both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30 have a specific channel / track length. The channel / track length can be measured as the horizontal distance between the third channel wall and the fourth channel wall. For both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30, their lengths can be from about 30 mm to about 120 mm, for example, from about 50 mm to about 100 mm, or for example, from about 60 mm to about 90 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the length of the front channel 36 may be expressed as a ratio of the batter length. For example, the front channel 36 is the batter length by a rear track offset distance of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 40 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 30 mm, or for example, from about 10 mm to about 30 mm (the distance is the shortest distance between the first vertical plane passing through the center of the batter surface 43 and the rear track 30 at the same x-axis coordinate as the center of the batter surface 43). Offset is achieved

[0192] In certain embodiments, both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30 have a specific channel / track width. The channel / track width can be measured as the horizontal distance between the first channel wall and the second channel wall. For both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30, these widths can be from about 5 mm to about 20 mm, for example, from about 10 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 12 mm to about 16 mm. According to some embodiments, the depth of the channel or track (i.e., the vertical distance between the bottom channel wall and the virtual surface including the areas of the sole adjacent to the front and rear edges of the channel) can be from about 6 mm to about 20 mm, for example, from about 8 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 10 mm to about 16 mm. In addition, both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30 have a specific channel / track length. The channel / track length can be measured as the horizontal distance between the third channel wall and the fourth channel wall. For both the front channel 36 and the rear track 30, their lengths can be from about 30 mm to about 120 mm, for example, from about 50 mm to about 100 mm, or for example, from about 60 mm to about 90 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the length of the front channel 36 may be expressed as a ratio of the batter length. For example, the front channel 36 is the batter length by a rear track offset distance of from about 5 mm to about 50 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 40 mm, for example, from about 5 mm to about 30 about 30% to about 100% of the hitting surface length, for example, about 50% to about 90% of the hitting surface length, or for example, about 60% to about It may be about 80%.

[0193] In some examples, the front channel 36 may hold a sliding weight or The COR may be improved and / or enhanced across the face. With respect to the OR mechanism, the channels may be of various shapes, as will be described in more detail below. The state may be, for example, a channel or a through slot.

[0194] Each of the golf club heads disclosed herein includes a volumetric measurement of the club head body. That is, a gong with one or more weight ports in the head. For a golf club head, the weight ports are either nonexistent or are located on a regular imaginary surface. This means that the club head volume is The presence or absence of the port does not affect the golf club head of the present application. 0cm 3 ~about 600cm 3 The head volume may be configured to be 100%. In this state, the head volume is approximately 250 cm 3 ~about 500cm 3 It may be more specific. In an embodiment, the head volume is about 300 cm 3 ~about 500cm 3 , about 300cm 3 ~about 3 60cm 3 , about 300cm 3 ~Approx. 420cm 3 , or about 420 cm 3 ~about 500cm 3 in could be.

[0195] In the case of a driver, the golf club head may have a volume of about 300 cm 3 to about 460 cm 3 and a total weight of about 145 g to about 245 g. In the case of a fairway wood the golf club head may have a volume of about 100 cm to about 250 cm 3 and a total weight of about 145 g to about 3 260 g. In the case of a utility or hybrid club the golf club head 10 may have a volume of about 60 cm to about 150 cm 3 and a total weight of about 145 g to about 3 280 g. According to one embodiment, a weight track 30 having a more complex

[0196] shape with more three-dimensional mechanisms than the sole insert 28 may be manufactured from the same, similar, or at least compatible material as the sole insert 28 such that the rear weight track 30 can be injection molded, overmolded, or insert molded onto the sole insert 28 to couple the rear weight track 30 and the sole insert 28 together. In one example the crown insert 26, the sole insert 28, and the rear weight track 30 are manufactured from a compatible material that is sufficiently bondable to each other, for example, a polymer material having a common matrix or base or at least a complementary matrix. For example, the crown insert 26 and / or the sole insert 28 can be manufactured from a continuous fiber composite material that is sufficiently suitable for thermoforming while the weight track 30 is a short fiber composite material (each having a common matrix) that is sufficiently suitable for injection molding (including insert molding and overmolding) For example, the crown insert 26 and / or the sole insert 28 can be manufactured from a continuous fiber composite material that is sufficiently suitable for thermoforming while the weight track 30 is a short fiber composite material (each having a common matrix) that is sufficiently suitable for injection molding (including insert molding and overmolding) 26 and / or the sole insert 28 can be manufactured from a continuous fiber composite material that is sufficiently suitable for thermoforming while the weight track 30 is a short fiber composite material (each having a common matrix) that is sufficiently suitable for injection molding (including insert molding and overmolding) including overmolding) and having a common matrix An example of a material suitable for injection molding is polyurethane sulfide. Thermoplastic carbon fiber with short chopped fibers in a polypropylene (PPS) base or matrix It is a composite material. For example, the material of the rear weight track 30 is a reinforced PPS matrix. The rear end may include 30% by volume of short carbon fibers having a length of about 1 / 10 inch. Another example of a commercially available material that may be used for the weight track 30 is Other examples include nylon, RTP285, R TP4087UP, and RTP1382UP.

[0197] In one example, the sole insert 28 and the rear weight track 30 are The sole insert 28 is placed in a mold and the track 30 is injection molded onto the sole insert 28. The injection molding process bonds the sole insert 28 and the rear weight to the A strong fusion-like bond is formed with the rack 30 due to the material compatibility.

[0198] In an alternative embodiment, the sole insert 28 may be formed using a thermosetting material. The insert 28 and rear weight track 30 are not made of a compatible material and are left untreated. Therefore, injection molding, insert molding, or overmolding is not recommended. Prior to the bonding process, the sole insert 28 is preferably coated with a heat-activated adhesive, e.g. ACA3 manufactured by Kron Coating & Adhesive, Inc. ACA30-114 is an epoxy resin derivative. and a heat-activated water-based adhesive with saturated polyurethane along with an adhesion promoter designed from a non-polar adhesive. It is an adhesive. It will be understood that other types of heat-activated adhesives may also be used. Co -ating step, then the sole insert 28 is placed in the mold, and the rear weight The material of the track 30 can be overmolded (or injection molded) onto the sole insert 28 as described above. During the injection molding process, the heat activates the adhesive coating on the sole insert 28, promoting the bond between the sole insert 28 and the rear weight track 30.

[0199] After the sole insert 28 and the rear weight track 30 are adhered to form the crown insert 26, they are joined to the frame 24 in a manner that forms a strong integrated structure designed to withstand the normal pressures, loads, and wear and tear expected of a commercial golf club. For example, the sole insert 28 and the crown insert 2 6 can each be joined to the frame 24 using an epoxy adhesive. Here, the crown insert 26 is fixed to and covers the crown opening 62, and the sole insert 28 is fixed to and covers the sole opening 60. As an alternative mounting method, bolts, rivets, snap fits, adhesives, and other known joining methods can be mentioned, or any combination of these can be used to join the crown insert 26 and the sole insert 28 to the frame 24.

[0200] Figure 4 shows the head with the crown insert 26 removed, providing a view of the hollow interior of the head from above. In addition, Figure 4 shows how the rear weight track 30 is ​​, an internal rib, a support, and other mechanisms overmolded on the sole insert 28 are illustrated. For example, the rear weight track 30 includes various supports wound around the central ridge 28a of the sole insert, front and rear support ribs along the upper portion of the ridge 28a, and side ribs extending outwardly from the central ridge 28a. It can be seen that the overmolding process enables the incorporation of the weight track as well as other complex mechanisms and details into the design of the golf club head 10. For example, in addition to the performance benefits provided by the weight track 30, the various ribs and mechanisms shown in FIG. 4 can provide structural support and additional rigidity for the golf club head 10, modify and further fine-tune the acoustic characteristics of the golf club head 10. The sound and tone frequencies emitted by the golf club head 10 when hitting the ball are very important for the golfer's sensory experience and provide functional feedback regarding the location where the ball impact occurs on the hitting face 43 (and whether the ball is hit sufficiently).

[0201] FIG. 5 shows the sole insert 28 including its central rib or ridge 28a before the rear weight track 30 is overmolded. The ridge 28a may be located at the center of the sole insert and extends generally from front to back to provide further structural support to the sole of the golf club head. The ridge 28a also provides elongated weight recesses or ports on its outer surface to which the front and rear weight tracks 30 are fixed. The sole insert provides a flow path for the injection molding melt during the injection molding process, and the sole insert 28 and Form a mechanical interlock with the overmolded weight track 30 to form a sole insert unit, and a plurality of through holes 50 may be included at various positions. By doing so, in order to form a sole insert unit, a plurality of through holes 50 may be included at various positions. It may include.

[0202] Figure 6 shows in more detail the sole insert 28 having an overmolded rear weight track 30 coupled to the sole insert 28. It can be seen that the rear weight track 30 covers the periphery (both inside and outside) of both sides of the sole insert 28, especially with respect to other figures. In addition to the weight attachment channels 48 and the peripheral ridges (or rails) 46 overmolded on the outer surface of the sole insert 28, the rear weight track 30 preferably also includes one or more ribs and other mechanisms on the inner surface of the sole insert. For example, in Figure 6, the reinforced supports 30a, 30b covered on the opposite ends of the ridge 28a, the parallel front - rear extending ribs 30c, 30d running along the upper part of the ridge 28a, the cross ribs 30e connecting the ribs 30c, 30d, and various side and other ribs 30f, 30g, 30h, 30i, 30j, 30k, 30l, 30m, 30n, 30o, 30p, and 30q are shown. These are all interconnected to form a network or matrix of support ribs and reinforcement to strengthen the sole insert 28 and the golf club head 10. In some embodiments, due to the movement of at least one weight member within the rear weight track 30, a change occurs in the z - axis coordinate with the head of the center of gravity of the golf club head ranging from about 0.5 mm to less than about 2.0 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm) throughout the adjustment range of at least one weight member. Taking the head of the golf club head as the origin. For example, in Figure 6, the reinforced supports 30a, 30b covered on the opposite ends of the ridge 28a, the parallel front - rear extending ribs 30c, 30d running along the upper part of the ridge 28a, the cross ribs 30e connecting the ribs 30c, 30d, and various side and other ribs 30f, 30g, 30h, 30i, 30j, 30k, 30l, 30m, 30n, 30o, 30p, and 30q are shown. These are all interconnected to form a network or matrix of support ribs and reinforcement to strengthen the sole insert 28 and the golf club head 10. In some embodiments, due to the movement of at least one weight member within the rear weight track 30, a change occurs in the z - axis coordinate with the head of the center of gravity of the golf club head ranging from about 0.5 mm to less than about 2.0 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm) throughout the adjustment range of at least one weight member. Taking the head of the golf club head as the origin. These are all interconnected to form a network or matrix of support ribs and reinforcement to strengthen the sole insert 28 and the golf club head 10. In some embodiments, due to the movement of at least one weight member within the rear weight track 30, a change occurs in the z - axis coordinate with the head of the center of gravity of the golf club head ranging from about 0.5 mm to less than about 2.0 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm) throughout the adjustment range of at least one weight member. Taking the head of the golf club head as the origin. In some embodiments, due to the movement of at least one weight member within the rear weight track 30, a change occurs in the z - axis coordinate with the head of the center of gravity of the golf club head ranging from about 0.5 mm to less than about 2.0 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm) throughout the adjustment range of at least one weight member. Taking the head of the golf club head as the origin. A change occurs in the z - axis coordinate with the head of the center of gravity of the golf club head ranging from about 0.5 mm to less than about 2.0 mm (for example, about 1.0 mm) throughout the adjustment range of at least one weight member.

[0203] Since the ribs are injection molded, they have a wide variety of shapes, sizes, orientations, and positions on the sole insert to adjust and finely tune the acoustic properties of the golf club head. Obtained. In FIG. 6, it can be seen that the rib network provides rigidity to the golf club head both laterally and longitudinally, strategically placed. In this regard, some ribs, such as ribs 30j, 30k, 30l, 3 0m, 30o, 30p, and 30q have fork-shaped ends for aligning the sole insert 28 with the frame 24 to fit structural components on the frame 24 and providing a strong mechanical bond between the sole insert 28 unit and the frame 24.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 7, the frame 24 preferably includes a recessed sheet or ridge 52a extending around the crown opening 62 for securing the crown insert 26. Similarly, the frame 24 includes a sheet or ridge 52b around the sole opening 60 for receiving the sole insert 28. The weight components 32a, 32b of the weight 32 are shown seated in their respective channels and separated by the rails 46. The weight components 32a By loosening the screw 34, the weight components can slide forward and backward within the weight track 30 to separate the weight components, while tightening the screw 34 allows for sliding movement during play on the golf course. To prevent movement, the weights are screwed together into a locking engagement with the rail 46 may be possible.

