Piping member

Abstract

To provide a piping member capable of improving the flow rate while downsizing.SOLUTION: A piping member 10I constitutes at least part of a piping system for transporting fluids with a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater, which includes a straight pipe 32I that has a first end 32a and a second end 32b and a projection member 6I that is placed at the first end 32a side in the straight pipe 32I for partially reducing the cross-sectional area of the straight pipe 32I. Defining the length of the projection member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is L[m], the length of the straight pipe 32I is at least L and not more than 4 m. Defining the inner diameter of the straight pipe 32I is d, 20 mm≤d≤160 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 30

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a piping member. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon gutter system. The siphon gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a siphon generating section that has a cylindrical section penetrating a water collection port formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter and that generates a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed downstream of the siphon gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe section and receiving ports provided on both ends of the curved pipe section. When viewed in cross section on a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe section, the radius of curvature of the inner wall surface on the inner periphery of the curved pipe section is greater than 64 mm and less than 100 mm. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-120068 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is expected to improve the flow rate, but the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a piping member that can improve flow rate while enabling miniaturization. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A piping system according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a piping member constituting at least a part of a piping system for transporting a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, a straight pipe having a first end and a second end; a protrusion member disposed on the first end side of the straight pipe to partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe; Equipped with When the length of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L [m], the length of the straight pipe is equal to or greater than L and equal to or less than 4 m, If the inner diameter of the straight pipe is d, then 20 mm≦d≦160 mm. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure can improve flow rates while allowing for compactness. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a first embodiment [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 3] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a second elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a downstream portion of a second elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a downstream portion of a second elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 6] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion downstream of a second elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment; [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is an exploded cross-sectional view of a downstream portion of a second elbow of a piping system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 8] Cross section of line AA in Figure 7 [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a protrusion member and a first straight pipe portion according to a first embodiment; [Figure 10] 1 is a side view of a protrusion member and a first straight pipe portion according to a first embodiment; [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a protrusion member and a first straight pipe portion according to a first embodiment; [Figure 12] 1 is a bottom view of a protrusion member and a first straight pipe portion according to the first embodiment; [Figure 13]Cross section of line BB in Figure 11 [Figure 14] A perspective cross-sectional view taken along line CC in Figure 11 [Figure 15] Cross section of line DD in Figure 13 [Figure 16] 1 is a diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in a piping system of a comparative example. [Figure 17] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a second embodiment [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion upstream of a second elbow of a piping system according to a second embodiment; [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an upstream portion of a second elbow of a piping system according to a second embodiment. [Figure 20] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a third embodiment [Figure 21] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a fourth embodiment [Figure 22] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a fifth embodiment [Figure 23] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a sixth embodiment [Figure 24] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a seventh embodiment [Figure 25] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to an eighth embodiment [Figure 26] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a ninth embodiment [Figure 27] Schematic diagram of a piping system according to a tenth embodiment [Figure 28] FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a piping member of a piping system according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 29] 13 is an exploded perspective view of a piping member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 30] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a piping member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 31] Enlarged view of P1 in Figure 30 [Figure 32] Cross section of line AA in Figure 30 [Figure 33] 10 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional view of a piping member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 34] FIG. 19 is a plan view of a piping member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 35] 10 is a bottom view of a piping member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 36] Cross section of Figure 32 along line XX [Figure 37] XI-XI line cross section of Figure 32 [Figure 38] Cross section of Figure 32, line XII-XII [Figure 39] Cross section of line XIII-XIII in Figure 32 [Figure 40] FIG. 23 is a view of the protruding member of the piping member according to the tenth embodiment, viewed from the second surface. [Figure 41] FIG. 23 is a view of the protruding member of the piping member according to the tenth embodiment, viewed from the first surface. [Figure 42] FIG. 23 is a view of the protruding member of the piping member according to the tenth embodiment, viewed from the first end. [Figure 43] FIG. 23 is a view of the protruding member of the piping member according to the tenth embodiment, viewed from the second end. [Figure 44] 13 is an exploded perspective view of a protruding member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 45] FIG. 23 is another exploded perspective view of the protrusion member according to the tenth embodiment. [Figure 46] FIG. 23 is a side view of a first portion of the protrusion member according to the tenth embodiment; [Figure 47] FIG. 23 is a side view of a second portion of the protruding member according to the tenth embodiment; [Figure 48] 13 is a cross-sectional view of a protruding member according to a tenth embodiment. [Figure 49] 10th embodiment of the present invention is a diagram illustrating the attachment of a protruding member [Figure 50] An explanatory diagram of the installation of the piping member according to the tenth embodiment. [Figure 51] Comparison diagram of the protrusion member according to the tenth embodiment and the basic shape [Figure 52] Graph showing change in pressure loss due to protrusion members according to the tenth embodiment compared to the basic shape [Figure 53] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a portion downstream of a second elbow of a piping system according to a modified example; [Figure 54] 10 is a cross-sectional view of a downstream portion of a second elbow of a piping system according to another modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed description of already well-known matters or redundant description of substantially identical configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Note that the inventor(s) provide the accompanying drawings and the following description to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0010] Unless otherwise specified, the positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. Each drawing described in the following embodiments is a schematic drawing, and the ratios of the size and thickness of each component in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Furthermore, the dimensional ratios of each component are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0011] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are added to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the symbols attached to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of readability of the text.

[0012] [1. Embodiment] 1.1 First Embodiment [1.1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1 according to a first embodiment. The piping system 1 is used to transport a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater. A fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater is considered to be a fluid whose flow within a cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of such fluids include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, wastewater, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flow (a mixture of liquid and gas). In this embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a rain gutter system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of a building 11 and channels it to a manhole 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 forms a rainwater flow path. The rainwater collected in the manhole 21 flows from the manhole 21 through an underground pipe 22 and into a storm sewer. The building 11 may be, for example, a non-residential facility such as a store, office, factory, building, school, welfare facility, or hospital, or a residential facility such as a detached house, an apartment building, or each dwelling unit of a detached house or apartment building. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, public halls, amusement parks, complexes, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping malls, stations, and airports.

[0013] The piping system 1 includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0014] The eaves gutter 2 collects rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The eaves gutter 2 is installed under the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged at the eaves edge of the roof 11a. In particular, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged so as to extend along the eaves edge of the roof 11a. The eaves gutter 2 is shaped like a long bucket. The eaves gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. An inlet 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a depending on the overall design of the piping system 1. The inlet 2b is, for example, a circular opening. In a rain gutter system, the inlet 2b is also referred to as a water collection inlet, a drain outlet, or a drop outlet. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The eaves gutter 2 may include a core material to reinforce the overall strength of the eaves gutter 2. The core material may be made of, for example, metal. As another example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed from a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0015] The drain 7 is disposed at the inlet 2b of the eaves gutter 2. The drain 7 reduces the generation of vortices and the entrainment of air at the inlet 2b. The drain 7 may contribute to the generation of the siphoning phenomenon. The drain 7 may have a known configuration.

[0016] In the piping system 1, the vertical pipe 3 is not directly connected to the inlet 2b, but is connected to the inlet 2b via the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 51, and the second elbow 52.

[0017] The standpipe 3 defines a vertical flow path. The standpipe 3 is fixed to the wall 11b of the building 11. In a gutter system, the standpipe 3 is also called a downspout. The standpipe 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the inlet 2b. The standpipe 3 allows rainwater from the inlet 2b to flow vertically. The standpipe 3 is straight. A cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is circular. The standpipe 3 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The standpipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the standpipe 3 that is connected to the inlet 2b (the upper end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 3b is the end of the standpipe 3 that is inserted into the manhole 21 (the lower end in FIG. 1). In FIG. 1, a pipe cover 30 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through a gap between the upright pipe 3 and the manhole 21.

[0018] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path that intersects the vertical direction. In a gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a call gutter. The horizontal pipe 4 is a part that allows rainwater from the building 11 to flow from the inlet 2b to the standpipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the inlet 2b for rainwater from the building 11 and the standpipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is a straight pipe. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is circular. The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed so that the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined relative to the up-down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the inlet 2b (the left end in Figure 1). The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the standpipe 3 (the right end in Figure 1).

[0019] As an example, the material of the standpipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the standpipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0020] Table 1 shows an example of the nominal diameter of VP rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe in the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) in JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." In Table 1, the units for the outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are in mm.

[0021] [Table 1]

[0022] Table 2 shows an example of the nominal diameter of VU rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe in the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." In Table 2, the units of outer diameter (standard dimension), thickness (minimum dimension), and approximate inner diameter are in mm.

[0023] [Table 2]

[0024] The first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 change the direction of the flow path. The first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 are joints that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe.

[0025] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first elbow 51. The first elbow 51 has a curved pipe portion (bent portion) 510 and sockets 511, 512. The curved pipe portion 510 and the sockets 511, 512 are formed as a continuous, integrated unit. The material of the first elbow 51, that is, the material of the curved pipe portion 510, is rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0026] The curved pipe portion 510 has openings 511a and 512a at both ends. The curved pipe portion 510 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) A51 of the curved pipe portion 510 is curved rather than linear. In other words, the curved pipe portion 510 has a curved pipe axis A51. The pipe axis A51 of the curved pipe portion 510 defines the pipe axis of the first elbow 51.

[0027] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first elbow 51 taken along a plane including the pipe axis A51 of the curved pipe portion 510. The inner diameter of the curved pipe portion 510 of the first elbow 51 in Figure 2 is approximately uniform. In Figure 2, R51 indicates the radius of curvature of the pipe axis A51. The radius of curvature R51 of the pipe axis A51 defines the radius of curvature of the first elbow 51. O51 indicates the center of the circle that defines the radius of curvature R51.

[0028] 2, θ51 indicates the angle between center lines C511 and C512 of openings 511a and 512a at both ends of first elbow 51 in a cross section taken along a plane including pipe axis A51 of first elbow 51. θ51 is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage."

[0029] In FIG. 2, δ51 is the diameter [mm] of openings 511a, 512a of curved pipe portion 510. δ51 may be determined taking into consideration the target drainage capacity of piping system 1, etc. δ51 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage." δ51 may be set, for example, to satisfy the standard dimensions of the nominal diameter specified in JIS K 6739. According to JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage," when the nominal diameter is 75 mm, 100 mm, or 125 mm, the standard dimensions are 77.2 mm, 98.8 mm, and 125 mm.

[0030] 2, in a cross section of the first elbow 51 taken on a plane including the pipe axis A51, the curved pipe section 510 has an inner surface 510a on the inner circumferential side and an inner surface 510b on the outer circumferential side. The inner surfaces 510a, 510b are curved as a whole. Here, in a cross section of the first elbow 51 taken on a plane including the pipe axis A51, the radius of curvature of the inner surface 510a is greater than 54 mm and less than 125 mm.

[0031] The sockets 511 and 512 are provided at both ends of the curved pipe portion 510. The sockets 511 and 512 are provided to connect piping members to the first elbow 51. In this embodiment, the socket 511 is connected to the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4, and the socket 512 is connected to the drain 7. The sockets 511 and 512 are cylindrical and surround the openings 511a and 512a of the curved pipe portion 510, respectively. In FIG. 2, the sockets 511 and 512 have the same shape.

[0032] 2 shows D51, d51, and l51 as dimensions of the socket 511 of the first elbow 51. l51 is the length of the socket 511 (or the length of the socket 512) in a cross section taken along a plane including the pipe axis A51 of the curved pipe portion 510. D51 is the outer diameter [mm] of the socket 511 (or the socket 512). d51 is the inner diameter [mm] of the socket 511 (or the socket 512). The dimensions D51, d51, and l51 of the first elbow 51 may be set in accordance with, for example, the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage."

[0033] 3 is a cross-sectional view of second elbow 52. Second elbow 52 has curved pipe portion (bent portion) 520 and sockets 521, 522. Curved pipe portion 520 and sockets 521, 522 are formed as a continuous, integrated unit. The material of second elbow 52, ​​i.e., the material of curved pipe portion 520, is rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0034] The curved pipe portion 520 has openings 521a and 522a at both ends. The curved pipe portion 520 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) A52 of the curved pipe portion 520 is curved rather than linear. In other words, the curved pipe portion 520 has a curved pipe axis A52. The pipe axis A52 of the curved pipe portion 520 defines the pipe axis of the second elbow 52.

[0035] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the second elbow 52 taken along a plane including the pipe axis A52 of the curved pipe portion 520. The inner diameter of the curved pipe portion 520 of the second elbow 52 in Figure 3 is approximately uniform. In Figure 3, R52 indicates the radius of curvature of the pipe axis A52. The radius of curvature R52 of the pipe axis A52 defines the radius of curvature of the second elbow 52. O52 indicates the center of the circle that defines the radius of curvature R52.

[0036] 3, θ52 indicates the angle between center lines C521, C522 of openings 521a, 522a at both ends of second elbow 52 in a cross section taken along a plane including pipe axis A52 of second elbow 52. θ52 is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage."

[0037] In FIG. 3, δ52 is the diameter [mm] of openings 521a, 522a of curved pipe portion 520. δ52 may be determined taking into consideration the target drainage capacity of piping system 1, etc. δ52 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage." δ52 may be set, for example, to satisfy the standard dimensions of the nominal diameter specified in JIS K 6739. According to JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage," when the nominal diameter is 75 mm, 100 mm, or 125 mm, the standard dimensions are 77.2 mm, 98.8 mm, and 125 mm.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 3, in a cross section of the second elbow 52 taken along a plane including the pipe axis A52, the curved pipe portion 520 has an inner surface 520a on the inner circumferential side and an inner surface 520b on the outer circumferential side. The inner surface 520a has a corner 520c. The corner 520c is located in an intermediate portion of the inner surface 520a between the openings 521a and 522a. The corner 520c has an R-shape. In a cross section of the second elbow 52 taken along a plane including the pipe axis A52, the radius of curvature of the corner 520c is 0 mm or more and 54 mm or less, preferably 0 mm or more and 2 mm or less. The inner surface 520b does not have a corner like the corner 520c. The inner surface 520b is curved overall.

[0039] The sockets 521 and 522 are provided at both ends of the curved pipe portion 520. The sockets 521 and 522 are provided to connect piping members to the second elbow 52. In this embodiment, the socket 521 is connected to the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3, and the socket 522 is connected to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4. The sockets 521 and 522 are cylindrical and surround the openings 521a and 522a of the curved pipe portion 520, respectively. In FIG. 3, the sockets 521 and 522 have the same shape.

[0040] 3 shows D52, d52, and l52 as dimensions of the socket 521 of the second elbow 52. l52 is the length of the socket 521 (or the length of the socket 522) in a cross section taken along a plane including the pipe axis A52 of the curved pipe portion 520. D52 is the outer diameter [mm] of the socket 521 (or the socket 522). d52 is the inner diameter [mm] of the socket 521 (or the socket 522). The dimensions D52, d52, and l52 of the second elbow 52 may be set in accordance with, for example, JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage" standard.

[0041] In this embodiment, the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 correspond to the same nominal diameter. An angle θ51 between center lines C511, C512 of openings 511a, 512a at both ends of the first elbow 51 in a cross section taken on a plane including the pipe axis A51 of the first elbow 51 is equal to an angle θ52 between center lines C521, C522 of openings 521a, 522a at both ends of the second elbow 52 in a cross section taken on a plane including the pipe axis A52 of the second elbow 52. On the other hand, a radius of curvature R52 of the second elbow 52 is smaller than the radius of curvature R51 of the first elbow 51. Thus, the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 have different shapes.

[0042] In this embodiment, the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 are 90° elbows. In this case, the distance between the inlet 2b and the standpipe 3 in the horizontal direction can be increased while shortening the length of the horizontal pipe 4. In particular, the first elbow 51 is a 90° large bend elbow (so-called LL) defined in JIS K 6739. The second elbow 52 is a 90° elbow (so-called DL) defined in JIS K 6739. The 90° elbow defined in JIS K 6739 is smaller and has better designability than the 90° large bend elbow defined in JIS K 6739. Therefore, the designability of the exterior of the piping system 1 can be improved. The piping system 1 can be made less noticeable relative to the building 11. Pipe materials of a common standard can be used for the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52, ​​making it easier to install the piping system 1.

[0043] The piping system 1 includes a first elbow 51 and a second elbow 52. The direction of the flow path changes in each of the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52. When the direction of the flow path changes, pressure loss due to separation can be a factor in a decrease in flow rate. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature R52 of the second elbow 52 is smaller than the radius of curvature R51 of the first elbow 51. Therefore, the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52 tends to be larger than the pressure loss caused by the first elbow 51. In order to reduce the decrease in flow rate due to the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52, ​​a protrusion member 6 is provided.

