Crane with bracing frame and method for bracing the crane

Abstract

To effectively reduce cable wear in generic cranes.SOLUTION: A bracing frame 18 can be connected to a boom 16 via a bracing 42 and is connected to an upper carriage via an actively adjustable bracing cable, wherein the bracing cabling comprises a bracing cable 42 mounted on a cable winch so that it can be wound up and unwound. According to the disclosure, the crane comprises a variable-length traction element, via which the bracing frame can be connected to the boom in an articulated manner and which is designed to exert a tractive force on the bracing frame in the direction of the boom. The disclosure also relates to a method for moving a crane according to the disclosure into a braced operating position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The invention relates to a crane according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular a mobile lattice boom crane, and and a method for moving such a crane into a braced operating position. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally known lattice boom cranes usually have a lower section with a crawler chassis. A rotatable upper carriage attached to the lower carriage and a horizontal angle adjustment axis are centered on the upper carriage. The lattice boom is usually attached to the upper carriage. The vehicle has a link part connected to the main bogie and a plurality of lattice parts, and these lattice parts are bolted together. The main boom is formed by connecting the two booms together.

[0003] The boom of a lattice boom crane generally has a large bracing angle relative to the boom. Additional bracing frames are used to provide additional leverage around the boom pivot point. Bracing via frame (also known as A-frame, SA-frame or standing frame) The bracing frame is related to the upper carriage that is offset to the boom. It is jointed so that it can pivot about a horizontal pivot point, and usually has multiple bracings. It is connected to the boom via a bracing system with rods or tension rods. The bracing frame is attached to the upper bogie via a length-adjustable bracing system. The bracing cable was wound and unwound by the cable winch on the upper carriage. By doing so, the bracing frame rotates around the pivot point, thereby The angle can be adjusted up and down.

[0004] In this type of crane, the force required to raise the heavy main boom is borne by the bracing. This occurs in the cable winch of the system. To enhance the load-bearing effect of the bracing system (also called "cable"), the bracing system is usually The bogie and the bracing frame have a plurality of deflection pulleys. The cable is wound multiple times around the flexion pulley. The force is transferred to the boom and bracing frame. The tension is transmitted to the tip of the boom via the tension rod of the bracing frame between the booms. do.

[0005] The bracing is often split into two bracing lines, with one or more bracing The bracing frame tension rods are connected to the bracing frame in an articulated manner, and a plurality of The boom tension rod is connected to the boom. Therefore, the bracing frame tension rod is transported as a unit with the product. The boom rods are assigned to the bracing frame during transport, and the boom tension rods are attached to the The bracing frame tension rods are assigned to each lattice section. The boom tension rod is connected to the connection point before the crane is used. Bracing of the bracing system for a raced upward tilt driving condition The boom is tilted upward about its tilt axis by winding up the lifting cable. The bracing must be connected and tensioned at the connection points so that the The force required for this is generated by the cable winch as mentioned above.

[0006] When winding cables onto a cable winch, it is important to be careful of cable crossing points, especially in the various cable layers. The cable may be damaged at the point of impact. In a multi-layer cable winch, the layers are always wound axially opposite each other on the cable drum. and the cable pitch per turn must be at least 1x the cable diameter. Therefore, there are two of these crossing points on each cable turn (one turn of cable (This corresponds to the cable wound after one complete rotation of the cable drum.) In the case of multi-layer windings, the crossover points are determined by the grooves in the cable drum. The cable drum with LeBus grooves is made of two axially spaced cables. The grooves are divided into two parallel groove regions (also called parallel regions) and two groove regions with an axial pitch (pitch regions). In the parallel region, the cables extends parallel to the flanged pulley (i.e., perpendicular to the drum axis) and the upper layer of winding ( The second and higher cable layers each have two cables from each lower cable layer. In the pitch region, the cable extends just between the cable drum radius and the winch. At the intersection point, it enters the next parallel groove area (or cable gap). Enter.

[0007] In the parallel region, the lateral pressure from the upper cable layer is transmitted to the cable winding from the lower cable layer. The force is transmitted laterally to the punch through two line contacts.

[0008] On the other hand, in the pitch region, the cable circumference only contacts with one line, and all the lateral pressure is The load on the cable increases as it crosses the lower coil and moves downward. When leaving a groove, the cable rises radially and the cable is able to move freely without damage in this area. The lateral pressure that can be transmitted between the coils is small (there is only one lateral line contact with the lower coil). ), so there are higher loads in this area. At the overlapping intersection points, there is less area available to transmit the same lateral load (intersection points Because of this, the maximum load or maximum lateral pressure occurs.

[0009] Such tensioning systems typically consist of multiple strands of individual steel wires. A wire cable with a plastic insert is usually used to separate the strands. Ensures a structural bond. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] The main cause of damage to crossing points during operation is when the cable is wound onto the cable winch. The cable traction force is insufficient when winding it onto the cable winch. If the value is too small, the cable strands will become loose or move, causing problems along the cable. The pressure stability (resistance of the cable to deformation due to lateral loads from upper layers) is reduced.

