Manufacturing method of electric wire with terminal

Abstract

To provide a manufacturing method of an electric wire with a terminal capable of achieving both good conduction between element wires in a crimped portion of the electric wire and excellent tensile strength in the crimped portion.SOLUTION: A manufacturing method of an electric wire with a terminal is a manufacturing method of an electric wire 1 with a terminal including an electric wire 10, a filling electric wire 10A, and a terminal 20, and includes: a preparatory step of placing a first core wire 12 exposed on a core wire crimping part 22 of the terminal 20 and disposing an exposed second core wire 12A above the exposed first core wire 12 so as to be separated from the exposed first core wire 12; a temporary crimping step of collectively crimping a core wire pressure to the exposed first core wire 12 and the exposed second core wire 12A by a pair of electrodes; a cutting step of separating the exposed second core wire 12A from the filling electric wire 10A; and a main crimping step of welding the first core wire 12 exposed by the pair of electrodes and the exposed second core wire 12A to the core wire crimping part 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal. [Background technology]

[0002] Electric wires with terminals have been proposed in the past, in which a terminal is crimped onto a core wire exposed from an electric wire. This type of electric wire with terminals may be used, for example, as a power electric wire for use in electric vehicles. In this case, the number of element wires constituting the core wire is large, and when a terminal is crimped onto the core wire, the element wires in the radial center portion are less likely to undergo plastic deformation. This prevents the oxide film on the surface of the element wires from being destroyed, making it difficult to achieve electrical continuity, particularly between the element wires. In addition, this can result in high electrical resistance at the core wire crimped portion, which can cause heat generation problems when current is applied.

[0003] To address this problem, one method is to melt the wires in the core wire crimped portion by resistance welding using the processing tools (so-called anvil and crimper) used during the crimping as electrodes, but this can cause variations in electrical heating and does not necessarily result in satisfactory conductivity.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses an electric wire with a terminal in which, at the connection portion between the terminal and the electric wire, a convex portion consisting of a convex strip is provided on the smooth surface of the bottom wall of the terminal at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the electric wire, and this convex portion is directly connected to the conductor at the end of the electric wire by resistance welding. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 4158889 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] As described above, when resistance welding a terminal to an electric wire, the larger the diameter of the electric wire, the more difficult it is for the wires to melt. Therefore, unless the plastic deformation is large, it is difficult to achieve electrical continuity between the wires inside the portion of the core wire where the terminal is crimped (the crimped portion). On the other hand, if the plastic deformation is large, the crimped portion is significantly crushed, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the crimped portion is significantly reduced, which may result in a decrease in tensile strength. As such, with conventional electric wires with terminals, it is difficult to achieve both good electrical continuity between the wires in the crimped portion of the electric wire and excellent tensile strength in the crimped portion.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its object is to provide a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal that can achieve both good conductivity between the wires in the crimped portion of the electric wire and excellent tensile strength in the crimped portion. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal according to the present invention comprises: A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal, comprising: an electric wire having a first core wire made of a plurality of first elemental wires and a first insulating coating covering the first core wire; and a terminal having a core crimping portion crimped to the first core wire exposed from an end of the electric wire, the method comprising manufacturing an electric wire with terminal using a filling wire having a second core wire made of a plurality of second elemental wires and a second insulating coating covering the second core wire, a pre-preparation step of placing the exposed first core wire on the core wire crimping portion and arranging the exposed second core wire above the exposed first core wire while spaced apart from the exposed first core wire; a pre-crimping process in which the core wire crimping portion is sandwiched while being pressed by a pair of electrodes from the outside, and the core wire crimping portion is crimped collectively to the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire; a cutting step of cutting the exposed second core wire so as to separate the second core wire from the filling wire; and a final crimping process in which the core wire crimping portion temporarily crimped to the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire is clamped from the outside by the pair of electrodes while applying pressure, and electricity is passed between the pair of electrodes to weld the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire to the core wire crimping portion by electrical heating. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal that can achieve both good electrical continuity between the wires at the crimped portion of the electric wire and excellent tensile strength at the crimped portion.

[0010] The present invention has been briefly described above. The details of the present invention will become clearer by reading the following detailed description of the invention (hereinafter referred to as "embodiments") with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic top view showing an example of an electric wire with a terminal manufactured by a manufacturing method of an electric wire with a terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic front view showing an example of a manufacturing apparatus used in a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a first schematic view for explaining a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (preparatory step). [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a second schematic view for explaining the method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (pre-crimping step). [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a third schematic view for explaining the method for producing an electric wire with terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (cutting step). [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a fourth schematic view for explaining the method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (retraction step). [Figure 7]FIG. 7 is a fifth schematic view for explaining the method for producing an electric wire with terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (covering crimping step). [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a sixth schematic view for explaining the method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention (full crimping step). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing an electric wire with a terminal according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The electric wire with terminal 1 manufactured according to this embodiment can be used to be routed between various devices such as a battery, inverter, and motor of an electric vehicle, for example.

[0013] [Outline of terminal-attached wire configuration] Hereinafter, an example of the schematic configuration of an electric wire with terminal manufactured by the manufacturing method of an electric wire with terminal according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 1 and other figures, the electric wire with terminal 1 is configured to include an electric wire 10, a filling portion 14A of a filling electric wire 10A, and a terminal 20.

