Window and electronic device including the same

Abstract

To provide a technology related to a window and an electronic device.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a window and an electronic device including the window, and a window according to an embodiment may include a base layer, a functional layer disposed on the base layer, and a cover glass disposed on the functional layer. The functional layer of the window may include a first coating layer disposed on the base layer, including aluminum oxide (AlOx), and having a density of 2.0 g / cm3 or greater, and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5C

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to windows and electronic devices including the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Various types of electronic devices are used to provide visual information. Recently, electronic devices including foldable or bendable flexible display panels have been developed. Flexible electronic devices can be shaped in various ways, such as by being folded, rolled, or bent, and are portable regardless of the size of the display screen.

[0003] Electronic devices require windows to protect display panels and the like, and thus there is a need to develop windows that can maintain excellent display quality. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Korean Patent No. 0763543 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a window that is highly reliable.

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic device with excellent display quality. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In one embodiment, the window may include a base layer, a functional layer disposed on the base layer, and a cover glass disposed on the functional layer. The functional layer is disposed on the base layer and includes aluminum oxide (AlO). x ) and 2.0g / cm 3and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer and including an inorganic material.

[0008] The density of the first coating layer is 2.3 g / cm 3 It could be more than that.

[0009] The first coating layer may be free of fluorine atoms.

[0010] The first coating layer further contains fluorine atoms, and when analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the peak intensity of the fluorine atoms contained in the first coating layer is 5×10 2 It can be less than c / s.

[0011] The thickness of the functional layer may be 295 nm or more and 365 nm or less.

[0012] The thickness of the first coating layer may be 26 nm or more and 40 nm or less.

[0013] The second coating layer may include at least one low refractive index layer and at least one high refractive index layer.

[0014] The second coating layer may include a first low refractive index layer disposed on the first coating layer, a first high refractive index layer disposed on the first low refractive index layer, a second low refractive index layer disposed on the first high refractive index layer, a second high refractive index layer disposed on the second low refractive index layer, and a third low refractive index layer disposed on the second high refractive index layer.

[0015] The first low refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, and the third low refractive index layer may include the same material.

[0016] The first high refractive index layer and the second high refractive index layer may include the same material.

[0017] The second coating layer is made of SiO and TiO x It may include at least one of:

[0018] The second coating layer comprises at least one first sub-coating layer containing the SiO and the TiO x and at least one second sub-coating layer comprising:

[0019] The functional layer may further include a third coating layer disposed on the second coating layer and including an organic material.

[0020] The third coating layer may include SiOC.

[0021] The base layer may include a glass substrate or a polymer film.

[0022] In one embodiment, the window comprises a base layer and an aluminum oxide (AlO x ) and 2.3g / cm 3 The optical fiber may include a first coating layer having a density equal to or greater than 1000 nm, a first low refractive layer disposed on the first coating layer, a first high refractive layer disposed on the first low refractive layer, a second low refractive layer disposed on the first high refractive layer, a second high refractive layer disposed on the second low refractive layer, and a third low refractive layer disposed on the second high refractive layer.

[0023] The first low refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, and the third low refractive index layer may include SiO.

[0024] The first high refractive index layer and the second low refractive index layer are made of TiO x may include:

[0025] The first coating layer further contains fluorine atoms, and when analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the peak intensity of the fluorine atoms contained in the first coating layer is 5×10 2 It can be less than c / s.

[0026] According to one embodiment, an electronic device may include a first display device including a folding region that can be folded based on a folding axis extending in one direction, a first non-folding region and a second non-folding region that are spaced apart from each other across the folding region, the first non-folding region, and the second non-folding region, the first display device displaying a first image in the folding region, the first non-folding region, and the second non-folding region, and a second display device that is arranged to overlap the first non-folding region and display a second image in a direction opposite to the first image. The second display device may include a display panel and a window disposed on the display panel, the window including a base layer and a functional layer disposed on the base layer, the functional layer being disposed on the base layer and made of aluminum oxide (AlO x ) and 2.0g / cm 3 and a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer and including an inorganic material.

[0027] The second display device may not overlap the folding region and the second non-folding region.

[0028] The density of the first coating layer is 2.3 g / cm 3 It could be more than that. [Effects of the Invention]

[0029] In one embodiment, the window includes a coating layer containing aluminum oxide and having a specific film density, which prevents discoloration at the edges even in various usage environments, significantly reduces color changes, and provides excellent reliability.

[0030] By including the window described above, the electronic device according to one embodiment can exhibit excellent durability and provide stable display quality even when exposed to various extreme environments. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 1B]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 1C] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to an embodiment. [Figure 5A] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a window according to one embodiment. [Figure 5B] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a window according to one embodiment. [Figure 5C] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a window according to one embodiment. [Figure 5D] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a window according to one embodiment. [Figure 5E] FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of a window according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] 10 is a graph showing the results of reliability evaluation for windows of the experimental group. [Figure 7] 10 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the concentration of fluorine contained in a window. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0032] As used herein, when a component (or region, layer, portion, etc.) is referred to as being "on" or "coupled" to another component, it means that it may be directly positioned, coupled, or connected to the other component, or that a third component may be disposed therebetween.

[0033] The same reference numerals refer to the same elements. In the drawings, the thickness, proportions, and dimensions of the elements are exaggerated for the purpose of effectively explaining the technical content. "And / or" includes all combinations of one or more elements defined by the associated elements.

[0034] Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to describe various components, but the components are not limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another. For example, a first component may be designated as a "second component" without departing from the scope of the present invention, and similarly, a second component may be designated as a "first component." A singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0035] Furthermore, terms such as "under," "below," "on," and "above" are used to describe the relationship between components shown in the drawings. These terms are relative concepts and are described based on the directions shown in the drawings.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms "comprise" or "have" and the like specify the presence of any feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof set forth above in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or possible addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0037] As used herein, "directly disposed" may mean that there is no additional layer, film, region, plate, etc. between one layer, film, region, plate, etc. and another. For example, "directly disposed" may mean that two layers or two components are disposed without the use of an additional member, such as an adhesive member, between them.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. Furthermore, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the meaning they have in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an overly ideal or formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0039] Hereinafter, a window according to an embodiment and an electronic device according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] 1A to 1C are perspective views of an electronic device ED according to an embodiment. Fig. 1A is a perspective view showing an unfolded state of the electronic device ED according to an embodiment. Fig. 1B is a rear perspective view of the electronic device ED shown in Fig. 1A. Fig. 1C is a perspective view illustrating a process in which the electronic device ED shown in Fig. 1A is folded inward.