[0011] The cable strands and wires are forced together by the cable traction force, The coiled cables are better supported together, so the lateral forces on the coiled cables are If the lateral pressure stability is too low, the cable may be pushed to the upper layer at the crossing point. The load causes elastic and plastic deformation in the cable. Plastic deformation is caused by the influence of lateral load. This causes permanent ovalization of the cable, which can lead to breakage and subsequent disposal. Therefore, according to the manufacturer's specifications, to permanently reduce this damage, the wire cable are normally wound with a traction force of at least 10% of the nominal load (or 2.5% of the minimum breaking load). It must be.

[0012] When raising the main boom after connecting the bracing line, the bracing cable When being wound onto a cable winch, it goes through several stages and gets caught in the cable. First, the cable is connected to the bracing line at the connection point. The cable is then pulled out from the cable winch until it can be connected to the By winding it onto the cable winch, the bracing frame can be rotated back again (and (The boom is rotated in the direction away from the boom.) Here, the boom does not move and the two connected At this stage, only the bracing line is under tension, so the bracing and Only the weight of the bracing frame acts on the cables. The weight of the bracing frame (empty load) generates a torque around the pivot of the bracing frame, The pulling force of the bull becomes large enough to exceed this torque, and the bracing frame moves upward. This means that there is very little traction force on the cable during this tensioning stage ( Therefore, the required tractive force of at least 10% of the nominal force cannot be obtained.) At this stage, The cable is wound onto a cable winch with a weak traction force and combined into a cable coil has poor lateral pressure stability.

[0013] As soon as the bracing frame is tensioned, it will pivot backwards. Continue lifting the boom. At first, the boom is in a flat position, so maximum pulling force is This pulling force acts on the cable and decreases as the boom angle increases. Therefore, when the bracing line is in a straight position, the boom cannot be lifted. The maximum lifting force is required for the bracing tension rods to lift the boom. The steeper the slope, the less pulling force the cable must apply to hold and adjust the boom. .

[0014] While the boom is raised (tilting up phase (tilting up phase)), The cable coil wound around the bracing is adjusted while the tension is being adjusted (tensioning stage). The cable rests on the lower cable coil, which is wound up with a small traction force. The coil is pulled by the upper cable coil with a large traction force at its crossing point. The weight puts pressure on the cable, resulting in increased wear on the cable.

[0015] In this context, the object of the present invention is to effectively reduce the wear on cables of general-purpose cranes. And so. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a crane having the features of claim 1 and a crane having the features of claim 14. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims and the following description. This is due to the fact that

[0017] Therefore, on the one hand, there is an upper carriage and an angle-adjustable (tiltable) The boom is tiltable and the bracing frame is articulated to the upper carriage. A crane, particularly a mobile lattice boom crane, is proposed, having a frame. The carriage is rotatably mounted on a movable lower carriage. It can be connected to the boom via bracing. The boom and bracing frame are Each is preferably mounted on an upper carriage so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis.

[0018] The bracing frame can be articulated to the upper carriage at a distance from the boom. That is, the parallel pivot axes of the bracing frame and the boom can be arranged at a certain distance from each other. Alternatively, the bracing frame and boom may be pivoted about a common pivot axis. It is also possible to attach it to the upper carriage so that the

[0019] The bracing frame is connected to the upper platform via actively adjustable bracing cables. The bracing cable is wound up by the crane's cable winch. The bracing frame has a retractable bracing cable. Adjustment of the cable, i.e. winding and unwinding of the cable around its pivot point This is connected to the boom via a bracing frame. Therefore, when the bracing frame rotates (sways), the boom also rotates (sways). (Provided that the sling is under tension.)

[0020] According to the invention, the crane is provided with a variable length towing element, and the bracing frame is The bracing frame is connected to the boom in an articulated manner via a traction element and is connected to the boom in the direction of the bracing frame. This traction force is applied to the bracing frame and the brake. The torque generated by the weight of the bracing acts on the bracing frame. This additional torque generated by the variable length traction element acts in the opposite direction to the lever action of the The cable is then tugged to increase the traction force of the bracing cable line, allowing the cable to be tugged with greater traction. This causes the lower layer on the cable winch to Coil layer cable windings, i.e., cable windings wound early in the boom lift during the tensioning phase As a result, these cable coils are This eliminates the large lateral load of the cable coil above, reducing cable wear. This increases the time it takes to discard the cable.

[0021] In a possible embodiment, the traction element is articulated to the bracing frame and at least one connecting means by which the traction element can be removably connected; In the connected state, the traction element is connected to the brake. between the bracing frame and the boom, especially in the lower area of ​​the bracing frame and the boom (e.g. The boom is then fixed to the area of ​​articulation between the boom and the The towing element can be detachably connected to the boom, so sufficient weight of the boom is required. So, for example, if the bracing line is tensioned, the boom will When the bracing frame continued to rotate backward due to the weight of the machine, sufficient traction force was generated. After the lifting operation, it can be separated from the boom again without the need for a towing element.

[0022] The traction elements may be permanently or removably connected to the bracing frame. In the former case, a stopper can be provided on the bracing frame, The stop defines a parking position for the towing element while the towing element is not connected to the boom. The towing element can be locked in the parked position or removed completely. The weight of the towing element allows it to be attached to a designated storage position, for example on a crane. If the auxiliary crane or auxiliary winch moves or pulls the towing element to prevent it from swinging backwards, may be required for fixation.

