Two-region breeder reactor with core and blanket and plutonium metal production core

Abstract

To provide a nuclear reactor which is safe and requires a low electricity charge by reducing the output density of nuclear power generation discharging no carbon dioxide to increase the safety, thereby making power generation cost higher than surface-derived energy power generation.SOLUTION: In a two-region breeder reactor with a core and blanket, a heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is circulated for cooling in a cylindrical shielding container (2000) containing a cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) and a doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000) and The cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100), which is made movable, is inserted into and withdrawn from the hollow part of the doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000) to control the reactor output.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a nuclear reactor that eliminates spent nuclear fuel containing MA and deteriorated uranium at low cost.

Background Art

[0002] The accumulation of spent nuclear fuel containing MA and deteriorated uranium is progressing worldwide. On the other hand, the development of small nuclear reactors, which are said to have high inherent safety, is progressing. Patent Document 1 is an example of an inherently safe nuclear reactor.

Patent Document 1

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Even if the mining cost is low, the price of oil can still be sold at a slightly higher price than the mining cost of coal, which is abundant but somewhat difficult to handle and also emits the same amount of carbon dioxide. Even if the power generation cost is high, surface-derived energy power generation, which does not emit carbon dioxide (is advertised as environmentally friendly) and is advertised as having high safety, is recommended. If you want to popularize surface-derived energy power generation, you can print a large amount of Shibusawa and provide subsidies. However, the popularization has not progressed. Then, if the output density of nuclear power generation, which does not emit carbon dioxide, is reduced to improve safety, the power generation cost should be higher than that of surface-derived energy power generation and it should sell. After that, it depends on the publicity. Among the common people, there are those who can generate electricity even when nuclear power plants are shut down. They can buy cheap electricity. They say they can somehow buy gasoline. The government is printing Fukuzawa and buying dollars, and furthermore, providing subsidies. They think it will last forever. Certainly, something will work out when in a dead end. They just act as if they don't notice that it was only because of the luck of the Cold War that they survived that war. Or, it is because it is convenient for the government, politicians, and business circles to follow the instructions supported by the strong military force of the United States.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0004] Means 1 is a blanket-core 2-region breeder reactor. The blanket-core 2-region breeder reactor consists of a core region made of a cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) coated with stainless steel, a blanket region made of a donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) of deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal coated with stainless steel, and a stainless steel cylindrical shielding container (2000) covering the periphery of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). A heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is made to flow inside the cylindrical shielding container (2000). Output control is performed by moving the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) in and out of the hollow part of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). The U-Pu-MA mixed metal is produced from the accumulated spent MOX nuclear fuel of light water reactors and fast breeder reactors. In particular, MOX taken from the upper part of the nuclear fuel assembly of a boiling water reactor is processed into metal nuclear fuel. The heavy noble gas is a noble gas excluding helium. There are xenon, argon, krypton, and xenon. It has a lower neutron moderation effect compared to helium (Patent Document 2). Although there are those that have been activated (activated by cosmic rays) among argon, xenon, and krypton, they have existed around residences since ancient times. They have been used in part of the ignition device of a jet aircraft. The loss of the ignition device due to an accident once became a problem but disappeared without notice. Noble gases are chemically inert and do not pose a major problem even if they leak to the outside world. They will diffuse and dilute in the atmosphere. Even if freshly activated noble gases are immediately inhaled, they will not stay in the body. It can be confusing when noble gases and general gases that are not noble gases are described as being mixed. Often, even if it is once picked up by the media to the extent of "again?", it will disappear before you know it. Somehow, doctors show up. Nuclear power-related personnel must not ignore freelance journalists who are selling articles. It is important to listen to their opinions. Newspapers have a science section, and in the past, experts there would mention it. It is necessary to cooperate in filling the newspaper pages. There are, for example, Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4 for nuclear reactors with simple structures. [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-131719 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-189696 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-148573

[0005] When it is difficult to obtain U-Pu-MA mixed metal, a mixed proton beam is used. A mixed proton beam is created by an accelerator laid outside, and the beam is irradiated onto a doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000). When U is nuclear-fissioned, a large number of low-speed neutrons are generated. The low-speed neutrons collide with U238 and are converted into Pu.