[0041] 1A and 1C, the electronic device ED in one embodiment may be a device activated by an electrical signal. For example, the electronic device ED may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a car navigation system, a game console, or a wearable device. In FIG. 1A and other figures in the present specification, the electronic device ED is illustratively shown as a mobile phone.

[0042] According to an embodiment, the electronic device ED may detect an external input applied from the outside. The external input may include various types of input provided from outside the electronic device ED. For example, the external input may include contact by a part of the user's body, such as a hand, as well as an external input applied from a location close to or adjacent to the electronic device ED at a predetermined distance (e.g., hovering). The external input may also take various forms, such as force, pressure, temperature, and light.

[0043] The electronic device ED may include a first display device DD1 and a second display device DD2. The first display device DD1 and the second display device DD2 may be separate devices. The area of ​​the second display device DD2 may be smaller than the area of ​​the first display device DD1. The first display device DD1 may be called a main display device, and the second display device DD2 may be called an auxiliary display device or an external display device.

[0044] The electronic device ED may include a first display surface FS and a second display surface RS. The first display device DD1 may include the first display surface FS defined by a first directional axis DR1 and a second directional axis DR2 intersecting the first directional axis DR1. The first display device DD1 may provide a first image IM1 to a user through the first display surface FS. The first display device DD1 may display the first image IM1 in the direction of a third directional axis DR3 on the first display surface FS parallel to the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2, i.e., along a plane including the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0045] The second display device DD2 may include a second display surface RS. The second display device DD2 may provide a second image IM2 to a user through the second display surface RS. The second display surface RS may be defined as a surface facing at least a portion of the first display surface FS. That is, the second display surface RS may be defined as a portion of the rear surface of the electronic device ED. Therefore, in one embodiment, when the electronic device ED is not folded, the first image IM1 displayed on the first display surface FS and the second image IM2 displayed on the second display surface RS may be displayed in opposite directions.

[0046] In this specification, the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2 are perpendicular to each other, and the third directional axis DR3 may be a normal direction to a plane defined by the first directional axis R1 and the second directional axis DR2. The thickness direction of the electronic device ED may be aligned with the third directional axis DR3. Therefore, the front (or upper surface) and rear (or lower surface) of the components constituting the electronic device ED may be defined based on the third directional axis DR3. The front and rear surfaces are opposed to each other along the third directional axis DR3, and the normal directions of the front and rear surfaces are parallel to the third directional axis DR3. The front surface refers to a surface close to the first display surface FS, and the rear surface refers to a surface separated from the first display surface FS. Alternatively, the rear surface refers to a surface close to the second display surface RS. The upper side refers to a direction approaching the first display surface FS, and the lower side refers to a direction away from the first display surface FS.

[0047] Furthermore, a cross section of a structure refers to a plane aligned with the thickness direction DR3, and a plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction DR3. A plane refers to a plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2. A fourth directional axis DR4 refers to a direction directly opposite the direction of the third directional axis DR3.

[0048] The directions indicated by the first to fourth directional axes DR1, DR2, DR3, and DR4 described herein are relative concepts and may be converted into other directions. Furthermore, the directions indicated by the first to fourth directional axes DR1, DR2, DR3, and DR4 may be described as first to fourth directions, and the same reference numerals may be used.

[0049] The first display surface FS may include a first active area F-AA and a first peripheral area F-NAA. The first active area F-AA may include a first electronic module area EMA1. The first active area F-AA may be an area activated by an electrical signal. According to an embodiment, the electronic device ED may display a first image IM1 through the first active area F-AA. Also, various types of external inputs may be sensed through the first active area F-AA.

[0050] The first peripheral area F-NAA may be an area where the first image IM1 is not displayed. The first peripheral area F-NAA may be adjacent to the first active area F-AA. The first peripheral area F-NAA may have a predetermined color. The first peripheral area F-NAA may surround the first active area F-AA. As a result, the shape of the first active area F-AA may be substantially defined by the first peripheral area F-NAA. However, this is an exemplary illustration, and the first peripheral area F-NAA may be disposed adjacent to only one side of the first active area F-AA or may be omitted. The electronic device ED according to one embodiment may include a first active area F-AA of various shapes and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0051] The second display surface RS may include a second active area R-AA that displays a second image IM2. The second active area R-AA may be an area activated by an electrical signal. The electronic device ED may display the second image IM2 through the second active area R-AA. The electronic device ED may also sense various types of external inputs through the second active area R-AA.

[0052] The second display surface RS may include a second peripheral area R-NAA. The second peripheral area R-NAA may be adjacent to the second active area R-AA. The second peripheral area R-NAA may have a predetermined color. The second peripheral area R-NAA may surround the second active area R-AA. The second display surface RS may also include a second electronic module area EMA2 in which an electronic module having various configurations is disposed. The second electronic module area EMA2 may be included in the second peripheral area R-NAA. The second electronic module area EMA2 may be disposed within the second active area R-AA, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0053] Various electronic modules may be disposed in the first and second electronic module areas EMA1 and EMA2. For example, the electronic modules may include at least one of a camera, a speaker, a light sensor, and a heat sensor. The first and second electronic module areas EMA1 and EMA2 may detect an external object received via the first or second display surface FS or RF, or provide an audio signal such as a voice to the outside via the first or second display surface FS or RS. The electronic modules may include multiple components and are not limited to any one embodiment.

[0054] The electronic device ED may include a folding area FA and non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2. In one embodiment, the non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2 may be disposed adjacent to the folding area FA with the folding area FA sandwiched therebetween. The electronic device ED may include a first non-folding area NFA1 and a second non-folding area NFA2 spaced apart in the second direction DR2 with the folding area FA sandwiched therebetween. For example, the first non-folding area NFA1 may be disposed on one side of the folding area FA along the second direction DR2, and the second non-folding area NFA2 may be disposed on the other side of the folding area FA along the second direction DR2.

[0055] The first display device DD1 may include a folding area FA and non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2. The first display surface FS of the first display device DD1 may overlap the folding area FA and the non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2. The second display device DD2 may overlap one of the non-folding areas NFA1 and NFA2. For example, the second display device DD2 may overlap the first non-folding area NFA1. The second display device DD2 may not overlap the folding area FA or the second non-folding area NFA2. The second display surface RS of the second display device DD2 may overlap the first non-folding area NFA1.

