Method for cultivating oyster mushroom culture medium using bamboo powder, oyster mushroom culture medium, and oyster mushroom

Abstract

To provide a method for cultivating an oyster mushroom culture medium capable of efficiently producing the oyster mushroom culture medium utilizing bamboo powder, and also to provide an oyster mushroom culture medium and an oyster mushroom obtained by the method.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a method for cultivating an oyster mushroom culture medium that includes preparing the oyster mushroom culture medium by mixing at least bamboo powder into a sawdust medium for oyster mushroom.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating oyster mushrooms on a mushroom bed using bamboo powder, an oyster mushroom bed, and oyster mushrooms, as well as the oyster mushroom bed and oyster mushrooms obtained thereby. [Background technology]

[0002] Bamboo has been used for a variety of purposes for many years, but recent changes in lifestyles, such as the import of cheap products, have led to a sharp decline in bamboo forests and bamboo lumber use, and the rapid increase in unmanaged, abandoned bamboo forests due to the aging of managers and a lack of successors, has become a major social problem. In 2017, the area of ​​bamboo forests in Japan was 167,000 hectares, reaching 42 hectares including invaded bamboo forests, an area equivalent to the area of ​​Nagasaki Prefecture. It has also been reported that the area has increased by approximately 10% over the past 30 years, and many bamboo forests are still left untouched. If we could improve this situation even a little and make effective use of it, it would be an effective method for farmers struggling with abandoned bamboo forests and oyster mushroom bed producers. Therefore, we wondered if we could use the bamboo powder as a material for making oyster mushroom beds.

[0003] Previously, there have been a number of methods for artificially cultivating mushrooms, including one using a culture medium primarily composed of powdered bamboo (Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-153853); a mushroom cultivation bed using bamboo-based compost that significantly promotes the growth of edible or medicinal mushrooms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2007-97487); a mushroom cultivation bed using bamboo powder, which promotes growth, protects the cultivated fruit from disease, and buffers it, and which can be decomposed and assimilated into the cultivation medium after harvest (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-70686); and the use of bamboo sawdust and bamboo chips as a mushroom culture medium substrate, substituting for hardwood sawdust (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-38584). However, no prior art has been found that uses bamboo powder to create mushroom beds for oyster mushrooms. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-153853 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-97487 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-70696 [Patent Document 4] Problems to be solved by the invention of JP 2017-38584 A

[0005] First, Japan's abandoned bamboo forests (bamboo that has been abandoned) have increased by approximately 10% over the 30 years from 14.7 hectares in 1986 to 16.7 hectares in 2017. This area is equivalent to the entire area of ​​Nagasaki Prefecture, and is increasing every year. This situation is not only affecting artificial forests, but also causing damage by invading agricultural land (Forestry Agency 2004; Kitajima 2008). The damage caused by the expansion of bamboo forests is thought to be due not only to the bamboo's reproductive ability, but also to the fact that it is not being actively used. As there is currently no hope of a rapid expansion in bamboo use, it is possible that the damage caused by bamboo will continue to increase in the future. In order to promote the use of bamboo, businesses have been quick to develop crushers specifically for bamboo, but unless they are combined with a specific purpose, it seems unlikely that use will be promoted. In recent years, there has been an urgent need to find effective ways to utilize bamboo powder.

[0006] In this regard, Patent Document 1 describes a method for artificially cultivating Enoki mushrooms, Shimeji mushrooms, Shiitake mushrooms, and Maitake mushrooms in a culture medium mainly composed of bamboo powder granules, but does not disclose any specific uses for bamboo powder suitable for creating oyster mushroom beds, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0007] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes a mushroom bed made from compost made from processed bamboo or bamboo shoot peel waste, which significantly promotes the growth of edible or medicinal mushrooms, but does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating a mushroom bed for oyster mushrooms, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0008] Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes that a mushroom bed medium made from bamboo powder promotes growth, prevents disease in the grown fruit, and provides a buffer, and that after harvest, it is corroded, decomposed, and assimilated into the growth medium. However, it does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating a mushroom bed for oyster mushrooms, and it cannot be said that effective use has been established.

[0009] Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes that bamboo sawdust and bamboo chips can be used as a mushroom culture substrate instead of hardwood sawdust, and that mushrooms such as shiitake, enokitake, antler reishi, king oyster mushroom, and shimeji mushroom are cultivated using wood-decaying fungi. However, it does not disclose a method of use suitable for creating a mushroom bed for oyster mushrooms, and it cannot be said that an effective use has been established.