[0205] As shown in FIG. 8, the rear weight track 30 and the two-piece weight 32 (having weight components 32a, 3 2b) are similar to the weight track 36 and the two-piece weight 41 (including weight components 41a, 41b).

[0206] Similar to that mentioned above, in some embodiments, the width of the channel or sliding weight track rack (i.e., the distance between the first channel wall adjacent to the position of the first ridge and the second channel wall) can be from about 8 mm to about 20 mm, for example, from about 10 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 12 mm to about 16 mm. Also, in accordance with what was mentioned above in certain embodiments, the depth of the channel (i.e., the vertical distance between the bottom channel wall and the virtual surface including the sole region adjacent to the ridge of the channel) can be from about 6 mm to about 2 0 mm, for example, from about 8 mm to about 18 mm, or for example, from about 10 mm to about 16 mm can be. In addition to what was mentioned above, according to some embodiments, the length of the channel (i.e., the horizontal distance between the first end of the channel and the second end of the channel) can be from about 30 mm to about 120 mm, for example, from about 50 mm to about 100 mm, or for example, from about 60 mm to about 90 mm. That is, the horizontal distance between the first end of the channel and the second end of the channel) can be from about 30 mm to about 120 mm, for example, from about 50 mm to about 100 mm, or for example, from about 60 mm to about 90 mm can be.

[0207] According to some embodiments, to use the adjustable weight system of the golf club head (e.g., the golf club head 10 shown in FIGS. 1-8), the user uses the engaging end of a tool (e.g., a torque wrench) to tighten the fastening bolts of the weight assembly in the golf club head 10 shown in FIGS. 1-8), the user uses the engaging end of a tool (e.g., a torque wrench) to tighten the fastening bolts of the weight assembly in the golf club head 10 shown in FIGS. 1-8), the user uses the engaging end of a tool (e.g., a torque wrench) to tighten the fastening bolts of the weight assembly It will be loosened. When the fastening bolt is loosened, the weight assembly can be adjusted either by sliding the weight assembly in the channel or by repositioning the weight assembly to different positions on the club head. When the weight assembly is in the desired position, the fastening bolt can be tightened until the weight assembly is fixed to the club head. In the case of a sliding weight, the weight fastening bolt can be tightened until the clamping force between the washer of the weight system and the mass member on the front ridge and / or rear ridge of the weight track or channel is sufficient to hold the weight assembly in place. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a locking protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and a locking notch located on the washer that cooperates with the washer and the mass member to increase the locking force provided. In other embodiments, the golf club head may include an alignment protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and an alignment notch located on the washer. The alignment protrusion or bump is sized to have a width smaller than the width of the notch or recess in the outer weight member or washer, whereby the outer weight member can have its movement restricted when placed on one of the bumps. In this manner, the protrusion or bump serves as a marker or indicator that aligns the position of the weight assembly along the channel but does not perform a significant locking function. Instead, the weight assembly can be locked in a selected position along the channel by tightening the bolt. The weight assembly can be adjusted either by sliding the weight assembly in the channel or by repositioning the weight assembly to different positions on the club head. The weight assembly can be adjusted either by sliding the weight assembly in the channel or by repositioning the weight assembly to different positions on the club head. When the weight assembly is in the desired position, the fastening bolt can be tightened until the weight assembly is fixed to the club head. In the case of a sliding weight, the weight fastening bolt can be tightened until the clamping force between the washer of the weight system and the mass member on the front ridge and / or rear ridge of the weight track or channel is sufficient to hold the weight assembly in place. In the case of a sliding weight, the weight fastening bolt can be tightened until the clamping force between the washer of the weight system and the mass member on the front ridge and / or rear ridge of the weight track or channel is sufficient to hold the weight assembly in place. In the case of a sliding weight, the weight fastening bolt can be tightened until the clamping force between the washer of the weight system and the mass member on the front ridge and / or rear ridge of the weight track or channel is sufficient to hold the weight assembly in place. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a locking protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and a locking notch located on the washer that cooperates with the washer and the mass member to increase the locking force provided. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a locking protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and a locking notch located on the washer that cooperates with the washer and the mass member to increase the locking force provided. In some embodiments, the golf club head may include a locking protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and a locking notch located on the washer that cooperates with the washer and the mass member to increase the locking force provided. In other embodiments, the golf club head may include an alignment protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and an alignment notch located on the washer. In other embodiments, the golf club head may include an alignment protrusion located on the front ridge and / or rear ridge and an alignment notch located on the washer. The alignment protrusion or bump is sized to have a width smaller than the width of the notch or recess in the outer weight member or washer, whereby the outer weight member can have its movement restricted when placed on one of the bumps. The alignment protrusion or bump is sized to have a width smaller than the width of the notch or recess in the outer weight member or washer, whereby the outer weight member can have its movement restricted when placed on one of the bumps. The alignment protrusion or bump is sized to have a width smaller than the width of the notch or recess in the outer weight member or washer, whereby the outer weight member can have its movement restricted when placed on one of the bumps. In this manner, the protrusion or bump serves as a marker or indicator that aligns the position of the weight assembly along the channel but does not perform a significant locking function. In this manner, the protrusion or bump serves as a marker or indicator that aligns the position of the weight assembly along the channel but does not perform a significant locking function. Instead, the weight assembly can be locked in a selected position along the channel by tightening the bolt. Instead, the weight assembly can be locked in a selected position along the channel by tightening the bolt.

[0208] In the disclosed embodiment, the weight assembly includes three components, namely, an inner member , an outer member, and a fastening bolt. The outer member is positioned within the outer portion of the volume of the internal channel and can engage the outward-facing surface of the ridge. The inner member is positioned within the inner portion of the volume of the internal channel and can engage the inward-facing surface of the ridge. The fastening bolt extends through the central opening of the outer member and engages mating threads located in the central opening of the mass member and has a threaded shaft. This is a tension system for securing the weight assembly . Alternatively, the washer can have mating threads for the central opening, and it is contemplated that the fastening bolt can pass through the central opening of the mass member and be fastened by a driver on the exposed outer surface of the bolt . In this embodiment, it is contemplated that the head of the bolt is captured by the inner surface of the mass member that holds the head in place during fastening . . . . .

[0209] In some embodiments, the washer may be heavier than the mass member or vice versa . Alternatively, the washer and the mass member may have similar weights. The advantage of manufacturing a washer heavier than the mass member is a lower CG. The washer and / or the mass member can have a weight in the range of 1 g to 50 g . .

[0210] The composite sole and weight track disclosed in various embodiments herein overcome the manufacturing challenges associated with conventional club heads having titanium or other metal weight tracks and replace relatively heavy weight tracks with lightweight composite materials (releasing any weight that can be strategically allocated anywhere within the golf club head). For example, further . . . The ribs can be strategically added to the hollow interior of the golf club head to improve the sound characteristics of the head. The ribs can be strategically placed to reinforce selected positions within the head and add rigidity to those positions. (Separate from any further CG adjustment made possible by a sliding weight mechanism) Any weight in the form of ribs or other mechanisms can also be strategically placed inside to move the effective CG front to back, toe-wise, or heel-wise or both. Additionally, the composite sole insert and crown insert 28, 26 provide structural support and rigidity to the golf club head 10 and free up any weight that can be allocated anywhere in the golf club head 10. According to some embodiments, the golf club head 10 of the present disclosure includes at least one coefficient of restitution (COR) mechanism located in the sole portion of the body 11 of the golf club head 10. The COR of the golf club head 10 is a measure of the energy loss or retention between the golf club head 10 and the golf ball when the golf ball is struck by the golf club head 10. Desirably, the COR of the golf club head 10 is high to facilitate efficient transfer of energy from the golf club head 10 to the ball during impact with the ball. Thus, the COR mechanism of the golf club head 10 promotes an increase in the COR of the golf club head

[0211] 10. In some implementations of the golf club head 10, the COR mechanism is a channel, slot, or some other structure configured to increase the COR of the golf club head 10.

[0212] ​​​​​​​One or more of the components. Generally, for example, a COR such as a channel or a slot mechanism increases or improves the peripheral flexibility of the hitting face 43 of the golf club head 10 thereby increasing the COR of the golf club head 10. According to a particular implementation, the CRO mechanism is in the front region 12 of the sole portion 17 of the body 11, adjacent to or near the foremost edge of the sole portion 17 and may be located there.

[0213] Further details regarding the channel of the COR mechanism of the golf club head 10 are found in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 13 / 338,197, 13 / 469,031, and 13 / 828,675, filed on December 27, 2011, May 10, 2012, and March 14, 2013, respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. December 27, 2011, May 10, 2012 and 13 / 828,675, respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. can be found in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 13 / 338,197, 13 / 469,031, and 13 / 828,675, filed on December 27, 2011, May 10, 2012, and March 14, 2013, respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Further details regarding the slot of the COR mechanism of the golf club head 10 can be found in U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 839,727, filed on March 15, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. by reference in its entirety. 13 / 839,727, filed on March 15, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Regarding further details of the COR mechanism of the golf club head 10, see U.S. Patent Nos. 8,235,844, 8,241,143, and 8,241,144, filed on June 1, 2010, December 13, 2011, and December 14, 2011, respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. June 1, 2010, December 13, 2011 8,241,143, filed on December 13, 2011, and 8,24 1,144, filed on December 14, 2011, respectively, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0214] The golf club head 10 of the present disclosure may include other mechanisms that promote the performance characteristics of the golf club head 10. For example, in some implementations, the golf club head 10 is, in some implementations, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,773,360, 7,166,040, 7,452, in some implementations, U.S. Patent Nos. 6,773,360, 7,166,040, 7,452, No. 285, the same as No. 7,628,707, the same as No. 7,186,190, the same as No. 7,591,7 No. 38, the same as No. 7,963,861, the same as No. 7,621,823, the same as No. 7,448,96 No. 3, the same as No. 7,568,985, the same as No. 7,578,753, the same as No. 7,717,804 No. 805, the same as No. 7,717,805, the same as No. 7,530,904, the same as No. 7,540,811 , the same as No. 7,407,447, the same as No. 7,632,194, the same as No. 7,846,041, the same as No. 7,419,441, the same as No. 7,713,142, the same as No. 7,744,484, the same as No. 7,223,180, the same as No. 7,410,425, and the same as No. 7,410,426 in a more detailed description of the mechanism described in. It includes a movable weight mechanism similar to the mechanism described in. The content of each of those documents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this specification. The content of each of those documents is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this specification.

[0215] In certain implementations, for example, the golf club head 10 is described in U.S. Patent No. 7,775,905 and No. 8,444,505, U.S. Patent Application No. 1 filed on May 20, 2013, 3 / 898,313, U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 047 ,880 filed on October 7, 2013, U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 702,667 filed on September 18, 2012 , U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 841,325 filed on March 15, 2013, 2013 U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 946,918 filed on July 19, 2013, July 1, 2015 U.S. Patent Application No. 14 / 789,838 filed on July 1, 2015, U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 020,972 filed on July 3, 2014 , U.S. Patent Application No. 62 / 065,552 filed on October 17, 2014, and Patent Application No. 62 / 1 filed on March 31, 2015 A slidable weight mechanism similar to the mechanism described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 41,160 is included. The content of each document is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0216] According to some implementations, the golf club head 10 includes an aerodynamic shape mechanism similar to the mechanism described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0123040 (A1), the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. in the specification. is included.

[0217] According to still further implementations, the golf club head 10 includes an adjustable loft / lie mechanism similar to the mechanism described in more detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 8,025,587, 8,235,831, 8,337,319, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2011 / 0312437 (A1), 2012 / 0258818 (A1), 2012 / 0122601 (A1), 2012 / 0071264 (A1), and U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 686,677, the entire content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. in the specification. 31, 8,337,319, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2011 / 0312437 (A 1), 2012 / 0258818 (A1), 2012 / 0122601 (A 1), 2012 / 0071264 (A1), and U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 686, 677, the entire content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. is included.

[0218] In addition, in some implementations, the golf club head 10 includes an adjustable sole mechanism similar to the mechanism described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 8,337,319, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2011 / 0152000 (A1), 2011 / 0312437 (A1), 2012 / 0122601 (A1), and U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 686,677, the entire content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. in the specification. 2011 / 0152000 (A1), 2011 / 0312437 (A1), and 2012 / 0122601 (A1), and U.S. Patent Application No. 13 / 686,677, the entire content of each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. is included.

[0219] According to certain implementations, the golf club head 10 is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in the specification. incorporated, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 006,060 and U.S. Patent No. 6,997, 820, 6,800,038, and 6,824,475, and includes a variable thickness face portion element similar to the mechanisms described in more detail therein.