[0044] 1, the protruding member 6 is located downstream of the second elbow 52. More specifically, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 within the standpipe 3, which is the straight pipe section downstream of the second elbow 52, ​​and is used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3.

[0045] Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1. Fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1. Fig. 7 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1. Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Fig. 7.

[0046] In this embodiment, the vertical pipe 3 is made up of a plurality of pipe materials. The vertical pipe 3 includes a first straight pipe portion 31 and a second straight pipe portion 32.

[0047] The first straight pipe portion 31 is directly connected to the downstream side of the second elbow 52. Therefore, the first straight pipe portion 31 is an upstream portion of the vertical pipe 3.

[0048] The first straight pipe section 31 has a main body section 311 and a socket 312 .

[0049] The main body 311 has a straight pipe shape. As shown in Fig. 7, the main body 311 has openings 311a and 311b at a first end (upper end in Fig. 7) and a second end (lower end in Fig. 7), respectively. In the vertical pipe 3, the first end of the first straight pipe section 31 defines the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3.

[0050] The socket 312 is provided at the second end of the main body 311. The socket 312 is provided to connect the second straight pipe section 32 to the first straight pipe section 31. The socket 312 is cylindrical and surrounds the opening 311b of the main body 311.

[0051] The second straight pipe section 32 is connected to the downstream side of the first straight pipe section 31. Therefore, the second straight pipe section 32 is the downstream part of the standpipe 3. The second straight pipe section 32 has a straight pipe shape. A first end (upper end in FIG. 1) of the second straight pipe section 32 is connected to the socket 312 of the first straight pipe section 31. A second end (lower end in FIG. 1) of the second straight pipe section 32 defines the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The second end of the second straight pipe section 32 becomes the downstream opening point 3c of the standpipe 3 (see FIG. 1).

[0052] In the vertical pipe 3, the main body 311 of the first straight pipe portion 31 and the second straight pipe portion 32 have the same inner diameter. The inner diameters of the main body 311 of the first straight pipe portion 31 and the second straight pipe portion 32 define the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3.

[0053] In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is formed integrally with the first straight pipe portion 31. The protruding member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31 will be further described below.

[0054] 9 to 15 show the protrusion member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the protrusion member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31. FIG. 10 is a side view of the protrusion member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31. FIG. 11 is a plan view of the protrusion member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31. FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the protrusion member 6 and the first straight pipe portion 31. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 11. FIG. 14 is a perspective cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 11. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. 13.

[0055] As shown in Figures 6, 8, and 13, the protrusion member 6 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are both ends of the protrusion member 6 in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the protrusion member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the standpipe 3. The flow direction of the fluid in the standpipe 3 coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The first end 6a is closer to the second elbow 52 than the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the first end 6a is the upstream end, and the second end 6b is the downstream end.

[0056] In a plane passing through the central axes C521, C522 of the openings 521a, 522a of the second elbow 52, ​​the surface of the protrusion member 6 has a curved shape that protrudes from the first wall surface 31b toward the second wall surface 31c. The height of the protrusion member 6 varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6 has an apex 6e between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The apex 6e is the highest part of the protrusion member 6. The height of the protrusion member 6 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the apex 6e. The height of the protrusion member 6 decreases monotonically from the apex 6e toward the second end 6b. The protrusion member 6 minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 at the apex 6e.

[0057] 11, 12 and 15. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, the protruding member 6 has a shape in which the center is recessed more than the both sides, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0058] From another perspective, it is sufficient that the protruding member 6 has a shape that protrudes from the inner periphery toward the outer periphery of the second elbow 52 so as to produce the Coanda effect in the straight pipe section (first straight pipe section 31) on the downstream side of the second elbow 52. In other words, it is sufficient that the protruding member 6 has a shape that produces the Coanda effect in the straight pipe section (first straight pipe section 31) on the downstream side of the second elbow 52. This makes it possible to improve the flow rate while making the device more compact.

[0059] The protruding member 6 is provided on the first straight pipe section 31 of the vertical pipe 3. More specifically, the protruding member 6 is provided on the first straight pipe section 31 so as to protrude from a first wall surface 31b on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 in the first straight pipe section 31 to a second wall surface 31c on the outer circumferential side of the second elbow 52 in the first straight pipe section 31. Here, the first wall surface 31b is a portion of the inner circumferential surface 31a of the first straight pipe section 31 on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 (for example, half of the portion on the inner circumferential side). The second wall surface 31c is a portion of the inner circumferential surface 31a of the first straight pipe section 31 on the outer circumferential side of the second elbow 52 (for example, half of the portion on the outer circumferential side). The inner circumferential surface 31a of the first straight pipe section 31 is composed of the first wall surface 31b and the second wall surface 31c.

[0060] In this way, by providing the protruding member 6 on the first straight pipe section 31 of the standpipe 3, a reduced region P where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping system 1 is smaller than the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 exists downstream of the second elbow 52 between the corner 520c on the inner periphery side of the second elbow 52 and the opening 311b of the first straight pipe section 31. The reduced region P is the region of the standpipe 3 where the protruding member 6 exists.

[0061] 9 and 10, the first end 6a of the protruding member 6 protrudes to the outside from the opening 311a of the first straight pipe section 31. Therefore, when the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 31 are connected, as shown in FIG. 6, the first end 6a of the protruding member 6 protrudes from the opening 521a into the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52 and covers a part of the inner surface 520a of the curved pipe section 520. In other words, the protruding member 6 does not necessarily have to be contained within the first straight pipe section 31, and the first end 6a of the protruding member 6 may extend from the first straight pipe section 31 into the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52. In this way, when the first end 6a of the protruding member 6 is located within the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52, ​​it is preferable that the first end 6a of the protruding member 6 coincides with the corner 520c of the inner surface 520a of the curved pipe section 520. In this way, the protruding member 6 is present across the curved pipe portion 520 of the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe portion 31, so it is possible to smoothly connect the inner surface 520a of the curved pipe portion 520 of the second elbow 52 to the first wall surface 31b of the inner circumferential surface 31a of the first straight pipe portion 31. This can reduce the effect of a step that may occur at the boundary between the curved pipe portion 520 of the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe portion 31.

[0062] As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 , the first straight pipe section 31 further has markings 313. The markings 313 indicate information regarding the assembly of the first straight pipe section 31. In this embodiment, the markings 313 indicate the direction in which the first straight pipe section 31 is connected to the second elbow 52. The markings 313 in FIG. 9 are arrows indicating the direction in which the first straight pipe section 31 is connected to the second elbow 52. In FIGS. 9 to 11 , four markings 313 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the upstream end of the first straight pipe section 31. The markings 313 may be letters, figures, symbols, three-dimensional shapes, colors, or combinations thereof that are recognizable by human perception. In this embodiment, the markings 313 are located on the outer peripheral surface of the first straight pipe section 31 so as not to be hidden by the socket 521 of the second elbow 52 when the first straight pipe section 31 is connected to the second elbow 52. However, the mark 313 may be located at a position on the outer circumferential surface of the first straight pipe section 31 that is hidden by the socket 521 of the second elbow 52 when the first straight pipe section 31 is connected to the second elbow 52 .

[0063] As described above, by providing the protrusion member 6 to the first straight pipe section 31, a reduced area P where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3 is smaller than that of the opening 311b exists between the corner 520c of the second elbow 52 and the opening 311b.

[0064] Next, the function of the protruding member 6 will be described.

[0065] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a simulation of pressure distribution when water flows through a piping system 100 of a comparative example. The piping system 100 of the comparative example differs from the piping system 1 in that it does not have a protruding member 6. In FIG. 16, darker colors indicate lower pressure. In particular, pressure loss is large at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 16, and the presence of such a portion with high pressure loss can be a major factor in reducing the flow rate. The pressure loss at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 16 is thought to be caused by separation. This separation occurs when water separates from the first wall surface 31b of the standpipe 3 downstream of the corner 520c of the second elbow 52. That is, as indicated by arrow F in FIG. 16, water flowing in from the upstream side initially flows along the pipe wall 200, but after the corner 520c of the second elbow 52, ​​it may separate from the first wall surface 31b of the standpipe 3. This separation is particularly noticeable when the water flow velocity is high. The faster the flow velocity, the wider the area where pressure loss occurs.

[0066] In the piping system 1, the flow path direction changes significantly at the second elbow 52, ​​and pressure loss due to separation can contribute to a decrease in flow rate. The protruding member 6 is located at the end of the standpipe 3 on the second elbow 52 side (upstream end 3a). In particular, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumferential side of the standpipe 3 (left side in FIG. 1 ) of the second elbow 52. The apex 6e of the protruding member 6 is closer to the first end 6a than to the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the second elbow 52 than to the second end 6b. The protruding member 6 generates a fluid flow from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. The presence of the protruding member 6 is expected to (1) make it easier for the fluid to flow along the pipe wall than in the absence of the protruding member 6, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52, ​​thereby improving the flow rate. The piping system 1 can be made smaller in size simply by providing the protruding member 6, because the radius of curvature of the second elbow 52 can be made smaller than the radius of curvature of the first elbow 51. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling size reduction. The protruding member 6 is located inside the standpipe 3, and is therefore inconspicuous when viewed as the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0067] Next, an example of the dimensions of the piping system 1 will be described.

[0068] See Figures 6 and 8. In the standpipe 3, the inner diameter of the flow path is the diameter of the standpipe 3, and the direction of the flow path is the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The diameter of the standpipe 3 is d, and the length of the protruding member 6 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is L. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0069] 6 and 8, the apex 6e of the protruding member 6 is the portion of the reduced portion P where the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is smallest. The distance between the corner 520c of the second elbow 52 and the apex 6e in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is defined as D1. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that 0≦D1≦0.5d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0070] In FIG. 8, the distance between the top 6e and the downstream end (second end 6b) in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is defined as D3. D3=L-D1. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that D3>D1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0071] 11 and 13 , the distance between the top 6e and the second wall surface 31c on a plane passing through the central axes C521, C522 of the sockets 521, 522 of the second elbow 52 is defined as D2. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that 0.60d≦D2≦0.95d. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. Here, the height of the protruding member 6 at the top 6e is defined as H. H is expressed as H=d−D2. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that 0.05d≦H≦0.40d. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 15, the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 (maximum flow path cross-sectional area) is A, and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 (minimum flow path cross-sectional area) is A1. The minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6e of the protruding member 6. In the piping system 1, it is preferable that (A-A1) / A≦0.5. Preferably, it is preferable that (A-A1) / A≦0.4. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. Here, the maximum value of the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6 is A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6 at the top 6e of the protruding member 6. A2 = A-A1. That is, in the piping system 1, it is preferable that A2 / A≦0.5, and preferably A1 / A≦0.4.

[0073] See FIG. 1. In the vertical pipe 3, the first straight pipe section 31 is shorter than the second straight pipe section 32. The length of the first straight pipe section 31 is preferably 1.0 m or less. The first straight pipe section 31 is provided with a protruding member 6. This makes it easier to arrange the protruding member 6 near the second elbow 52. This allows for an improvement in flow rate while enabling a reduction in size. Furthermore, the first straight pipe section 31 provided with the protruding member 6 is easier to carry.

[0074] Referring to FIG. 1, in the piping system 1, the height at which the siphoning effect is effective refers to the height at which the piping is not divided, there is no portion completely open to the outside air, and the siphoning effect is maintained. The height at which the siphoning effect is effective is expressed as the vertical distance between the upstream and downstream opening points of the piping system 1. The upstream opening point of the piping system 1 is the portion upstream of the piping system that is open to the outside air. The downstream opening point of the piping system 1 is the portion downstream of the piping system 1 that is open to the outside air. There is no portion completely open to the outside air between the upstream and downstream opening points of the piping system 1. In other words, the downstream opening point is the point that is open to atmospheric pressure and where the siphoning effect stops. Therefore, the upstream opening point and the downstream opening point can be said to be the upstream and downstream ends of the range at which the siphoning effect is maintained in the piping system 1. It is believed that the greater the difference in potential energy between the upstream and downstream opening points of the piping system 1, the greater the flow rate due to the improved flow velocity caused by the siphoning effect. Here, the downstream opening point of the piping system 1 is the downstream opening point 3c of the standpipe 3. Ideally, the upstream opening point of the piping system 1 is the inlet 2b, but it is preferable to set it to the upstream end (first end 6a) of the protruding member 6 in terms of performance assurance. The vertical distance between the upstream end (first end 6a) of the protruding member 6 and the downstream opening point 3c of the standpipe 3 should be 2.0 m or more. This can improve the flow rate.

[0075] See Figure 1. If the horizontal pipe 4 is too long, the effect of the decrease in flow velocity in the horizontal pipe 4 will be significant. Therefore, the length of the horizontal pipe 4 should be 2.0 m or less. This will reduce the decrease in flow velocity in the horizontal pipe 4 and improve the flow rate.

[0076] See FIG. 1. If the distance between the inlet 2b and the first elbow 51 is too long, the pressure loss at the first elbow 51 may increase. Therefore, the distance between the inlet 2b and the first elbow 51 should be 0.5 m or less. The distance between the inlet 2b and the first elbow 51 can be considered to be the distance between the bottom surface of the eaves gutter 2 where the inlet 2b is located and the socket 512 of the first elbow 51. In this embodiment, the first elbow 51 is directly connected to the drain 7 at the inlet 2b. Therefore, the distance between the inlet 2b and the first elbow 51 is 0.0 m. This improves the flow rate.

[0077] The piping system 1 described above has a protruding member 6. The protruding member 6 is located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3. In particular, the protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe section 31 of the standpipe 3. The protruding member 6 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation that can occur when the direction of water flow changes from the horizontal pipe 4 to the standpipe 3, and can improve the flow rate. Therefore, in the piping system 1, the occurrence of pressure loss can be reduced throughout the entire piping system 1, and the flow rate can be improved.

[0078] [1.1.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1 described above comprises the stand pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4 located between the inlet 2b and the stand pipe 3, the first elbow 51 located between the inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, the second elbow 52 located between the horizontal pipe 4 and the stand pipe 3 and having a smaller radius of curvature than the first elbow 51, and the protrusion member 6 located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the upstream end 3a of the stand pipe 3, which partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0079] In the piping system 1, the first elbow 51 and the second elbow 52 are 90° elbows. This configuration allows the horizontal pipe 4 to be shortened in length while increasing the distance between the inlet 2b and the standpipe 3 in the horizontal direction.

[0080] In the piping system 1, the vertical pipe 3 includes a first straight pipe section 31 that is directly connected to the downstream side of the second elbow 52, ​​and a second straight pipe section 32 that is connected to the downstream side of the first straight pipe section 31. The protruding member 6 is located in the first straight pipe section 31. The length of the first straight pipe section 31 is 1.0 m or less. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. Furthermore, the first straight pipe section 31 provided with the protruding member 6 is easy to carry.

[0081] In the piping system 1, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3. The vertical distance between the upstream end (first end 6a) of the protruding member 6 and the downstream open point 3c of the standpipe 3 is 2.0 m or more. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0082] In the piping system 1, the length of the horizontal pipe 4 is 2.0 m or less. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0083] In the piping system 1, the distance between the inlet 2b and the first elbow 51 is 0.5 m or less. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0084] In the piping system 1, the first elbow 51 is a 90° large bend elbow specified in JIS K 6739. This configuration eliminates the need to use a dedicated part for the first elbow 51, and therefore reduces the cost of installing the piping system 1.

[0085] In the piping system 1, the second elbow 52 is a 90° elbow defined in JIS K 6739. This configuration eliminates the need to use a dedicated part for the second elbow 52, ​​and therefore the cost of installing the piping system 1 can be reduced.

[0086] In the piping system 1, if the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A1, then (A-A1) / A≦0.5. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0087] In the piping system 1, if the inner diameter of the flow path (the diameter of the standpipe 3) is d and the length of the protrusion member 6 in the flow path direction (the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3) is L, then 0.5d≦L≦5.0d holds. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0088] In the piping system 1, the protruding member 6 has a top 6e located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the downstream end (second end 6b) that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path. If the inner diameter of the flow path (the diameter of the standpipe 3) is d and the height of the protruding member 6 at the top 6e is H, then 0.05d≦H≦0.40d is satisfied. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0089] 1.2 Second Embodiment [1.2.1 Configuration] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1A according to the second embodiment.

[0090] The piping system 1A includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3A, a horizontal pipe 4A, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0091] Unlike the standpipe 3, the standpipe 3A does not have a first straight pipe portion 31 on which the protruding member 6 is provided. The standpipe 3A may be made up of a single pipe material or a plurality of pipe materials.

[0092] 17, the protruding member 6 is located upstream of the second elbow 52. More specifically, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 within the horizontal pipe 4, which is a straight pipe section upstream of the second elbow 52, ​​and is used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4.