[0056] The display direction of the first image IM1 displayed in a portion of the first display device DD1, for example, the first non-folding area NFA1, and the display direction of the second image IM2 displayed in the second display device DD2 may be opposite directions. For example, when the electronic device ED is not folded, the first image IM1 may be displayed in a third direction DR3, and the second image IM2 may be displayed in a fourth direction DR4, which is the opposite direction to the third direction DR3.

[0057] 1A to 1C show an example of an electronic device ED including one folding area FA, but the example embodiment is not limited thereto, and multiple folding areas may be defined in the electronic device ED. For example, an electronic device according to an example embodiment may include two or more folding areas and three or more non-folding areas interposed between the folding areas.

[0058] 1C , according to an embodiment, the electronic device ED may be folded about a first folding axis FX1. The first folding axis FX1 is a virtual axis extending in a first direction DR1, and may be aligned with a short side of the electronic device ED. However, the first folding axis FX1 may also be aligned with a long side of the electronic device ED. The first folding axis FX1 may extend along the first direction DR1 on the first display surface FS.

[0059] The electronic device ED may be folded around a first folding axis FX1 and transformed into an in-folding state in which one region of the first display surface FS overlapping the first non-folding area NFA1 and another region overlapping the second non-folding area NFA2 face each other. The electronic device ED may be folded inward so that the first display surface FS is not exposed to the outside. When the electronic device ED is folded inward, the folding area FA may have a predetermined curvature and radius of curvature. When the electronic device ED is folded inward, the second display surface RS may be visible to a user, and a second image IM2 may be displayed in a third direction DR3.

[0060] In some embodiments, the electronic device ED may be outer-folded so that the first display device DD1 is exposed to the outside. In one embodiment, the electronic device ED may be either inner-folded or outer-folded in an unfolded state, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0061] 2 is a perspective view of an electronic device ED-a according to an embodiment. The electronic device ED-a shown in FIG. 2 may be a flat electronic device ED-a that does not include a folding region, as compared to the foldable electronic device ED shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 2, an electronic device ED-a according to an embodiment may include a third display device DD3. The third display device DD3 may include a display surface FS-a parallel to each of the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The third display device DD3 may provide an image IM-a to a user through the display surface FS-a. Although the display surface FS-a is shown as flat in FIG. 2, the display surface FS-a may include a curved surface that is bent from at least one side of the flat surface. In the flat electronic device ED-a, the image IM-a may be displayed in the third direction DR3.

[0063] The display surface FS-a may include an active area F-AAa and a peripheral area F-NAAa. The description of the second active area F-AA and the second peripheral area F-NAA described with reference to FIG. 1A may also apply to the active area F-AAa and the peripheral area F-NAAa. The display surface FS-a may further include an electronic module area in which electronic modules having various configurations are arranged, and is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0064] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to an embodiment. The display device DD in Figure 3 may be the second display device DD2 in Figure 1B. Alternatively, the display device DD in Figure 3 may be the third display device DD3 in Figure 2. If the display device DD in Figure 3 corresponds to the second display device DD2, the display device DD in Figure 3 may represent the second display device DD2 in a state where the electronic device ED in Figure 1B is folded inward.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 3, a display device DD according to one embodiment may include a display panel DP and a window WM. The display panel DP and the window WM may be bonded together with an adhesive layer AD. The display device DD may display images IM2 and IM-a (see FIGS. 1B and 2) through a display area DA (FIG. 3). The non-display area NDA may be adjacent to the display area DA. The display area DA may overlap the second active area R-AA of the second display device DD2 shown in FIG. 1B and the active area F-AAa of the third display device DD3 shown in FIG. 2. The non-display area NDA may overlap the second peripheral area R-NAA of the second display device DD2 shown in FIG. 1B and the peripheral area F-NAAa of the third display device DD3 shown in FIG. 2.

[0066] The display panel DP may be configured to generate substantially images IM2, IM-a (see FIGS. 1A and 2). The display panel DP may be an emissive display panel, for example, an organic light-emitting display panel, an inorganic light-emitting display panel, a micro LED display panel, or a nano LED display panel. The display panel DP may also be referred to as a display layer. The display panel DP may include a base substrate BS, a circuit layer DP-CL, a display element layer DP-EL, and an encapsulation layer TFE.

[0067] The base substrate BS may be a member that provides a base surface on which the circuit layers DP-CL are disposed. The base substrate BS may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate that can be bent, folded, rolled, etc. The base substrate BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a polymer substrate, etc. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0068] The base substrate BS may have a multi-layer structure. For example, the base substrate BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, a multi-layer or single-layer inorganic layer, and a second synthetic resin layer disposed on the multi-layer or single-layer inorganic layer. Each of the first and second synthetic resin layers may include, but is not limited to, a polyimide-based resin.

[0069] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base substrate BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, a signal line, and the like.

[0070] The display element layer DP-EL may be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL. The display element layer DP-EL may include a light-emitting element. For example, the light-emitting element may include an organic light-emitting material, an inorganic light-emitting material, an organic-inorganic light-emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro-LED, or a nano-LED.

[0071] The encapsulating layer TFE may be disposed above the display element layer DP-EL. The encapsulating layer TFE may overlap the display area DA and the non-display area NDA and cover the display element layer DP-EL. The encapsulating layer TFE may protect the light-emitting elements of the display element layer DP-EL from foreign substances such as moisture, oxygen, and dust particles. The encapsulating layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer. The encapsulating layer TFE may further include at least one organic layer. The encapsulating layer TFE may include a laminated structure of inorganic layer / organic layer / inorganic layer.

[0072] In one embodiment, the display device DD may further include a sensor layer for detecting an external input, a light control layer such as an anti-reflection layer, etc. between the display panel DP and the window WM. For example, the display device DD may further include a sensor layer and a light control layer sequentially disposed on the display panel DP, and the light control layer may be coupled to the window WM via an adhesive layer AD. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the positions of the sensor layer and the light control layer may be interchanged.

[0073] The sensor layer may be disposed on the display panel DP. The sensor layer may sense an external input applied from outside. The external input may be a user input. The user input may include various forms of external input, such as a part of the user's body, light, heat, a pen, or pressure.

[0074] The sensor layer may be formed on the display panel DP through a continuous process. In this case, the sensor layer may be disposed directly on the display panel DP. Here, "directly disposed" means that no third component is disposed between the sensor layer and the display panel DP. In other words, no separate adhesive member may be disposed between the sensor layer and the display panel DP.