[0220] In some implementations, the golf club head 10 includes a composite face portion element similar to the mechanisms described in more detail in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 11 / 998,435, 11 / 642,310, 11 / 825,138, 11 / 823,638, 12 / 004,38 6, 12 / 004,387, 11 / 960,609, 11 / 960, 610, and U.S. Patent No. 7,267,620, which are incorporated herein by reference. similar. include.

[0221] According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a golf club, such as the golf club head 10, for example, includes the following steps: (1) forming a frame having a sole opening, forming a composite laminated sole insert, injection molding a thermoplastic composite head component onto the sole insert to produce a sole insert unit, and joining the sole insert to the frame; (2 providing a composite head component that is a weight track capable of supporting one or more slidable weights; (3) forming the sole insert from a thermoplastic composite material having a matrix adapted to couple with the weight track; (4) the sole insert is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and any combination thereof, and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic poly mer, and joining the sole insert to the weight track; (4) the sole insert is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and any combination thereof, and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic poly mer, and joining the sole insert to the weight track; (4) the sole insert is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and any combination thereof, and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic poly mer, and joining the sole insert to the weight track; (4) the sole insert is selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, aramid fibers, carbon fibers, and any combination thereof, and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic poly mer, Polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof Formed from a continuous fiber composite material having a continuous fiber and a thermoplastic matrix consisting of Step (5) forming both the sole insert and the weight track from a thermoplastic composite material having a compatibility matrix Step (6) forming the sole insert from a thermoplastic material, coating the sole insert with a thermally activated adhesive, and forming the weight track from an injection - moldable thermoplastic material onto the sole insert after the coating step (7) forming the frame from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium, one or more titanium alloys, aluminum, one or more aluminum alloys, steel, one or more steel alloys, and any combination thereof (8) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming the crown insert from a composite laminate material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening (9) selecting the composite head component from the group consisting of one or more ribs for strengthening the head, one or more ribs for adjusting the acoustic properties of the head, one or more weight ports for receiving fixed weights in the sole portion of the golf club head, one or more weight tracks for receiving slidable weights, and combinations thereof (10) forming the sole insert and the crown insert from a continuous carbon fiber composite material (11) forming the sole insert and the crown insert by thermosetting using a material suitable for thermosetting, and coating the sole insert with a thermally activated adhesive (12) forming the frame from titanium, a titanium alloy, or this Step (12) forming the sole insert and the crown insert from a continuous carbon fiber composite material (13) forming the sole insert and the crown insert by thermosetting using a material suitable for thermosetting, and coating the sole insert with a thermally activated adhesive (14) forming the frame from titanium, a titanium alloy, or this material formed from a combination thereof to have a crown opening, and a sole insert and a way track formed from a thermoplastic carbon fiber material having a matrix selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps. plastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps. formed from a combination thereof to have a crown opening, and a sole insert and a way track formed from a thermoplastic carbon fiber material having a matrix selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps. plastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps.

[0222] Additionally or alternatively, the body 11 and / or the frame 24 may be made of the following materials: carbon steel, stainless steel (e.g., 17 - 4PH stainless steel), alloy steel, Fe - Mn - Al alloy, nickel - based alloy iron, cast iron, superalloy steel, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy, or a mixture thereof. The sole insert, the crown insert, and / or the sliding weight track may be formed of a non - metallic material having a density of less than about 2 g / cm³, for example, about 1 g / cm³ to about 2 g / cm³. The non - metallic material may preferably be composed of a polymer or a polymer - reinforced composite. The polymer can be either thermosetting or thermoplastic and can have an amorphous, crystalline, and / or semi - crystalline structure. The polymer can be, for example, a crystalline or semi - crystalline engineering plastic. formed from a combination thereof to have a crown opening, and a sole insert and a way plastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps. plastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether 3 ~ about 2 g / cm³ 3 such as about 2 g / cm³ 3 formed of a non - metallic material having a density of less than about 2 g / cm³. The non - metallic material may preferably be composed of a polymer or a polymer - reinforced composite. The polymer can be either thermosetting or thermoplastic and can have an amorphous, crystalline, and / or semi - crystalline structure. The polymer can be, for example, a crystalline or semi - crystalline engineering plastic. formed from a combination thereof to have a crown opening, and a sole insert and a way plastic polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurea, polyamide - amide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and any combination thereof, and (13) forming a frame having a crown opening, forming a crown insert from a thermoplastic composite material, and joining the crown insert to the frame such that the crown insert covers the crown opening, including one or more of the steps. It may be formed of engineering plastics such as polyketone or amorphous engineering plastics. Potential candidates for engineering plastics include polyphenylene sulfide ether (PPS), polyetherimide (PEI), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic (ABS), polyoxymethylene plastic (POM), nylon 6, nylon 6- 6, nylon 12, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polysulfone (PSU), polyether sulfone (PES), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or mixtures thereof. In addition, during the formation of the sole insert, crown insert, and / or sliding weight track, for example, glass fibers, carbon fibers, or any organic short fibers can be added to the engineering plastic to improve the structural strength of the sole insert, crown insert, and / or sliding weight track. However, preferably, the reinforcing material is continuous long fibers rather than short fibers. The most preferred thermosetting material is considered to be a continuous long fiber graphite epoxy composite. The most preferred thermoplastic material is considered to be either PPS or PSU polymer with continuous long fiber graphite reinforcement. One of the advantages of epoxy and PSU is that both are relatively rigid while having relatively low attenuation, thereby generating better sound or louder metallic sound compared to other polymers that may be over-damped. In addition, PSU does not require finishing or painting to achieve a finished golf club head . . Requires little post - processing.

[0223] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a golf club head may include forming a crown insert or a sole insert, and forming the insert may include the following steps: (1) Coating carbon fibers to form colored - coated carbon fibers, ( )(2) Laminating a plurality of prepreg unidirectional fiber composite plies to form a prepreg fiber composite layer wherein the plurality of prepreg unidirectional fiber composite plies includes an innermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply and an outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply, (3) Forming a fabric composite layer including colored carbon fibers, (4) Curing the prepreg fiber composite layer and the fabric composite layer, (5) Adhering the fabric composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply, and (6) Coating the outermost surface of the fabric composite layer with a light - transmissive coating. In step (1), the carbon fibers may be coated using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodization process. In some embodiments, in step (2) the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include colored - coated carbon fibers. In some embodiments, in step (5) the prepreg fiber composite layer and the fabric composite layer are cured together to directly adhere the fabric composite layer to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. In some embodiments, the sole insert and / or the crown insert may be manufactured by a process including thermoforming.

[0224] In some embodiments, coating the carbon fibers may include coating the individual fibers. In some embodiments, coating the carbon fibers may include coating the individual tows of carbon fibers. In some embodiments, coating the carbon fibers may include coating the individual tows of carbon fibers. In some embodiments, coating the carbon fibers may include coating a sheet of woven carbon fibers and / or tows of carbon fibers.

[0225] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a golf club head may include forming a crown insert or a sole insert, and forming the insert may include the following steps: (1) weaving carbon fibers to form a weave pattern; (2) laminating a plurality of prepreg unidirectional fiber composite plies to form a prepreg fiber composite layer; (3) coating the weave pattern with a metal / colored coating; (4) embedding the woven fiber pattern in a matrix material; (5) curing the prepreg fiber composite layer and / or the woven composite layer; (6) (1) weaving carbon fibers to form a weave pattern; (2) laminating a plurality of prepreg unidirectional fiber composite plies to form a prepreg fiber composite layer; (3) coating the weave pattern with a metal / colored coating; (4) embedding the woven fiber pattern in a matrix material; (5) curing the prepreg fiber composite layer and / or the woven composite layer; (6) adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. adhering the woven composite layer directly or indirectly to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply; and (7) coating the outermost surface of the woven composite layer with a light-transmissive coating. In step (3), the coating may be applied using an electroplating process, a CVD process, a PVD process, or an anodizing process. In some embodiments, in step (2), the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply may include carbon fibers with a colored coating. In some embodiments, in step (5), the prepreg fiber composite layer and the woven composite layer may be cured together such that the woven composite layer can be directly adhered to the outermost prepreg unidirectional fiber composite ply. ​ In some embodiments, the sole insert and / or the crown insert may be manufactured by a process that includes thermoforming.

[0226] In some embodiments, a woven carbon fiber material of a desired shape may be cut from a woven sheet for machining into a component of a golf club. The woven sheet from which the desired shape is cut may be a sheet of woven fiber material embedded in a cured matrix material.

[0227] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a component of a golf club may include weaving a pattern of carbon fibers (e.g., a sheet of woven carbon fiber material) having a minimum weave density. Any of the weave patterns discussed herein may be woven to have a minimum weave density (e.g., a minimum weave density in the range of 50 to 650 grams per square meter (g / m ) 2 of the range discussed herein). In some embodiments, the fibers woven in a pattern may be colored / metal-coated fibers. In some embodiments the fibers woven in a pattern may not be colored / metal-coated. In some embodiments after weaving a woven fiber pattern having a suitable weave density, the woven fiber pattern may be embedded in a matrix material to form a woven fabric fiber composite. In embodiments where the weave pattern of the carbon fibers and / or carbon fiber tows is colored / metal-coated, the coloring / metal coating may be applied before embedding the weave pattern in the matrix material. The coloring / metal coating may be applied to the upper surface and / or the lower surface of the weave pattern.

[0228] ​​​​​​​​Exemplary polymers for the embodiments described in this specification include synthetic and natural rubbers , thermosetting polymers such as thermosetting polyurethanes or thermosetting polyureas, and thermoplastic polymers including thermoplastic elastomers, such as thermoplastic polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyureas, metallocene-catalyzed polymers, unimodal ethylene / carboxylic acid copolymers, unimodal ethylene / carboxylic acid / carboxylate terpolymers, bimodal ethylene / carboxylic acid copolymers, bimodal ethylene / carboxylic acid / carboxylate terpolymers, polyamide (PA), polyketone (PK), copolyamide, polyester, copolyester, polycarbonate , polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC ), polyolefin, halogenated polyolefin [e.g., chlorinated polyethylene (CPE )], halogenated polyalkylene compounds, polyalkenamers, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, diallyl phthalate polymers, polyimides, polyvinyl chloride , polyamide-ionomers, polyurethane-ionomers, polyvinyl alcohol, poly arylate, polyacrylate, polyphenylene ether, impact-modified polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, high-impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), acrylonitrile-styrene -acrylonitrile, styrene-maleic anhydride (S / MA) polymers, styrene-butadiene -styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) , and styrene block copolymers including styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEPS), styrene terpolymers, hydroxylated, functionalized styrene copolymers and ter polymers - A functionalized styrene block copolymer containing a polymer, a cellulose polymer, a liquid crystal polymer - (LCP), ethylene - propylene - diene terpolymer (EPDM), ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - propylene copolymer, propylene elastomer (for example, those described in U.S. Patent No. 6,525, 157 (Kim et al) which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurea , and polysiloxane and any and all combinations thereof can be mentioned but are not limited thereto.

[0229] Among these, polyamide (PA), polyphthalimide (PPA), polyketone (P K), copolyamide, polyester, copolyester, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), polyphenylene oxide , diallyl phthalate polymer, polyarylate, polyacrylate, polyphenylene ether, and impact - modified polyphenylene ether are preferred. Particularly preferred polymers for use in the golf club head of the present invention are those of the so - called high - performance engineering thermoplastic family known for their toughness and stability at high temperatures. These polymers include polysulfone, polyetherimide, and polyamide - imide. Among these, polysulfone is most preferred. Aromatic polysulfone is a family of polymers produced from the polycondensation of 4,4’ - dichlorodiphenyl sulfone itself or one or more dihydric phenols. Aromatic polysulfone is a family of polymers produced from the polycondensation of 4,4’ - dichlorodiphenyl sulfone itself or one or more dihydric phenols.