[0093] Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the upstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1A. Fig. 19 is an exploded perspective view of the upstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1A.

[0094] The horizontal pipe 4A is made up of a plurality of pipe materials and includes a first straight pipe section 41 and a second straight pipe section .

[0095] The first straight pipe section 41 is directly connected to the upstream side of the second elbow 52. Therefore, the first straight pipe section 41 is a downstream side portion of the horizontal pipe 4.

[0096] The first straight pipe portion 41 has a main body portion 411 and a socket 412 .

[0097] The main body 411 has a straight pipe shape. As shown in Fig. 19, the main body 411 has openings 411a and 411b at a first end (the right end in Fig. 19) and a second end (the left end in Fig. 19), respectively. In the horizontal pipe 4A, the first end of the first straight pipe section 41 defines the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4.

[0098] The socket 412 is provided at the second end of the main body 411. The socket 412 is provided to connect the second straight pipe section 42 to the first straight pipe section 41. The socket 412 is cylindrical and surrounds the opening 411b of the main body 411.

[0099] The second straight pipe section 42 is connected to the upstream side of the first straight pipe section 41. Therefore, the second straight pipe section 42 is the upstream part of the horizontal pipe 4A. The second straight pipe section 42 has a straight pipe shape. A first end (the right end in FIG. 17) of the second straight pipe section 42 is connected to the socket 412 of the first straight pipe section 41. A second end (the left end in FIG. 17) of the second straight pipe section 42 defines the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4A.

[0100] In the horizontal pipe 4A, the main body 411 of the first straight pipe section 41 and the second straight pipe section 42 have the same inner diameter. The inner diameters of the main body 411 of the first straight pipe section 41 and the second straight pipe section 42 define the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A.

[0101] In this embodiment, the protruding member 6 is formed integrally with the first straight pipe portion 41.

[0102] In this embodiment, the length direction of the protrusion member 6 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid through the horizontal pipe 4A. The flow direction of the fluid through the horizontal pipe 4A coincides with the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4A. The first end 6a is closer to the second elbow 52 than the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the first end 6a is the downstream end, and the second end 6b is the upstream end.

[0103] The protruding member 6 is provided on the first straight pipe section 41 of the horizontal pipe 4A. More specifically, the protruding member 6 is provided on the first straight pipe section 41 so as to protrude from a first wall surface 41b on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 of the first straight pipe section 41 to a second wall surface 41c on the outer circumferential side of the second elbow 52 of the first straight pipe section 41. Here, the first wall surface 41b is a portion of the inner circumferential surface 41a of the first straight pipe section 41 on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 (for example, half of the inner circumferential side). The second wall surface 41c is a portion of the inner circumferential surface 41a of the first straight pipe section 41 on the outer circumferential side of the second elbow 52 (for example, half of the outer circumferential side). The inner circumferential surface 41a of the first straight pipe section 41 is composed of the first wall surface 41b and the second wall surface 41c.

[0104] In this way, by providing the protruding member 6 on the first straight pipe section 41 of the horizontal pipe 4A, a reduced area P where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping system 1A is smaller than the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A exists upstream of the second elbow 52, ​​between the corner 520c on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 and the opening 411b of the first straight pipe section 41. The reduced area P is the area where the protruding member 6 exists in the horizontal pipe 4A.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 19 , the first end 6 a of the protruding member 6 protrudes to the outside from the opening 411 a of the first straight pipe section 41. Therefore, when the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 41 are connected, as shown in FIG. 18 , the first end 6 a of the protruding member 6 protrudes from the opening 522 a into the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52 and covers a part of the inner surface 520 a of the curved pipe section 520. The first end 6 a of the protruding member 6 coincides with the corner 520 c of the inner surface 520 a of the curved pipe section 520. In this way, because the protruding member 6 exists across the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 41, the influence of a step that may occur at the boundary between the curved pipe section 520 of the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 41 can be reduced.

[0106] Next, the function of the protruding member 6 will be described. In the piping system 1A, there is an area downstream of the second elbow 52 where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur. The protruding member 6 is located at the end of the horizontal pipe 4A on the second elbow 52 side (downstream end 4b). In particular, the protruding member 6 is located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 in the horizontal pipe 4 (the lower side in FIG. 17 ). In the protruding member 6, the apex 6e is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the second elbow 52 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6 can guide the fluid to the area downstream of the second elbow 52 where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur. This is expected to reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream of the second elbow 52 and improve the flow rate. The piping system 1A can be made smaller in size simply by providing the protruding member 6, because the radius of curvature of the second elbow 52 can be made smaller than the radius of curvature of the first elbow 51. Therefore, the protruding member 6 can improve the flow rate while enabling a smaller size. The protruding member 6 is located inside the horizontal pipe 4A, and is therefore inconspicuous when viewed as a whole in the piping system 1A. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1A as a whole.

[0107] Next, an example of dimensions of the piping system 1A will be described.

[0108] See FIG. 18. In the horizontal pipe 4A, the inner diameter of the flow path is the diameter of the horizontal pipe 4A, and the direction of the flow path is the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4A. The diameter of the horizontal pipe 4A is d, and the length of the protruding member 6 in the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4A is L. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0109] In FIG. 18, the apex 6e of the protruding member 6 is the portion of the reduced portion P where the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path is smallest. The distance between the corner 520c of the second elbow 52 and the apex 6e in the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4A is defined as D1. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that 0≦D1≦0.5d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0110] In FIG. 18, the distance between the apex 6e and the upstream end (second end 6b) in the flow path direction (the direction of the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4A) is defined as D3. D3 is expressed as D3=L-D1. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that D3>D1. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 18, in a plane passing through the central axes C521, C522 of the sockets 521, 522 of the second elbow 52, ​​the distance between the top 6e and the second wall surface 41c is defined as D2. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that 0.60d≦D2≦0.95d. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. Here, it is preferable that the height of the protruding member 6 at the top 6e is H. H is expressed as H=d−D2. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that 0.05d≦H≦0.40d. This can further reduce the pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0112] The cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A is A, and the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A is A1. The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A at the top 6e of the protruding member 6. In the piping system 1A, it is preferable that (A-A1) / A≦0.5, and preferably that (A-A1) / A≦0.4. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by the second elbow 52. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. Here, the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6 is A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6 at the top 6e of the protruding member 6. A2 = A-A1. That is, in the piping system 1A, it is preferable that A2 / A≦0.5, and preferably that A1 / A≦0.4.

[0113] See FIG. 17. In the horizontal pipe 4A, the first straight pipe section 41 is shorter than the second straight pipe section 42. The length of the first straight pipe section 41 is preferably 1.0 m or less. The first straight pipe section 41 is provided with a protruding member 6. This makes it easier to arrange the protruding member 6 near the second elbow 52. This allows for an improvement in flow rate while enabling a reduction in size. Furthermore, the first straight pipe section 41 provided with the protruding member 6 is easier to carry.

[0114] The piping system 1A described above has a protruding member 6. The protruding member 6 is located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4A. In particular, the protruding member 6 is located inside the first straight pipe section 41 of the horizontal pipe 4A. The protruding member 6 can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation that can occur when the water changes direction from the horizontal pipe 4 to the vertical pipe 3, thereby improving the flow rate. Therefore, the piping system 1A can reduce the occurrence of pressure loss throughout the entire piping system 1A, and improve the flow rate.

[0115] [1.2.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1A described above comprises a vertical pipe 3A, a horizontal pipe 4A located between the inlet 2b and the vertical pipe 3A, a first elbow 51 located between the inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4A, a second elbow 52 located between the horizontal pipe 4A and the vertical pipe 3A and having a smaller radius of curvature than the first elbow 51, and a protrusion member 6 located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4A, which partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path (the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the horizontal pipe 4A). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0116] 1.3 Third Embodiment 1.3.1 Configuration 20 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1B according to embodiment 2. The piping system 1B includes a tee 110, a second upright pipe 111, a second eaves gutter 112, a third elbow 113, a second horizontal pipe 114, and a second drain 115 in addition to the eaves gutter 2, the upright pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 51, the second elbow 52, ​​the protruding member 6, and the drain 7.

[0117] The tee 110 has a first receiving port 110a facing upward, a second receiving port 110b facing downward, and a third receiving port 110c facing sideways. The tee 110 merges the fluid flowing in from the first receiving port 110a with the fluid flowing in from the third receiving port 110c, and discharges the combined fluid from the second receiving port 110b. The angle between the central axis of the first receiving port 110a and the central axis of the third receiving port 110c is 90° or less. As an example, the angle between the central axis of the first receiving port 110a and the central axis of the third receiving port 110c is set to 88.83°. As an example, the material of the tee 110 is hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0118] The first socket 110a is connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The second socket 110b is connected to the second standpipe 111. The third socket 110c is connected to the second eaves gutter 112 via the third elbow 113 and the second horizontal pipe 114.

[0119] The second standpipe 111 is installed to drain water from the standpipe 3 into the manhole 21. In this embodiment, the second standpipe 111 has the same pipe diameter as the standpipe 3. For example, the second standpipe 111 is the same size as the standpipe 3. The second standpipe 111 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second standpipe 111 is circular. The second standpipe 111 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the second standpipe 111 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second standpipe 111 has an upstream end 111a and a downstream end 111b. The upstream end 111a is connected to the second receiving port 110b of the tee 110. The downstream end 111b is inserted into the manhole 21. A piping cover 30 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through a gap between the second upright pipe 111 and the manhole 21.

[0120] The second eaves gutter 112 collects rainwater from roofs or eaves below the roof 11a of the building 11. For example, the second eaves gutter 112 is installed below the eaves gutter 2. The second eaves gutter 112 is shaped like a long bucket. The second eaves gutter 112 has a bottom wall 112a. A second inlet 112b different from the inlet 2b is formed in the bottom wall 112a according to the overall design of the piping system 1B. The second inlet 112b is, for example, a circular opening. As an example, the second eaves gutter 112 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The second eaves gutter 112 may include a core material to reinforce the overall strength of the second eaves gutter 112. The core material may be made of, for example, metal. As another example, the second eaves gutter 112 may be formed from a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0121] The second drain 115 is disposed at the second inlet 112b of the second eaves gutter 112. The second drain 115 does not necessarily have to have a configuration that can contribute to the occurrence of the siphoning phenomenon. The second drain 115 may have a well-known configuration.

[0122] The third elbow 113 changes the direction of the flow path. The third elbow 113 is a connecting joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The third elbow 113 has a curved pipe portion 1130 and sockets 1131 and 1132 at both ends of the curved pipe portion 1130. In the third elbow 113, the socket 1132 is connected to the second drain 115, and thereby to the second inlet 112b. The socket 1131 is connected to the second standpipe 111. As an example, the material of the third elbow 113 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the third elbow 113 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739, "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage."

[0123] The second horizontal pipe 114 is installed to drain water from the second eaves gutter 112 to the manhole section 21. In this embodiment, the second horizontal pipe 114 is a straight pipe. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 114 is circular. The second horizontal pipe 114 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 114 intersects the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second horizontal pipe 114 has an upstream end 114a and a downstream end 114b. The upstream end 114a is connected to the socket 1131 of the third elbow 113. The downstream end 114b is connected to the third socket 110c of the tee 110.

[0124] As an example, the material of the second upright pipe 111 and the second horizontal pipe 114 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the second upright pipe 111 and the second horizontal pipe 114, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0125] In the piping system 1B described above, the vertical distance L11 between the second elbow 52 and the tee 110 is 2.0 m or more. This allows the fluid from the second inlet 112b to merge with the fluid from the inlet 2b, while improving the flow rate.

[0126] [1.3.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1B described above further includes a tee 110 having a first receiving port 110a facing upward, a second receiving port 110b facing downward, and a third receiving port 110c facing sideways. The first receiving port 110a is connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The third receiving port 110c is connected to a second inlet 112b different from the inlet 2b. The vertical distance between the second elbow 52 and the tee 110 is 2.0 m or more. This configuration can improve the flow rate while allowing the fluid from the second inlet 112b to merge with the fluid from the inlet 2b.

[0127] 1.4 Fourth embodiment 1.4.1 Configuration 21 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1C according to embodiment 4. The piping system 1C includes a piping 12 in addition to an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0128] The pipe 12 has a larger diameter than the standpipe 3. For example, the pipe 12 is one size or more larger than the standpipe 3. The pipe 12 is installed to drain water from the standpipe 3 to the manhole 21. The pipe 12 is also called a curing pipe.

[0129] The pipe 12 has a straight pipe shape. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the pipe 12 is circular. The pipe 12 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the pipe 12 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The pipe 12 has an upstream end 12a and a downstream end 12b. The downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3 is inserted into the upstream end 12a. The downstream end 12b is inserted into the manhole 21. In Figure 21, a pipe cover 30 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through the gap between the pipe 12 and the manhole 21.

[0130] As an example, the material of the pipe 12 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the pipe 12, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0131] In the piping system 1C, the length L12 of the portion of the riser pipe 3 inserted into the pipe 12 is 1.0 m or more. This makes it possible to stabilize the flow of fluid from the riser pipe 3 to the pipe 12.

[0132] [1.4.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1C described above, the downstream end 3b of the riser pipe 3 is inserted into the pipe 12, which has a larger diameter than the riser pipe 3. The length of the portion of the riser pipe 3 inserted into the pipe 12 is 1.0 m or more. This configuration stabilizes the flow of fluid from the riser pipe 3 to the pipe 12.

[0133] 1.5 Fifth embodiment 1.5.1 Configuration 22 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1D according to embodiment 5. The piping system 1D includes an increaser 130 and a second standpipe 131 in addition to an eaves gutter 2, a standpipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0134] The increaser 130 has a first socket 130a facing upward and a second socket 130b facing downward. The second socket 130b is larger than the first socket 130a. The inner diameter of the increaser 130 increases from the first socket 130a toward the second socket 130b. In this embodiment, the central axes of the first socket 130a and the second socket 130b are aligned.

[0135] The first socket 130a is connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The second socket 130b is connected to the second standpipe 131.

[0136] As an example, the material of the increaser 130 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the increaser 130 may be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage," for example.

[0137] The second standpipe 131 has a larger pipe diameter than the standpipe 3. For example, the second standpipe 131 is one size or more larger than the standpipe 3. The second standpipe 131 is installed to drain water from the standpipe 3 to the inlet section 21.

[0138] The second standpipe 131 has a straight pipe shape. A cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second standpipe 131 is circular. The second standpipe 131 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the second standpipe 131 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second standpipe 131 has an upstream end 131a and a downstream end 131b. The upstream end 131a is connected to the second receiving port 130b of the increaser 130. The downstream end 131b is inserted into the manhole 21. A piping cover 30 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through a gap between the second standpipe 131 and the manhole 21.

[0139] As an example, the material of the second standpipe 131 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the second standpipe 131, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0140] In the piping system 1D, the distance L13 between the second elbow 52 and the increaser 130 in the vertical direction is 2.0 m or more. This allows the flow of fluid from the upright pipe 3 to the second upright pipe 131 to be stabilized.

[0141] [1.5.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1D described above further includes an increaser 130 having an upward-facing first socket 130a and a downward-facing second socket 130b with a larger inner diameter than the first socket 130a. The first socket 130a is connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The vertical distance between the second elbow 52 and the increaser 130 is 2.0 m or more. This configuration stabilizes the flow of fluid from the standpipe 3 to the second standpipe 131.

[0142] 1.6 Sixth embodiment 1.6.1 Configuration FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1E according to a sixth embodiment. The piping system 1E is used to sprinkle water from an eaves gutter 2 onto a second roof 11c below a roof 11a. As an example, the roof 11a may be a main roof, and the second roof 11c may be a eaves. In FIG. 23, the second roof 11c is a folded-plate roof.

[0143] The piping system 1E includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, a drain 7, as well as a third elbow 140 and a pipe 141.

[0144] The third elbow 140 changes the direction of the flow path. The third elbow 140 is a connecting joint that connects flow paths with different directions. The third elbow 140 has a curved pipe portion 1400 and sockets 1401 and 1402 at both ends of the curved pipe portion 1400. In the third elbow 140, the socket 1401 is connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. The socket 1402 is connected to the piping 141. As an example, the material of the third elbow 140 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the third elbow 140 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage," for example.

[0145] The pipe 141 is installed to discharge a fluid (rainwater in this embodiment) onto the second roof 11c. The pipe 141 is also called a sprinkler pipe.

[0146] The piping 141 includes a second horizontal pipe 142 and a fourth elbow 143 .