[0075] A light control layer may be disposed on the sensor layer. For example, the light control layer may be disposed directly on the sensor layer. The light control layer may reduce the reflectance of external light incident from outside the display device DD. The light control layer may be formed on the sensor layer by a continuous process.

[0076] The window WM may define the front surface of the display device DD. The window WM may be located above the display panel DP and may cover the entire top surface of the display panel DP.

[0077] The window WM may have a shape corresponding to the shape of the display panel DP. The window WM may be a substrate or film made of glass or a polymer material. The window WM may further include a functional layer disposed on the base substrate or film. The window WM will be described in more detail later.

[0078] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a display panel DP according to an embodiment. FIG. 4 may be a cross-sectional view illustrating in more detail the configuration of the display panel DP shown in FIG. 3. The display panel DP may include a transistor TR and a light-emitting element LE. The transistor TR and the light-emitting element LE may be disposed on a base substrate BS. Although FIG. 4 shows one transistor TR and one light-emitting element LE, the display panel DP may include multiple transistors and at least one capacitor for driving the light-emitting element LE.

[0079] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on a base substrate BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include a shielding electrode BML, a transistor TR, a connecting electrode CNE, and a plurality of insulating layers BFL and INS1 to INS6. The plurality of insulating layers BFL and INS1 to INS6 may include a buffer layer BFL and first to sixth insulating layers INS1 to INS6. However, the stacked structure of the circuit layer DP-CL shown in FIG. 4 is merely an example, and the stacked structure of the circuit layer DP-CL may be changed depending on the pixel configuration and the process of the circuit layer DP-CL.

[0080] The shielding electrode BML may be disposed on the base substrate BS. The shielding electrode BML may overlap the transistor TR. The shielding electrode BML may protect the transistor TR by blocking light incident on the transistor TR from below the display panel DP. The shielding electrode BML may include a conductive material. When a voltage is applied to the shielding electrode BML, the threshold voltage of the transistor TR disposed above the shielding electrode BML may be maintained. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the shielding electrode BML may be a floating electrode. The shielding electrode BML may be omitted.

[0081] The buffer layer BFL may be disposed on the base substrate BS to cover the shielding electrode BML. The buffer layer BFL may include an inorganic layer. The buffer layer BFL may improve the bonding strength between the semiconductor pattern or conductive pattern disposed on the buffer layer BFL and the base substrate BS.

[0082] The transistor TR may include a source S1, a channel C1, a drain D1, and a gate G1. The source S1, the channel C1, and the drain D1 of the transistor TR may be made of a semiconductor pattern. The semiconductor pattern of the transistor TR may include polysilicon, amorphous silicon, or metal oxide, but is not limited to any one of them and may be applied without limitation as long as it has semiconductor properties.

[0083] The semiconductor pattern may include multiple regions differentiated by the magnitude of conductivity. Regions of the semiconductor pattern that are doped with dopants or have reduced metal oxides may have high conductivity and may essentially serve as the source and drain electrodes of the transistor TR. The highly conductive regions of the semiconductor pattern may correspond to the source S1 and drain D1 of the transistor TR. Regions of the semiconductor pattern that are undoped or lightly doped or have unreduced metal oxides and have low conductivity may correspond to the channel C1 (or active) of the transistor TR.

[0084] A first insulating layer INS1 may be disposed on the buffer layer BFL while covering the semiconductor pattern of the transistor TR. A gate G1 of the transistor TR may be disposed on the first insulating layer INS1. The gate G1 may overlap the channel C1 of the transistor TR. The gate G1 may function as a mask in a process of doping the semiconductor pattern of the transistor TR.

[0085] A second insulating layer INS2 may be disposed on the first insulating layer INS1 while covering the gate G1. A third insulating layer INS3 may be disposed on the second insulating layer INS2.

[0086] The connecting electrode CNE may include a first connecting electrode CNE1 and a second connecting electrode CNE2 for electrically connecting the transistor TR and the light emitting element LE, however, the configuration of the connecting electrode CNE for electrically connecting the transistor TR and the light emitting element LE is not limited thereto, and one of the first and second connecting electrodes CNE1 and CNE2 may be omitted, or an additional connecting electrode may be further included.

[0087] The first connecting electrode CNE1 may be disposed on the third insulating layer INS3. The first connecting electrode CNE1 may be connected to the first drain D1 through a first contact hole CH1 penetrating the first to third insulating layers INS1 to INS3. The fourth insulating layer INS4 may be disposed on the third insulating layer INS3 while covering the first connecting electrode CNE1. The fifth insulating layer INS5 may be disposed on the fourth insulating layer INS4.

[0088] The second connecting electrode CNE1 may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer INS5. The second connecting electrode CNE2 may be connected to the first connecting electrode CNE1 through a second contact hole CH2 that penetrates the fourth and fifth insulating layers INS4 and INS5. The sixth insulating layer INS6 may be disposed on the fifth insulating layer INS5 while covering the second connecting electrode CNE2.

[0089] Each of the first to sixth functional layers INS1 to INS6 may include an inorganic layer or an organic layer. For example, the inorganic layer may include at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, zirconium oxide, and hafnium oxide. The organic layer may include at least one of acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, polyisoprene resin, vinyl resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, cellulose resin, siloxane resin, polyamide resin, and ferrylene resin.

[0090] The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel defining layer PDL and a light emitting element LE. The light emitting element LE may include a first electrode AE, a hole control layer HCL, an emitting layer EML, an electron control layer TCL, and a second electrode CE.

[0091] The first electrode AE ​​may be disposed on the sixth insulating layer INS6. The first electrode AE ​​may be connected to the second connecting electrode CNE2 through a third contact hole CH3 penetrating the sixth insulating layer INS6. The first electrode AE ​​may be electrically connected to the drain D1 of the transistor TR through the first and second connecting electrodes CNE1 and CNE2.

[0092] The first electrode AE ​​may be made of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode AE ​​may be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments are not limited thereto. The first electrode AE ​​may also be a pixel electrode. The first electrode AE ​​may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode AE ​​may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound of two or more selected from these elements, a mixture of two or more selected from these elements, or an oxide thereof.