[0230] Aromatic polysulfone is a family of polymers produced from the polycondensation of 4,4’ - dichlorodiphenyl sulfone itself or one or more dihydric phenols. Aromatic polysulfone is a family of polymers produced from the polycondensation of 4,4’ - dichlorodiphenyl sulfone itself or one or more dihydric phenols. Examples include thermoplastic plastics that may be called polyethersulfone and have a general structure of the repeating unit that can be represented as -arylene-SO2-arylene- and have a diarylsulfone structure These units can be linked to each other by carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds, carbon-sulfur-carbon bonds, or via short alkylene bridges to form thermally stable thermoplastic polymers These units can be linked to each other by carbon-carbon bonds, carbon-oxygen-carbon bonds, carbon-sulfur-carbon bonds, or via short alkylene bridges to form thermally stable thermoplastic polymers Polymers in this family are completely amorphous, exhibit a high glass transition point, provide high strength and rigidity even at high temperatures, and are useful for industrial applications Polymers in this family are completely amorphous, exhibit a high glass transition point, provide high strength and rigidity even at high temperatures, and are useful for industrial applications The polymers also have good ductility and toughness and are transparent in their normal state due to their complete amorphousness The polymers also have good ductility and toughness and are transparent in their normal state due to their complete amorphousness Other important attributes include resistance to hydrolysis by hot water / steam and excellent resistance to acids and bases Polysulfones are completely thermoplastic and can be processed by the most standard methods, such as injection molding, extrusion molding, and thermoforming They are also useful for a wide range of high-temperature industrial applications They are also useful for a wide range of high-temperature industrial applications

[0231] Three commercially important polysulfones are: a) polysulfone (PSU), b) polyethersulfone (also called PES, PESU), and c) polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU Three commercially important polysulfones are: a) polysulfone (PSU), b) polyethersulfone (also called PES, PESU), and c) polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU Three commercially important polysulfones are: a) polysulfone (PSU), b) polyethersulfone (also called PES, PESU), and c) polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU

[0232] Particularly important and preferred aromatic polysulfones are composed of repeating units of the structure -C6H4SO2-C6H4-O- (wherein C6H4 represents an m- or p-phenylene structure (wherein C6H4 represents an m- or p-phenylene structure The polymer chain may also be -C6H4-, C6H4-O-, -C6H4-(lower alkylene)-C6H4-O-, -C6H4-O-C6H4-O-, C6H4-S-C6 In the technical field of repeating units such as H4-O- and engineering thermoplastics, other heat stabilities known in the art may also substantially include aromatic difunctional groups. So-called modified polysulfones in which each aromatic ring is further substituted by one or more substituents are also included. Examples of such modified polysulfones are as follows. It may also substantially include aromatic difunctional groups with other heat stabilities known in the art. So-called modified polysulfones in which each aromatic ring is further substituted by one or more substituents are also included. Examples of such modified polysulfones include the following. [Chemical formula]

[0233] (In the formula, each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or a combination thereof.) Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include, for example, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group, and a C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group. These hydrocarbon groups may be partially substituted by one or more halogen atoms, or may be partially substituted by one or more polar groups other than one or more halogen atoms. Specific examples of the C1-C20 alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an amyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, and a dodecyl group. Specific examples of the C2-C20 alkenyl group may include a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group may include a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group. Examples of the halogen atom include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include, for example, a C1-C20 alkyl group, a C2-C20 alkenyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group, and a C6-C20 aromatic hydrocarbon group. These hydrocarbon groups may be partially substituted by one or more halogen atoms, or may be partially substituted by one or more polar groups other than one or more halogen atoms. Specific examples of the C1-C20 alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an amyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, and a dodecyl group. Specific examples of the C2-C20 alkenyl group may include a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group may include a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group. Specific examples of the C2-C20 alkenyl group may include a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a butenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a pentenyl group, and a hexenyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group may include a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group. Specific examples of the C3-C20 cycloalkenyl group may include a cyclopentenyl group and a cyclohexenyl group. ​and can be. Specific examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or a combination thereof. can be mentioned.

[0234] As individual preferred polymers, (a) produced by polycondensation of bisphenol A and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of a base, with the main repeating structure and abbreviated as PSF, and sold under the trade names Udel (registered trademark), Ultrason (registered trademark) S, Eviva (registered trademark), and RTP PSU polysulfone, (b [Chemical formula] having, abbreviated as PPSF, and sold under the trade name RADEL (registered trademark) resin polysulfone, and (c) produced with 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of a base, with the main repeating structure and abbreviated as PPSF, sometimes called "polyethersulfone", and sold under the trade names Ultrason (registered trademark) E, LNP (trademark), Veradel (registered trademark) PE SU, Sumikaexce, and VICTREX (registered trademark) resin condensation polymers, and any and all combinations thereof are included. [Chemical formula] having, abbreviated as PPSF, and sold under the trade name RADEL (registered trademark) resin polysulfone, and (c) produced with 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone in the presence of a base, with the main repeating structure and abbreviated as PPSF, sometimes called "polyethersulfone", and sold under the trade names Ultrason (registered trademark) E, LNP (trademark), Veradel (registered trademark) PE [Chemical formula] having, abbreviated as PPSF, sometimes called "polyethersulfone", and sold under the trade names Ultrason (registered trademark) E, LNP (trademark), Veradel (registered trademark) PE SU, Sumikaexce, and VICTREX (registered trademark) resin condensation polymers, and any and all combinations thereof are included. SU, Sumikaexce, and VICTREX (registered trademark) resin condensation polymers, and any and all combinations thereof are included. and any and all combinations thereof are included.

[0235] Exemplary composite materials suitable for the composite fiber layer are as follows: Unless otherwise stated, the properties of the material are determined by the addition of a colored / metallic coating to the fibers of the material. However, a sufficiently thin pigmented / metallic coating may be applied to the composite. The properties (e.g. mechanical properties) of the material cannot be changed. For example, suitable composites such as carbon composites The material may be a fibrous material (e.g., graphite or turbostratic or graphitic carbon fiber). or a hybrid structure in which both graphitic and turbostratic parts are present) For use in metal wood golf clubs, the golf club may be made of a composite material containing multiple plies or layers of Some examples of these composite materials and their processing methods for achieving the above are incorporated herein by reference. No. 10 / 442,348 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,267, No. 620), No. 10 / 831,496 (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,140,974), Same No. 11 / 642,310, Same No. 11 / 825,138, Same No. 11 / 998,436 No. 11 / 895,195, No. 11 / 823,638, No. 12 / 004,3 No. 86, No. 12 / 004,387, No. 11 / 960,609, No. 11 / 960 ,610 and 12 / 156,947. The composite material is At least U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 825,133, which is incorporated herein by reference. It can be prepared according to the method described in No. 8.

[0236] Alternatively, short or long fiber reinforced blends of the polymers referenced above may be used. A suitable formulation is 30% carbon fiber filled and sold under the trade name R One example is a nylon 6 / 6 polyamide blend available under the trade name TP285. has a tensile strength of 35,000 psi (241 MPa) measured by ASTM D638, a tensile elongation of 2.0 - 3.0% measured by ASTM D638, a tensile modulus of 3.30×106 psi (22,754 MPa) measured by ASTM D638, a flexural strength of 50,000 psi (345 MPa) measured by ASTM D790, and a flexural modulus of 2.60×106 psi (17,927 MPa) measured by ASTM D790.

[0237] As another material, there is also a polyphthalamide (PPA) compound filled with 40% carbon fiber and commercially available under the trade name RTP4087UP from RTP Company. This material has a tensile strength of 360 MPa measured by ISO527, a tensile elongation of 1.4% measured by ISO527, a tensile modulus of 41,500 MPa measured by ISO527, a flexural strength of 580 MPa measured by ISO178, and a flexural modulus of 34,500 MPa measured by ISO178.

[0238] Furthermore, as another material, there is a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) compound filled with 30% carbon fiber and commercially available under the trade name RTP1385UP from RTP Company. This material has a tensile strength of 255 MPa measured by ISO527, a tensile elongation of 1.3% measured by ISO527, a tensile modulus of 28,500 MPa measured by ISO527, a flexural strength of 385 MPa measured by ISO178, and a flexural modulus of 23,000 MPa measured by ISO178.

[0239] Particularly preferred materials include a polysulfone (PSU) formulation filled with 20% carbon fiber and commercially available under the trade name RTP983 from RTP Company. This material has a tensile strength of 124 MPa measured by ISO527, a tensile elongation of 2% measured by ISO527, a tensile modulus of 11032 MPa measured by ISO527, a flexural strength of 186 MPa measured by ISO178, and a flexural modulus of 9653 MPa measured by ISO178.

[0240] Also, preferred materials include a polysulfone (PSU) formulation filled with 30% carbon fiber and commercially available under the trade name RTP985 from RTP Company. This material has a tensile strength of 138 MPa measured by ISO527, a tensile elongation of 1.2% measured by ISO527, a tensile modulus of 20685 MPa measured by ISO527, a flexural strength of 193 MPa measured by ISO178, and a flexural modulus of 12411 MPa measured by ISO178.

[0241] Even more preferred materials include a polysulfone (PSU) formulation filled with 40% carbon fiber and commercially available under the trade name RTP987 from RTP Company. This material has a tensile strength of 155 MPa measured by ISO527, a tensile elongation of 1% measured by ISO527, a tensile modulus of 24132 MPa measured by ISO527, a flexural strength of 241 MPa measured by ISO178, and a flexural modulus of 19306 MPa measured by ISO178.

[0242] Filed on June 11, 2001, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference entitled "METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AND GOL F CLUB HEAD" in U.S. Patent No. 6,623,378, as described in detail as such, the crown or outer shell of the golf club head 10 can be made of a composite material such as carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or polymer. In addition, U.S. Patent Application Nos. 10 / 316,453 and 10 / 634,023 disclose golf club heads having a lightweight crown . Further, U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 974,437 (currently U.S. Patent No. 8,608,591) discloses a golf club head having a lightweight crown and sole .

[0243] In some embodiments, the composite materials used to form the crown and / or are required to exhibit high strength and stiffness, good wear resistance and wear behavior, and resistance to stress cracking over a wide temperature range . Such properties include (1) a tensile strength at room temperature (measured by ASTM D638 and / or ASTM D3039) of about 7 ksi to about 330 ksi, preferably about 8 ksi to about 305 ksi, more preferably about 200 ksi to about 300 ksi, and even more preferably about 250 ksi to about 300 ksi, (2) a tensile modulus at room temperature (measured by ASTM D638 and / or AS TM D3039) of about 0.4 Msi to about 23 Msi, preferably about 0.46 Msi to about 21 Msi, more preferably about .46 Msi to about 19 Msi, and (3) a compressive strength of about 13 ksi to about 300 ksi, about 14 ksi to about 300 ksi . .46 Msi to about 19 Msi, and (3) a compressive strength of about 13 ksi to about 300 ksi, about 14 ksi to about 300 ksi ​About 290 ksi, more preferably, about 50 ksi to about 285 ksi, even more preferably , a flexural strength at room temperature of about 100 ksi to about 280 ksi (measured by ASTM D790 ), and (4) a flexural modulus at room temperature of about 0.4 Msi to about 21 Msi, about 0.5 Msi to about 20 Msi, more preferably , about 10 Msi to about 19 Msi (measured by ASTM D790 ).

[0244] In certain embodiments, a composite material useful for manufacturing a golf club head component includes a fiber portion and a resin portion. Generally, the resin portion functions as a “matrix” in which the fibers are embedded in a predetermined pattern. In a composite material for a club head, the fiber portion is configured as a plurality of fiber layers or plies impregnated with a resin component. The fibers in each layer have respective orientations, which typically vary from layer to layer and are precisely controlled. A useful number of layers for the face is a significant number, for example, 40 or more. However, for the sole or crown, the number of layers can be substantially reduced, for example, to 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more. Examples are provided below. During processing of the composite material, the layers (each layer includes fibers oriented respectively impregnated with uncured or partially cured resin, and such each layer is called a “prepreg” layer) are arranged in a “laminated” style. After forming the prepreg laminate, the resin is cured to a rigid state. Depending on the interest, the specific strength can be calculated by dividing the tensile strength by the density of the material . This is also known as the strength-to-weight ratio or strength / weight ratio. In tests regarding a specific club head configuration, having a relatively low fiber areal weight (FAW)

[0245] In the composite part formed by the prepreg ply, in a plurality of regions, excellent performance, for example impact resistance, durability, and overall club performance have been found to be provided. The FAW is the weight (unit: g / m of the fiber part of a given amount of prepreg. 2 The clubhead and / or sole panel may be formed of a composite material ply having a fiber weight per unit area of 20 g / m 2 to 200 g / m 2 . However, a FAW value below 100 g / m , more desirably 2 75 g / m or less may be particularly effective. A fiber material particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of the prepreg ply is the carbon fiber described above. Two or more fiber materials may be used. However, in other embodiments, a prepreg ply having a FAW value below 70 g / m 2 and a FAW value above 100 g / m may be used. Generally, cost is a major prohibitive factor in prepreg plies having a FAW value below 70 g / m 2 . m 2 In certain embodiments, a plurality of low-FAW prepreg plies can be laminated and also have a relatively uniform distribution of fibers throughout the thickness of the laminated ply. In contrast, at comparable resin content (R / C unit: %) levels, laminated plies of prepreg materials having a higher FAW have regions that are significantly richer in resin, particularly at the interfaces of adjacent 2 plies. In particular, since the force generated by a golf ball impact is generally transverse to the orientation of the fibers of the fiber reinforcement, the resin-rich regions are

[0246] It tends to reduce the effectiveness of the fiber reinforcement. The prepreg used to form the panel ply preferably contains carbon fibers impregnated with a suitable resin such as, for example, epoxy . Exemplary carbon fibers are "34-700" carbon fibers (available from Grafil, S acramento, Calif.) having a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mp . Another Grafi l fiber that can be used is "TR50S" carbon fiber having a tensile modulus of 240 GPa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 ksi ). Suitable epoxy resins are types "301" and "350" (available from Newport Adhesives and Compo sites, Irvine, Calif.). An exemplary resin content (R / C) is 33% to 40%, preferably 35% to 40%, more preferably 36% to 3 8%.