[0147] The second horizontal pipe 142 has a straight pipe shape. A cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 142 is circular. The second horizontal pipe 142 is arranged so that the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 142 intersects the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second horizontal pipe 142 has an upstream end 142a and a downstream end 142b. The upstream end 142a is connected to the socket 1402 of the third elbow 140. The second horizontal pipe 142 has one or more discharge ports 142c between the upstream end 142a and the downstream end 142b. In FIG. 23, three discharge ports 142c are depicted. Each discharge port 142c penetrates the pipe wall of the second horizontal pipe 142. As an example, the inner diameter of the discharge ports 142c is 75 mm, and the discharge ports 142c are arranged at a pitch of 250 mm.

[0148] As an example, the material of the second horizontal pipe 142 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the second horizontal pipe 142, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0149] The fourth elbow 143 changes the direction of the flow path. The fourth elbow 143 has a curved pipe portion 1430 and sockets 1431, 1432 at both ends of the curved pipe portion 1430. In the fourth elbow 143, the socket 1431 is connected to the downstream end 142b of the second horizontal pipe 142. The socket 1432 is the downstream end of the pipe 141. The socket 1432 is used as a discharge port at the end of the pipe 141. In this embodiment, the opening 1432a of the socket 1432 is partially blocked. Preferably, the opening 1432a is blocked by 50% or more. In other words, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the opening 1432a is reduced by 50% or more. This makes it easier for the fluid to be discharged from the discharge port 142c.

[0150] For example, the material of the fourth elbow 143 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the fourth elbow 143 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage," for example.

[0151] In the piping system 1E, the length of the piping 141 is 1.0 m or more. The length of the piping 141 is determined by the length of the second horizontal pipe 142. This allows the fluid to be discharged over a sufficient range of the second roof 11c.

[0152] In the piping system 1E, the distance L14 between the second elbow 52 and the third elbow 140 in the vertical direction is 2.0 m or more. This allows the flow of fluid from the standpipe 3 to the piping 141 to be stabilized.

[0153] [1.6.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1E described above further includes a third elbow 140 connected to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3, and a pipe 141 connected downstream of the third elbow 140. The length of the pipe 141 is 1.0 m or more. An opening 1432a at the downstream end of the pipe 141 is blocked by 50% or more. The pipe 141 has one or more discharge ports 143c penetrating the pipe wall of the pipe 141 (second horizontal pipe 142). The distance L14 between the second elbow 52 and the third elbow 140 in the vertical direction is 2.0 m or more. This configuration allows the fluid to be stably discharged from the discharge ports 143c and the openings 1432a.

[0154] 1.7 Seventh embodiment 1.7.1 Configuration 24 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1F according to embodiment 7. The piping system 1F includes a second eaves gutter 150 and a pipe 151 in addition to an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6, and a drain 7.

[0155] The second eaves gutter 150 receives rainwater from, for example, the eaves of the building 11. The second eaves gutter 150 is installed under the eaves of the building. The second eaves gutter 150 is shaped like a long bucket. The second eaves gutter 150 forms a second flow path that extends in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The second eaves gutter 150 has a bottom wall 150a. The bottom wall 150a forms the bottom wall of the second flow path.

[0156] The second eaves gutter 150 has a drop opening in the bottom wall 150a. The drop opening of the second eaves gutter 150 is connected to the manhole via a standpipe that is separate from the standpipe 3.

[0157] The second eaves gutter 150 overlaps at least a portion of the socket 521 of the second elbow 52 in the vertical direction. The second eaves gutter 150 has an opening 150b at a portion that overlaps with the socket 521 of the second elbow 52 in the vertical direction. The opening 150b is a through-hole that penetrates the bottom wall 150a of the second eaves gutter 150. The inner diameter of the opening 150b is larger than the outer diameter of the standpipe 3. The second eaves gutter 150 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The second eaves gutter 150 may include a core material to reinforce the strength of the entire second eaves gutter 150. The core material may be made of, for example, metal. As another example, the second eaves gutter 150 may be formed from a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0158] The pipe 151 has a larger diameter than the standpipe 3. The pipe 151 penetrates the bottom wall 150a of the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 150 while being separated from the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 150. In this embodiment, the pipe 151 is arranged to penetrate an opening 150b in the bottom wall 150a of the second eaves gutter 150. The pipe 151 is also referred to as a penetration pipe. The pipe 151 has a first member 152 and a second member 153. As an example, the material of the first member 152 and the second member 153 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0159] The first member 152 has a first cylindrical portion 152a and a first flange portion 152b. The first cylindrical portion 152a covers the entire periphery of the opening 150b and penetrates the opening 150b. The first cylindrical portion 152a extends upward from the upper surface of the bottom wall 150a of the second eaves gutter 150 and downward from the lower surface of the bottom wall 150a. The position of the upper end of the first cylindrical portion 152a is set so that fluid is less likely to flow into the first cylindrical portion 152a from the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 150. In this embodiment, the upper end of the first cylindrical portion 152a is located above the upper end of the second eaves gutter 150. The lower end of the first cylindrical portion 152a is located below the lower surface of the bottom wall 150a of the second eaves gutter 150. The first flange 152b of the second eaves gutter 150 protrudes outward from the first cylindrical portion 152a and is disposed so as to contact the upper surface of the bottom wall 150a and to cover the entire periphery of the opening 150b.

[0160] The second member 153 has a second cylindrical portion 153a and a second flange portion 153b. The second cylindrical portion 153a covers the entire periphery of the first cylindrical portion 152a below the bottom wall 150a. The second flange portion 153b protrudes outward from the second cylindrical portion 153a and is disposed in contact with the lower surface of the bottom wall 150a so as to cover the entire periphery of the opening 150b.

[0161] In this embodiment, the first cylindrical portion 152a and the second cylindrical portion 153a are straight tubular, and the cross section perpendicular to the central axis thereof is circular. In this embodiment, the first flange portion 152b and the second flange portion 153b are plate-shaped, and the cross section perpendicular to the central axis thereof is circular.

[0162] In the piping system 1F, the standpipe 3 is arranged so as to pass through the piping 151. This allows the standpipe 3 to be arranged separately from the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 150, even if the second eaves gutter 150 is present.

[0163] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the pipe 151 is 5 mm or more larger than the outer diameter of the standpipe 3. The inner diameter of the pipe 151 is determined by the inner diameter of the first cylindrical portion 152a.

[0164] [1.7.2 Effects, etc.] In the piping system 1F, the riser pipe 3 passes through a pipe 151 having a larger diameter than the riser pipe 3. The pipe 151 penetrates a bottom wall 150a of the second flow path while being separated from the second flow path extending in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The inner diameter of the pipe 151 is 5 mm or more larger than the outer diameter of the riser pipe 3. This configuration allows the riser pipe 3 to be arranged separately from the second flow path.

[0165] 1.8 Eighth embodiment 1.8.1 Configuration 25 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1G according to an eighth embodiment. The piping system 1G includes a second eaves gutter 160, a pipe 161, a tee 164, a second standpipe 1650, a third standpipe 1651, a second horizontal pipe 1652, a fourth standpipe 1653, a second drain 166, and a third elbow 167, in addition to the eaves gutter 2, the standpipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 51, the second elbow 52, ​​the protruding member 6, and the drain 7.

[0166] The second eaves gutter 160 receives rainwater from, for example, the eaves of the building 11. The second eaves gutter 160 is installed under the eaves of the building 11. The second eaves gutter 160 is shaped like a long bucket. The second eaves gutter 160 forms a second flow path that extends in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The second eaves gutter 160 has a bottom wall 160a. The bottom wall 160a constitutes the bottom wall of the second flow path. The second eaves gutter 160 has a first opening 160b and a second opening 160c in the bottom wall 160a. The first opening 160b is located in a portion that overlaps with the socket 521 of the second elbow 52 in the vertical direction. The first opening 160b is a through-hole that penetrates the bottom wall 160a of the second eaves gutter 160. The inner diameter of the first opening 160b is larger than the outer diameter of the standpipe 3. The second opening 160c is used as a drop opening.

[0167] The second eaves gutter 160 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The second eaves gutter 160 may include a core material to reinforce the strength of the entire second eaves gutter 160. The core material may be made of metal, for example. As another example, the second eaves gutter 160 may be formed of a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0168] The pipe 161 has a larger pipe diameter than the standpipe 3. For example, the pipe 161 is larger than the standpipe 3 by one size or more. The pipe 161 penetrates the bottom wall 160a of the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 160 while being separated from the second flow path of the second eaves gutter 160. In this embodiment, the pipe 161 is arranged to penetrate the first opening 160b of the bottom wall 160a of the second eaves gutter 160. The pipe 161 has a first member 162 and a second member 163. As an example, the material of the first member 162 and the second member 163 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride.

[0169] The first member 162 has a first cylindrical portion 162a and a first flange portion 162b. The first cylindrical portion 162a covers the entire periphery of the first opening 160b and penetrates the first opening 160b. The first cylindrical portion 162a does not extend above the upper surface of the bottom wall 160a of the second eaves gutter 160, but extends below the lower surface of the bottom wall 160a. The lower end of the first cylindrical portion 162a is below the lower surface of the bottom wall 160a of the second eaves gutter 160. The first flange portion 162b of the second eaves gutter 160 protrudes outward from the upper end of the first cylindrical portion 162a and is positioned so as to contact the upper surface of the bottom wall 160a and cover the entire periphery of the first opening 160b.

[0170] The second member 163 has a second cylindrical portion 163a and a second flange portion 163b. The second cylindrical portion 163a covers the entire periphery of the first cylindrical portion 162a below the bottom wall 160a. The second flange portion 163b protrudes outward from the second cylindrical portion 163a and is disposed in contact with the lower surface of the bottom wall 160a so as to cover the entire periphery of the first opening 160b.

[0171] In this embodiment, the first cylindrical portion 162a and the second cylindrical portion 163a are straight tubular, and the cross section perpendicular to the central axis thereof is circular. In this embodiment, the first flange portion 162b and the second flange portion 163b are plate-shaped, and the cross section perpendicular to the central axis thereof is circular.

[0172] The T-shirt 164 has a first receiving port 164a facing upward, a second receiving port 164b facing downward, and a third receiving port 164c facing sideways. The T-shirt 164 merges the fluid flowing in from the first receiving port 164a with the fluid flowing in from the third receiving port 164c, and allows the combined fluid to flow out from the second receiving port 164b. The angle between the central axis of the first receiving port 164a and the central axis of the third receiving port 164c is 90° or less. As an example, the angle between the central axis of the first receiving port 164a and the central axis of the third receiving port 164c is set to 88.83°. As an example, the material of the T-shirt 164 is hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0173] The first socket 164a is connected to the first opening 160b of the second eaves gutter 160 via a second standpipe 1650. The second socket 164b is connected to the manhole via a third standpipe 1651. The third socket 164c is connected to the second opening 160c of the second eaves gutter 160 via a second horizontal pipe 1652, a fourth standpipe 1653, and a third elbow 167.

[0174] The second standpipe 1650 connects the pipe 161 and the tee 164. In this embodiment, the second standpipe 1650 has a larger pipe diameter than the pipe 161. The second standpipe 1650 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second standpipe 1650 is circular. The second standpipe 1650 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the second standpipe 1650 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second standpipe 1650 has an upstream end 1650a and a downstream end 1650b. The upstream end 1650a is connected to the downstream end of the pipe 161. In this embodiment, the second cylindrical portion 163a of the second member 163 of the pipe 161 is inserted into the upstream end 1650a of the second standpipe 1650. The downstream end 1650 b is connected to the first socket 164 a of the cheese 164 .

[0175] The third standpipe 1651 is installed to drain water from the tee 164 into the manhole. In this embodiment, the third standpipe 1651 has the same pipe diameter as the second standpipe 1650. For example, the third standpipe 1651 is the same size as the second standpipe 1650. The third standpipe 1651 is a straight pipe. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the third standpipe 1651 is circular. The third standpipe 1651 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the third standpipe 1651 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The upstream end of the third standpipe 1651 is connected to the second receiver 164b of the tee 164. The downstream end of the third standpipe 1651 is inserted into the manhole.

[0176] The second drain 166 is disposed at the second opening 160c of the second eaves gutter 160. The second drain 166 does not necessarily have to have a configuration that can contribute to the occurrence of the siphoning phenomenon. The second drain 166 may have a well-known configuration.

[0177] The third elbow 167 changes the direction of the flow path. The third elbow 167 is a connector that connects flow paths with different directions. The third elbow 167 has a curved pipe portion 1670 and sockets 1671 and 1672 at both ends of the curved pipe portion 1670. The socket 1672 of the third elbow 167 is connected to the second drain 166 via the fourth upright pipe 1653, and thereby to the second opening 160c. The socket 1671 is connected to the third socket 164c of the tee 164 via the second horizontal pipe 1652. For example, the material of the third elbow 167 may be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the third elbow 167 may be set in accordance with the standard JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joints for Drainage."

[0178] The fourth standpipe 1653 connects between the second opening 160c and the third elbow 167. The fourth standpipe 1653 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the fourth standpipe 1653 is circular. The fourth standpipe 1653 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the fourth standpipe 1653 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The fourth standpipe 1653 has an upstream end 1653a and a downstream end 1653b. The upstream end 1653a is connected to the second drain 166. The downstream end 1653b is connected to the socket 1672 of the third elbow 167.

[0179] The second horizontal pipe 1652 connects between the third elbow 167 and the tee 164. The second horizontal pipe 1652 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 1652 is circular. The second horizontal pipe 1652 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis of the second horizontal pipe 1652 intersects the up-down direction (vertical direction). The second horizontal pipe 1652 has an upstream end 1652a and a downstream end 1652b. The upstream end 1652a is connected to the socket 1671 of the third elbow 167. The downstream end 1652b is connected to the third socket 164c of the tee 110.

[0180] As an example, second riser pipe 1650, third riser pipe 1651, second horizontal pipe 1652, and fourth riser pipe 1653 have the same pipe diameter. Second riser pipe 1650, third riser pipe 1651, second horizontal pipe 1652, and fourth riser pipe 1653 are made of rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of second riser pipe 1650, third riser pipe 1651, second horizontal pipe 1652, and fourth riser pipe 1653, such as outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe."

[0181] In the piping system 1G, the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3 is inserted from above into the first cylindrical portion 162a of the piping 161. As a result, the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3 is inserted into the first opening 160b. The length L16 of the portion of the standpipe 3 inserted into the first opening 160b is 40 mm or more, which stabilizes the flow of fluid from the second flow path to the first opening 160b and the flow of fluid from the standpipe 3 to the first opening 160b.

[0182] [1.8.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1G described above further includes a tee 164 having a first receiving port 164a facing upward, a second receiving port 164b facing downward, and a third receiving port 164c facing sideways. The first receiving port 164a is connected to a first opening 160b in a bottom wall 160a of a second flow path extending in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The third receiving port 164c is connected to a second opening 160c in the bottom wall 160a of the second flow path. The downstream end 3b of the riser pipe 3 is inserted into the first opening 160b. The length L16 of the portion of the riser pipe 3 inserted into the first opening 160b is 40 mm or more. This configuration stabilizes the flow of fluid from the second flow path to the first opening 160b and the flow of fluid from the riser pipe 3 to the first opening 160b.

[0183] 1.9 Ninth embodiment 1.9.1 Configuration 26 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1H according to a ninth embodiment. In addition to the eaves gutter 2, the upright pipe 3, the horizontal pipe 4, the first elbow 51, the second elbow 52, ​​the protruding member 6, and the drain 7, the piping system 1H includes a second eaves gutter 160, a pipe 161, a tee 164H, a second upright pipe 1650, a third upright pipe 1651, a second horizontal pipe 1652, a second drain 166, and a third elbow 167H.

[0184] Cheese 164H has a first socket 164a, a second socket 164b, and a third socket 164c, similar to Cheese 164. In Cheese 164H, the angle between the central axis of first socket 164a and the central axis of third socket 164c is 45°.

[0185] Similar to the third elbow 167, the third elbow 167H has a curved pipe portion 1670 and sockets 1671 and 1672 on both ends of the curved pipe portion 1670. In the third elbow 167H, the angle between the central axes of the sockets 1671 and 1672 is 45°.

[0186] In the piping system 1H as well, the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3 is inserted from above into the first cylindrical portion 162a of the piping 161. As a result, the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3 is inserted into the first opening 160b. The length L16 of the portion of the standpipe 3 inserted into the first opening 160b is 40 mm or more, which stabilizes the flow of fluid from the second flow path to the first opening 160b and the flow of fluid from the standpipe 3 to the first opening 160b.