[0010] The present invention has been made in view of these points, and aims to provide a technique suitable for producing oyster mushroom beds using bamboo, thereby providing a method for cultivating oyster mushroom beds using bamboo, and the oyster mushroom beds and oyster mushrooms obtained by this method.

[0011] In this invention, rice bran is usually used as a nutrient source for mushroom beds, but in this invention, bamboo powder was dried and crushed to provide nutrients for the oyster mushroom beds, and verification was attempted. As a result, the following findings were obtained.

[0012] This is a mushroom bed cultivation method in which bamboo powder is mixed with a sawdust mushroom medium to create a mushroom bed, or the mushroom bed is obtained by mixing dried and crushed bamboo powder with a sawdust mushroom medium.

[0013] The ratio of bamboo powder added to rice bran is approximately 10% to approximately 90% by mass.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention provides an oyster mushroom bed produced by the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method, and an oyster mushroom produced by the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method.

[0015] The bamboo flour-based mushroom cultivation method of this invention converts bamboo from abandoned bamboo forests, a problem throughout Japan, into nutrients and has been shown to be effective in creating mushroom beds for oyster mushrooms. Furthermore, its rapid growth rate increases the annual yield of oyster mushrooms and also saves on air conditioning costs during cultivation, making it a promising industrially effective method. While the addition of bamboo flour did not affect the yield of shiitake, maitake, or wood ear mushrooms, a significant effect was observed with oyster mushrooms. Furthermore, the significantly higher umami component (guanylic acid) content suggests the potential for higher quality and higher yield mushroom bed cultivation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] Graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the growth of oyster mushrooms [Figure 2] Graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition rate on the yield of oyster mushroom fruit bodies [Figure 3] Graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the components of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (general components) [Figure 4] Graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the components of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (trace components) [Figure 5] A graph showing the effect of the bamboo powder addition ratio on the components of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies (guanylic acid) [Figure 6] The graph shows the effect of the bamboo powder addition rate on the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and guanylic acid. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0017] [1] Bamboo powder The results of the bamboo powder component analysis are shown in Table 1. The mineral components of bamboo powder are mainly potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Among these, it can be seen that the potassium content is extremely high.

[0018] [Table 1]

[0019] [2] Bamboo powder addition ratio Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of addition was varied (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of bamboo powder addition on the growth of oyster mushroom mycelium was investigated. As a result, it was found that the growth rate was faster when the ratio of bamboo powder was 60% or more, which was the optimal condition.

[0020] On the other hand, bamboo powder was mixed with rice bran and the ratio of addition was varied to create a mushroom bed, and the results of measuring the growth of the fungus are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1.

[0021] [Table 2]

[0022] As shown in Table 2 and Figure 1, the results showed that the growth rate of oyster mushrooms was faster in all cases when bamboo powder was added than in a 0% (rice bran only) mushroom bed, and there was a difference of as much as 30 days at addition rates of 60% or more, demonstrating that this is a highly effective cultivation method. It was also found that the speed of oyster mushroom mycelium in the mushroom bed gradually increased as the addition rate increased. After 30 days, the oyster mushroom bed matured, and oyster mushroom fruiting bodies appeared 10 days later.

[0023] [3] Oyster mushroom yield Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of addition was varied (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of bamboo powder addition on the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies was investigated. As a result, it was found that the yield peaked at a bamboo powder addition ratio of 70%, and that the yield decreased if the bamboo powder was added at any higher ratio, indicating that these were the optimal conditions.

[0024] [Table 3]

[0025] As shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, the results showed that the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies was higher when bamboo powder was added than when using a mushroom bed with 0% (rice bran only), and that the peak was more than double at an addition rate of 70%, making this an effective cultivation method.It was also found that the yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies in the mushroom bed gradually increased as the addition rate increased, peaking at 70% and then decreasing.

[0026] [4] Components of Oirase mushrooms grown on bamboo powder Bamboo powder and rice bran were mixed and the ratio of addition was varied (10% to 90% in 10% increments) to create a mushroom bed, and the effect of the ratio of bamboo powder addition on the components of the oyster mushroom fruiting body was investigated. As a result, the ratio of bamboo powder addition had no effect on the general components. However, it was found that the content of potassium and the umami component guanylic acid increased in trace components, indicating that these were favorable conditions.