[0247] Some embodiments of the golf club head (e.g., golf club head 10) contemplated throughout this application may include separate crowns, soles, and / or faces that can be composites such as carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer, or polymer . Alternatively, the crown, sole, and / or face may be made of a low density material such as titanium or a certain nickel, etc. A portion of the crown may be cast from either steel (about 7.8 - 8.05 g / cm 3 ) or titanium (about 4.43 g / c 3 ) but most of the crown is made of a low density material such as, for example, about 1.5 g / cm m 3 . 3 ​A material having a density of or about 4.43 g / cm 3 or some other material having a density less than can be manufactured. That is, the crown can be considered to be some other metal or or a composite material. Additionally or alternatively, the face may be welded in place rather than cast as part of the sole.

[0248] By manufacturing the crown, sole, and / or face from a low-density material, weight can be redistributed from the crown, sole, and / or face to other areas of the club head, such as the low front and / or low rear. The low front and low rear may both be suitable for a club head that includes a weight track that slides from front to back.

[0249] U.S. Patent No. 8,163,119, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, discloses composite articles and methods for manufacturing composite articles. U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2015 / 0038262 and 2016 / 0001146, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties, disclose various composite structures that can be used in golf club heads. The techniques and laminates described in U.S. Patent No. 8,163,119, U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2 015 / 0038262 and 2016 / 0001146 can be utilized to construct composite crown panels, composite sole panels, composite toe panels located on the sole, and / or composite heel panels located on the sole.

[0250] U.S. Patent No. 8,163,119 states that a useful number of layers for the hitting face is a significant number, for example, 50 The foregoing is disclosed. However, in the art, improvements have been made such that the number of layers can be reduced to 30 to 50 layers. In addition, for panels positioned on the sole and / or crown, the number of layers can be substantially reduced to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more layers. The following Table 1 provides examples of possible laminates. These laminates show possible crown and / or sole structures using unidirectional plies without reference to woven plies. The structures shown are for quasi-isotropic laminates. A single layer ply can have a thickness in the range of about 0.065 mm to about 0.080 mm for a standard FAW having a resin content of about 36% to about 40% and a basis weight of 70 g / m², but the crown and / or sole panels can be formed of plies of composite materials having a fiber basis weight of 20 g / m² to 200 g / m². In some embodiments, the ply of the insert can have a thickness in the range (including partial ranges) of 0.065 mm to 0.60 mm. For example, the ply thickness can be 0.065 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.20 mm, 0.30 mm, 0.40 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.60 mm,

[0251] or a range having any two of these values as endpoints. The thickness of each individual ply can be changed by adjusting either the FAW or the resin content, and for this reason, the overall thickness of the laminate can also be changed by adjusting these parameters. 2 2 2

[0252]

Table 1

[0252] ​​​The basis weight (AW) is calculated by multiplying the density by the thickness. For the ply indicated above made of a composite material, the density is about 1.5 g / cm and for titanium, the density is about 4.5 g / cm 3 . Depending on the materials used and the number of plies, the thickness of the composite crown and / or sole is in the range of about 0.195 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably about 0.25 3 mm to about 0.75 mm, more preferably about 0.3 mm to about 0.65 mm, even more preferably about 0.36 mm to about 0.56 mm. These ranges apply to both the crown and the sole, but it should be understood that these ranges do not necessarily mean that the crown and sole will have the same thickness or will be made of the same material. In certain embodiments, the sole can be made of either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. Similarly, the body of the golf club head 10 can be made of either a titanium alloy or a steel alloy. Titanium typically ranges from 0.4 mm to about 0.9 mm, preferably 0.4 mm to about 0.8 mm, more preferably 0.4 mm to about 0.7 mm, even more preferably 0 .45 mm to about 0.6 mm. In some examples, the crown and / or sole may have a non-uniform thickness, for example, varying in thickness from about 0.45 mm to about 0.55 mm. In particular, when combined with the thin titanium construction (0.4 mm to 0 .9 mm) in other parts of the golf club head 10, using a composite material for the crown and / or sole can release a significant amount of any weight. The thin titanium construction increases the difficulty of manufacturing .

[0253] In particular, when combined with the thin titanium construction (0.4 mm to 0 .9 mm) in other parts of the golf club head 10, using a composite material for the crown and / or sole can release a significant amount of any weight. The thin titanium construction increases the difficulty of manufacturing , ultimately, the number of parts cast per unit time decreases. In the past, over 100 golf club heads could be cast in a short time, but due to the thinner configuration, to achieve the desired combination of high yield and less material usage, the number of golf club heads cast per cluster decreases.

[0254] An important strategy for obtaining more optional weight is to reduce the wall thickness of the golf club head 10. For a typical titanium alloy "metalwood" club head with a volume of 460 cm 3 (i.e., a driver) and a crown area of 100 cm 2 , the thickness of the crown is typically about 0.8 mm, and the weight of the crown is about 36 g. Therefore, reducing the wall thickness by only 0.2 mm (e.g., from 1 mm to 0.8 mm) can result in a "savings" of 9 .0 g of optional weight. The following example will help to illustrate the possible "savings" of optional weight by manufacturing a composite crown instead of a titanium alloy crown. For example, by reducing the thickness of the material to about 0 .73 mm, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown, it results in a further "savings" of about 25.0 g

[0255] of optional weight. For example, by reducing the thickness of the material to about 0.73 mm, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown, it results in a further "savings" of about 25 g or compared to a 1.0 mm titanium alloy crown, it results in a further "savings" of 34 g of optional weight. In addition, for a 0.6 mm composite crown, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown, it results in a further " savings" of about 27 g of optional weight. Further, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown it results in a further "savings" of about 27 g of optional weight. Further, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown it results in a further "savings" of about 27 g of optional weight. Further, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown it results in a further "savings" of about 34 g of optional weight. Additionally, for a 0.6 mm composite crown, it results in a further "savings" of about 27 g of optional weight compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown. Moreover, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, it results in a further " savings" of about 27 g of optional weight compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown. Further, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, it results in a further " savings" of about 27 g of optional weight compared to a 0.8 mm titanium alloy crown. Further, for a 0.4 mm composite crown, it results in a further " There will be a "savings" of an additional arbitrary weight of about 30 g from the heel. The crown can also be made thinner, for example, to about 0.32 mm thick, about 0.26 mm thick, about 0.195 mm thick, in order to achieve a higher weight savings. However, the thickness of the crown needs to be balanced with the overall durability of the crown during normal use and misuse. For example, an unprotected crown, i.e., a crown without a headcover, may be damaged by collision with other woods or irons in the golf bag. For example, the crown can be made thinner to about 0.32 mm thick, about 0.26 mm thick, about 0.195 mm thick. However, the thickness of the crown needs to be balanced with the overall durability of the crown during normal use and misuse. For example, an unprotected crown, i.e., a crown without a headcover, may be damaged by collision with other woods or irons in the golf bag. For example, the crown can be made thinner to about 0.32 mm thick, about 0.26 mm thick, about 0.195 mm thick. However, the thickness of the crown needs to be balanced with the overall durability of the crown during normal use and misuse.

[0256] For example, the crown can be formed of a composite material ply having a fiber weight per unit area of 20 g / m² to 200 g / m². 2 to 200 g / m² 2 The weight of the composite crown is at least 20% less than the weight of a similar sized piece formed of the body metal. The composite crown may be formed of at least four plies of standard modulus graphite of a single tape, and the plies of the single tape are oriented in any combination of 0 degrees, +45 degrees, -45 degrees, and 90 degrees. Additionally or alternatively, the crown may include an outermost layer of woven graphite cloth. The weight of the composite crown is at least 20% less than the weight of a similar sized piece formed of the body metal. The composite crown may be formed of at least four plies of standard modulus graphite of a single tape, and the plies of the single tape are oriented in any combination of 0 degrees, +45 degrees, -45 degrees, and 90 degrees. Additionally or alternatively, the crown may include an outermost layer of woven graphite cloth. The weight of the composite crown is at least 20% less than the weight of a similar sized piece formed of the body metal. The composite crown may be formed of at least four plies of standard modulus graphite of a single tape, and the plies of the single tape are oriented in any combination of 0 degrees, +45 degrees, -45 degrees, and 90 degrees.

[0257] Further embodiments of the golf club head 500 are shown in FIGS. 10 - 17. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the head 500 includes a front face 502, a toe 504, a heel 506 opposite the toe 504, and a front - rear section 510 opposite the face 502. The head also includes a sole 512 under the club head and a crown 514 above it, which create a surface area that extends between the toe, heel, face, and rear section, forming a golf club head having a generally hollow interior. The embodiments described in FIGS. 10 - 17 are hollow. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the head 500 includes a front face 502, a toe 504, a heel 506 opposite the toe 504, and a front - rear section 510 opposite the face 502. The head also includes a sole 512 under the club head and a crown 514 above it, which create a surface area that extends between the toe, heel, face, and rear section, forming a golf club head having a generally hollow interior. The embodiments described in FIGS. 10 - 17 are hollow. Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, the head 500 includes a front face 502, a toe 504, a heel 506 opposite the toe 504, and a front - rear section 510 opposite the face 502. The head also includes a sole 512 under the club head and a crown 514 above it, which create a surface area that extends between the toe, heel, face, and rear section, forming a golf club head having a generally hollow interior. A metalwood-type club head having an interior, and is particularly well-suited for a driver-type club head. The volume of the club head 500 is within the range described above. For example, one preferred driver-type head is, for example, about 375 cm 3 ~500 cm 3 such as a metalwood and can have a typical volume of a driver.

[0258] Figure 10 further illustrates that the crown 514 preferably includes a crown insert 516 that covers at least a substantial portion of the surface area of the crown, such as at least 40%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80% of the surface area of the crown. The outer boundary of the crown generally ends at a location where the radius of curvature of the crown surface undergoes a large change as the crown moves towards the sole or face of the head. In one example, the crown insert 5 16 is placed rearward from the face 502 and has a foremost edge portion that generally extends between the toe and the heel, and defines a notch 518 located at the center that protrudes towards the face 502. The head further includes a hosel 520 on the heel side where a golf shaft can be attached.

[0259] The bottom perspective view of Figure 12 shows a head in an example having adjustable FCT components 522a, 5 22b (hosel inserts), front and rear weight tracks 530, and side weight tracks 536. The weight tracks 530, 536 are preferably integral parts of the frame formed by casting, metal pressing, or other known processes described above with respect to the frame 24. The frame is the frame 24 and other implementations ​​​​​​​​Although it can also be manufactured with the materials described above in terms of form, in one preferred embodiment, it is manufactured with a metal material or other materials that provide a strong framework to the club head in areas of high stress. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 2, FIG. 12 shows that on the heel side of the rear weight track 30, which can be an integral (preferably cast) part of the frame, the sole has a heel side portion 537. is illustrated.

[0260] As described above, the side weight track 536 is close to the face 502 for mounting one or more one-piece or multi-piece slidable weights 541 and defines a track generally parallel to the face 502. The (multiple) weights can be laterally adjusted in the heel-to-toe direction to change the performance characteristics of the head, as described above. Similarly, the weight track 530 defines a front-to-rear weight track for mounting one or more one-piece or multi-piece slidable weights 531. The (multiple) weights 531 can be slidably adjusted back and forth to move the CG of the club head in the front-to-rear direction, thereby changing the performance characteristics of the head (in particular, the spin characteristics and height of the golf ball launched by the head), as described above. FIG. 12 also shows that the sole 512 includes a sole insert 528 located on the toe side of the sole and on one side of the weight track 530. The sole insert 528 (as well as the crown insert 516) can be made of a lightweight material, such as one of the polymers described above, and in one preferred example, one of the polysulfone compositions. The sole insert covers a part of the surface area of the sole, for example, at least 10% of the total sole surface area, at least 2 %, etc. %, and in one preferred example, one of the polysulfone compositions. The sole insert covers a part of the surface area of the sole, for example, at least 10% of the total sole surface area, at least 2 covers 0%, at least 40%, or at least 50% and can be located on one side of the weight truck 530 entirely.