[0023] In another possible embodiment, the towing element is laterally attached to a bolting point in the lower region of the boom. The bolting points are preferably articulated to the upper carriage. This allows the towing element to be attached to the existing bolted fastenings of the boom. This allows the traction element according to the invention to be attached to existing clay points. The boom can be retrofitted to one or more booms in the area of ​​the link members. It can be connected to the upper carriage via a fallback cylinder, and this fallback cylinder The boom follows the boom during operation and prevents it from tipping backwards unexpectedly. The pulling element is attached to the bolting point between the two sections of the boom via the cross member, especially the lifting Bolting points between the frame member and the lattice member bolted to it It is also possible to make it possible to connect to

[0024] In another possible embodiment, the bracing is articulated to the bracing frame. The first bracing line is attached to the boom, and the second bracing line is connected to the boom in an articulated manner. These bracing lines are detachable from each other via a connecting means, The bracing lines are preferably fastened to one another by means of bolts. Preferably, the first bracing line remains connected to the bracing frame; The second bracing line remains connected to the boom. The second bracing line shall consist of at least one rigid bracing rod or tension rod. The second bracing line preferably has a plurality of bracing rods. The lattice sections are connected and attached to the boom during transport. When force is applied, the bracing is particularly stiff, meaning that it cannot be adjusted in length. By rotating the bracing frame, the boom also rotates at a set angle. do.

[0025] In another possible embodiment, the bracing cable is attached to the bracing frame. and guided by at least one deflection pulley attached to the upper carriage. The guide is provided by at least one deflection pulley attached to the shaft. In this state, the cable passes through multiple deflection pulleys on the bracing frame and multiple deflection pulleys on the upper bogie. It is guided by several deflection pulleys, i.e. it passes through multiple times, The bracing system forms a pulley block. The cable winch is By lifting the bracing frame, the bracing frame can be rotated towards the rear of the upper carriage (angle Adjustment) to allow the bracing frame to be connected to the booster The tilt adjustment mechanism is configured to tilt the frame upward.

[0026] Preferably, the cable winch or its drum body has a sinusoidal shape as described above. The cable winch is available as a single cable winch or a double cable winch. It can be configured as inches.

[0027] In a further possible embodiment, the traction element is a bracing, a bracing frame and a bracing element. The traction force exerted by the traction element is the weight of the aforementioned parts and This traction force acts in addition to the force generated by the bracing. A certain torque is generated in the frame, and this torque is balanced by the cable with a corresponding high traction force. This maintains balance.

[0028] The additional traction force is especially important to improve the lateral pressure stability of the corresponding cable coil. additional traction elements are added to the bracing of the crane, It is not simply a by-product of elements present in the frame or other parts.

[0029] In yet another possible embodiment, the traction element is adapted to rotate the bracing frame backward. The towing element and the boom are preferably configured to be separated when The boom is configured not to be lifted while the traction element is operating. The weight of the boom needs to be large enough. In this way, the boom can be moved by the variable length towing element. Acts as an anchor point for applying additional traction. Stretching (traction) is purely passive. It may be static (for example, using a spring) or actively controlled. The pulling element and boom are designed so that the amount of torque acting on the bracing frame is proportional to the weight of the boom itself. The torque acting on the boom is always smaller than the torque acting on the boom due to the load.

[0030] Therefore, in another possible embodiment, the traction element is passively length adjustable and the spring element and / or elastic elements (such as elastic tension bands), so that, in particular, traction The pulling force generated by the element increases with the angle of the bracing frame relative to the boom. do.

[0031] In other embodiments, the traction elements are actively length adjustable, and a tensioning mechanism is provided to extend or shorten the traction elements. The actuator may be, for example, a hydraulic cylinder or a cable-driven The traction element may be a drive or a spindle drive, as required. To manipulate the elemental dynamics, active actuators as well as springs or tension bands are used. Preferably, the traction element is connected to the hydraulic system of the crane. In one embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic cylinder.

[0032] In a further possible embodiment, the actuator may provide a constant or variable or changing tractive force. However, over time and / or over the full swing angle of the bracing frame be added to the sing frame and controlled and / or adjusted by the crane's control unit. The actuator is preferably configured as a hydraulic cylinder and is Constant or variable traction force is set over time and / or over the entire turning angle Preferably, the cable winch is also controlled and operated by the control unit. This allows the control unit to adjust the lift depending on the state of the traction element. It is also possible to operate the cable winch and the traction element in synchronous operation. The control unit may be connected to the crane control unit or to another control unit connected to it. You may do so.

[0033] In yet another possible embodiment, the crane is connected to a control unit and Bracing forces transmitted through the bracing, i.e., The bracing has a measuring device capable of measuring the force. The measuring device is preferably disposed on the bracing. At least one transducer, e.g., a transducer with one or more strain gauges The control unit is composed of a bracing frame and a control cell. If the bracing force exceeds a defined limit, it is applied to the bracing frame via the traction elements. In particular, reduce it to zero or turn the switch to reduce the available tractive force. When the force transmitted by the bracing exceeds a certain limit, When the bracing is turned, tension is applied to the bracing frame, causing it to pivot backward. The weight of the boom is applied to the bracing frame. The bracing and the cables are acted on through the frame, so the cables are free of traction elements. Even if the load is large enough, the cable is reeled in by a cable winch with a large tractive force that ensures stability. This means that no additional pretensioning of the traction element is required.