[0006] Means 2 is a plutonium metal production reactor. In the blanket-core 2-region breeding nuclear reactor of Means 1, it consists of a flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped used MOX nuclear fuel for a light water reactor (5100) coated with stainless steel, a lidless square tubular blanket metal (5111) made of deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal coated with stainless steel, and a stainless steel shield (6000) covering the outer periphery of the flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped used MOX nuclear fuel for a light water reactor (5100). A heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is made to flow inside the shield (6000). The movable flattened rectangular parallelepiped spent MOX nuclear fuel (5100) for a light water reactor is inserted into and removed from the hollow part of the lidless square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111) for output control.

Advantages of the Invention

[0007] Since the structure is simple, reduction of manufacturing and construction costs can be expected. Since a substance for slowing down fast neutrons generated by nuclear fission is not used, high breeding can be expected. In a current light water-cooled nuclear reactor using light water as a coolant, the hydrogen component constituting the light water slows down the neutron speed. When a low-speed neutron collides with a fissile nuclear fuel material, generally, the neutron fission cross-section of the fissile nuclear fuel material < the neutron capture cross-section, so breeding cannot be expected. On the other hand, when a fast neutron collides with a fissile nuclear fuel material, generally, the neutron fission cross-section of the fissile nuclear fuel material > the neutron capture cross-section, so breeding can be expected. Excess neutrons are generated. A non-fissile nuclear fuel material such as U238 absorbs the excess neutrons and is converted into a fissile nuclear fuel material such as Pu239, thereby breeding the fissile nuclear fuel material. Neutrons leaking from the cylindrical Pu-U-MA mixed metal (100) to the outer peripheral doughnut-shaped blanket reservoir (1000) are absorbed by a non-fissile nuclear fuel material such as U238 in the blanket, thereby breeding a fissile nuclear fuel material such as Pu239.

Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0008] An atomic reactor has been provided that can annihilate accumulated spent nuclear fuel and deteriorated uranium by nuclear combustion and supply the heat generated in the process of nuclear combustion annihilation for power generation.

Example 1

[0009] Example 1 is a blanket-core two-region breeding nuclear reactor. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a blanket-core two-region breeding nuclear reactor. At the start of operation, the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) is inserted to the back of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) using the operating rod (12). Neutrons leaking from the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) to the outside are suppressed as much as possible. The back end of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) is the cylindrical back blanket metal (1090). The Pu enrichment of the U-Pu-MA mixed metal should be made as low as possible. MA (neptunium (Np), Pu, a very small amount of americium (Am), and curium (Cm)) has a larger neutron fission cross-section than U238. The conversion ratio from U238 to Pu is increased to enhance breeding as much as possible even in the core region. As combustion progresses, the Pu enrichment increases, so the fission reaction becomes active. To suppress the excessive fission reaction, the operating rod (12) is operated by the electric motor (11) to pull out the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) from the back of the hollow part of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) to the front. Then, the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) on the operating rod (12) side will be covered by the donut-shaped absorber (1100) at the end of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). Neutrons generated in the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) part on the operating rod (12) side leak to and are absorbed by the donut-shaped absorber (1100). A cylindrical shielding and blanket (3100) made of blanket metal is interposed between the operating rod (12) and the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) to suppress the leakage of neutrons in the axial direction of the hollow part of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). Since U238 absorbs neutrons, it is also a neutron shield. The U238 in the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) absorbs neutrons leaking from the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) and undergoes some fission, but mostly converts to Pu. As combustion progresses, Pu accumulates. It breeds. The fission reaction also increases. A donut-shaped absorber (1100) (a stainless steel container containing stainless steel, hafnium oxide, and tungsten oxide) is fixed to the end of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). U238 is also a neutron shield that absorbs neutrons. Therefore, it also serves to reduce the thickness of the cylindrical shielding container (2000) described below. The cylindrical shielding container (2000) absorbs neutrons and gamma rays that leak beyond the doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000) to prevent external radiation disasters. Neutron absorbers such as hafnium oxide and tungsten oxide may be added to the material of the cylindrical shielding container (2000). Since hafnium and tungsten metals are expensive, relatively inexpensive oxides are used. Note that the addition of boron agents is not preferred. Helium produced by the decay of boron weakens stainless steel. However, the outer periphery of the cylindrical shielding container (2000) may be covered with boron-related materials (boron-added stainless steel or boron carbide). Although hydrogen has a great effect on slowing down neutrons, the resulting slow neutrons are not preferred because they activate various substances. One end of the cylindrical shielding container (2000) is a detachable shielding block (2100) for pulling out the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) to the outside for replacing the doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000). The contact parts of the above-mentioned equipment and containers are filled or stacked with shielding clay (1200) for radiation shielding. Filling with borax or the like increases the shielding effect. A gas turbine is suitable for power generation. Cold cryogenic heavy rare gas from the gas turbine enters the space inside the cylindrical shielding container (2000) through the cryogenic heavy rare gas pipe (3010). The cryogenic heavy rare gas is a heavy rare gas coolant that transfers the generated heat and becomes a high-temperature heavy rare gas and goes to the gas turbine from the high-temperature heavy rare gas pipe (3020). The combustion of the used cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) and doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000) has progressed and the Pu-MA ratio has increased. These are simply reprocessed and supplied to a newly constructed nuclear reactor as the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) of the newly constructed nuclear reactor. On the other hand, after the removed used cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100), a newly manufactured cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) newly manufactured from the accumulated used MOX nuclear fuel of a light water reactor or a fast breeder reactor is laid. The number of nuclear reactors increases rapidly. The cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) may be substituted with low-enriched uranium metal.