[0187] [1.9.2 Effects, etc.] The piping system 1H described above further includes a tee 164H having a first receiving port 164a facing upward, a second receiving port 164b facing downward, and a third receiving port 164c facing sideways. The first receiving port 164a is connected to a first opening 160b in a bottom wall 160a of a second flow path extending in a direction intersecting the vertical direction. The third receiving port 164c is connected to a second opening 160c in the bottom wall 160a of the second flow path. The downstream end 3b of the riser pipe 3 is inserted into the first opening 160b. The length L16 of the portion of the riser pipe 3 inserted into the first opening 160b is 40 mm or more. This configuration stabilizes the flow of fluid from the second flow path to the first opening 160b and the flow of fluid from the riser pipe 3 to the first opening 160b.

[0188] 1.10 Tenth embodiment 1.10.1 Configuration 27 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1I according to a tenth embodiment. The piping system 1I includes an eaves gutter 2, a standpipe 3I, a horizontal pipe 4, a first elbow 51, a second elbow 52, ​​a protruding member 6I, and a drain 7. The piping system 1I according to the tenth embodiment differs from the piping system 1 according to the first embodiment in the protruding member 6I and the standpipe 3I.

[0189] The vertical pipe 3I is composed of multiple pipes. The vertical pipe 3I includes straight pipes 31I and 32I and a connecting joint 33I that connects the straight pipes 31I and 32I together. The straight pipe 31I is the downstream portion of the vertical pipe 3I, and the straight pipe 32I is the upstream portion of the vertical pipe 3I. In this embodiment, the straight pipe 31I is longer than the straight pipe 32I. A first end (upper end in FIG. 27) 32a (see FIG. 30) of the straight pipe 32I defines the upstream end 3a of the vertical pipe 3I, and a second end (lower end in FIG. 27) 32b (see FIG. 30) of the straight pipe 32I is connected to the first end (upper end in FIG. 1) of the straight pipe 31I via the connecting joint 33I, and the second end (lower end in FIG. 27) of the straight pipe 31I defines the downstream end 3b of the vertical pipe 3I. In the vertical pipe 3I, the central axes of the straight pipes 31I and 32I coincide with the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I. Hereinafter, the symbol C3 may also be used for the central axis of the straight pipe 32I as needed.

[0190] The protruding member 6I is disposed on the first end 32a side within the straight pipe 32I and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32I. In the present embodiment, the straight pipe 32I is connected to the second elbow 52 at the first end 32a. As shown in FIG. 27 , the protruding member 6I is located downstream of the second elbow 52. More specifically, the protruding member 6I is located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52 within the standpipe 3I, which is the straight pipe section downstream of the second elbow 52, ​​and is used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3I.

[0191] The protrusion member 6I is disposed in a straight pipe that is disposed downstream of a bent pipe (elbow) that changes the direction of the flow path, and is used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe. In the piping system 1I, the straight pipe 32I of the vertical pipe 3I is disposed downstream of the second elbow 52 that changes the direction of the flow path. The protrusion member 6I is disposed so that at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3I is a straight pipe. In this embodiment, at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3I is a straight pipe 32I.

[0192] The protrusion member 6I, together with the straight pipe 32I in which the protrusion member 6I is arranged, constitutes a piping member 10I. In this embodiment, the piping member 10I is formed not of the entire vertical pipe 3I but of a part (straight pipe 32I) of the vertical pipe 3I, and is therefore easy to transport.

[0193] Fig. 28 is a perspective view of a configuration example of the piping member 10I, and Fig. 29 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10I. As can be seen from Fig. 28 and Fig. 29, the piping member 10I includes a straight pipe 32I of a vertical pipe 3I and a protrusion member 6I.

[0194] As shown in FIG. 29, the protruding member 6I has a size, ie, a length, width, and height (thickness), that allows it to be placed inside the straight pipe 32I of the vertical pipe 3I.

[0195] In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6I and the straight pipe 32I of the upright pipe 3I are separate bodies and can be made of different materials. Examples of materials for the protrusion member 6I include resins such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), hard polyvinyl chloride (hard PVC), PE (polyethylene), PMMA, ABS, and ASA, and metals such as steel, aluminum, and stainless steel (rust-resistant metals). In particular, the difference between the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the protrusion member 6I and the linear expansion coefficient of the material of the portion to which the protrusion member 6I is attached (in this embodiment, the straight pipe 32I of the upright pipe 3I) is 4.7 × 10 -5 Less than or equal to 3.5 x 10 -5 This reduces the possibility of the protruding member 6I peeling off due to expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences (for example, temperature differences between summer and winter). As an example, the material of the protruding member 6I may be ASA, and the material of the standpipe 3I may be PVC.

[0196] The protrusion member 6I has a first surface 60a and a second surface 60b. The first surface 60a is a surface facing the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I. The second surface 60b is located on the opposite side of the first surface 60a and acts on (comes into contact with) the fluid flowing through the flow path. The first surface 60a and the second surface 60b are both surfaces of the protrusion member 6I in a first direction. The first direction corresponds to the height of the protrusion member 6I.

[0197] The protruding member 6I has a third end 6c and a fourth end 6d in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The second direction corresponds to the width of the protruding member 6I. The third end 6c and the fourth end 6d are both ends of the protruding member 6I in the width direction. The width direction of the protruding member 6I is perpendicular to the direction of the central axis C3 of the stand pipe 3I. The protruding member 6I has an outer shape that is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the second direction.

[0198] The protrusion member 6I has a first end 6a and a second end 6b in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. The third direction corresponds to the length of the protrusion member 6I. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are both ends of the protrusion member 6I in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the protrusion member 6I coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. Therefore, the third direction also corresponds to the direction along the flow path of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protrusion member 6I are oriented toward the first end 32a and the second end 32b of the straight pipe 32I, respectively. The first end 32a and the second end 32b of the straight pipe 32I are oriented toward the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively. Therefore, in the protrusion member 6I, the first end 6a is oriented toward the upstream side, and the second end 6b is oriented toward the downstream side. In the protrusion member 6I, a fluid flow occurs from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0199] FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10I. FIG. 31 is an enlarged view of P1 in FIG. 30. FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 30. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view with a portion of the piping member 10I cut away. FIG. 34 is a plan view of the piping member 10I. FIG. 35 is a bottom view of the piping member 10I. FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 32. FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 32. FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 32. FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 32.

[0200] FIG. 40 is a front view of the protrusion member 6I (view of the protrusion member 6I from the second surface 60b). FIG. 41 is a rear view of the protrusion member 6I (view of the protrusion member 6I from the first surface 60a). FIG. 42 is a side view of the protrusion member 6I (view of the protrusion member 6I from the third end 6c). FIG. 43 is another side view of the protrusion member 6I (view of the protrusion member 6I from the fourth end 6d).

[0201] As shown in FIG. 41, the first surface 60a has an outer periphery 601 and a central portion 602.

[0202] The outer circumferential portion 601 is used to fix the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I. As shown in FIGS. 34 to 39, the outer circumferential portion 601 is a portion of the first surface 60a that can come into contact with the inner circumferential surface 30a. The shape of the outer circumferential portion 601 is set so that it can come into contact with the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I. For example, the outer circumferential portion 601 has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The radius of curvature of the first surface 60a is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a so that there is substantially no gap between the first surface 60a and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I.

[0203] 41, the outer peripheral portion 601 extends along the entire periphery of the first surface 60a, and therefore surrounds the central portion 602 along the entire periphery.

[0204] The outer peripheral portion 601 has a groove 603. The groove 603 runs along at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first surface 60a. The groove 603 is used to apply an adhesive (e.g., a solvent-based adhesive) for fixing the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I. For example, the groove 603 can be used as a guide for applying the adhesive to the first surface 60a of the protruding member 6I. This facilitates the assembly work of the piping member 10I or the installation work of the piping system 1I, and reduces the likelihood of the protruding member 6I falling off or being left unattached.

[0205] In this embodiment, the groove 603 extends along the entire outer periphery of the first surface 60a. In Fig. 41, the groove 603 is made up of groove portions 603a, 603b, 603c, and 603d that extend along the sides of the first surface 60a on the first end 6a, second end 6b, third end 6c, and fourth end 6d sides, respectively.

[0206] In this embodiment, the groove 603 is located at a distance of 1 mm to 15 mm from the outer periphery of the first surface 60a. That is, the grooves 603a, 603b, 603c, and 603d are located at a distance of 1 mm to 15 mm from the sides of the first surface 60a on the first end 6a, second end 6b, third end 6c, and fourth end 6d sides.

[0207] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 48, which will be described later, the cross-sectional shape of the groove 603 is triangular. The groove 603 has a first inner side surface 6031 and a second inner side surface 6032. The first inner side surface 6031 corresponds to a first direction (the height of the protrusion member 6I) in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other. The second inner side surface 6032 corresponds to a second direction (the width of the protrusion member 6I) perpendicular to the first direction. This makes it easier to fix the protrusion member 6I to the standpipe 3I with an adhesive.

[0208] When manufacturing the protrusion member 6I using a resin molding technique, it is possible to divide the mold for the protrusion member 6I in the second direction of the protrusion member 6I. As described above, the groove 603 has the first inner surface 6031 and the second inner surface 6032, and therefore can be easily formed using a mold. This makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the protrusion member 6I.

[0209] 48, the width W4 of the groove 603 is 0.5 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. The depth d4 of the groove 603 is 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. This makes it easier to fix the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) with an adhesive.

[0210] The central portion 602 is a portion of the first surface 60a that is recessed from the outer peripheral portion 601. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 36 to 39, even when the outer peripheral portion 601 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface 30a, a gap is formed between at least a portion of the central portion 602 and the inner peripheral surface 30a. The central portion 602 can function as a buffer for excess adhesive used to fix the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I. This allows the central portion 602 to receive excess adhesive applied to the first surface 60a of the protruding member 6I, reducing the possibility of the adhesive spilling out of the protruding member 6I. This reduces the possibility of a decrease in flow rate due to such spillage of adhesive.

[0211] The central portion 602 is composed of a first region 602a on the third end 6c side of the protruding member 6I and a second region 602b on the fourth end 6d side of the protruding member 6I. The first region 602a and the second region 602b are flat surfaces. The first region 602a is inclined so as to move away from the inner circumferential surface 30a as it moves toward the third end 6c. The second region 602b is inclined so as to move away from the inner circumferential surface 30a as it moves toward the fourth end 6d. The first region 602a and the second region 602b are rectangular, and the dimension in the second direction is shorter than the dimension in the third direction. The dimension in the second direction of each of the first region 602a and the second region 602b is 5% to 20% of the maximum dimension W1 of the first surface 60a in the second direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the dimension W3 of the central portion 602 in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other is 10% to 40% of the maximum dimension W1 of the first surface 60a in the second direction. This further reduces the overflow of the adhesive that fixes the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I).

[0212] In this embodiment, the central portion 602 is line-symmetrical about the center line of the protruding member 6I in the second direction (the width of the protruding member 6I). Therefore, the first region 602a and the second region 602b are line-symmetrical about the center line of the protruding member 6I in the second direction (the width of the protruding member 6I). This further reduces the overflow of adhesive that fixes the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe (upright pipe 3I).

[0213] As described above, the outer peripheral portion 601 completely surrounds the central portion 602. That is, in the protruding member 6I, the central portion 602 is completely surrounded by the outer peripheral portion 601. This further reduces the overflow of the adhesive that fixes the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I.

[0214] When the protruding member 6I is manufactured by a resin molding technique, it is preferable to provide a gate in a portion of the mold corresponding to the central portion 602. Even if a gate residue occurs, the central portion 602 is a portion of the first surface 60a that is recessed from the outer peripheral portion 601. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the gate residue will get in the way when fixing the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I.

[0215] As shown in FIGS. 30, 32 to 35, and 40, the second surface 60b includes a main surface 61 and first and second side surfaces 62, 63. As shown in FIGS. 30, 32 to 33, the main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, the main surface 61 faces the center of the standpipe 3I when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are on both sides of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The first side surface 62 is on the third end 6c side of the main surface 61 (the left side in FIG. 34), and the second side surface 63 is on the fourth end 6d side of the main surface 61 (the right side in FIG. 34).

[0216] In the protrusion member 6I, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 of the second surface 60b can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the standpipe 3I. As shown in Fig. 32, the protrusion member 6I causes a flow F1 along the main surface 61, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63. Because the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 be small, as this can be expected to improve the flow rate.

[0217] The protrusion member 6I has a first separation wall 64 for promoting separation of the flow F1 and the flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 can make it easier for the flow F2 to separate from the flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is located between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In this embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is the boundary between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 forms a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and a flow path having the first side surface 62 as its bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 have a concave shape.

[0218] The protrusion member 6I has a second separation wall 65 to promote separation of the flow F1 and the flow F3. The presence of the second separation wall 65 can make it easier for the flow F3 to separate from the flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is located between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In this embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is the boundary between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 forms a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and a flow path having the second side surface 63 as its bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 have a concave shape.

[0219] As shown in Figures 30, 33, 34, and 40 to 43, the protrusion member 6I has an end face 66 at the first end 6a. The end face 66 intersects with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the end face 66 is perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The first end 6a of the protrusion member 6I has a small thickness. In contrast, because the protrusion member 6I has the end face 66, the possibility of damage to the first end 6a of the protrusion member 6I can be reduced.

[0220] As shown in Figures 30, 37, and 41 to 43, the protrusion member 6I has a protrusion 67. The protrusion 67 is used to join or position the standpipe 3I and the protrusion member 6I. The protrusion 67 is arranged on the first surface 60a. The protrusion 67 is shaped to fit into a hole 3d on the inner circumferential surface of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the standpipe 3I has a pair of holes 3d at the upstream end 3a. The holes 3d are formed as through holes. The protrusion member 6I has a pair of protrusions 67 that fit into the pair of holes 3d, respectively. By fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of holes 3d, the protrusion member 6I is positioned relative to the standpipe 3I.

[0221] As shown in Figures 30, 31, and 40 to 43, the protrusion member 6I has an end face 68 at the second end 6b. The end face 68 intersects with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the end face 68 is perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The end face 68 has an opening 69. The opening 69 is connected to the internal space of the protrusion member 6I.

[0222] Fig. 44 is an exploded perspective view of protrusion member 6I, and Fig. 45 is another exploded perspective view of protrusion member 6I. As can be seen from Figs. 44 and 45, protrusion member 6I is composed of a first portion 610 and a second portion 620, which are separate bodies. First portion 610 is a portion of protrusion member 6I on the side of third end 6c in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction, where first surface 60a and second surface 60b face each other. Second portion 620 is a portion of protrusion member 6I on the side of fourth end 6d in the second direction.

[0223] 46 is a side view of the first part 610. The first part 610 occupies half of the protrusion member 6I on the third end 6c side. The first part 610 has a first outer part 611, a first boss 612, first ribs 613 and 614, a receiving part 615, and a recess 616.

[0224] The first outer portion 611 defines the outer shape of the third end 6c side of the protruding member 6I. The first outer portion 611 has a hollow shape with an opening 611b on a third surface 611a facing the second part 620. Because the first outer portion 611 is hollow, the amount of material required can be reduced compared to a solid first outer portion 611. The first outer portion 611 includes the first surface 60a, the second surface 60b, the first end 6a, the second end 6b, the end face 66, the protrusion 67, the end face 68, and first portions 60a1, 60b1, 6a1, 6b1, 66a, 67a, 68a, and 69a on the third end 6c side of the opening 69. The first portion 60a1 of the first surface 60a includes a first portion 601a of the outer periphery 601 and a first region 602a of the central portion 602. The first portion 601a of the outer circumferential portion 601 includes, as a first portion of the groove 603, a groove portion 603a, a first portion 603c1 of the groove portion 603c, and a first portion 603d1 of the groove portion 603d.

[0225] The first boss 612 extends from the inner surface of the first outer portion 611 toward the second portion 620 along the second direction. The first boss 612 is cylindrical. The first boss 612 has a hole 612a into which a second boss 622, which will be described later, fits. In this embodiment, the first portion 610 has two first bosses 612. The two first bosses 612 are aligned along the third direction.

[0226] The first ribs 613, 614 extend within the first outer portion 611 in a direction perpendicular to the second direction and connect two points on the inner surface of the first outer portion 611. The first rib 613 extends along the third direction. The first rib 614 extends along the first direction. In this embodiment, the first portion 610 has two first ribs 614. The two first ribs 614 are aligned along the third direction. Although the first outer portion 611 is hollow, the presence of the first ribs 613, 614 reduces a decrease in strength of the first portion 610.

[0227] Receiving portion 615 is formed around opening 611b of third surface 611a. Receiving portion 615 has a shape that fits a peripheral wall portion 625, which will be described later. In this embodiment, receiving portion 615 is a step portion formed around the entire periphery of opening 621b.