[0034] The control unit controls the amount of force applied via the traction element in response to exceeding a defined limit value. The tractive force applied to the vehicle is reduced, or preferably set to zero or This is especially important when the control unit switches the actuators of the traction elements to zero. The lifting process is then completed by switching off the traction elements. Detach but remain connected to the bracing frame and boom, or lift Interrupt the lifting process and disconnect the towing element from the boom (bracing frame if necessary). (parking position on the system or other positions on the crane) .

[0035] In yet another possible embodiment, the crane is a sensor connected to the control unit. It has at least one of the following sensors that make their measurements available to the control unit: do.

[0036] The crane shall be equipped with at least one sensor for detecting the angular position of the bracing frame. This may be, for example, a cable winch and / or a cable By detecting the position, the fallback cylinder of the bracing frame (rear cylinder) by detecting the position of the cylinder and / or the angular position of the bracing frame This can be done by directly detecting

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, the crane may include a small sensor for detecting the angular position of the boom. At least one sensor can be provided. This can be used, for example, to detect a boom fallback. By detecting the position of the cylinder and / or the angular position of the bracing frame indirectly by detecting the angular position of the boom and / or directly by detecting the angular position of the boom. This can be done by:

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, the crane may have a tractive force exerted by a tractive element. At least one sensor may be provided for detecting, for example, the need for traction. This can be done by a load cell connected to the traction element. This ensures correct operation and prevents overloading of surrounding structures (especially in the event of a malfunction).

[0039] Alternatively or additionally, the crane may be equipped with a device for detecting the position and / or length of the towing element. In particular, at least one sensor can be provided for detecting the end position of the traction element. The minimum and maximum extension positions can be detected using appropriate sensors. A number of end position sensors detect when the traction element is fully retracted and / or extended. The control unit is notified of the maximum extension length of the traction element. The sensor may be damaged if, for example, the bracing rod of the bracing is not properly connected. It can be used to detect malfunctions and protect the towing element or crane from damage.

[0040] The control unit receives signals from at least one sensor and determines the speed based on the sensor data. This reduces the traction forces applied to the bracing frame through the traction elements, especially to zero Reduce or switch off the power and / or brake the cable winch, especially In particular, the control unit is configured to stop the cable winch when a fault occurs. If necessary, the lifting process can be accessed and the cable can be used to prevent damage. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit shall be designed to provide a corresponding warning to the operator (e.g., visual and / or acoustic warning signals). It can be configured as follows.

[0041] The control unit is preferably configured to perform the lifting process automatically. Therefore, the process of generating additional cable pretension must be particularly e.g. The traction element is then automatically For example, the power can be automatically turned off by the control unit. allows the towing element to be disconnected from the boom and moved to a stop position if required. The operation of the bracing frame can be automatically stopped as shown below.

[0042] In another possible embodiment, the crane comprises a lower carriage with a crawler carrier, The upper carriage is mounted on the lower carriage for rotation about a vertical axis of rotation. The traction element is also configured as a mounting cylinder for mounting the crawler carrier. Optionally, the hydraulic cylinder may include or be a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder can also be lifted or removed from the bracing frame. Preferably, the driver or traction element remains permanently attached to the bracing frame. stomach.

[0043] As a result, the traction elements perform a dual function depending on the application. For example, For assembly and disassembly, the traction element can be removed from the bracing frame and It can be used as an assembly cylinder in a combined manner (also this is (This is also possible if the boom remains in the racing frame.) To tension the bracing, a towing element is attached between the bracing frame and the boom. This creates additional pretension and provides sufficient traction to the bracing cable. This reduces the number of parts that need to be stored on the crane. Less is needed.

[0044] Generally, two or more traction elements are provided, for example, two traction elements are aligned parallel to each other. and can be mounted sideways, i.e. at the same height, between the bracing frame and the boom. Multiple traction elements may be mounted at different positions from the boom pivot axis and / or the bracing frame pivot axis. It is also possible to mount them at a distance.

[0045] The present invention also provides a method for moving the crane according to the present invention to a bracing operation position. In particular, this method prevents the brace from being pulled during the lifting process of the crane boom. especially when the gearbox is still not transmitting tractive force or is transmitting only a low tractive force. It is used when tensioning the boom bracing or during the tensioning stage. At this stage, the weight of the boom is not yet acting on the bracing frame and therefore on the cables. Since no cable is used, the cable is wound onto the cable winch with a small cable tension.

[0046] The method of the present invention comprises the following steps, which do not necessarily have to be performed in the order shown: The steps are: Steps connecting the towing element to the boom, especially to the boom linkage connected to the upper carriage. a step in which the boom is in a prone (sideways) state without being braced; The step of connecting the bracing to the boom, especially with regard to the bracing frame The first bracing line connected in a jointed manner is connected to the boom in a jointed manner. connecting to a second bracing line; Pull the bracing frame away from the boom so that tension is applied to the bracing connected earlier. pivoting the upper carriage away from the upper carriage, i.e., toward the upper carriage; Apply additional pretension to the bracing cable or cable during bracing tensioning. To achieve this, the traction element is used to pull the bracing frame in the opposite direction to its pivoting movement. generating a force; Preferably, the towing element is disengaged and / or the towing element is decoupled from the boom. a subtraction step; Step to adjust the boom angle by continuing to rotate the bracing frame backward. Pu and, Includes.