[0093] If the first electrode AE ​​is a transmissive electrode, it may include a transparent metal oxide, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode AE ​​is a semi-transmissive or reflective electrode, it may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF / Ca (a laminated structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a laminated structure of LiF and Al), Mo, Ti, W, or a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg). Alternatively, the first electrode AE ​​may have a multi-layer structure including a reflective or semi-transmissive film made of the above materials and a transparent conductive film made of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the first electrode AE ​​may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but is not limited thereto. Furthermore, the embodiment is not limited to this, and the first electrode AE ​​may include the above-mentioned metal material, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above-mentioned metal materials, or an oxide of the above-mentioned metal material.

[0094] A pixel defining layer PDL may be disposed on the sixth insulating layer INS6. A light emitting opening PX_OP exposing a portion of the first electrode AE ​​may be defined in the pixel defining layer PDL. The portion of the first electrode AE ​​exposed by the light emitting opening PX_OP may be defined as a light emitting area LA.

[0095] The area where the pixel defining layer PDL is disposed may correspond to the light-shielding area NLA. The light-shielding area NLA may surround the light-emitting area LA within the display area DA. The display area DA in FIG. 4 may correspond to the second active area R-AA (FIG. 1B) of the second display device DD2 (FIG. 1B) or the active area F-AAa (FIG. 2) of the third display device DD3 (FIG. 2).

[0096] The hole control layer HCL may be disposed on the first electrode AE ​​and the pixel defining layer PDL. The hole control layer HCL may be provided as a common layer overlapping the light emitting area LA and the light blocking area NLA. The hole control layer HCL may include at least one of a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and an electron blocking layer. The hole control layer HCL may include a known hole injection material and / or a known hole transport material.

[0097] The emitting layer EML may be disposed on the hole controlling layer HCL. The emitting layer EML may be disposed in a region corresponding to the light emitting opening PX_OP. Alternatively, the emitting layer EML may be provided as a common layer. The emitting layer EML may include an organic light emitting material and / or an inorganic light emitting material. The emitting layer EML may emit light of any one of red, green, and blue colors.

[0098] The electron control layer TCL may be disposed on the light-emitting layer EML. The electron control layer TCL may be provided as a common layer overlapping the light-emitting region LA and the light-shielding region NLA. The electron control layer TCL may include at least one of an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer. The electron control layer TCL may include a known electron injection material and / or a known electron transport material.

[0099] The second electrode CE may be disposed on the electronic control layer TCL. The second electrode CE may be provided as a common layer overlapping the light-emitting area LA and the light-blocking area NLA. The second electrode CE may be disposed in common with the pixels to apply a voltage to the pixels.

[0100] The second electrode CE may be a common electrode. The second electrode CE may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, if the first electrode AE ​​is an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and if the first electrode AE ​​is a cathode, the second electrode CE may be an anode.

[0101] The second electrode CE may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode. If the second electrode CE is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode CE may be made of a transparent metal oxide such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, or ITZO.

[0102] If the second electrode CE is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may contain Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF / Ca, LiF / Al, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, or a compound or mixture containing any of these (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb). Alternatively, the second electrode CE may have a multi-layer structure including a reflective or semi-transmissive film made of the above material and a transparent conductive film made of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, or the like. For example, the second electrode CE may contain any of the above-mentioned metal materials, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above-mentioned metal materials, or oxides of the above-mentioned metal materials.

[0103] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode CE to cover the light-emitting element LE. The encapsulation layer TFE may include multiple thin films. For example, the encapsulation layer TFE may include an inorganic film disposed on the second electrode CE and an organic film disposed between the inorganic films. The inorganic film may protect the light-emitting element LE from moisture / oxygen, and the organic film may protect the light-emitting element LE from foreign matter such as dust particles.

[0104] 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of windows WM and WM-1 according to an embodiment, and FIGS. 5C to 5E are enlarged cross-sectional views of a portion of the window WM according to an embodiment.

[0105] 5A, in one embodiment, the window WM may include a base layer BL, a functional layer FL, and a cover glass WG. The functional layer FL may include multiple different layers. The window WM may also include a printed layer BM.

[0106] In one embodiment, the window WM may include a base layer BL, a functional layer FL, a cover glass WG, and a print layer BM. In the window WM, the base layer BL, the functional layer FL, and the cover glass WG may be stacked sequentially in the thickness direction DR3. The print layer BM may overlap the non-display area NDA but not the display area DA (FIG. 3), and may be disposed below the base layer BL. The print layer BM may be an ink print layer. Alternatively, the print layer BM may be a layer formed containing a pigment or dye.

[0107] The base layer BL may include a transparent material. In one embodiment, the base layer BL may include glass, tempered glass, or a polymer film. The base layer BL may include a polyimide (P1) film or a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. For example, the base layer BL may be a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. The base layer BL may be a chemically tempered glass substrate. The base layer BL may have a multi-layer structure or a single-layer structure. For example, the base layer BL may have a structure in which multiple polymer films are bonded together with an adhesive member, or a structure in which a glass substrate and a polymer film are bonded together with an adhesive. The base layer BL may be made of a flexible material. The thickness of the base layer BL may be 20 μm or more and 100 μm or less. For example, the thickness of the base layer BL may be approximately 50 μm, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0108] The functional layer FL may be disposed on the base layer BL. For example, the functional layer FL may be disposed on the upper surface of the base layer BL. The functional layer FL may be disposed on the lower surface of the cover glass WG, which is disposed on the top layer of the window WM. The functional layer FL may be disposed directly on the lower surface of the cover glass WG to improve the color and properties of the cover glass WG. The functional layer FL may have a multi-layer structure stacked in the thickness direction DR3. The functional layer FL may include multiple coating layers containing inorganic materials.

[0109] The cover glass WG may be disposed on the functional layer FL. The cover glass WG may be disposed on an upper surface of the functional layer FL. The cover glass WG may be the outermost layer of the window WM. The cover glass WG may be disposed on the uppermost layer of the window WM, and the upper surface of the cover glass WG may define the uppermost surface of the window WM.

[0110] The cover glass WG may include glass. The cover glass WG may be a tempered glass substrate. Although FIG. 5A shows the cover glass WG as having a flat top surface, the cover glass WG may include a curved portion at the outermost edge. For example, the cover glass WG may include a curved portion at the top surface separated from the functional layer FL that overlaps with the printed layer BM. That is, the cover glass WG may be curved at the corners of the top surface that overlap with the printed layer BM. The bottom surface of the cover glass WG may be flat. The cover glass WG may not include a curved portion, and the shape of the cover glass WG is not limited to any one embodiment.