[0228] The recess 616 is used to connect the first part 610 and the second part 620. The recess 616 is a portion of the first part 610 into which a protrusion 626 (described later) of the second part 620 fits. The recess 616 is formed on the first surface 60a side of the first part 610. In this embodiment, the recess 616 is an opening located on the first surface 60a. The recess 616 is rectangular. The recess 616 is located in a position recessed from a portion of the first surface 60a that can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a. This reduces the possibility that the recess 616 will get in the way when fixing the protrusion member 6I to the standpipe 3I. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 41 and 42, the recess 616 is located in the central part 602, not the outer circumferential part 601, of the first surface 60a. In this embodiment, the first part 610 has two recesses 616. The two recesses 616 are located on the first end 6a side and the second end 6b side in the central portion 602 of the first surface 60a. In particular, the recess 616 on the first end 6a side is located between the two protrusions 67 in the third direction.

[0229] 47 is a side view of the second portion 620. The second portion 620 occupies half of the protruding member 6I on the side of the fourth end 6d. The second portion 620 has a second outer portion 621, a second boss 622, second ribs 623 and 624, a peripheral wall portion 625, and a protrusion 626.

[0230] The second outer portion 621 defines the outer shape of the fourth end 6d side of the protrusion member 6I. The second outer portion 621 has a hollow shape with an opening 621b on a fourth surface 621a facing the first part 610. Because the second outer portion 621 is hollow, the amount of material required can be reduced compared to a solid second outer portion 621. The second outer portion 621 includes the first surface 60a, the second surface 60b, the first end 6a, the second end 6b, the end face 66, the protrusion 67, the end face 68, and second portions 60a2, 60b2, 6a2, 6b2, 66b, 67b, 68b, and 69b on the fourth end 6d side of the opening 69. The second portion 60a2 of the first surface 60a includes the second portion 601b of the outer periphery 601 and the second region 602b of the central portion 602. The second portion 601b of the outer circumferential portion 601 includes, as the second portion of the groove 603, the groove portion 603b, the second portion 603c2 of the groove portion 603c, and the second portion 603d2 of the groove portion 603d.

[0231] The second boss 622 extends from the inner surface of the second outer portion 621 toward the first part 610 along the second direction. The second boss 622 is coupled to the first boss 612. The second boss 622 is cylindrical. The second boss 622 is sized to fit into the hole 612a of the first boss 612. The second boss 622 is coupled to the first boss 612 by fitting into the hole 612a of the first boss 612. In this embodiment, the second part 620 has two second bosses 622. The two second bosses 622 are aligned along the third direction.

[0232] The second ribs 623, 624 extend in a direction perpendicular to the second direction within the second outer shell 621 and connect two points on the inner surface of the second outer shell 621. The second rib 623 extends along the third direction. The second rib 624 extends along the first direction. In this embodiment, the second part 620 has two second ribs 624. The two second ribs 624 are aligned along the third direction. Although the second outer shell 621 is hollow, the presence of the second ribs 623, 624 reduces a decrease in strength of the second part 620.

[0233] Peripheral wall portion 625 protrudes from the periphery of opening 621b in fourth surface 621a toward third end 6c and surrounds opening 621b in fourth surface 621a. In this embodiment, peripheral wall portion 625 has a shape that surrounds opening 621b all around. Peripheral wall portion 625 has a shape that fits inside receiving portion 615.

[0234] The protrusion 626 is used to connect the first portion 610 and the second portion 620. The protrusion 626 is adapted to fit into the recess 616. By fitting the protrusion 626 into the recess 616 in this manner, separation between the first portion 610 and the second portion 620 is reduced. The protrusion 626 extends toward the third end 6c. The protrusion 626 is formed on the first surface 60a side of the second portion 620. In this embodiment, the protrusion 626 includes a long plate-shaped spring portion 626a and a claw portion 626b at the tip of the spring portion 626a. The protrusion 626 is fixed to the recess 616 by fitting the claw portion 626b into the recess 616. The protrusion 626 is located in a recessed position on the first surface 60a relative to a portion that can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a. This reduces the possibility that the protrusion 626 will get in the way when fixing the protruding member 6I to the standpipe 3I. 41 and 43, the protrusion 626 is located in the central portion 602 of the first surface 60a, not in the outer circumferential portion 601. In this embodiment, the second portion 620 includes two protrusions 626. The two protrusions 626 are located on the first end 6a side and the second end 6b side in the central portion 602 of the first surface 60a. In particular, the protrusion 626 on the first end 6a side is located between the two protrusions 67 in the third direction.

[0235] The protrusion member 6I is assembled by joining the first part 610 and the second part 620 together so that the third surface 611a of the first part 610 and the fourth surface 621a of the second part 620 face each other. Fig. 48 is a cross-sectional view of the protrusion member 6I. As can be seen from Figs. 42 and 48, when the protrusion member 6I is assembled, the protrusion 626 fits into the recess 616, the second boss 622 is joined to the first boss 612, and the peripheral wall portion 625 fits into the receiving portion 615.

[0236] In the protruding member 6I, the tip of the second boss 622 is located between the tip of the protrusion 626 and the fourth surface 621a in the second direction. Therefore, when the first part 610 and the second part 620 are joined together, the protrusion 626 comes into contact with the first part 610 rather than the second boss 622 and fits into the recess 616. This allows the second boss 622 to be positioned relative to the first boss 612. This facilitates the joining of the first part 610 and the second part 620. In the second direction, the tip of the second boss 622 is located between the tip of the protrusion 626 and the tip of the peripheral wall part 625. Therefore, after the second boss 622 is joined to the first boss 612, the peripheral wall part 625 fits into the receiving part 615. This allows the peripheral wall part 625 to be positioned relative to the receiving part 615. This facilitates the joining of the first part 610 and the second part 620.

[0237] By joining the first part 610 and the second part 620, the first parts 60a1, 60b1, 6a1, 6b1, 66a, 67a, 68a, 69a of the first part 610 and the second parts 60a2, 60b2, 6a2, 6b2, 66b, 67b, 68b, 69b of the second part 620 are combined to form the first surface 60a, the second surface 60b, the first end 6a, the second end 6b, the end surface 66, the protrusion 67, the end surface 68, and the opening 69.

[0238] In this manner, in the protrusion member 6I, the first portion 610 on the third end 6c side in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other, and the second portion 620 on the fourth end 6d side in the second direction, are separate bodies. Therefore, the first portion 610 and the second portion 620 can be manufactured separately using a molding technique using a mold, such as injection molding. Therefore, compared to manufacturing the protrusion member 6I as a single part using a molding technique using a mold, the configuration of the mold required to manufacture the protrusion member 6I can be simplified. This reduces the cost of the mold itself, and as a result, enables a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the protrusion member 6I.

[0239] Because the first outer portion 611 and the second outer portion 621 are hollow, the amount of material required can be reduced compared to when they are solid. Unlike when the protruding member 6I is manufactured as a single part by molding using a mold, when the protruding member 6I is hollow, openings can be provided not in the first surface 60a but in the third surface 611a of the first outer portion 611 and the fourth surface 621a of the second outer portion 621. This increases the area of ​​the first surface 60a that can be used to attach the protruding member 6I.

[0240] In the protrusion member 6I, the interior of the first outer portion 611 and the interior of the second outer portion 621 form an internal space of the protrusion member 6I. Fluid may enter the internal space of the protrusion member 6I through the gap between the first portion 610 and the second portion 620. If the fluid is water, it may freeze due to a drop in temperature. In this case, the water expands as it turns to ice, which may cause damage to the protrusion member 6I. In this embodiment, the peripheral wall portion 625 of the second portion 620 is fitted inside the receiving portion 615 of the first portion 610, thereby reducing the possibility of fluid entering through the gap between the first portion 610 and the second portion 620. Furthermore, in the protrusion member 6I, the opening 69 of the end surface 68 connects to the interior of the first outer portion 611 and the interior of the second outer portion 621. Therefore, water that has entered the internal space of the protrusion member 6I can be drained through the opening 69. This reduces the possibility of damage to the protrusion member 61 due to fluid such as water accumulating in the internal space of the protrusion member 61. In other words, the opening 69 functions as a drain hole.

[0241] FIG. 49 is an explanatory diagram of the attachment of the protruding member 6I. The protruding member 6I is disposed on the inner circumferential surface 30a of the straight pipe 32I of the vertical pipe 3I. An adhesive is applied to the first surface 60a, and the protruding member 6I is attached to the straight pipe 32I by the adhesive. As described above, the outer peripheral portion 601 of the first surface 60a has a groove 603. The groove 603 can be used as a guide for applying adhesive to the first surface 60a of the protruding member 6I. This facilitates the attachment of the protruding member 6I and reduces the likelihood of the protruding member 6I falling off or being left unattached. The central portion 602 of the first surface 60a is recessed from the outer peripheral portion 601, so it can function as a buffer for excess adhesive. This allows excess adhesive applied to the first surface 60a of the protruding member 6I to be received by the central portion 602, reducing the likelihood of the adhesive spilling out of the protruding member 6I. In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6I is positioned with respect to the straight pipe 32I by fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of holes 3d, respectively. By fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of holes 3d, respectively, the possibility of the protrusion member 6I falling off the straight pipe 32I can be reduced compared to when adhesive alone is used. Here, the protrusion 67 is composed of a first portion 67a of the first part 610 and a second portion 67b of the second part 620. By inserting the protrusion 67 into the holes 3d, the possibility of the protrusion 67 separating into the first portion 67a and the second portion 67b is reduced. This makes it easier to maintain the bonded state between the first part 610 and the second part 620.

[0242] 50 is an explanatory diagram of the installation of the piping member 10I. The piping member 10I is arranged on the downstream side of the second elbow 52 with the upstream end 3a inserted into the socket 521 of the second elbow 52. When the piping member 10I is connected to the socket 521 of the second elbow 52, ​​the pair of holes 3d of the standpipe 3I are hidden by the socket 521.

[0243] By disposing the protruding member 6I, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10I is not constant, and there is a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10I is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32I. The protruding member 6I is located closer to the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3I than to the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6I is located at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3I. In other words, the protruding member 6I reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3I that connects to the second elbow 52.

[0244] In this embodiment, the piping member 10I includes a protruding member 6I. The presence of the protruding member 6I is expected to (1) facilitate water flow along the pipe wall more easily than without the protruding member 6I, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6I reduces pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52, ​​thereby improving the flow rate. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the piping member 10I does not require a large radius of curvature on the inner circumferential surface of the inner circumferential side of the second elbow 52, ​​simply by including the protruding member 6I, thereby enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6I can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6I is located inside the upright pipe 3I, making it less noticeable when viewed from the perspective of the piping system 1I as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1I as a whole.

[0245] Furthermore, the protruding member 6I has a protruding portion 6i in a region between the apex 6e and the second end 6b. Compared to when the protruding portion 6i is not present, the path of the flow (mainly the flow F1) along the protruding member 6I can be extended. This promotes the Coanda effect of the protruding member 6I, and the flow rate can be improved. Furthermore, the presence of the protruding portion 6i makes it possible to improve the strength of the region of the protruding member 6I between the apex 6e and the second end 6b.

[0246] The shape of the protruding member 6I will be described in more detail below.

[0247] As can be seen from FIGS. 30, 32, and 34 to 39, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the protruding member 6I seen from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I.

[0248] 30, the height of the protruding member 6I varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the stand pipe 3I. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6I has a top portion 6e and a protruding portion 6i.

[0249] The top 6e is located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top 6e is the highest part of the protruding member 6I. The top 6e makes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3I the smallest.

[0250] The protrusion 6i extends from a portion between the top 6e and the second end 6b toward the center of the standpipe 3I when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the protrusion 6i is located at the second end 6b. The protrusion 6i does not protrude beyond the top 6e when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I.

[0251] The height of the protruding member 6I increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the apex 6e. The height of the protruding member 6I decreases monotonically from the apex 6e toward the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the height of the protruding member 6I decreases from the apex 6e to the protruding portion 6i, and then increases or decreases according to the shape of the protruding portion 6i.

[0252] As shown in Figure 30, in a cross section perpendicular to the width direction of the protruding member 6I, the main surface 61 includes a curved shape at the apex 6e that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c. This improves the flow rate. From another perspective, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to produce the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the second elbow 52. In other words, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that produces the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the second elbow 52. This improves the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0253] See Figures 30 and 31. If the dimension of the protruding portion 6i as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is a and the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I (the inner diameter of the straight pipe 32I) is d, then 0.01d≦a≦0.05d holds. This makes it possible to improve the flow rate. If the dimension of the protruding portion 6i as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is b and the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I is d, then 0.01d≦b≦0.05d holds. This makes it possible to improve the flow rate.

[0254] In Figure 31, the shape of the protruding member 6I when the height of the protruding member 6I monotonically decreases from the apex 6e toward the second end 6b is shown by a two-dot chain line. The dimensions a and b of the protruding portion 6i can be set based on the shape shown by the two-dot chain line. The dimension a may be the maximum amount of protrusion from the shape shown by the two-dot chain line. The dimension b may be the distance between the upstream and downstream boundaries of the shape shown by the two-dot chain line and the protruding portion 6i.

[0255] In a cross section perpendicular to the width direction of the protruding member 6I, the protruding portion 6i includes a curved shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c. This improves the flow rate. From another perspective, the protruding portion 6i may have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to generate the Coanda effect. In other words, the protruding portion 6i may have a shape that generates the Coanda effect downstream of the apex 6e. This improves the flow rate. Here, if the radius of curvature of the upstream corner 6j1 and the downstream corner 6j2 of the protruding portion 6i as viewed in the width direction of the protruding member 6I is r, then r≦a or r≦b. Preferably, r≦a and r≦b. The upstream corner 6j1 and the downstream corner 6j2 may have different radii of curvature.

[0256] As shown in Figure 32, the protrusion 6i is located at the second end 6b and is formed across the entire width of the second end 6b.

[0257] 35, at least a part of the protruding portion 6i has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I, which can contribute to reducing pressure loss in the protruding member 6I.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 30, the protrusion member 6I induces a flow F1 along the protrusion member 6I, mainly along the main surface 61. The protrusion member 6I has a protrusion 6i at a portion between the apex 6e and the second end 6b. Referring to FIG. 31, a flow F4 can be generated along the protrusion 6i downstream of the flow F1. As a result, the path of the flow F1 can be extended compared to when the protrusion 6i is not present. This promotes the Coanda effect by the protrusion member 6I, and the flow rate can be improved. Furthermore, the protrusion 6i itself generates the Coanda effect, making it easier to induce the flow F4.

[0259] As can be seen from FIGS. 34 to 39, the shape of the main surface 61 seen from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I.

[0260] 34 and 36, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I, at least a portion of the main surface 61 has a concave shape. At least a portion of the main surface 61 is a portion of the main surface 61 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I, the radius of curvature of at least a portion of the main surface 61 (first end 6a) is equal to or smaller than the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I. This reduces pressure loss at the protruding member 6I.

[0261] As shown in FIGS. 34 to 38, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a but a convex shape at the second end 6b. That is, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I changes from a concave shape to a convex shape from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This facilitates flow along the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6I. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 38, the shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is convex at the top 6e. The shape of the main surface 61 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is convex in the range from the top 6e to the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6I has a flat portion 6f between the first end 6a and the top 6e. As shown in FIG. 37, at the flat portion 6f, the main surface 61 has a planar shape as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I.

[0262] Within the concave area of ​​the main surface 61, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the lowest part of the concave shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6I. Within the convex area of ​​the main surface 61, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the highest part of the convex shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6I. In this embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center of the protrusion member 6I in the width direction.

[0263] As can be seen from FIGS. 34 to 39, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I.

[0264] 34 and 36, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I, at least a portion of the first side surface 62 is concave. At least a portion of the first side surface 62 is a portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the first side surface 62 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss at the protrusion member 6I.

[0265] 34 and 36, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I, at least a portion of the second side surface 63 is concave. At least a portion of the second side surface 63 is a portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the second side surface 63 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss at the protrusion member 6I.

[0266] The shape of the first side surface 62 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3I remains concave from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As can be seen from Figures 38 and 39, the depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 becomes shallower from the apex 6e toward the second end 6b. This allows the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6I.

[0267] The shape of the second side surface 63 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3I remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As can be seen from Figures 38 and 39, the depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 becomes shallower from the apex 6e to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protruding member 6I.

[0268] See Figure 32. In the protrusion member 6I, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6I along the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. This can improve the flow rate.