[0047] In one possible embodiment of this method, the tensile force transmitted through the tension element is measured. If the measured traction force exceeds a defined limit, the traction force is reduced, in particular to zero. or switched off, so that when the cable is wound onto the cable winch To guarantee a specific minimum cable traction force, additional pretensioning of the traction elements is no longer necessary. It will disappear.

[0048] The method according to the invention obviously provides the same advantages and characteristics as the crane according to the invention. Therefore, the possible implementations of the crane according to the present invention are as follows: The above discussion of morphology also applies to this method as appropriate.

[0049] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are given in conjunction with the drawings. It is obtained from light. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0050] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a preferred exemplary embodiment of a crane according to the present invention in a braced state without traction elements. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the crane according to FIG. [Figure 3] 3a-3c are schematic side views illustrating different stages of the pulling element-less boom raising process. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing the boom raising process with integrated traction elements at different stages from those shown in FIGS. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing the boom raising process with integrated traction elements at a different stage than in FIGS. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing the boom raising process with integrated traction elements at a different stage than in FIGS. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic side view showing a boom raising process with an integrated traction element at a different stage than those shown in FIGS. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] 1 and 2 are side views and a side view of a preferred exemplary embodiment of a crane 10 according to the present invention. The exemplary embodiment described here is a vehicle with two side crawlers. A lower carriage 12 having a crawler chassis with a carrier 13 and a vertical axis of rotation. a mobile lattice boom having an upper carriage 14 mounted on a lower carriage 12 for rotation; The crane 10 has an upper carriage 14 with a horizontal pivot 17 and a horizontal pivot shaft 17. The boom 16 is articulated. This boom 16 is shown here only as a schematic line. In particular, the upper carriage 14 is attached to a pivot link part, which is connected by a bolt. and a plurality of lattice boom sections that are connected to each other, which together form the boom 16. It is being formed.

[0052] The boom 16 is braced by a bracing 20 having a plurality of tension rods. To increase the angle relative to the boom 16, a bracing frame is used. The boom 18 pivots relative to the upper carriage 14 about a pivot axis 19 parallel to the boom pivot axis 17. The bracing frame 18 is supported by rigid bracing 20 (in tension). The bracing frame 18 is connected to the boom 16 through a bracing frame 18, and the boom 16 is rotated. 6 can be adjusted up and down.

[0053] The bracing 20 is divided into two parts: the upper area of ​​the bracing frame 18 a first bracing line 21 connected in an articulated manner to the boom 16, particularly the The second bracing line 22 is connected to the tip in a jointed manner. The wheel 10 is disassembled into several parts and transported separately. Line 21 is assigned to the bracing frame 18, and the second bracing line 22 is It is composed of multiple tension rods assigned to each lattice section of the boom 16, and in particular The first bracing line 21 is also made up of multiple tension rods. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 2, the bracing 20 is made up of first and second braces. It has two parallel bracing lines consisting of sing lines 21 and 22.

[0054] Figures 3a to 3c show how to assemble the boom, i.e., how to brace the boom 16. The figures show several positions of the crane 10 during lifting (boom force). It moves and therefore rises by pivoting the platform frame 18. The upper carriage 14 is connected to the upper carriage 14 via a disengageable bracing cable 24. The tension cable line 24 has a tension cable 42 (abbreviated as "cable"). The casing cable 24 is connected to a cable winch 40 or cable The cable 42 is mounted so that it can be wound and unwound on a winding drum. The bracing frame 1 is attached so that the bracing cable 24 forms a pulley block. 8. A plurality of deflection pulleys rotatably mounted on the 28 and a plurality of deflection pulleys 27 rotatably mounted on the rear of the superstructure. In FIG. 2, the cable winch 40 is a double cable winch. , and both ends of the cable 42 are connected to the rotatable drum of the cable winch 40. However, only one end of the cable 42 is connected to the cable winch 40. It is also possible to use a single cable winch connected.

[0055] The cable winch 40 is disposed on the cylindrical drum body and on the side of the end surface of the drum body. The flange disc is attached to the drum during winding (multi-layer winding). The cable 42 wound around the body is prevented from slipping off and is forcibly pressed against the upper winding layer. The drum body has a rotation axis for winding or unwinding the cable 42. In particular, the drum body of the cable winch 40 has the above-mentioned A sinusoidal groove or LeBus groove is provided in which the cable coil The geometric orientation of the cable is determined in the first cable layer and is then applied to all subsequent cables. This ensures the most compact and repeatable winding pattern is produced.

[0056] The force required to raise the heavy boom 16 is generated solely by the cable winch 40. The pulling force of the cable 42 is transmitted to the boom 16 via the bracing 20.

[0057] To assemble the bracing 20, place the boom 16 on the ground (or on a trolley). , the bracing lines 21, 22 are gathered together and then connected to a connecting means 23, in particular The bolts are connected to each other in an articulated manner. The single frame 18 pivots forward toward the boom 16 and the first bracing line 21 The bracing frame 18 is made up of two bracing The angle of the connecting means 23 of the grains 21 and 22 is adjusted (tilted) until they can be connected to each other. Next, the bracing frame 18 is pivoted back towards the upper truck 14, and the bracing frame 18 is The lacing 20 is slowly tensioned until it reaches the position shown in Figure 3b. Since the bracing 20 is not under tension, the bracing frame 18 can be rotated backward. The boom 16 cannot be lifted by rotating it. This stage can also be called the tensioning stage. From the moment the lacing 20 is stretched (therefore the two bracing lines 21 and 22 Although the bracing lines run substantially parallel (see Figure 3b), they are not themselves tensioned. (Note that there is always a slight sag due to the weight of the bracing frame 18) Further swinging back lifts the boom 16 off the ground or its support. tilted in the direction (see Figure 3c).