[0261] FIG. 13 is an exploded view of the head 500 showing the crown insert 516 and the sole insert 528 remote from the frame of the head. The frame provides an opening 529 in the sole to reduce the weight of the frame or the skeletal support structure of the head. The frame includes a recessed ridge 542 along the periphery of the opening 529 and a cradle support 544 for seating and supporting the sole insert 528. The sole insert 528 has a shape and size compatible with the opening 529 and can be fixed to the frame by an adhesive or other fastening means so as to cover the opening 529. The ridge 542 may have a depression 546 along its length for receiving a protrusion or bump that mates with the underside of the sole insert 528 to further secure and align the sole insert to the frame. The frame of the head or skeleton The frame provides an opening 5 29 along the periphery of the recessed ridge 542 and a cradle support 544 for seating and supporting the sole insert 528. The sole insert 528 has a shape and size compatible with the opening 529 and can be fixed to the frame by an adhesive or other fastening means so as to cover the opening 529. The ridge 542 may have a depression 546 along its length for receiving a protrusion or bump that mates with the underside of the sole insert 528 to further secure and align the sole insert to the frame. The sole insert 528 has a shape and size compatible with the opening 529 and can be fixed to the frame by an adhesive or other fastening means so as to cover the opening 529. The ridge 542 may have a depression 546 along its length for receiving a protrusion or bump that mates with the underside of the sole insert 528 to further secure and align the sole insert to the frame. and size and can be fixed to the frame by an adhesive or other fastening means so as to cover the opening 529. The ridge 542 further secures the sole insert to the frame and has a depression 546 along its length for receiving a protrusion or bump that mates with the underside of the sole insert 528 to align the sole insert 528. For example, it may be provided.

[0262] FIG. 13 provides a more detailed illustration of the FCT component 522b fixed to the hosel 520 by the FCT component 522a. The component 522b mounts the golf shaft to the head and the component 522b can be rotatably adjusted to vary the orientation of the club head relative to the standard address position of the golf shaft. The golf shaft is mounted to the head by the component 522b, and the component 522b can be rotatably adjusted to vary the orientation of the club head relative to the standard address position of the golf shaft. The golf shaft is mounted to the head by the component 522b, and the component 522b can be rotatably adjusted to vary the orientation of the club head relative to the standard address position of the golf shaft. For example, it can be rotated.

[0263] FIG. 14 is a plan view of the head with the crown insert 516 removed, showing the components of the internal structure of the head and its frame. Similar to the sole, the crown also has an opening 548 that reduces the weight of the frame and, more significantly, the weight of the crown. The internal structure components of the head and its frame are revealed. Similar to the sole, the crown also has an opening 548 that reduces the weight of the frame and, more significantly, the weight of the crown. The crown also has an opening 548 that reduces the weight of the frame and, more significantly, the weight of the crown. has, and the area of the head that has become heavier raises (undesirably) the CG of the head has the greatest influence on this. Along the periphery of the opening 548, the frame includes a recessed ridge 550 for seating and supporting the crown insert 516. The crown insert 516 (not shown in FIG. 28) has a shape and size compatible with the crown opening 548 and can be fixed to the frame by an adhesive or other fastening means so as to cover the opening 548 . The ridge 550 further secures and aligns the crown insert to the frame and may have a depression 552 along its length for receiving a mating protrusion or bump on the underside of the crown insert . Similar to the sole insert, the ridge 550 may alternatively include a protrusion that mates with a depression provided on the crown insert .

[0264] Typically, the ridge 550 can be made of the same metallic material (e.g., titanium alloy) as the body, and thus can add a significant amount of weight to the golf club head 500. In some embodiments , in order to control the weight contribution of the ridge 550 to the golf club head 500, the width of the ridge 550 can be adjusted to achieve the desired weight contribution . In some embodiments , if the ridge 550 adds too much weight to the golf club 500, it may compromise the weight reduction benefits of the lighter weight composite material (e.g., carbon fiber or graphite) used for the crown insert 51 6. In some embodiments, the width of the ridge 550 can range from about 3 mm to about 8 mm, preferably from about 4 mm to about 7 mm, more preferably from about 5 .5 mm to about 6.5 mm. In some embodiments, the width of the ridge is the same as that of the club ​The width of the lip may be at least four times the thickness of the lip insert. The thickness of the plate 550 is about 0.4 mm to about 1 mm, preferably about 0.5 mm to about 0.8 mm. , and more preferably, may range from about 0.6 mm to about 0.7 mm. The depth of the ridge 550 is about 0.5 mm to about 1.75 mm, preferably about 0.7 mm. The thickness may be in the range of about 0.8 mm to about 1.1 mm, more preferably about 0.8 mm to about 1.2 mm. The edge 550 defines an interface between the crown insert 516 and the golf club head 500. Although it may extend or be present along the entirety, in alternative embodiments, the ridge 550 may only extend partially along the interface boundary.

[0265] The periphery of the opening 548 is aligned around the crown at the toe, back, and heel sides of the head. The face side of the opening 548 is preferably adjacent to and closely follows the edge of the opening. The heel side, toe side, and back side are farther away from the skirt of the head, so the face 502 (i.e., the frontmost region of the head). Thus, the head The frame has weight and reinforcement in the crown area just behind the face 502. The area of ​​the face and other areas adjacent to the face along the toe, heel, and sole are The face supports the ball and is subjected to the highest impact loads and stresses from the ball striking the face. As mentioned above, the frame can be manufactured from a wide range of materials, including high strength titanium. Examples of suitable materials include titanium, titanium alloys, or other metals.

[0266] The opening 548 serves to align and secure the crown insert onto the crown. It has a notch 554 that meshes with the crown insert notch 518.

[0267] In FIG. 14, the sole insert opening 529, the inner surface of the sole insert 528, the cross support 544, the inner surfaces of the front and rear weight tracks 530, and the heel side sole portion 537 are also shown. The various ribs 556a, b, c, d, e, f are shown located inside the head to provide structural reinforcement and acoustic components.

[0268] FIG. 15 is a side view with the crown insert removed. FIG. 15 shows how the sole covers the heel side of the head in order to match the crown 514 at the skirt interface between the sole and the club crown. The crown insert 548 is shown encompassing a substantial portion of the surface area of the crown, for example, more than 50% of the surface area of the crown in the illustrated example.

[0269] FIG. 16 is a horizontal cross-section of the club below the level of the crown and shows, although clearly visible in FIG. 14, in more detail, a part of the internal structure. The cross rib 556 extends across the inner width of the head from toe to heel and supports the weight track 530. The rib 556e extends in the front -to-rear direction and may be fixed to the upper inner surface of the weight track 530. The diagonal ribs 556c, d are fixed at the opposing ends of the weight tracks 530, 536. A further rib 556f is shown joined at one end to the hosel 520 and at the other end to the weight track 530.

[0270] FIG. 17 is a bottom view of the head with the sole insert removed. FIGS. 12 and 1 As will be further explained below with reference to FIG. 7, the sole of this embodiment is made up of two layers or layers. a top-sole configuration, in which a portion of the sole is , descending or ascending depending on how you look at it. The insert 528 is disposed relative to a heel portion 537 of the sole (when the club head is at address). The heel portion 537 is raised when the club head is in the address position. The drop sole part of the sole that descends or is closer to the ground when in position The heel portion 537 extends over a portion of the weight track 530. The front and rear weights have edges or portions 558 that overlap or overlap the front and rear weights. Although not shown in FIG. 17, overlapping portion 558 is provided to allow the weight to be attached to the weight track. Providing a narrow opening or channel through which the weights can be inserted or removed from the weight track. and helps capture the weight(s) in the weight track 530. At the same time, the weight(s) are released to slidably move. The weight track has an adjustable weight track that secures the weight to the track. It is reset by loosening and then tightening the screws (see FIG. 12).

[0271] Published on October 9, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. No. 2014 / 0302946 (the '946 application), all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Similar to the address position used to measure the various parameters considered in the study. The address or reference location is determined by the United States Golf Association and the R&A Rules Limited, "Procedure for Measuring Club Head Size of Wood Clubs" Revision 1.0.0 (200 November 21, 203) and is based on the procedures described therein. Unless otherwise specified, all parameters are specified for the club head at the reference position.

[0272] Figure 45 shows a metal wood club head 4500 including a face insert 4510 (also called an ace plate , strike plate, or striking plate) according to some embodiments. The face insert 4500 can be convex and has an outer side ("striking") surface (face) 4512. The club head 4500 also includes a body 4520 that defines a front opening 4522. A face support 4524 is disposed around the front opening 4522 to position and hold the face insert 4510 to the body 4520. The body 4520 also has a heel 4530, toe 4532, sole 4534, upper or crown 4536, and a hosel 4538. The perimeter of the front opening 4522 is a "movement zone" 4540 that extends along the front edges of the heel 4530, toe 4532, sole 4534, and crown 4536. The movement zone 4540 is effective for movement from the body 4520 to the face insert 4510. The face support 4524 may include a lip or rim that extends around the front opening 4522 and is recessed with respect to the movement zone 4 540 as shown. The hosel 4538 defines an opening 4539 that receives the distal end of a club shaft (e.g., shaft 1 02). The opening 4522 is a face insert 4522 extends around the lip or rim may be included, as shown in the movement zone 4 540 is recessed. The hosel 4538, a club shaft (e.g., shaft 1 02) defines an opening 4539 for receiving the distal end. The opening 4522, the face insert Receives the toe 4510, and by this reception, is reset and surrounds the front opening 4522 by being coupled to the face support 4524 and the movement zone 4540. The movement zone 4540 may include a sole lip region 4524d, a crown lip region 4524a, a heel-lip region 452 4c, and a toe-lip region 4524b. These portions may be continuous or may be intermittent with a space therebetween.

[0273] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the face insert 4510 may be made of a composite material including multiple plies or layers of a fiber material (e.g., graphite or carbon fiber ) embedded in a cured resin (e.g., epoxy). For example, the face insert 45 10 may include a composite component (e.g., component 4600 shown in FIGS. 46 -48) having an outer polymer layer forming the facing 4512. Examples of suitable polymers that may be used to form an outer coating or cap are described in detail below. Alternatively the face insert 4510 may have an outer metal cap forming the outer facing 4512 of the face insert 4510 as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,267,620, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments the face insert 4510 may be a face insert as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,682,434, which issued on January 14, 2014 and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The exemplary thickness range of the composite portion of the face plate is 7.0 mm or less. Some

[0274] ​​​​​​In an embodiment, the thickness of the faceplate can be in the range of 7.0 mm to 4.0 mm . In some embodiments, the thickness of the faceplate can be 5.0 mm + / - 1.0 mm . In some embodiments, the thickness of the faceplate is 3. 0 mm to 6.0 mm in the central region and 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm in the peripheral portion of the faceplate . In some embodiments, the thickness of the faceplate is 4 .0 mm to 5.0 mm in the central region and 2.0 mm to 3.0 m m in the peripheral portion of the faceplate . The composite material is desirably configured to have a relatively uniform distribution of reinforcing fibers across the cross-section of its thickness to promote effective dispersion of impact forces and overall durability . Additionally, the thickness of the face insert 4510 can vary in specific regions to achieve different performance characteristics of the golf head 4500 and / or improve the durability of the golf head 4500 . For example, in some embodiments, the thickness of the face plate is 3.0 mm to 6.0 mm in the central region and 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm in the peripheral portion of the faceplate . As another example, in some embodiments, the thickness of the faceplate is 4.0 mm to 5.0 mm in the central region and 2.0 mm to 3.0 mm in the peripheral portion of the faceplate . The face insert 4510 can be formed to have any of a variety of cross-sectional profiles by selectively arranging a plurality of strips of composite material in a predetermined pattern in a composite laminate to form a desired

[0275] The face insert 4510 is attached to the face support 4524 of the club head body 4520 by using a suitable adhesive (typically, an epoxy adhesive or a film adhesive). To prevent peeling and delamination defects at all joints between the composite face plate and the club head body, the composite face plate can be recessed at the joint from the front surface of the metal body or can be substantially coplanar with the surface of the front surface. Desirably, the face insert 4510 is sufficiently recessed so that the ends of the reinforcing fibers in the composite structure element are not exposed.

[0276] The composite portion of the face insert 4510 is fabricated as a laminate of a plurality of prepreg plies. For the plies, the fiber reinforcement and the resin are selected considering the desired durability and performance of the club head as a whole. To vary the thickness of the laminate, some of the prepreg plies include elongated strips of prepreg material arranged in one or more sets of strips. The strips in each set are arranged in a cross - overlapping pattern so as to add thickness to the composite laminate in the region where the strips overlap each other, as will be described in more detail below. The strips are desirably continuously extended across the finished composite part. That is, the ends of the strips are at the periphery of the finished composite part. In this manner, the reinforcing fibers extending in the longitudinal direction of the strip can also be continuously extended across the finished composite part so that the ends of the fibers are at the periphery of the part. As a result, during the curing process, defects can be moved towards the peripheral sacrificial portion of the composite laminate. The sacrificial portion is then subjected to a test that has few or no defects. In addition, the free ends of the fibers can be removed to provide a clean finished part. away from the zone and on the periphery of the finished part, the durability of the finished part Improve.