[0269] As shown in FIG. 32, the width of the protruding member 6I varies along the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The width of the protruding member 6I refers to the width of the protruding member 6I at the portion closest to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I. In this embodiment, the width of the protruding member 6I corresponds to the width of the first surface 60a of the protruding member 6I. The protruding member 6I has a first varying portion 6g and a second varying portion 6h between the first end 6a and the second end 6b, where the direction of the width change changes. The first varying portion 6g is located between the first end 6a and the apex 6e, more specifically, the flat portion 6f. The second varying portion 6h is located between the apex 6e and the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6I increases monotonically from the first end 6a to the first varying portion 6g. The width of the protruding member 6I decreases monotonically from the first varying portion 6g to the second varying portion 6h. The width of the protruding member 6I increases monotonically from the second transition portion 6h toward the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6I is largest at the first transition portion 6g. The width of the protruding member 6I at the first transition portion 6g is the maximum dimension of the first surface of the protruding member 6I in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b of the protruding member 6I face each other. The width of the protruding member 6I at the first transition portion 6g is, for example, 50 mm or more and 100 mm or less. For example, the width of the protruding member 6I at the first transition portion 6g is 60 mm when the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I corresponds to a nominal diameter of 75 mm, 78 mm when the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I corresponds to a nominal diameter of 100 mm, and 96 mm when the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I corresponds to a nominal diameter of 125 mm. This facilitates the process of fixing the protruding member to the straight pipe with adhesive. As shown in Figure 34, the maximum width of the protruding member 6I as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I (the width at the first transitional portion 6g) is defined as W1. If the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I is d, then 0.38 ≤ W1 ≤ 1.00d, preferably 0.50d ≤ W1 ≤ 0.90d. Here, if the maximum value of the distance between the first separating wall 64 and the second separating wall 65 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is W2, then 0.3d ≤ W2 ≤ 0.7d. W2 ≤ W1.

[0270] The width of the main surface 61 narrows from the first end 6a to the second end 6b, at least from the first end 6a to the apex 6e. This configuration allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the protruding member 6I. In this embodiment, the width of the main surface 61 decreases monotonically from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0271] The first side surface 62 includes a portion whose width increases from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side increases in width from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side includes the portion of the first side surface 62 from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6f.

[0272] The second side surface 63 includes a portion whose width increases from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. More specifically, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side increases in width from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side includes the portion of the second side surface 63 from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6f.

[0273] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are formed on a part of the protruding member 6I, not on the entirety, in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 exist in a predetermined range from the first end 6a along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The predetermined range is the range from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6f.

[0274] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 becomes shorter from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6I, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6I.

[0275] The heights of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decrease from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6I, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6I.

[0276] See Figure 38. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I, the distance between the top 6e of the protruding member 6I and the second wall surface 30c is defined as D1. It is preferable that the protruding member 6I satisfy the relationship 0.60d≦D1≦0.95d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52. This can therefore improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0277] The height of the top 6e of the protruding member 6I as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3I is defined as H1. H1=d-D1. It is preferable that the protruding member 6I satisfy the relationship 0.05d≦H1≦0.40d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52. This can therefore improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0278] The maximum flow cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical pipe 3I is defined as A. The maximum flow cross-sectional area A can be calculated from the inner diameter d of the vertical pipe 3I. In other words, A = π(d / 2) 2The cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6I at the top 6e is defined as A1. In the protruding member 6I, it is preferable that A1 / A≦0.5, and more preferably that A1 / A≦0.4. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization. The minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10I is defined as A2. A2 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6e of the protruding member 6I. A2 is A−A1. In the protruding member 6I, it is preferable that 0.5≦A2 / A<1, and more preferably that 0.6≦A2 / A<1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0279] As described above, the protrusion member 6I has an end surface 68 at the second end 6b. Figure 42 is a comparison diagram between the protrusion member 6I according to this embodiment and the protrusion member 600, which does not have the end surface 68. The protrusion member 600 is identical to the protrusion member 6I except that it does not have the end surface 68. In the protrusion member 600, the second end 6b is tapered when viewed in the width direction of the protrusion member 600. At the second end 6b, the height of the protrusion member 600 becomes zero. From Figure 42, it can be said that the protrusion member 6I has a shape obtained by cutting the portion of the protrusion member 600 on the second end 6b side in a direction perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The height of the protrusion member 6I decreases monotonically from the apex 6e toward the protruding portion 6i. If the length of the protrusion member 6I were extended downstream, the protrusion member 6I would have a hypothetical portion where the height of the protrusion member 6I becomes zero. The portion where the height of the protruding member 6I is 0 may correspond to the second end 6b of the protruding member 600.

[0280] The protrusion member 6I can have a smaller dimension in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I than the protrusion member 600. In particular, the protrusion member 6I has a shape in which the portion of the protrusion member 600 on the second end 6b side that protrudes from the straight pipe 32I to the outside is cut off. In other words, when the protrusion member 600 is placed in the straight pipe 32I, the portion of the protrusion member 600 on the second end 6b side protrudes outward from the second end of the straight pipe 32I. The second end 6b of the protrusion member 600 is thin and therefore easily damaged. Therefore, when the protrusion member 600 is placed in the straight pipe 32I, there is a possibility that the protrusion member 600 will be damaged during transportation, etc.

[0281] In contrast, the protruding member 6I has an end surface 68, and the position of the end surface 68 is set so that the protruding member 6I is contained within the straight pipe 32I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3I, as shown in FIG. 30 . In this embodiment, the length of the protruding member 6I (the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b) is shorter than the length of the straight pipe 32I. That is, in the piping member 10I, the entire protruding member 6I is located within the straight pipe 32I. This allows the protruding member 6I to be protected by the straight pipe 32I, compared to when only a portion of the protruding member 6I protrudes from the straight pipe 32I. This reduces the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6I.

[0282] As shown in FIG. 30 , in the piping member 10I, the length of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is defined as L [m]. The length of the straight pipe 32I is preferably equal to or greater than L and equal to or less than 4 m. The inner diameter d of the straight pipe 32I is preferably 20 mm≦d≦160 mm. This allows for the provision of a piping member 10I suitable for use as an indoor pressure piping or an outdoor drainage piping. Furthermore, resin piping with an inner diameter of 20 mm to 160 mm is typically sold in 3- or 4-meter increments. This improves marketability and ease of use. Furthermore, the number of components, such as sockets, used to connect the straight pipes can be reduced, thereby reducing external noise. Furthermore, if the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is defined as L1, it is preferable that 0.1 L≦L1≦0.5 L be satisfied. This improves the flow rate. Furthermore, the distance between the first end 32a of the straight pipe 32I and the first end 6a of the protrusion member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is preferably 0 mm or more and 0.1 d or less, and more preferably 0 mm, which can improve the flow rate.

[0283] In particular, in the piping member 10I, it is preferable that the length of the straight pipe 32I is greater than L. In this case, when installing the piping member 10I, for example, the straight pipe 32I of the piping member 10I can be cut to the required length and connected to the second elbow 52 or the like on-site, allowing for flexible response to on-site conditions (e.g., loss reduction in an unplanned location). Furthermore, the straight pipe 32I can be cut to the required length and used on-site, and the remaining portion cut from the straight pipe 32I (the portion without the protruding member 6I) can be used for another purpose as a normal straight pipe, thereby reducing loss. Since it is less likely that the piping member 10I will be too short, the parts and work required to add straight pipe to make up for the length can be reduced, resulting in less installation work and reduced external noise.

[0284] The protrusion member 6I has the advantage that the dimension in the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3I can be made smaller than that of the protrusion member 600, and breakage can be prevented. Such a change in shape between the protrusion member 6I and the protrusion member 600 can also cause a change in pressure loss. Therefore, the change in pressure loss caused by the difference in shape between the protrusion member 6I and the protrusion member 600 was evaluated. Figure 43 is a graph showing the change in pressure loss due to the protrusion member 6I compared to the protrusion member 600.

[0285] 52, the vertical axis represents the pressure loss in the piping member 10I. The horizontal axis represents the length percentage [%]. The length percentage [%] is the percentage of the distance from the apex 6 e to the second end 6 b of the protrusion member 6I relative to the distance from the apex 6 e to the second end 6 b of the protrusion member 600.

[0286] In Figures 30 and 51, the distance L between the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is represented by L' to distinguish it from the distance L between the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protruding member 600 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is represented by L2'. In Figure 51, the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protruding member 600 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is represented by L. The distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b of the protruding member 600 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is represented by L2. The distance between the second end 6b of the protruding member 6I and the second end 6b of the protruding member 600 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is represented by ΔL. L2 = L2' + ΔL, and L = L' + ΔL. The length percentage [%] is calculated as L2' / L2 x 100.

[0287] In FIG. 52, a length ratio of 100% indicates that the shape of the protrusion member 6I is identical to that of the protrusion member 600. A length ratio of 0% indicates that the shape of the protrusion member 6I extends from the first end 6a to the apex 6e. The height of the protrusion member 6I decreases monotonically from the apex 6e to the second end 6b. Therefore, as the length ratio decreases, the height of the protrusion member 6I at the second end 6b increases. From FIG. 52, it can be seen that the effect of reducing pressure loss decreases as the length ratio decreases. However, the relationship between the length ratio and pressure loss is not linear; pressure loss increases exponentially with a decrease in the length ratio. In other words, the increase in pressure loss with a decrease in the length ratio is relatively gradual. In other words, it can be said that the decrease in the effect of reducing pressure loss with a decrease in the length ratio is limited. Taking these points into consideration, L2' is set to satisfy the following condition. That is, if the height of the protrusion member 6I at the top 6e is H1 and the height of the protrusion member 6I at the second end 6b is H2, then 0.05H1≦H2≦0.90H1 holds. This allows for an improvement in flow rate while still enabling miniaturization. In particular, the length of the protrusion member 6I can be made shorter than that of the protrusion member 600. This allows for a reduction in the size of the protrusion member 6I. Furthermore, compared to the protrusion member 600, the protrusion member 6I has fewer thin portions downstream of the protrusion member 6I, which may reduce the possibility of breakage of the protrusion member 6I.

[0288] Here, it is preferable that the relationship between the protrusion member 600 and the height L satisfies 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while still enabling miniaturization. As described above, L=L1+L2'+ΔL. If the reduction in height of the protrusion member 600 per unit length from the apex 6e to the second end 6b is constant, then (H1-H2) / L2'=H2 / ΔL. In other words, ΔL=H2 / (H1-H2)×L2'. Therefore, the formula 0.5d≦L≦5.0d can be rewritten using L1 and L2' as 0.5d≦L1+H1 / (H1-H2)×L2'≦5.0d. Therefore, in the protrusion member 6I, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe 32I is d, the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is L1, and the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is L2', then it is preferable that 0.5d≦L1+H1 / (H1-H2)×L2'≦5.0d.

[0289] [1.10.2 Effects, etc.] The protruding member 6I described above is disposed in a straight pipe (standpipe 3I) located downstream of an elbow (second elbow 52) that changes the direction of the flow path, thereby partially reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe. The protruding member 6I includes a first surface 60a having an outer circumferential portion 601 that can contact the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe (inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I), and a second surface 60b located opposite the first surface 60a and acting on the fluid flowing through the flow path. The outer circumferential portion 601 has a groove 603 along at least a portion of the outer periphery of the first surface 60a. This configuration improves flow rate while enabling compactness and reduces manufacturing costs. Furthermore, this configuration facilitates the process of fixing the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe with an adhesive.

[0290] In the protrusion member 6I, the groove 603 is located at a position 1 mm or more and 15 mm or less from the outer periphery of the first surface. The width of the groove 603 is 0.5 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. The depth of the groove 603 is 0.2 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less. This configuration makes it easier to fix the protrusion member 6I to the straight pipe with an adhesive.

[0291] In the protrusion member 6I, the groove 603 has a first inner surface 6031 corresponding to a first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other, and a second inner surface 6032 corresponding to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. This configuration makes it easier to fix the protrusion member 6I to a straight pipe with an adhesive.

[0292] In the protruding member 6I, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) is d, the maximum dimension of the first surface in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other is 0.5d to 1.0d. This configuration makes it easy to fix the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe with an adhesive.

[0293] The protruding member 6I described above is disposed in a straight pipe (standpipe 3I) located downstream of an elbow (second elbow 52) that changes the flow path direction, partially reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe. The protruding member 6I has a first surface 60a facing the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe (inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I) and a second surface 60b located opposite the first surface 60a and acting on the fluid flowing through the flow path. The first surface 60a includes an outer circumferential portion 601 that can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a and a central portion 602 recessed from the outer circumferential portion 601. This configuration improves flow rate while enabling compact size and reduces manufacturing costs. Furthermore, this configuration reduces the overflow of adhesive that secures the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe.

[0294] In the protrusion member 6I, the dimension of the central portion 602 in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other is 10% to 40% of the maximum dimension of the first surface 60a in the second direction. This configuration can further reduce the overflow of the adhesive that fixes the protrusion member 6I to the straight pipe.

[0295] In the protruding member 6I, the central portion 602 is symmetrical in the second direction with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6I. This configuration can further reduce the overflow of adhesive that fixes the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe.

[0296] In the protruding member 6I, the central portion 602 is entirely surrounded by the outer peripheral portion 601. This configuration can further reduce the overflow of the adhesive that fixes the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe.

[0297] The protruding member 6I described above is disposed in a straight pipe (standpipe 3I) located downstream of an elbow (second elbow 52) that changes the direction of the flow path, and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe. The protruding member 6I has a first surface 60a facing the inner circumferential surface of the straight pipe (inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3I) and a second surface 60b opposite the first surface 60a that acts on the fluid flowing through the flow path. The protruding member 6I includes a first portion 610 on the third end 6c side in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first surface 60a and the second surface 60b face each other, and a second portion 620 on the fourth end 6d side in the second direction. The second portion 620 has a protrusion 626 on the first surface 60a side of the second portion 620 that extends toward the third end 6c. The first portion 610 has a recess 616 on the first surface 60a side of the first portion 610, into which the protrusion 626 fits. The protrusion 626 and the recess 616 are located in a recessed position relative to a portion of the first surface 60a that can contact the inner circumferential surface 30a. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization, and can reduce manufacturing costs. Furthermore, this configuration can reduce the possibility of separation between the first portion 610 and the second portion 620.

[0298] In the protrusion member 6I, the first surface 60a includes an outer peripheral portion 601 that can come into contact with the inner peripheral surface 30a, and a central portion 602 that is recessed from the outer peripheral portion 601. The protrusion 626 and the recess 616 are located in the central portion 602. This configuration reduces the possibility that the protrusion 626 and the recess 616 will get in the way when fixing the protrusion member 6I to a straight pipe.

[0299] In the protrusion member 6I, the first part 610 has a hollow first outer part 611 having an opening 611b on a third surface 611a facing the second part 620, and a first boss 612 extending from the first outer part 611 towards the second part 620. The second part 620 has a hollow second outer part 621 having an opening 621b on a fourth surface 621a facing the first part 610, and a second boss 622 extending from the second outer part 621 towards the first part 610 and coupled to the first boss 612. This configuration can further reduce the possibility of separation between the first part 610 and the second part 620.

[0300] In the protruding member 6I, the tip of the second boss 622 is located between the tip of the protrusion 626 and the fourth surface 621a in the second direction. This configuration makes it easy to join the first part 610 and the second part 620 together.

[0301] In the protruding member 6I, the second outer portion 621 has a peripheral wall portion 625 that protrudes from the periphery of the opening 621b in the fourth surface 621a toward the third end 6c and surrounds the opening 621b in the fourth surface 621a. The first outer portion 611 has a receiving portion 615 around the opening 611b in the third surface 611a into which the peripheral wall portion 625 fits. In the second direction, the tip of the second boss 622 is located between the tip of the protrusion 626 and the tip of the peripheral wall portion 625. This configuration reduces the possibility of fluid entering through a gap between the first part 610 and the second part 620. Furthermore, this configuration makes it easier to join the first part 610 and the second part 620.

[0302] The protruding member 6I has a first end 6a facing the upstream side in the third direction along the flow path, a second end 6b facing the downstream side, and a top portion 6e located between the first end 6a and the second end 6b and minimizing the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0303] The protruding member 6I has a protruding portion 6i that extends from a portion between the top portion 6e and the second end 6b toward the center of the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) when viewed from the third direction, but does not protrude beyond the top portion 6e. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0304] In the protruding member 6I, if the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the third direction is L and the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6e in the third direction is L1, then 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0305] In the protruding member 6I, when the maximum flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) is A and the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member 6I at the top 6e is A1, A1 / A≦0.5. This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0306] The protruding member 6I has an end face 68 at the second end 6b that intersects with the third direction. If the height at the top 6e is H1 and the height at the second end 6b is H2, then 0.05H1≦H2≦0.90H1 is satisfied. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0307] The piping member 10I described above includes a protruding member 6I and a straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I), and the protruding member 6I is fixed to the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) with an adhesive. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization, and can reduce manufacturing costs.