[0058] 3a to 3c show the cable of the cable winch 40 for each crane configuration. In each figure, the cable winch 40 is wound along the drum shaft. The cable coil is shown as a longitudinal section through the parallel groove area. The winding is shown differently depending on the tractive forces acting at different stages during winding.

[0059] In the state shown in FIG. 3a, the cable 42 is almost completely pulled out and cannot be pulled out. The safety coil 50 is shown as being unconnected and therefore unused. The coil 51 represents a cable coil wound with a small traction force, which is shown in FIG. The force is the weight of the bracing frame 18 and the first bracing line 21 (shown by the force arrow F1). 3a, only the cable 42 is acted upon. The cable 42 is pulled out from the cable winch 40 until the connecting means 23 can be connected. Then, by winding up the cable 42, the bracing frame 18 is rotated backward again. Make it spin.

[0060] Even after the bracing lines 21, 22 are connected during the tensioning stage, the bracing Only the load of the small weight of the bracing frame 18 and the bracing frame 20 acts. A small torque is generated around the pivot 19 of the shaft 18. The pulling force of the cable 42 is The force is large enough to overcome the torque and pivot the bracing frame 18 upward. Therefore, the cable coil 51 wound in this manner has a small lateral pressure stability. Not too much.

[0061] Once the bracing 20 is fully tensioned (see Figure 3b), the boom 16 can be The maximum lifting force (indicated by arrow F2) is required to lift the boom 16 off the surface. The higher the slope, the more effort the cable 42 must make to hold and adjust the boom 16. The traction force that does not occur becomes smaller (see arrow F3 in Figure 3c).

[0062] The dashed lines in Figures 3b and 3c show the position of the bracing frame 18 in Figure 3a, and the angular region The regions 61, 62, and 63 are assigned to the respective cable coils 51, 52, and 53. In the angle region 61 (i.e., during the tensioning phase), the cable coil 51 is wound with a small traction force. The largest traction force is exerted on the angle region 62 (the first section of the angle adjustment stage). The corresponding cable coil 52 is wound on top of the loosely wound cable coil 51. In the angle region 63 (the latter part of the upward angle adjustment stage), the boom 16 is placed in a steep position. Again, a very small pulling force acts on the cable coil 53 shown in light grey. Corresponds to.

[0063] The object of the present invention is to provide a bracing 20 that is wound during tensioning in order to enhance lateral pressure stability. The cable drum 40 is wound with a coil 51. The coil 51 forms the bottom winding layer of the cable drum 40. The key is to

[0064] For this purpose, according to the invention, a variable length traction element 30 is provided, which It is mounted between the casing frame 18 and the boom 16 to This exerts an additional traction or pretensioning force on the cable 42. When the lacing 20 is stretched, the weight of the moving parts alone acts on the cable 42. The cable is wound onto the cable winch 40 with a larger traction force than that of the cable winch 40. These cable coils 51 have improved lateral pressure stability and therefore effective cable wear. is reduced to

[0065] 4-7 show various positions of the traction element 30 during bracing and erection of the boom 16. 1 is a side view of the crane 10 of the present invention in a disassembled state. 1 to 3c show a state in which the traction element 30 is not attached. It should be noted that this may be considered a schematic diagram of the crane 10.

[0066] In the exemplary embodiment shown, the traction element 30 is an actively adjustable hydraulic system. However, instead of this, other actuators, e.g., spindles, Electric actuators such as handle drives or cable drives, or bearings such as springs Dynamic elements may also be used. Hydraulic cylinder 31 is used to add hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic system of crane 10. and a control unit (not shown in detail) connected to the ) and can be controlled, among other things, by crane control systems.

[0067] Depending on the desired control, the traction element 30 may apply a constant or variable traction force to the bracing frame. As a result, a torque is applied to the bracing frame 18. The torque is generated to rotate the bracing frame 18 backward, i.e., the boom 1 The rotational movement away from the cable 42 is countered by a corresponding large pulling force. It is something that is done.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 4, the traction element 30 is located between the bracing frame 18 and the boom 16. The traction element 30 is attached to the other end of the boom 16. The connecting means 32 are provided for articulating the connection to suitable connecting points on the The connection points are the existing bolted points between the boom linkage and the subsequent lattice section. or other connections within or on the linkages of the lattice boom 16 Alternatively, the towing element 30 may be attached to an already delivered crane 10. It may be attached to the boom 16 via a cross member so that it can be retrofitted.