[0010] There is a risk that reprocessing may lead to a situation where it is difficult to obtain U-Pu-MA mixed metal politically and technically. Furthermore, there is also a risk of a situation where it is difficult to obtain low-enriched uranium metal. Using nuclear fragmentation technology with an accelerator, U238 is fragmented with a mixed proton beam to generate a large amount of neutrons. Most of the neutrons are considered to be low-speed neutrons. When low-speed neutrons are absorbed by U238, they are converted to Pu. Replace the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) in Figure 1 with a mixed proton beam tube. Create a mixed proton beam with an externally installed accelerator and irradiate the beam onto the doughnut-shaped blanket metal (1000).

Example 2

[0011] Example 2 is a plutonium metal production reactor. Figure 2 is an overview of the plutonium metal production reactor. It consists of a flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent MOX nuclear fuel from a light water reactor (5100) coated with stainless steel, an open-ended square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111) made of deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal coated with stainless steel, and a stainless steel shield (6000) that covers the outer periphery of the flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent MOX nuclear fuel from a light water reactor (5100). A heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is made to flow inside the shield (6000). Output control is performed by moving the flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent MOX nuclear fuel from a light water reactor (5100) in and out of the hollow part of the open-ended square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111). Power generation can be achieved by installing a gas turbine. A rectangular parallelepiped-shaped shielding and blanket metal (3200) coated with stainless steel is interposed between the control rod (12) and the flat can-shaped flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent MOX nuclear fuel from a light water reactor (5100). An absorber (5200) (a stainless steel flat can containing stainless steel, hafnium oxide, or tungsten oxide) is fixed to the end of the open-ended square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111). Since it is a perspective view, the front and back sides of the lidless rectangular tube-shaped blanket metal (5111) are drawn as transparent, but in reality, the front and back sides are also the stainless-steel sides that enclose the blanket metal. The back part is the back side of the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped blanket metal (5090).

[0012] The flattened rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent MOX nuclear fuel for a light water reactor (5100) is one of the spent MOX nuclear fuels with a large amount of enriched uranium, Pu, and MA components, bringing the large parts. Since the upper part of a boiling water reactor has a high void fraction, Pu is relatively abundant. If there is a lot of Pu, MA, which is easily generated from Pu, is also abundant. Since U235 is difficult to burn when the void fraction is high, it remains. If there is no deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal, it is replaced with the spent MOX nuclear fuel with a small amount of enriched uranium, Pu, and MA components among the spent MOX nuclear fuels. The spent MOX nuclear fuel that has been sufficiently burned in a pressurized water reactor is suitable.