[0308] The piping system 1I described above comprises a vertical pipe 3I, a horizontal pipe 4 between the inlet 2b and the vertical pipe 3I, a first elbow 51 between the inlet 2b and the horizontal pipe 4, a second elbow 52 between the horizontal pipe 4 and the vertical pipe 3I, and a protruding member 6I arranged so that at least a portion of the vertical pipe 3I is a straight pipe. The protruding member 6I is fixed to the straight pipe (vertical pipe 3I) with an adhesive. This configuration enables miniaturization while improving flow rate and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0309] The piping member 10I described above is a piping member that constitutes at least a part of a piping system 1I for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater, and includes a straight pipe 32I having a first end 32a and a second end 32b, and a protrusion member 6I that is disposed inside the straight pipe 32I on the side of the first end 32a and that partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe 32I. If the length of the protrusion member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is L [m], the length of the straight pipe 32I is L or more and 4 m or less, and if the inner diameter of the straight pipe 32I is d, then 20 mm≦d≦160 mm. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0310] In the piping member 10I, the protruding member 6I has a peak 6e that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area between the first end 6a and the second end 6b, which respectively face the first end 32a and the second end 32b of the straight pipe 32I. If the distance between the first end 6a and the peak 6e of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is L1, then 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L. If the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A1, then (A−A1) / A≦0.4. This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0311] In the piping member 10I, the distance between the first end 32a of the straight pipe 32I and the first end 6a of the protruding member 6I in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe 32I is not less than 0 mm and not more than 0.1 d. This configuration can improve the flow rate.

[0312] In the piping member 10I, the protruding member 6I is formed separately from the straight pipe 32I and fixed to the straight pipe 32I. This configuration makes it possible to improve the shape precision of the protruding member.

[0313] [2. Modifications] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described embodiments 1 to 10. Various modifications of the above-described embodiments 1 to 10 can be made depending on the design, etc., as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Modifications of the above-described embodiments 1 to 10 are listed below. The modifications described below can be applied in appropriate combinations.

[0314] In the following, reference will be made to the symbols used in embodiment 1, even though they are applicable to any of the above embodiments 1 to 10. However, this is merely to simplify the description and is not intended to exclude application to embodiments 2 to 10.

[0315] In one modified example, the protruding members 6 may be provided on both the standpipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. That is, the piping system 1 may include a protruding member 6 that is located on the inner periphery of the second elbow 52 at the second elbow 52 side end of at least one of the straight pipe sections on the upstream and downstream sides of the second elbow 52, ​​and that partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section. Note that the protruding members 6 provided on the standpipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 do not necessarily have to have the same shape and dimensions, and may have different shapes and dimensions.

[0316] In the above embodiment, the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 31 are formed separately, but the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 31 may be formed integrally. This also enables the size to be reduced while improving the flow rate. In this case, the socket 521 may not be necessary in the second elbow 52. The mark 313 may also not be necessary in the first straight pipe section 31. Similarly, the second elbow 52 and the first straight pipe section 31 may be formed integrally.

[0317] In a modified example, the first end 6a of the protrusion member 6 does not necessarily need to coincide with the corner portion 520c of the second elbow 52. FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view of a downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1 according to a modified example. In FIG. 53, the first end 6a protrudes from the corner portion 520c. That is, the protruding amount of the protrusion member 6 from the first straight pipe portion 31 is large. Let the inner diameter of the straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4) connected to the receiving port 522 of the second elbow 52 be d. Usually, the inner diameter d of the horizontal pipe 4 is equal to the inner diameter d of the vertical pipe 3. Let the distance between the corner portion 520c and the first end 6a be G1. It is preferable that G1 < d / 50. In this case, the possibility that the protrusion of the first end 6a from the corner portion 520c affects the fluid flow can be reduced. FIG. 54 is a cross-sectional view of a downstream portion of the second elbow 52 of the piping system 1 according to another modified example. In FIG. 54, the first end 6a recedes from the corner portion 520c. That is, the protruding amount of the protrusion member 6 from the first straight pipe portion 31 is small. In this case, let the inner diameter of the straight pipe (horizontal pipe 4) connected to the receiving port 522 of the second elbow 52 be d, and the distance between the corner portion 520c and the first end 6a be G2. It is preferable that G2 < d / 20. In this case, the possibility that the fact that the first end 6a does not reach the corner portion 520c affects the fluid flow can be reduced.

[0318] [[ID=�]] In a modified example, the vertical pipe 3I may be composed of a single pipe material instead of a plurality of pipe materials. Even in this case, the protrusion member 6I may be arranged with at least a part of the vertical pipe 3I as a straight pipe. Here, at least a part of the vertical pipe 3I is the entire vertical pipe 3I.

[0319] In a modified example, the straight pipe portions such as the vertical pipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4 may be composed of a plurality of pipe materials instead of a single pipe material.

[0320] In a modified example, each of the first and second elbows 51, 52 may be selected from a 90° elbow (so-called, DL) defined in JIS K 6739, a 90° large bend elbow (so-called, LL) defined in JIS K 6739, and a 45° elbow (so-called, 45L). The dimensions of the first and second elbows 51, 52 do not necessarily need to be set in accordance with the standards of JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Fittings for Drainage".

[0321] In one modification, the shape and dimensions of the protruding member 6 are not limited to those in the first to tenth embodiments.

[0322] In one modified example, the protrusion member 6I may not have an end surface 68. For example, the second end 6b of the protrusion member 6I may have a tapered shape when viewed in the width direction of the protrusion member 6I. This is the same configuration as the protrusion member 600 shown in FIG. 52. In this case, the distance between the top 6e and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is defined as L2. L2 may be L2 = L - L1, and preferably L2 > L1. This can further reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the second elbow 52. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization. Furthermore, if the inner diameter of the standpipe 3I is d and the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I is L, then 0.5d ≦ L ≦ 5.0d may be satisfied. This can improve the flow rate.

[0323] In one modification, the protruding member 6I may not have the protrusion 6i.

[0324] In one modified example, the second direction may correspond to the height of the protrusion member 61. That is, in the protrusion member 61, the first portion 610 may be configured as an upstream portion, and the second portion 620 may be configured as a downstream portion, which are separate members.

[0325] In one modified example, the protruding member 6I does not necessarily have to have an outer shape that is mirror-symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the second direction.

[0326] In one variation, the first portion 610 does not have to occupy the half of the protruding member 61 on the third end 6c side, and the second portion 620 does not have to occupy the half of the protruding member 61 on the fourth end 6d side.

[0327] In one modified example, the position of the protrusion 6i is not limited to the second end 6b, but may be between the apex 6e and the second end 6b. In one modified example, the protrusion member 6I may have a plurality of protrusions 6i between the apex 6e and the second end 6b. The protrusions 6i may be formed integrally with the protrusion member 6I, or may be formed separately and attached thereto.

[0328] In one modified example, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the protrusion member 6I may have a shape that is asymmetric with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6I along the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I. The shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be individually set depending on the installation environment of the piping system 1I or the piping member 10I, and do not necessarily have to be a shape that is symmetric with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6I along the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3I.

[0329] In one variation, the protruding member 6I does not necessarily have to have an end surface 66.

[0330] In one modified example, the shape, number, and arrangement of the protrusions 67 of the protrusion member 6I may be changed as appropriate depending on the shape, number, and arrangement of the holes 3d of the standpipe 3I. For example, the first portion 67a and the second portion 67b of the protrusion 67 may also serve as gates when forming the first portion 610 and the second portion 620 of the protrusion member 6I by injection molding. The holes 3d may be cutouts. The position of the holes 3d is not limited to the upstream end portion 3a. The protrusions 67 and the holes 3d are preferably provided so as to facilitate positioning of the protrusion member 6I relative to the standpipe 3I. However, the protrusion member 6I does not necessarily have to have the protrusions 67.

[0331] In one variant, the protruding member 6I does not need to be entirely contained within the riser pipe 3I. In particular, the fourth end 6d of the protruding member 6I may protrude to the outside from the riser pipe 3I.

[0332] In one modified example, the means for fixing the protruding member 6I to the straight pipe 32I is not limited to adhesive bonding, but may be welding (for example, ultrasonic welding, etc.). Note that adhesive bonding and welding may be used in combination.

[0333] In one modified example, the protrusion member 6I may be formed integrally with the straight pipe 32I, as in the first embodiment. This eliminates the need for the work of fixing the protrusion member 6I to the straight pipe 32I, thereby enabling more efficient manufacturing of the piping member 10I.

[0334] In one modified example, the straight pipe 32I of the piping member 10I may have a mark 313. The mark 313 is placed on the first end 32a side of the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe 32I. In other words, the mark 313 is placed on the end side of the straight pipe 32I where the protruding member 6I is located. The mark 313 may indicate the position of the center line of the protruding member 6I. This allows the worker to grasp the position of the protruding member 6I, making it easier to assemble the piping member 10I.

[0335] In one modified example, the piping member 10I does not necessarily have to be disposed downstream of the second elbow 52. The piping member 10I may be disposed upstream of the second elbow 52. In this case, it is preferable to provide a protruding member 600 instead of the protruding member 6I. The piping member 10I can also be attached to a tee, not just an elbow. As an example, referring to FIG. 20, the piping member 10I can be connected to any of the first to third sockets 110a to 110c of a tee 110. That is, in the piping member 10I, the straight pipe 32I may be connected to a fitting (elbow, tee). The fitting has multiple sockets, including at least two sockets that intersect. In particular, the elbow has two sockets that intersect, and the tee has three sockets, including two sockets that intersect. Here, the first end 32a of the straight pipe 32I is connected to any one of the multiple sockets of the fitting. That is, the protruding member 6I is disposed at the end of the straight pipe 32I on the joint side.

[0336] In one modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the piping system 1 may be different from those of the above-described embodiments 1 to 10. For example, unlike the above-described embodiments 1 to 10, in the piping system 1, the shape of the second elbow 52 and / or the shape of the standpipe 3 may be polygonal rather than circular.

[0337] In one variation, the material of each component of the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of each component of the piping system 1 may be determined according to the requirements of the piping system 1, and may be, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Furthermore, the material of each component of the piping system 1 may be a metal instead of a synthetic resin.

[0338] In one modification, the first straight pipe section 31 may not have the mark 313 .

[0339] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the eaves gutter 2. For example, if the building 11 has a structure with an inlet (water collection port) such as a balcony, the first elbow 51 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the inlet (water collection port) of the building 11.

[0340] In one modified example, the drain 7 may have a structure that is generally not considered to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphoning phenomenon. In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the drain 7. The drain 7 is not an essential component of the piping system 1, and may be provided as appropriate taking into consideration the installation environment of the piping system 1, etc.

[0341] In one modification of the sixth embodiment, the pipe 141 may not include the fourth elbow 143.

[0342] In one modified example, the piping system 1 is not limited to a gutter system, which is a type of drainage system, but may also be applied to other drainage systems such as a sewerage system, or to water supply systems such as a drinking water system. In other words, the protrusion member or piping member can be used in a system that supplies or drains water. Furthermore, the piping system 1 can be a piping system for transporting a target fluid within a facility such as a factory. In other words, the fluid transported by the piping system 1 is not limited to rainwater.

[0343] [3. Aspects] As is apparent from the above-described embodiment and modifications, the present disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0344] [Aspect 1] A piping system forming a flow path, Vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe between the inlet and the vertical pipe; a first elbow located between the inlet and the horizontal pipe; a second elbow between the horizontal pipe and the vertical pipe, the second elbow having a smaller radius of curvature than the first elbow; one or more protrusion members that are located on at least one of the inner circumferential side of the second elbow at the downstream end of the horizontal pipe and the inner circumferential side of the second elbow at the upstream end of the vertical pipe, and that partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path; Equipped with Piping system. [Aspect 2] The first elbow and the second elbow are 90° elbows. 1. The piping system of embodiment 1. [Aspect 3] the vertical pipe includes a first straight pipe section directly connected to the downstream side of the second elbow and a second straight pipe section connected to the downstream side of the first straight pipe section, the one or more protruding members are on the first straight pipe section; The length of the first straight pipe section is 1.0 m or less. 3. The piping system of embodiment 1 or 2. [Aspect 4] the one or more protruding members are located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow at the upstream end of the upright pipe, The one or more protruding members are separate from the upright pipe. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3. [Aspect 5] the one or more protruding members are located on the inner circumferential side of the second elbow at the upstream end of the upright pipe, The vertical distance between the upstream end of the one or more protrusion members and the downstream opening point of the standpipe is 2.0 m or more. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4. [Aspect 6] The length of the horizontal pipe is 2.0 m or less. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5. [Aspect 7] The distance between the inlet and the first elbow is 0.5 m or less. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6. [Aspect 8] The first elbow is a 90° large bend elbow specified in JIS K 6739. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7. [Aspect 9] The second elbow is a 90° elbow specified in JIS K 6739. The piping system of any one of embodiments 1 to 8. [Aspect 10] When the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A1, (A-A1) / A≦0.5. The piping system according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9. [Aspect 11] When the inner diameter of the flow path is d and the length of the protrusion member in the direction of the flow path is L, 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. The piping system according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0345] [Aspect 12] the one or more protruding members have a peak portion that is located between an upstream end and a downstream end and that minimizes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow path; When the inner diameter of the flow path is d and the height of the top of the protrusion member is H, 0.05d≦H≦0.40d. The piping system of any one of aspects 1 to 11.

[0346] The above aspects 2 to 12 are optional elements.

[0347] [Aspect 21] A piping member constituting at least a part of a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, a straight pipe having a first end and a second end; a protrusion member disposed on the first end side of the straight pipe to partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe; Equipped with When the length of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L [m], the length of the straight pipe is equal to or greater than L and equal to or less than 4 m, When the inner diameter of the straight pipe is d, 20 mm ≦ d ≦ 160 mm. Piping components.

[0348] [Aspect 22] The straight pipe has a mark on the outer circumferential surface of the straight pipe near the first end, the mark indicating the position of the center line of the protruding member. The piping member of embodiment 21.

[0349] [Aspect 23] the protruding member has a top portion that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area between a first end and a second end that respectively face the first end and the second end of the straight pipe, When the distance between the first end and the top of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L1, 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L; When the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A1, (A-A1) / A≦0.4. The piping member of aspect 21 or 22.

[0350] [Aspect 24] The distance between the first end of the straight pipe and the first end of the protrusion member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0 mm or more and 0.1 d or less. The piping member of embodiment 23.

[0351] [Aspect 25] The protruding member is formed separately from the straight pipe and fixed to the straight pipe. The piping member according to any one of embodiments 21 to 24.

[0352] [Aspect 26] The protruding member is integrally formed with the straight pipe. The piping member according to any one of embodiments 21 to 24.

[0353] [Aspect 27] The straight pipe is connected to a fitting, the coupling has a plurality of sockets including at least two sockets that are oriented in cross directions; The first end of the straight pipe is connected to one of the plurality of sockets of the fitting. The piping member according to any one of embodiments 21 to 26.

[0354] The above aspects 22 to 27 are optional elements. [Industrial Applicability]

[0355] The present disclosure is applicable to a piping system. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to a piping system including an elbow. The present disclosure is also applicable to a piping member. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to a piping member that constitutes at least a part of a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more. [Explanation of symbols]

[0356] 1I Piping System 10I Piping components 32I straight pipe 32a 1st end 32b 2nd end 6I Projection member 6a 1st end 6b 2nd end 6e top 52 Second elbow (joint) 521,522 Underbite

Claims

1. A piping member constituting at least a part of a piping system for transporting a fluid having a Reynolds number of 4000 or more, a straight pipe having a first end and a second end; a protrusion member disposed on the first end side of the straight pipe to partially reduce a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe; Equipped with When the length of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L [m], the length of the straight pipe is equal to or greater than L and equal to or less than 4 m, When the inner diameter of the straight pipe is d, 20 mm ≦ d ≦ 160 mm. Piping components.

2. the straight pipe has a mark on the outer circumferential surface of the straight pipe on the first end side, the mark indicating the position of the center line of the protruding member; The piping member according to claim 1.

3. the protruding member has a top portion that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area between a first end and a second end that respectively face the first end and the second end of the straight pipe, When a distance between the first end and the top of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is L1, 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L is satisfied; When the maximum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A and the minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area is A1, (A-A1) / A≦0.

4. The piping member according to claim 1.

4. a distance between the first end of the straight pipe and the first end of the protruding member in the direction of the central axis of the straight pipe is 0 mm or more and 0.1 d or less; The piping member according to claim 3.

5. The protruding member is formed separately from the straight pipe and fixed to the straight pipe. The piping member according to claim 1.

6. The protruding member is integrally formed with the straight pipe. The piping member according to claim 1.

7. The straight pipe is connected to a fitting, the coupling has a plurality of sockets including at least two sockets that are oriented in cross directions; the first end of the straight pipe is connected to one of the sockets of the fitting; The piping member according to claim 1.

Images