[0111] FIG. 5B differs from FIG. 5A in that it further includes a deco film DF between the base layer BL and the functional layer FL. Referring to FIG. 5B, the deco film DF may be disposed on the base layer BL. For example, the deco film DF may be disposed on the upper surface of the base layer BL. In one embodiment, the deco film DF may be an adhesive layer disposed between the base layer BL and the functional layer FL. The deco film DF may be made of a transparent adhesive, such as an optically clear adhesive (OCA).

[0112] 5C to 5E are enlarged cross-sectional views of the region BB of the window WM shown in FIG. 5A. The contents regarding the functional layer FL described with reference to FIGS. 5C to 5E can also be applied to the window WM-1 in FIG. 5B.

[0113] Referring to FIG. 5C, the functional layer FL may be disposed between the cover glass WG and the base layer BL. The thickness t ELHowever, the embodiment is not limited to this, and the thickness t EL can be appropriately adjusted within a range that does not excessively increase the thickness of the display device DD (FIG. 3) and does not degrade the color and characteristics of the cover glass WG.

[0114] In one embodiment, the functional layer FL may include a first coating layer CL1 and a second coating layer CL2. The first coating layer CL1 and the second coating layer CL2 may be disposed on the base layer BL. For example, the first coating layer CL1 may be disposed closer to the base layer BL than the second coating layer CL2, and the second coating layer CL2 may be disposed more distant from the base layer BL. The first coating layer CL1 and the second coating layer CL2 may be formed by a deposition process using an evaporator.

[0115] Thickness t of the first coating layer CL1 CL1 is the thickness of the second coating layer CL2, t CL2 The thickness t of the first coating layer CL1 may be smaller than CL1 is the thickness of the functional layer FL, t EL For example, the first coating layer CL1 may have a thickness of about 9% to about 10% of the thickness t CL1 The thickness may be, but is not limited to, 26 nm to 40 nm.

[0116] The first coating layer CL1 is aluminum oxide I (AlO x The first coating layer CL1 may have a single layer structure made of a single material. For example, the first coating layer CL1 may include aluminum oxide (AlO x The first coating layer CL1 may be a single layer consisting of (a) a first coating layer CL1, (b) a second coating layer CL2, (c) a third coating layer CL3, (d) a fourth coating layer CL4, (e) a fifth coating layer CL5, (f) a sixth coating layer CL6, (g) a sixth coating layer CL7, (h) a seventh coating layer CL8, (i) a seventh coating layer CL9, (j) a seventh coating layer CL1, (j) a seventh coating layer CL1, (k) a seventh coating layer CL2, (k) a seventh coating layer CL3, (k) a seventh coating layer CL4, (k) a seventh coating layer CL5, (k) a seventh coating layer CL6, (k) a seventh coating layer CL7, (k) a seventh coating layer CL8, (k) a seventh coating layer CL9, (k) a seventh coating layer CL1, (k) a seventh coating layer

[0117] The second coating layer CL2 may be disposed on the first coating layer CL1. The second coating layer CL2 may be disposed directly on the top surface of the first coating layer CL1. The second coating layer CL2 may include multiple sub-layers. The multiple sub-layers may have low refractive index characteristics or high refractive index characteristics. The second coating layer CL2 may have a multi-layer structure in which each layer is made of a single material, or a multi-layer structure in which each layer is made of multiple materials.

[0118] The second coating layer CL2 may include inorganic materials such as SiO and TiO. x For example, the second coating layer CL2 may include at least one first sub-coating layer containing SiO and at least one first sub-coating layer containing TiO x The first subcoating layer may exhibit low refractive index characteristics by containing SiO. The second subcoating layer may include at least one second subcoating layer containing TiO. x Therefore, the second coating layer may include at least one low refractive index layer and at least one high refractive index layer.

[0119] 5D differs from FIG. 5C in that the functional layer FL in one embodiment further includes a third coating layer CL3. Referring to FIG. 5D, the functional layer FL may further include a third coating layer CL3 disposed on the second coating layer CL2.

[0120] The third coating layer CL3 may be disposed to provide improved impact resistance. The third coating layer CL3 is the top layer of the functional layer FL and may protect the display panel DP (FIG. 3) from external impact, as well as the first and second coating layers CL1 and CL2 disposed below the third coating layer CL3. Therefore, the window WM including the third coating layer CL3 may exhibit excellent strength.

[0121] The third coating layer CL3 may include an organic material. In one embodiment, the third coating layer CL3 may exhibit excellent impact resistance by including silicon dioxide containing carbon (SiOC). The first coating layer CL1 may have a single layer structure made of a single material or multiple materials. For example, the third coating layer CL3 may be a single layer made of SiOC. However, this is merely an example, and the third coating layer CL3 may further include an impact-resistant material in addition to SiOC.

[0122] Compared to FIG. 5D, FIG. 5E is a cross-sectional view illustrating that the second coating layer CL2 included in the window WM of one embodiment includes a plurality of low refractive index layers LRL1, LRL2, and LRL3 and a plurality of high refractive index layers HRL1 and HRL2.

[0123] 5E, the second coating layer CL2 may include a first low-refractive index layer LRL1, a second low-refractive index layer LRL2, a third low-refractive index layer LRL3, a first high-refractive index layer HRL1, and a second high-refractive index layer HRL2. In the second coating layer CL2, layers having low-refractive index properties and layers having high-refractive index properties may be alternately stacked along the thickness direction DR3. For example, the first low-refractive index layer LRL1 may be disposed on the first coating layer CL1, the first high-refractive index layer HRL1 may be disposed on the first low-refractive index layer LRL1, the second low-refractive index layer LRL2 may be disposed on the first high-refractive index layer HRL1, the second high-refractive index layer HRL2 may be disposed on the second low-refractive index layer LRL2, and the third low-refractive index layer LRL3 may be disposed on the second high-refractive index layer HRL2. That is, the second coating layer CL2 may have a first low refractive index layer LRL1, a first high refractive index layer HRL1, a second low refractive index layer LRL2, a second high refractive index layer HRL2, and a third low refractive index layer LRL3 sequentially stacked on the first coating layer CL1.

[0124] The first to third low refractive index layers LRL1, LRL2, and LRL3 may include the same material. For example, the first to third low refractive index layers LRL1, LRL2, and LRL3 may each include SiO. However, the first to third low refractive index layers LRL1, LRL2, and LRL3 may include different materials.