[0027] [Table 4]

[0028] As shown in Table 4 and Figure 3, the bamboo addition rate had no effect on the components (general components) of the oyster mushroom fruiting body, and there were no problems with the quality of the fruiting body at any addition rate.

[0029] [Table 5]

[0030] As shown in Table 5 and Figure 4, the bamboo addition rate had no effect on the components (trace components) of the oyster mushroom fruiting body for sodium, magnesium, or calcium, and there were no problems with the quality of the fruiting body at any addition rate. However, with regard to potassium, the amount of potassium in the fruiting body increased slightly as the bamboo addition rate increased. This is thought to be due to the growth factor of the oyster mushroom mycelium in the bamboo.

[0031] [Table 6]

[0032] As shown in Table 6 and Figure 5, the results showed that the guanylic acid content of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies peaked at 70% bamboo powder addition, 1.75 times that of rice bran, making it an effective cultivation method compared to the 0% bamboo powder (rice bran only) fungal substrate. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed compared to rice bran at other addition rates. These results coincided with the peak yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, demonstrating that using bamboo powder resulted in higher quality oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and a higher yield.

[0033] Based on the above considerations, we will now present a method for preparing oyster mushroom beds. 1. Sift the beech (or broad-leaved oak or chestnut) sawdust through a mesh sieve to make the particles uniform in size. 2 As a nutrient source, bamboo is cut down, dried for a week, and then ground into bamboo powder using a grinder and added. 3 Place 800g of ingredients into each culture bottle, make a hole in the center with a test tube to inoculate the seed culture, and pack the mixture with a rolling pin. 4 Finally, remove the test tube, cover with aluminum foil, and sterilize in an autoclave at 105°C for 8 hours, repeating this process twice. 5 Inoculate 15g of oyster mushroom spawn into a sawdust medium with a hole in the center.

[0034] The verification results using the above-mentioned oyster mushroom bed preparation method were as follows. Each test area had five fungal beds, and after inoculating the medium with seed pieces, they were cultured for 60 days in a dark room at a temperature of 20°C and humidity of 65%. The culture was completed when the fungal beds had spread throughout the entire culture bottle. Every day, the growth of the oyster mushroom mycelium was measured in millimeters. Measurements were taken as the average of the five fungal beds.

[0035] [5] Characteristics of Oirase mushrooms grown on bamboo powder Figure 6 shows the results of a comparison of the yield and umami component (guanylic acid) of oyster mushrooms made with 0% bamboo powder and those made with the oyster mushroom bed preparation method according to the embodiment. The yield of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and guanylic acid are both unique to oyster mushrooms, even at a bamboo powder ratio of 70%. The bamboo powder oyster mushrooms were of higher quality than the rice bran oyster mushrooms in terms of both yield and nutritional value, and also tasted better. [Example]

[0036] The raw material for the oyster mushroom bed cultivation method was 2,710g of sawdust, and the required amount of dried and powdered bamboo powder was mixed with the sawdust, and water was added little by little while mixing. [Industrial Applicability]

[0037] According to the present invention, it is possible to produce oyster mushrooms from bamboo powder extracted from abandoned bamboo forests, which contributes to reducing facility maintenance costs due to the rapid productivity of the mushroom beds, contributes to improving Japan's forest environment caused by abandoned bamboo forests, and is useful as an environmentally friendly technology.Furthermore, this technology can increase the yield and produce high-quality fruiting bodies with a significantly high content of the umami component (guanylic acid).

Claims

1. A method for cultivating oyster mushroom fruiting bodies, characterized in that bamboo powder is added to the substrate of a medium for oyster mushroom fruiting bodies and the oyster mushroom fruiting bodies are cultured using a fungal bed for oyster mushroom fruiting bodies.

2. The method for cultivating oyster mushroom fruiting bodies according to claim 1, wherein the bamboo powder is moso bamboo or madake bamboo.

3. The substrate is sawdust, and when it contains rice bran, bran and bamboo powder, the bamboo powder accounts for 10% or more and less than 90% of the total amount of rice bran and bamboo powder.

4. A fruiting body produced by the fungal bed cultivation method of oyster mushrooms according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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