Industrial Applicability

[0013] It is difficult to obtain U-Pu-MA mixed metal and low-enriched uranium metal, and moreover, it cannot be said for sure that there will never be a situation where the sea lanes are blocked due to international disputes and the economic power to import fossil fuels is lost. Even among allied countries, it depends on the domestic and international situations of each country. It cannot be said for sure that there will never be a situation where the weather is unfavorable, there is almost no sunny day, solar power generation is low, and there are too many typhoons, forcing the wind turbines to stop and wind power generation to decrease. Natural phenomena and social phenomena cannot escape the power-law measurement. Unfavorable situations do not become zero. Even if it is said to be unexpected, ordinary people will not be convinced. However, there is spent MOX nuclear fuel in Japan. Although it seems that the deteriorated uranium bombs for blankets can be stockpiled as a substitute for expensive tungsten bombs with the approval of more than half of the Diet, the chivalrous hearts of the back rooms of large private companies and think tanks cannot be expected. Even in that war that broke out due to the food crisis caused by international bargaining and meteorological disasters, the common people survived. There was relatively enough food in the rural areas, but the cities were miserable due to the disruption of distribution. Fortunately, due to the Cold War, the crisis was overcome in a relatively short period. The Higashikuni Palace Cabinet managed well and brought profits to many enterprises at that time. Thinking that luck always comes is being too naive. It's just right that the politicians and bureaucrats are unreliable. It seems that even before the war, the major ministers and major military bureaucrats were connected by marriage to the big zaibatsu. The army general who had a conversation with Kikuchi Kan and Akutagawa Ryunosuke said that the army (organization) would not recognize retreat and wanted a title with a lifelong guarantee. The naval officers who did not want war with the United States were caught in a German honey trap and supported the war. The US president is a term-limited dictator, and Tojo Hideki had almost no power.

Brief Explanation of the Drawings

[0014]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Explanation of Symbols

[0015] 11 is an electric motor 12 is a control rod 100 is a cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal 1000 is a donut-shaped blanket metal 1090 is a cylindrical back blanket metal 1100 is a donut-shaped absorber 1200 is shielding clay 2000 is a cylindrical shielding container 2100 is a removable shielding block 3000 is a heavy noble gas coolant 3010 is a low-temperature heavy noble gas pipe 3020 is a high-temperature heavy noble gas pipe 3100 is a cylindrical shielding and blanket 3200 is a rectangular shielding and blanket 5090 is the back side of the rectangular blanket metal 5100 is a flat rectangular light water reactor used MOX nuclear fuel 5111 is an open-top square tube-shaped blanket metal 5200 is an absorber 6000 is a shield

Claims

1. The blanket-core two-region breeder reactor consists of a core region made of a cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) coated with stainless steel, a blanket region made of a donut-shaped blanket metal (1000) of deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal coated with stainless steel, and a stainless steel cylindrical shielding container (2000) covering the periphery of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000). A heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is made to flow inside the cylindrical shielding container (2000). The blanket-core two-region breeder reactor is characterized in that the output is controlled by moving the cylindrical U-Pu-MA mixed metal (100) in and out of the hollow part of the donut-shaped blanket metal (1000).

2. In the blanket-core two-region breeder reactor of Claim 1, it consists of a flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent light water reactor MOX nuclear fuel (5100) coated with stainless steel, an open-top square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111) of deteriorated uranium or natural uranium metal coated with stainless steel, and a stainless steel shielding body (6000) covering the outer periphery of the flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent light water reactor MOX nuclear fuel (5100). A heavy noble gas coolant (3000) is made to flow inside the shielding body (6000). The plutonium metal production reactor is characterized in that the output is controlled by moving the flat rectangular parallelepiped-shaped spent light water reactor MOX nuclear fuel (5100) in and out of the hollow part of the open-top square tube-shaped blanket metal (5111).

Images