[0125] The first and second high refractive index layers HRL1 and HRL2 may contain the same material. For example, the first and second high refractive index layers HRL1 and HRL2 may contain TiO x However, the first and second high refractive index layers HRL1 and HRL2 may contain different materials.

[0126] 5C to 5E, the first coating layer CL1 may have a film density controlled within a specific range. In one embodiment, the density of the first coating layer CL1 is 2.0 g / cm 3 The density of the first coating layer CL1 may be 2.0 g / cm or more. 3 If the density is less than 2.0 g / cm3, discoloration may occur at the frame of the window WM. 3 A window having a first coating layer CL1 of less than 2.0 g / cm 2 may develop yellow discoloration at the edge when exposed to a high temperature environment of 85° C. or higher. 3 The window WM has a density of 1000 or more, and therefore, the window WM can be prevented from discoloring at its edges under any circumstances. Therefore, the electronic device ED, ED-a (see FIGS. 1A to 2) including the window WM of the embodiment can maintain excellent display quality.

[0127] The electronic devices ED and ED-a may be used in a variety of environments. For example, the electronic devices ED and ED-a may be exposed to extreme high-temperature environments of 85°C or higher. In this case, the density of the first coating layer CL1 of the window WM may decrease compared to when it was first formed. For example, the density of the first coating layer CL1 in the extreme high-temperature environment is approximately 0.10 g / cm. 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 It can be reduced.

[0128] In one embodiment, the first coating layer CL1 has a density of 2.3 g / cm3, taking into consideration that the density may decrease in extreme environments such as high temperatures. 3 The first coating layer CL1 may have a density of 2.0 g / cm or more. 3 or more than 2.3g / cm 3The window WM having the first coating layer CL1 with the above-mentioned controlled density can exhibit excellent reliability without discoloration at the edge. In addition, as described above, the first coating layer CL1 has a density of about 0.10 g / cm in a high-temperature environment. 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 Considering that it may decrease, 3 to 2.3 g / cm 3 The amount may be adjusted within the above range.

[0129] Figure 6 is a graph showing the results of reliability evaluation for the windows of the experimental groups. Table 1 below shows the evaluation of whether or not yellow discoloration occurred for the windows of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2 before (pre-reliability) and after (post-reliability) reliability evaluation. The windows of experimental groups 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2 all have the structure of Figure 5A and include the functional layer FL structure shown in Figure 5E.

[0130] In the experimental windows, the base layer was made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, and the first coating layer was AlO x The densities of the first coating layers for the windows of Experimental Groups 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2 are shown in Figure 6. In the windows of the experimental groups, the first low refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, and the third low refractive index layer were formed of SiO, and the first high refractive index layer and the second high refractive index layer were formed of TiO. The third coating layer was formed of SiOC, and the cover glass was formed of tempered glass.

[0131] Table 1 shows the average film density values ​​before and after reliability evaluation for the windows of Experimental Groups 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, and 2-2. In Table 2, "x" means that no yellow discoloration occurred on the window edge, and "o" means that yellow discoloration occurred on the window edge.

[0132] In addition, in Table 1, "before reliability evaluation" indicates the density of the first coating layer measured immediately after manufacturing the window using the above method, and "after reliability evaluation" indicates the density of the first coating layer measured after immersing the window in water at approximately 90°C using the above method and then performing an accelerated evaluation.

[0133] [Table 1]

[0134] [Table 2]

[0135] Referring to FIG. 6, Table 1, and Table 2, in Experimental Group 1-1 and Experimental Group 1-2, the density of the film of the first coating layer was 2.3 g / cm 3 even after the reliability evaluation. 3 This indicates that no yellow discoloration has occurred on the edges.

[0136] In comparison, in the case of Experimental Group 2-1 and Experimental Group 2-2, the average film density of the first coating layer before reliability evaluation was approximately 2.123 g / cm 3 It was confirmed that no yellow discoloration occurred on the window edge. However, after reliability evaluation, it was found that the density of the first coating layer of Experimental Group 2-1 and Experimental Group 2-2 was 1.99 g / cm 3 The temperature decreased to 100°C, and yellow discoloration was observed around the edges of the window.

[0137] From this, it can be concluded that the density of the first coating layer CL1 is 2.0 g / cm 3 It was confirmed that the window WM of the above embodiment does not turn yellow and exhibits excellent reliability. In addition, since the density of the first coating layer may decrease in high temperature environments, the window WM of the embodiment has a density of 2.3 g / cm3 to ensure better reliability. 3 It may include a first coating layer CL1 controlled as above.

[0138] As mentioned above, the window WM in one embodiment is made of aluminum oxide (AlO x ) and includes the first coating layer CL1 controlled to a specific density, the problem of yellowing of the edges can be prevented not only in everyday life environments but also in extreme environments. As a result, the electronic device ED, ED-a of the embodiment including the window WM of the embodiment can maintain excellent reliability even in extreme high-temperature environments, and can exhibit excellent durability and stable display quality.

[0139] On the other hand, AlO x If fluorine (F) is mixed in when depositing a thin film using AlO x and fluorine (F) may react to form AlF3. If AlF3 is contained in the thin film, the amount of water adsorbed by the thin film may increase, and the porosity of the thin film may increase, resulting in a deterioration in the thin film characteristics. Therefore, in one embodiment, the first coating layer CL1 may not contain fluorine. AlO x The first coating layer CL1 does not contain the element F, and can prevent the thin film characteristics from deteriorating.

[0140] In some embodiments, the first coating layer CL1 is formed from AlO x The first coating layer CL1 may contain at least a portion of fluorine (F) during the deposition process. If the first coating layer CL1 contains fluorine (F), the concentration of the fluorine in the first coating layer CL1 may be within a range that does not deteriorate the thin film properties of the first coating layer CL1.

[0141] Figure 7 is a graph showing the results of analyzing the fluorine (F) concentration in the window. Figure 7 shows the depth profile of the F element obtained by analyzing the experimental window using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In Figure 7, the x-axis represents the sputtering time, which indicates the layer structure of the window in the thickness direction. In Figure 7, the layer structure of the window is divided into CL1, CL2, CL3, and WG according to the sputtering time. In Figure 7, CL1 represents the first coating layer, CL2 represents the second coating layer, CL3 represents the third coating layer, and WG represents the cover glass. The y-axis represents the peak intensity of the fluorine element based on logarithmic values.