[0277] In testing of certain club head constructions, a relatively low fiber-based average weight (FAW) was Composite parts formed with prepreg plies are designed to provide improved impact resistance in multiple regions, e.g., impact resistance, It has been found to provide superior performance, such as durability and overall club performance. AW is the weight of the fiber part of a given amount of prepreg (unit: g / m 2 ) 100g / m 2 More preferably, less than 70 g / m 2 FAW values ​​below are particularly effective. A particularly suitable fibrous material for use in making the prepreg plies is carbon fiber. More than one type of fibrous material may be used. In some embodiments, 2 Exceeding Prepreg plies having a FAW value of 0.1 to 0.5 may be used.

[0278] In certain embodiments, multiple low FAW prepreg plies can be stacked together, It also has a relatively uniform distribution of fibers through the thickness of the lie. In contrast, comparable resins Lamination of prepreg materials with higher FAW content (R / C unit:%) The plies have significantly more resin-rich regions than the laminate plies of low FAW material, particularly adjacent In particular, the forces generated by the impact of a golf ball tend to cause the fibers to Since the orientation of the fibers in the fiber reinforcement is generally transverse to the orientation of the fibers in the fiber reinforcement, the resin-rich regions are tends to reduce the effectiveness.

[0279] Figures 46 - 48 show exemplary embodiments of a finished composite component 4600 processed from a plurality of prepreg plies or layers and having a desired shape and size for use as a face insert for a club head (e.g., club head 10, 500, or 4500), or as a component of a face plate for a club head (e.g., club head 10, 500, or 4500). The composite component 4600 has a front surface 4602 and a rear surface 4604. In this example, the composite component 4600 is generally convex in shape and has a central region 4606 of increasing thickness and a peripheral region 4608 of relatively small thickness extending around the central region 4606. The central region 4606 in the illustrated example has its thickest portion at a center point 4610 (Figure 47) and is in the shape of a protrusion or cone on the rear surface 4604 that tapers gradually in all directions from that point towards the peripheral region 4608. The center point 4610 represents approximately the center of the "sweet spot" (optimal hitting zone) of the face insert (e.g., face insert 4510), but does not have to be the geometric center of the face insert. The thicker central region 4606 adds rigidity to the central region 4606 of the face insert and effectively provides a more consistent deflection across the face insert. In certain embodiments, the central region 4606 has a thickness of about 5 mm to about 7 mm, and the peripheral region 4608 has a thickness of about 4 mm to about 5 mm. such as club head 10, 500, or 4500), or as a component of a face plate for a club head (e.g., club head 10, 500, or 4500) having a desired shape and size for use. The exemplary embodiments of the finished composite component 4600 are shown. The composite component 4600 has a front surface 4602 and a rear surface 4604. In this example, the composite component 4600 is generally convex in shape and has a central region 4606 of increasing thickness and a peripheral region 4608 of relatively small thickness extending around the central region 4606. In the illustrated example, the central region 460 6 has its thickest portion at a center point 4610 (Figure 47) and tapers gradually in all directions from that point towards the peripheral region 4608, being in the shape of a protrusion or cone on the rear surface 4604. The center point 4610 represents approximately the center of the "sweet spot" (optimal hitting zone) of the face insert (e.g., face insert 45 10), but does not have to be the geometric center of the face insert. The thicker central region 4606 adds rigidity to the central region 4606 of the face insert and effectively provides a more consistent deflection across the face insert. In certain embodiments, the central region 4606 has a thickness of about 5 mm to about 7 mm, and the peripheral region 4608 has a thickness of about 4 mm to about 5 mm. In certain embodiments, the central region 4606 has a thickness of about 5 mm to about 7 mm, and the peripheral region 4608 has a thickness of about 4 mm to about 5 mm. In certain embodiments, the central region 4606 has a thickness of about 5 mm to about 7 mm, and the peripheral region 4608 has a thickness of about 4 mm to about 5 mm.

[0280] In certain embodiments, the composite component 4600 is first formed from a plurality of large prepreg plies A laminate is formed, and then the sacrificial portion is machined from the cured laminate to form the finished component. FIG. 49 is a plan view of an example of a laminate 4620 from which a composite component 4600 can be formed. Line 4630 in FIG. 49 represents the outer shape of the composite component 4600. When cured, the portion around line 4630 can be removed to form the composite component 460 0. FIG. 50 is an exploded view of the laminate 4620. In the laminate 4 620, each prepreg ply desirably has a defined fiber orientation, and the plies are laminated in a defined order with respect to the fiber orientation. In some embodiments, the laminate 4620 can respectively define all or a part of the nonwoven composite layers 2210 or 2310 in the layer structures 2200 and 2300.

[0281] As shown in FIG. 50, the laminate 4620 includes a plurality of sets or unit groups 4622a to 4622k of one or more prepreg plies having a substantially uniform thickness, and one or more sets or unit groups 4624a to 4624g of individual plies in the form of elongated strips 4646. For the purpose of explanation, each set 4622a to 462 2k of one or more plies can be referred to as a composite "panel", and each set 4624a to 4624g can be referred to as a "cluster" of elongated strips. The clusters 4 624a to 4624g of the elongated strips 4626 are overlapped between the panels 4622a to 4622k and function to increase the thickness of the composite component 4 600 in its central region 4606. Each panel 46 22a to 4622k includes one or more individual prepreg plies having a desired fiber orientation. The individual plies forming each panel 4622a to 4622k desirably have a smaller size and are arranged in a desired fiber orientation. The individual plies forming each panel 4622a to 4622k are desirably smaller in size and are arranged in a desired fiber orientation. A cured laminate can be formed in which the composite component 4600 is formed substantially free of defects and is of a size and shape sufficient for forming. The clusters 4624a - 4624g of strips 4626 are preferably individually positioned between two adjacent panels and sandwiched between two adjacent panels (i.e., the panels 4622a - 4622k separate the clusters 4624a - 4624g of strips from each other) to promote adhesion between many layers of the prepreg material and provide an effective distribution of fibers across the cross-section of the composite component 4600. In some embodiments, the number of panels 4622a - 4622k can range from 9 to 14 (11 panels 4622a - 4622k are used in the illustrated embodiment), and the number of clusters 4624a - 4624g can range from 1 to 12 (7 clusters 4624a - 4624g are used in the illustrated embodiment). However, in some embodiments, the number of panels and clusters can vary depending on the desired profile and thickness of the component 4600.

[0282]

[0283] The prepreg ply used to form the panels 4622a - 4622k and the clusters 4624a - 4624g preferably comprises carbon fibers impregnated with a suitable resin such as, for example, epoxy. Exemplary carbon fibers are "34 - 700" carbon fibers (available from Grafil (Sacramento, CA)) having a tensile modulus of 234 GPa (34 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4500 Mpa (650 Ksi). Another Grafil fiber is the "TR50S" carbon fiber with a tensile modulus of 240 GPa (35 Msi) and a tensile strength of 4900 Mpa (710 ksi). Suitable epoxy resins are types "301" and "350" (available from Newport Adhesives an d Composites, Irvine, CA). An exemplary resin content (R / C) is 40%.

[0284] FIG. 51 is an exploded view of the first panel 4622a. For reference convenience, the fiber orientation of each ply (shown by line 4 640) is measured to a line that is substantially parallel to the fibers in the ply from the horizontal axis of the face of the club head. As shown in FIG. 51, the panel 4622a in the illustrated example has a first ply 4628a having fibers oriented at +45 degrees, a second ply 4628b having fibers oriented at 0 degrees, a third ply 4628c having fibers oriented at -45 degrees, and a fourth ply 4 628d having fibers oriented at 90 degrees. Thus, the panel 4622a of plies 4628a - 4628d forms a "quasi-isotropic" panel of prepreg material. In some embodiments, the remaining panels 4 622b - 4622k may have the same number of prepreg plies and fiber orientation as panel 4622a. In some embodiments, the remaining panels 4622b - 4622k may have a different number of prepreg plies and / or fiber orientation than panel 4 622a. In some embodiments, the laminate 4620 has an outermost glass fiber ply 4650 adjacent to the first panel 4622a, a single adjacent to the 11th and last panel 4622k

[0285] In some embodiments, the laminate 4620 has an outermost glass fiber ply 4650 adjacent to the first panel 4622a, a single adjacent to the 11th and last panel 4622k Carbon fiber ply 4652, and an innermost glass fiber ply 4654 adjacent to the single ply 4652 may be included. In some embodiments, the single ply 4652 may have a fiber orientation of 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the glass fiber plies 4650, 4654 may have fibers oriented at 0 degrees and 90 degrees. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 are essentially provided as a sacrificial layer to protect the carbon fiber ply when the cured laminate 4620 is subjected to a surface finish such as sandblasting to smooth the outer surface of the part. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 can be referred to as a scrim layer. For example, when the cured laminate 4620 is subjected to a surface finish such as sandblasting to smooth the outer surface of the part, the glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 are essentially provided as a sacrificial layer to protect the carbon fiber ply. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 can be referred to as a scrim layer. In some embodiments, the single ply 4652 may have a fiber orientation of 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the glass fiber plies 4650, 4654 may have fibers oriented at 0 degrees and 90 degrees. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 are essentially provided as a sacrificial layer to protect the carbon fiber ply when the cured laminate 4620 is subjected to a surface finish such as sandblasting to smooth the outer surface of the part. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 can be referred to as a scrim layer. For example, when the cured laminate 4620 is subjected to a surface finish such as sandblasting to smooth the outer surface of the part, the glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 are essentially provided as a sacrificial layer to protect the carbon fiber ply. The glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 can be referred to as a scrim layer.

[0286] FIG. 52 is an enlarged plan view of a first cluster 4624a of elongated prepreg strips arranged relative to each other such that the clusters have a variable thickness. The illustrated cluster 4624a in the example includes a first strip 4626a, a second strip 4626b, a third strip 4626c, a fourth strip 4626d, a fifth strip 4626e, a sixth strip 4626f, and a seventh strip 4626g. The strips are laminated in a cross pattern such that the strips overlap to define an overlap region 4660, and the ends of each strip are angled away from adjacent ends of another strip. Thus, the cluster 4624a is thicker at the ends of the strips and in the overlap region 4660. Each strip is desirably long enough to extend continuously across the composite component 4600 that is cut or otherwise machined from a large laminate, but the strips can have the same or different lengths and widths. FIG. 52 is an enlarged plan view of a first cluster 4624a of elongated prepreg strips arranged relative to each other such that the clusters have a variable thickness. The illustrated cluster 4624a in the example includes a first strip 4626a, a second strip 4626b, a third strip 4626c, a fourth strip 4626d, a fifth strip 4626e, a sixth strip 4626f, and a seventh strip 4626g. The strips are laminated in a cross pattern such that the strips overlap to define an overlap region 4660, and the ends of each strip are angled away from adjacent ends of another strip. Thus, the cluster 4624a is thicker at the ends of the strips and in the overlap region 4660. Each strip is desirably long enough to extend continuously across the composite component 4600 that is cut or otherwise machined from a large laminate, but the strips can have the same or different lengths and widths. The strips are laminated in a cross pattern such that the strips overlap to define an overlap region 4660, and the ends of each strip are angled away from adjacent ends of another strip. Thus, the cluster 4624a is thicker at the ends of the strips and in the overlap region 4660. Each strip is desirably long enough to extend continuously across the composite component 4600 that is cut or otherwise machined from a large laminate, but the strips can have the same or different lengths and widths. The strips are laminated in a cross pattern such that the strips overlap to define an overlap region 4660, and the ends of each strip are angled away from adjacent ends of another strip. Thus, the cluster 4624a is thicker at the ends of the strips and in the overlap region 4660. and the same length and width can be varied according to the desired overall shape of the composite component 4600 can be done.

[0287] The strips 4626a - 4626g may be of equal length, and the geometric center point 4662 of the cluster 462 4a may be arranged so as to correspond to the center of each strip. In some embodiments, the first three strips 4626a - 4626c are wider than the width W of the remaining four strips 56d - 56g 2 and may have a wider width W 1 The strips may be the horizontal edge of the second strip 4626b and the adjacent edges of the strips 4626a and 4626c define an angle α, the angle μ between the edge of the strip 4626b and the closest edges of the strips 4626d and 4626g , and the angle θ between the edge of the strip 4626b and the closest edges of the strips 46 26e and 4626f. In some embodiments the width W 1 can be about 20 mm, and the width W 2 can be about 15 mm, the angle α can be about 24 degrees, the angle μ can be about 54 degrees, and the angle θ can be about 78 degrees.