[0069] To brace the boom 16, first place the boom 16 on the ground or on a trolley. Place it on the support device. The bracing frame 18 swings forward towards the boom 16. The traction element 30 pivotally mounted on the bracing frame 18 is If the angle exceeds 90°, gravity will separate it from the bracing frame 18. The bracing frame 18 is pivoted to a substantially vertically aligned position. The means 32 swings around until it can be connected to the connection point of the boom 16 (see Figure 4). The lifting frame 18 is rotated toward the boom 16 by the withdrawal of the cable 42. At some point, the traction element 30 shortens (i.e., hydraulically) until it reaches its minimum length or end position. The cable winch 42 and the traction element 30 are thus This allows the traction elements 30 to be synchronized and controlled in a desired manner. In this position, a sufficient number of cable coils are 40 inches, allowing the cable coil to be pulled out with greater pulling force ( (See the right side of Figure 4, which shows a longitudinal section through the cable winch 40 in this position.) The deflected cable coil is pulled out by the cutout pulleys 28 and 29 during operation. The cable winch was wound with too little pretension (remaining coil 5 in Figure 4). 1) is not important because it does not reach the deflection pulleys 28, 29.

[0070] In order to tension the mutually connected bracing lines 21, 22 in an articulated manner, The bracing frame 18 is then subjected to a constant force generated by the traction elements 30 (see FIG. 5). and winding the cable 42 onto the cable winch 40 against an additional traction force (variable or not). The traction element 30 is pulled away. The additional pulling force of 30 (actively generated in this exemplary embodiment) causes cable 4 2 traction force is increased, which improves the lateral pressure stability of the cable over the entire range. (See light grey cable coil 51' in FIG. 5). The boom 16 is 30 to prevent the boom 16 from lifting off the support. is heavy enough to act as an anchor point.

[0071] The process of generating additional cable pretension by the traction element 30 is carried out by the tensioning device (tensioning device As soon as the load transmitted by )20 causes a sufficient pulling force on cable 42 , preferably switched off in a scheduled manner by the control unit. The braces 21 and 22 are tensioned, and the weight of the boom 16 is 0 acts on the cable 42 (see FIG. 6). The corresponding cable coils, shown in color and designated by reference numeral 52, are additional pre-wires for the traction element 30. Even without tension, the cable winch 40 has enough pulling force to reel in the cable. The load transmitted through the device is preferably recorded using a load transducer. When a certain limit value is exceeded, this limit value is stored in the control unit and can be changed at will. The traction elements 30 can be deactivated or switched off by the control unit.

[0072] In principle, the traction element 30 can keep the bracing frame 18 and the boom 1 even when the power is turned off. However, the traction element 30 may be configured to maintain a connection with the After the switch is turned off, it is preferable to disconnect the mechanical connection to the boom 16. The element 30 is then pivoted back to, for example, a bracing frame defined at a stop position. Parking position of the wheel 18. Prevents uncontrolled back turns. To this end, the towing element 30 can be secured, for example, by an auxiliary winch or an auxiliary crane. Alternatively, the towing element can be detached from the bracing frame 18 and, if necessary, mounted on a crane. It may be stored in 10 specific storage locations.

[0073] When the bracing 20 is tensioned, the bracing 20 will tighten as the cable 42 continues to reel up. The frame 16 is lifted from its support and rises (the traction force of the bracing frame 18). (See Figure 7, which also shows the possible parking positions of the boom 16.) 42 (see dark grey cable coil 52 in FIG. 7). The associated cable coil 52 was previously wound when the traction element 30 was activated. A lateral load is applied to the cable coil 51'. The traction force is increased by the traction element 30. The cable coil is wound in a state where the cable is in a lateral load, so the cable has greater stability. As a result, these cable winches 51' are no longer damaged or suffer less wear. It will disappear.

[0074] The bracing and erection processes described above are at least partially automated; Alternatively, full automation is preferred, which can be done, for example, as follows. After connecting the traction element 30 to the boom 16, the crane operator controls the crane control system to start the cable pulley tensioning process, which will then automatically For this purpose, the traction element 30 has its end positions (minimum and maximum lengths) ) is attached. The angle position of the bracing frame 18 and the boom 16 The position is also detected. The measured values ​​are made available to the crane control system. The end position sensor signals the control unit when the traction element 30 is fully retracted The end position sensor for maximum length is used in the event of a malfunction (e.g., tension rod of bracing 20). This is used to detect the misconnection of the traction element 30 and protect the system from damage. The loads applied are also monitored, ensuring correct operation and preventing overloads on the surrounding structure. Prevented (especially in the event of a failure). [Explanation of symbols]

[0075] 10 Crane 11 Rotation axis 12 Lower bogie 13 Crawler carrier 14 Upper bogie 16. Boom 17 Swivel axis 18 Bracing frame 19 Swivel axis 20 Bracing 21 First Bracing Line 22 Second Bracing Line 23 Connection means 24 Bracing cable wire 28 Deflection pulley 29 Deflection pulley 30 Traction elements 31 Actuator (hydraulic cylinder) 32 Connection means 40 Cable Winch 42 Bracing Cable / Cable 50 Safety coil (not drawn out) 51 Cable coil (not unwound / tensioning stage without tensioning elements) 51' cable coil (tensioning stage with tensioning elements) 52 Cable coil (upward angle adjustment stage) 61 Angular area 62 angular area 63 Angular area

Claims

1. An upper carriage (14) and a tiltable boom (16) articulated to the upper carriage (14). ) and an angle-adjustable bracing frame (1) articulated to the upper carriage (14). 8) A crane (10), in particular a mobile lattice boom crane, having The bracing frame (18) is connected to the boom (1) via a bracing (20). 6), and the bracing frame (18) is an actively adjustable bracing frame. The bracing cable (24) is connected to the upper carriage (14), and the bracing The cable wire (24) can be wound and unwound by a cable winch (40). A bracing cable (42) attached to the cable winch (40) so as to and The bracing frame (18) can be connected to the boom (16) in an articulated manner. , exerting a pulling force on the bracing frame (18) in the direction of the boom (16). A crane (10) characterized by a variable length traction element (30) configured as follows.