[0142] After the reliability test described above was performed on the windows of experimental groups S1 and E1 in Figure 7, we measured whether discoloration occurred. In Figure 7, experimental group S1 was confirmed to be a normal product with no yellow discoloration on the window edges. In Figure 7, experimental group E1 was confirmed to be a defective product with yellow discoloration on the window edges.

[0143] Referring to FIG. 7, in the experimental group S1 in which yellow discoloration did not occur on the window edge, the peak intensity of fluorine element in the first coating layer was about 5×10 2 c / s or less (logarithmic value basis). Therefore, in one embodiment, when the first coating layer CL1 contains fluorine element, the peak intensity is about 5×10 2 It can be seen that if the peak intensity of the fluorine element contained in the first coating layer is controlled to 5×10 2 If the window width exceeds 100 nm, a yellow discoloration may occur at the edge of the window. In one embodiment, the window WM has a peak intensity of about 5×10 for elemental fluorine. 2The first coating layer CL1 having a thickness of c / s or less can effectively prevent yellow discoloration from occurring in the frame portion.

[0144] The window WM of one embodiment may have a color difference (ΔE) of less than 14. More specifically, the window WM of one embodiment including the first coating layer CL1 whose density and fluorine element concentration are controlled within the above-mentioned ranges may have a color difference (ΔE) of 1 or less. Therefore, the window WM of one embodiment may provide excellent reliability without any change in color perception.

[0145] Table 3 below shows the results of measuring the color difference (ΔE) for the windows of Example 1 and the Comparative Example. The windows of Example 1 and the Comparative Example both have the structure of FIG. 5A and include the structure of the functional layer FL shown in FIG. 5E. Example 1 and the Comparative Example both have AlO x The density of the first coating layer film is 2.31 g / cm 3 In Example 1, the peak intensity of the fluorine element confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was about 5×10 2 c / s or less, and the peak intensity of the fluorine element in the comparative example was 5×10 2 In Table 3, the color difference (ΔE) was measured using a spectrometer.

[0146] [Table 3]

[0147] Referring to Table 3, it can be seen that the change in color impression in Example 1 is significantly smaller than that in the comparative example. x and the density of the first coating layer is 2.0 g / cm 3 The fluorine concentration is controlled to 5×10 or more. 2 It can be seen that the color difference (ΔE) is less than 1 by controlling the peak intensity to be equal to or less than c / s.

[0148] On the other hand, the comparative example has a high fluorine concentration in the first coating layer of the window, and the color difference (ΔE) is over 16, indicating a very large change in color.

[0149] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art or those having ordinary skill in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and technical scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims, not by the contents of the detailed description of the specification. [Explanation of symbols]

[0150] ED, ED-a: Electronic device DD1, DD2, DD3, DD: Display device WM, WM-1: Window DP: Display panel BL: Base layer BM: Print layer FL: Functional layer WG: Cover glass CL1: First coating layer CL2: Second coating layer CL3: Third coating layer

Claims

1. A base layer; a functional layer disposed on the base layer; a cover glass disposed on the functional layer; The functional layer is An aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ) and 2.0 g / cm ３ a first coating layer having a density of at least a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer, the second coating layer comprising an inorganic material.

2. The density of the first coating layer is 2.3 g / cm ３ The window of claim 1 .

3. 10. The window of claim 1, wherein the first coating layer is free of fluorine atoms.

4. the first coating layer further comprises fluorine atoms; When analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the peak intensity of the fluorine atoms contained in the first coating layer is 5×10 ２ 10. The window of claim 1, wherein the window has a thickness of 1000 sq. m / s or less.

5. The window of claim 1 , wherein the functional layer has a thickness of at least 295 nm and not more than 365 nm.

6. 10. The window of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first coating layer is less than the thickness of the second coating layer.

7. 10. The window of claim 1, wherein the first coating layer has a thickness of at least 26 nm and at most 40 nm.

8. The second coating layer is 10. The window of claim 1, comprising at least one low refractive index layer and at least one high refractive index layer.

9. The second coating layer is a first low refractive index layer disposed on the first coating layer; a first high refractive index layer disposed on the first low refractive index layer; a second low refractive index layer disposed on the first high refractive index layer; a second high refractive index layer disposed on the second low refractive index layer; 9. The window of claim 8, further comprising a third low refractive index layer disposed on the second high refractive index layer.

10. the first low refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, and the third low refractive index layer contain the same material; 10. The window of claim 9, wherein the first high refractive index layer and the second low refractive index layer comprise the same material.

11. The second coating layer is made of SiO and TiO ｘ The window of claim 1 , comprising at least one of:

12. The second coating layer is At least one first sub-coating layer containing SiO and the TiO ｘ and at least one second subcoating layer comprising:

13. 10. The window of claim 1, wherein the functional layer further comprises a third coating layer disposed over the second coating layer and comprising an organic material.

14. 14. The window of claim 13, wherein the third coating layer comprises SiOC.

15. A base layer; An aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ) and 2.3 g / cm ３ a first coating layer having a density of at least a first low refractive index layer disposed on the first coating layer; a first high refractive index layer disposed on the first low refractive index layer; a second low refractive index layer disposed on the first high refractive index layer; a second high refractive index layer disposed on the second low refractive index layer; a third low refractive index layer disposed on the second high refractive index layer.

16. the first low refractive index layer, the second low refractive index layer, and the third low refractive index layer contain SiO; The first high refractive index layer and the second low refractive index layer are made of TiO ｘ 16. The window of claim 15, comprising:

17. the first coating layer further comprises fluorine atoms; When analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the peak intensity of the fluorine atoms contained in the first coating layer is 5×10 ２ 16. The window of claim 15, wherein the window has a thickness of less than or equal to c / s.

18. a first display device including a folding region that can be folded based on a folding axis extending in one direction, and a first non-folding region and a second non-folding region that are spaced apart from each other across the folding region, the first non-folding region, and the second non-folding region, and displaying a first image in the folding region, the first non-folding region, and the second non-folding region; a second display device disposed to overlap the first non-folding area and configured to display a second image in a direction opposite to the first image; the second display device includes a display panel and a window disposed over the display panel; the window includes a base layer and a functional layer disposed on the base layer; The functional layer is An aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ) and 2.0 g / cm ３ a first coating layer having a density of at least a second coating layer disposed on the first coating layer, the second coating layer comprising an inorganic material.

19. 20. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the second display device does not overlap the folding region and the second non-folding region.

20. The density of the first coating layer is 2.3 g / cm ３ The electronic device according to claim 18.

Images