[0288] Referring again to FIG. 50, each cluster 4624a - 4624g is preferably rotated slightly or offset at an angle with respect to the adjacent cluster so that the ends of the strips in each cluster do not align with the ends of the strips of the adjacent cluster . In this way, the clusters are arranged relative to each other in the laminate 4620 so as to provide a substantially uniform thickness in the peripheral region 4608 of the composite component 4600 . In this way, the clusters are arranged relative to each other in the laminate 4620 so as to provide a substantially uniform thickness in the peripheral region 4608 of the composite component 4600 In this way, the clusters are arranged relative to each other in the laminate 4620 so as to provide a substantially uniform thickness in the peripheral region 4608 of the composite component 4600 obtained. In some embodiments, the first cluster 4624a has an orientation of -18 degrees which may be such that the "upper" edge of the second strip 4626b is adjacent to the unit glue -strip 4622c, which means that it extends at an angle of -18 degrees with respect to the "upper" horizontal edge of the unit glue . The next consecutive cluster 4624b has an orientation of 0 degrees, which means that the second strip 4626b is parallel to the "upper" horizontal edge of the adjacent unit group 4622d. The next consecutive cluster 4624c has an orientation of +18 degrees, which means that the "lower" edge of each second strip 4626b of the cluster 4624c extends at an angle of +18 degrees with respect to the "lower" edge of the adjacent unit group 4622e. Clusters 4624d, 4624e, 4624f, and 4624g may have orientations of 0 degrees, - 18 degrees, 0 degrees, and +18 degrees, respectively. When laminated to the laminate 4620, the overlapping regions 4660 of the clusters are aligned in the thickness direction of the laminate 4620 so as to increase the thickness of the central region 4606 of the composite component 4600, but the "spokes" (strips 4626a to 46256g) are "spread out in a fan shape" or have an angle with respect to the spokes in adjacent clusters within each cluster

[0289] and are arranged. Before curing / form shaping, the laminate 4620 has a cross-sectional profile similar to that of the composite component 4 600, except that the laminate 4620 is flat, i.e., the laminate 4620 does not have an overall convex shape. For this reason, in the profile, the rear surface of the laminate 4620 has a central region of increasing thickness, surrounded by a substantially uniform thickness. Before curing / form shaping, the laminate 4620 has a cross-sectional profile similar to that of the composite component 4 600, except that the laminate 4620 is flat, i.e., the laminate 4620 does not have an overall convex shape. For this reason, in the profile, the rear surface of the laminate 4620 has a central region of increasing thickness, surrounded by a substantially uniform thickness. It gradually tapers to a relatively thicker peripheral region of a certain thickness. In some embodiments, the laminate 4620 has a thickness of about 5 mm at the center of the central region 4606 and a thickness of about 3 mm at the peripheral region 4608 The thickness in the central region and / or peripheral region of the laminate 4620 can be varied using a greater or lesser number of panels and / or clusters of the strip.

[0290] According to one specific approach, to form the laminate 4620, panels 462 2a - 4622k can first be formed by laminating the individual pre - cut prepreg plies 4628a - 4 628d of each panel. After the panels are formed, the laminate 46 20 is constructed by laminating the second panel 4622b on top of the first panel 4622a, and then laminating the first cluster 4624a on top of the second panel 4622b in the manner described above by individually layering the strips 4626a - 4626g. Then, the remaining panels 4622c - 4622k and clusters 4624b - 4624g are subsequently added, in the order shown in FIG. 50, with one ply 4652 being added to the laminate 4620. Then, glass fiber plies 4650 / 4654 can be added in front of and behind the laminate 4620.

[0291] Then, the fully formed laminate 4620 can be subjected to a "weight - reduction" or compression process (e.g., using a vacuum table) to remove and / or reduce the air trapped between the plies. Then, the laminate 4620 can be cured in a mold formed to provide the desired bulge and roll of the face insert. Alternatively, any ​​​​​​The desired bulges and rolls are formed during one or more weight reduction or compression steps that are performed before curing. This may be done. To form a bulge or roll, the weight reduction step can be performed on the die panel having the final desired bulge and roll. In any case, after curing, the cured laminate 4620 is removed from the mold and machined to form the composite component 4600.

[0292] In some embodiments, the face insert 4510 can be composed of a composite material including one or more layers / plys that include metal-coated fibers embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the face insert 4510 can be composed of a composite material including one or more layers / plys that include colored-coated fibers embedded in a matrix material. In some embodiments, the colored coating on the fiber can be a metal-colored coating. In some embodiments, the fiber can be a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, or a polymeric fiber (e.g., an aramid fiber such as Kevlar® fiber, or a polyester fiber such as Mylar® fiber). In embodiments including colored-coated fibers, the colored coating can be a color different from the color of the fiber itself. In some embodiments, the colored / metal-coated fibers can be unidirectional fibers embedded in the matrix material. In some embodiments, the colored / metal-coated fibers can be woven fibers in a pattern and can be embedded in the matrix material. In some embodiments, the woven colored / metal fibers in a pattern need not be embedded in the matrix material and can be bonded (e.g., adhered) to other layers in the layer structure.

[0293] Using the colored coating fibers and the methods discussed herein, customized golf clubs can be manufactured based on consumer preferences. For example, a golf club head may be composed of a customized crown insert, one or more customized sole inserts, and / or a customized face insert. As another example, a golf club shaft may be customized based on consumer preferences. When customizing a club head or a club shaft, visual features of the customizable golf club head or shaft may include, but are not limited to, alignment mechanisms, logos, brand names, product names, and aesthetic patterns. Visual features of the visual elements that can be customized may include, but are not limited to, the color(s), position, and size of the visual element(s).

[0294] In some embodiments, a consumer can visit a website to create or select a customized golf club. In some embodiments, the website may include a "login" mechanism. The "login" mechanism may enable the server to associate a session of the characteristics on the website with a specific consumer. That is, the "login" mechanism may enable the consumer to identify himself to the server for the continuation of the session of using the website. In some embodiments, the server can then associate information obtained from a specific consumer during the session with the consumer during subsequent sessions on the website, associate the information, and store the - It can be stored in a database. Associated with the consumer's account, the stored data can include previous builds, established measurements, and personal information (e.g., height, gender, and dominant hand), but is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, the login mechanism can prompt the consumer to enter their name and password and present this information to the server. In some embodiments, the website can provide the consumer with the option to create a new account or proceed as a "guest".

[0295] To customize products such as golf club heads, the consumer can activate a build command button on the website. After activating the build command button, the server provides a web page to the consumer's computer device that includes various command buttons corresponding to the various products that can be customized. Subsequently, in response to the activation of one of these command buttons, the server operates to search the database for all combinations of images / links corresponding to the selected product (e.g., using Java (registered trademark) server page technology). When these combinations of images / links are identified, the server causes some or all of these combinations of images / links to be displayed on the web page. The combinations of images / links can provide the consumer with diverse information. For example, the combinations of images / links can provide the user with the product name, product image, and price for custom manufacturing the product.

[0296] The combinations of images / links can provide the consumer with diverse information. For example, the combinations of images / links can provide the user with the product name, product image, and price for custom manufacturing the product. The consumer can review a web page for the various products to be custom manufactured. ​ It can be utilized.

[0297] After a consumer selects a custom - manufactured product (e.g., a club head), a build process page may be displayed. The build process page may receive selection information or characteristic information from the consumer and then include an image component for displaying an image based on that information. For example, when the consumer activates an image / link combination for selecting a product for custom manufacturing, the server provides this information to the image component, and then the image component generates or retrieves an image corresponding to the selected product. Then, this image is inserted into the version of the web page delivered to the consumer in response to the activation of the image / link combination for selecting the product. In some embodiments, the component can operate using, for example, Java (registered trademark) script page technology or other similar technologies known in the art. The build process page may include one or more steps or characteristic components. Each step or characteristic component may correspond to an attribute or characteristic of an item that can be specified by the consumer. For example, one step or characteristic component may be for specifying the base color and / or the main accent color of the custom - manufactured product.

[0298] Based on the product selected by the consumer, the step or characteristic component may generate or retrieve an image showing the available base color or color combination for that particular product. Then, this image is also inserted into the version of the web page delivered to the consumer in response to ...

Claims

1. A golf club, Grip and A golf club shaft; A golf club head, At least a portion of the outer surface of the golf club head is A nonwoven composite layer comprising a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies, The lie includes a nonwoven fabric including an innermost unidirectional fiber composite ply and an outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply. A composite layer; a coating layer disposed on the outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply, the coating layer including a colored coating fiber; A woven composite layer; a light-transmitting coating disposed on the woven composite layer, the light-transmitting coating comprising: a light-transmissive coating defining a smallest portion of the outer surface of the head; A golf club defined by a layer structure.

2. The woven composite layer comprises a fiber weight of 200 grams per square meter or more.

2. The golf club according to claim 1.

3. The golf club head of claim 1 further comprises a crown insert including the layer structure. The golf club described.

4. The golf club head of claim 1 , further comprising a sole insert including said layer structure. Golf clubs listed.

5. The golf club head of claim 1 further comprises a face insert including the layer structure. The golf club described.

6. The colored coated fibers of the woven composite layer include a core fiber and a coating on the core fiber.

10. The golf club of claim 1, further comprising a metal coating layer.

7. The core fiber is at least one of a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, or a polymer-based fiber. The golf club of claim 6 , comprising:

8. 7. The golf club of claim 6, wherein the metallic coating layer is a different color than the core fibers. Love.

9. The colored coated fibers of the woven composite layer are embedded in a polymer matrix material.

2. The golf club of claim 1 .

10. The golf club of claim 9 , wherein the polymer matrix material is optically transparent.

11. The colored coated fibers of the woven composite layer include a core fiber and a coating on the core fiber. a coating layer coated with the coloring coating, and a coloring coating layer coated on the coating layer. a polymer support configured to bond a coating fiber to the polymer matrix material; 10. The golf club of claim 9, further comprising:

12. The color coated fibers of the woven composite layer each include a color coated carbon fiber. The golf club of claim 1 .

13. The woven composite layer may be in a plain weave pattern, a twill weave pattern, a satin weave pattern, a harness weave pattern, or a combination of both. - Satin weave pattern, triaxial pattern, jacquard pattern, Aquarius pattern, Constellation pattern, Galaxy pattern, Rock pattern, Atomic pattern Honeycomb pattern, Roswell pattern, Labyrinth pattern, Basket weave pattern Dobby weave pattern, pique weave pattern, momie weave pattern, twill weave pattern , swivel weave pattern, double weave pattern, pile weave pattern, loose weave pattern tapestry weave pattern, spread tow weave pattern, rib weave pattern, and and an Oxford weave pattern.

2. The golf club according to claim 1.

14. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer structure has a thickness in the range of 0.10 mm to 1.20 mm. Golf club.

15. The layer structure according to claim 1 has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm. Fuclub.

16. 2. The rubber of claim 1, wherein the layer structure has a thickness in the range of 0.25 mm to 0.8 mm. Luf Club.

17. The woven composite layer is a layer of colored coated carbon fiber and a layer of the colored coated carbon fiber and a woven fabric.

10. The golf club of claim 1, further comprising:

18. 17. The golf club of claim 16, wherein the metal fibers are colored coated metal fibers. 。

19. a moving mechanism configured to move the golf club head from a first position to a second position; The golf club of claim 1 further comprising a variable weight.

20. a hose configured to receive a sleeve attached to the golf club shaft; The sleeve further includes a lens portion, and the lens portion is configured to adjust the loft angle, lie angle, or 2. The golf club of claim 1, wherein the face angle can be adjusted. Love.

21. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the colored coated fibers of the woven composite layer include colored electroplated fibers.

2. A golf club as described in claim 1.

22. The outermost unidirectional fiber composite ply of claim 1 comprises a colored coated fiber. of golf clubs.

23. A golf club head, an outer surface, the outer surface comprising: an inner composite layer including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies; A pigmented coated fiber is disposed on the inner composite layer and embedded in a matrix material. and an outer composite layer including a fiber, the outer composite layer including a fiber structure, the outer composite layer including a fiber structure and a fiber structure defined at least in part by the layer structure. Fu club head.

24. A golf club, Grip and A golf club shaft; a hose configured to receive a sleeve attached to the golf club shaft; 1. A golf club head including a sleeve, the sleeve comprising: The loft angle, lie angle, or face angle of the golf club may be adjusted. and a golf club head. At least a portion of the outer surface of the golf club head is an inner composite layer including a plurality of unidirectional fiber composite plies; A pigmented coated fiber is disposed on the inner composite layer and embedded in a matrix material. and an outer composite layer including a fiber.

Images