2. The crane (10) of claim 1, The traction element (30) is articulated to the bracing frame (18), At least one connecting means (32) is provided, and the connecting means (32) connects the traction element ( 30) can be removably connected, in particular articulatedly connected to said boom (16) A crane (10) characterized in that:

3. A crane (10) according to claim 1 or 2, The towing element (30) can be connected to a bolting point in the lower region of the boom (16). The bolting points are preferably connected to the upper carriage (14). A crane (10) arranged on articulated link members.

4. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The bracing (20) is articulated to the bracing frame (18). a first bracing line (21) connected to the boom (16) in an articulated manner; and two bracing lines (21, 22), They are detachable from each other via a connecting means (23), in particular they are connectable in an articulated manner, and the first and / or the second bracing line (21, 22) preferably includes at least one bracing line. A crane (10) with a lacing rod.

5. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, The bracing cable (42) is attached to the bracing frame (18). and preferably at least one deflection pulley (28) provided at said upper The carriage (14) is guided by at least one deflection pulley (29). R, The cable winch (40) can wind up the bracing cable (42). The bracing frame (18) is rotated toward the rear of the upper carriage. , thereby connecting the bracing frame (18) to the bracing (20) The cable winch (4) is configured to tilt the boom (16) to which it is connected. 0) preferably has a sinusoidal groove and is suitable for single cable winches or double cable winches. A crane (10) configured as a bull winch.

6. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The traction element (30) is connected to the bracing (20), the bracing frame (1 8) and a crane (10) which is a separate element from said boom (16).

7. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, The towing element (30) is adapted to move the bracing frame (18) away from the boom (16). and configured to be pulled apart when pivoting away from said traction element (30) and The boom (16) preferably has a traction element (30) attached to the bracing frame. The crane is configured so that the boom (16) is not lifted while acting on the (18). N (10).

8. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The traction element (30) is passively length adjustable and is a spring element and / or an elastic element. A crane (10) having:

9. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The traction element (30) is actively length adjustable, and the traction element (30) can be stretched or contracted. The actuator (31) is preferably an oil-operated actuator. A crane (10) that is a pressure cylinder, cable drive or spindle drive.

10. A crane (10) according to claim 9, The actuator (31) is controlled and operated by the control unit of the crane (10). and / or adjustable, constant or varying traction force over time and / or The bracing frame (18) is supported by the support rod 14. (18), and preferably said cable winch (40) is also controlled by said control unit. A crane (10) that is controllable and / or adjustable by

11. A crane (10) according to claim 10, A brace connected to the control unit and transmitted through a tensioning device (20) a measuring device capable of measuring the bracing force, and the control unit When a defined limit value is exceeded, the bracing frame is pulled via the traction element (30). (18) is configured to reduce the tractive force applied to the The measuring device preferably includes at least one measuring device arranged on the bracing (20). A crane (10) having a constant sensor.

12. A crane (10) according to claim 10 or 11, As a sensor connected to the control unit, a sensor for detecting the angular position of the bracing frame (18); a sensor for detecting the angular position of the boom (16); a sensor for detecting the traction force exerted by said traction element (30); a sensor for detecting the position and / or length of said traction element (30); and The control unit controls the traction element ( 30) to reduce the traction force applied to the bracing frame (18), in particular reducing it to zero and / or braking said cable winch (40) to a stop in particular; A crane (10) configured as follows.

13. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, A lower carriage (12) having a crawler carrier (13) is provided, and the lower carriage (12) The upper carriage (14) is mounted rotatably about a vertical axis of rotation, preferably The traction element (30) is a mounting series for mounting the crawler carrier (13). The hydraulic cylinder (31) is configured as a runner or the hydraulic cylinder (31) ) Crane (10).

14. A crane (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13 in a bracing operating position.

1. A method for moving a device, comprising: The towing element (30) is articulated to the boom (16), in particular to the upper carriage (14). a step of connecting the boom (16) to a braced link member; a step in a prone position where the step is not performed; The step of connecting the bracing (20), in particular the bracing frame A first bracing line (21) connected in an articulated manner to the boom (18) is attached to the boom. A stage connected to a second bracing line (22) connected in an articulated manner to the frame (16). Top and The bracing frame (18) is tensioned to the bracing (20). pivoting the boom (16) away from the During the tensioning of the bracing (20), additional pre-tensioning is applied to the bracing cable line (24). In order to apply tension, the bracing frame (18) is rotated in the opposite direction to the pivoting movement. generating a traction force by the traction element (30); Preferably, the traction element (30) is disengaged and / or the traction element (30) is ) and the boom (16); The bracing frame (18) continues to swing, and the boom (16) tilting the A method having the following.

15. 15. The method of claim 14, The bracing force transmitted through the bracing (20) is measured. A method of reducing the traction force, especially to zero, when the bracing force exceeds a defined limit 。

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