[0014] 1, the electric wire 10 includes a core wire 12 made up of a plurality of wires 11 and an insulating coating 13 covering the core wire. In this example, the wires 11 are made of, for example, aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The insulating coating 13 is made of an insulating resin.

[0015] The filling electric wire 10A is intended to ensure a cross-sectional area of ​​the crimped portion 12a in order to increase the tensile strength of the crimped portion 12a when the core wire crimping portion 22, which will be described later, is in a crimped state. As shown in FIG. 3 and other figures, the filling electric wire 10A is configured to have a core wire 12A made up of multiple wires 11A and an insulating coating 13A that covers the outer periphery of the core wire. For convenience of explanation, the filling electric wire 10A and the electric wire 10 are given different reference numerals, but in this example, the filling electric wire 10A is the same as the electric wire 10. However, the filling electric wire 10A is selected from the best one appropriate for the above-mentioned purpose.

[0016] The terminal 20 is formed by pressing and bending a metal plate into a predetermined shape. In this example, the metal plate is made of, for example, copper or a copper alloy.

[0017] 1, the terminal 20 is configured to have a connecting portion 21, a first connecting portion 20a, a core wire crimping portion 22, a second connecting portion 20b, and a coating crimping portion 23. The connecting portion 21, the first connecting portion 20a, the core wire crimping portion 22, the second connecting portion 20b, and the coating crimping portion 23 are arranged in a line in this order along the extending direction of the electric wire 10 from one terminal side to the other terminal side.

[0018] The connecting portion 21 is a portion of the terminal 20 that is connected to a mating terminal. In this example, the connecting portion 21 is formed in a substantially rectangular tubular shape that extends in the extension direction of the electric wire 10. The connecting portion 21 is connected to the core wire crimping portion 22 via the first coupling portion 20a.

[0019] The core wire crimping portion 22 is a portion that is crimped to the core wire 12 exposed at one end portion of the electric wire 10. As shown in Fig. 3 etc., the core wire crimping portion 22 has a base 22a and a pair of crimping pieces 22b. The base 22a has a generally U-shaped cross section (not shown) and extends in the extension direction of the electric wire 10. The pair of crimping pieces 22b are formed in the shape of arms that extend upward from a pair of widthwise ends of the base 22a, and extend upward while inclining outward in the widthwise direction before being crimped to the core wire 12 (not shown). The core wire crimping portion 22 is connected to the coating crimping portion 23 via the second connecting portion 20b.

[0020] The coating crimping portion 23 is a portion that is crimped to an end portion of the insulating coating 13 of the electric wire 10. As shown in Fig. 3 etc., the coating crimping portion 23 has a base 23a and a pair of crimping pieces 23b. The base 23a has a generally U-shaped cross section (not shown) and extends in the extension direction of the electric wire 10. Similar to the pair of crimping pieces 22b, the pair of crimping pieces 23b are formed in the shape of arms that extend upward from a pair of ends in the width direction of the base 23a, and extend upward while inclining outward in the width direction before being crimped to the core wire 12 (not shown).

[0021] [Manufacturing equipment for electric wires with terminals] An example of an apparatus for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal used in the method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to this embodiment will be described below. The manufacturing apparatus 100 for an electric wire with terminal has an anvil-type electrode 101 (see FIGS. 2 to 8) and a crimper-type electrode 102 (see FIGS. 2, 4, and 8). In addition, in this example, the manufacturing apparatus 100 for an electric wire with terminal has a support plate 103 (see FIGS. 3 to 6), a cutting tool 104 (see FIG. 5), an insulation crimping anvil 105 (see FIG. 7), and an insulation crimping crimper 106 (see FIG. 7).

[0022] The anvil electrode 101 is a fixed mold and has a function of supporting the terminal 20. The anvil electrode 101 is one of the electrodes used for resistance welding.

[0023] The crimper electrode 102 is a movable die located above the anvil electrode 101 and is movable relative to the anvil electrode 101 in the vertical direction (the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the electric wire 10). The crimper electrode 102 is one of the electrodes used for resistance welding. As shown in FIG. 2 and other figures, the crimper electrode 102 has a thickness in the extension direction of the electric wire 10, and a crimping surface 102a recessed upward is formed in the center of the width direction of the lower surface. The crimping surface 102a is formed to crimp while guiding a pair of crimping pieces 22b of the core wire crimping portion 22 of the terminal 20.

[0024] As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the support plate 103 is a plate-like member that supports the filling wire 10A above the wire 10 and separates it from the wire 10 until the retraction step described later, and is movable in the extending direction of the wire 10.

[0025] 5, the cutting tool 104 is used to cut the exposed portion of the core wire 12A of the filling electric wire 10A in a cutting step to be described later. The cutting tool 104 is, for example, a cutter or a laser.

[0026] The insulation crimping anvil 105 is a fixed die and has the function of supporting the insulation crimping portion 23 of the terminal 20 . The coating crimping crimper 106 is a movable die located above the coating crimping anvil 105 and is movable relative to the coating crimping anvil 105 in the vertical direction.

[0027] The anvil-type electrode 101, the crimper-type electrode 102, the support plate 103, the cutting tool 104, the anvil 105 for crimping the coating, and the crimper 106 for crimping the coating are, for example, well-known, and there are no particular limitations on their configurations, shapes, etc. as long as they can be used to implement the present invention.

[0028] [Manufacturing method for electric wire with terminal] An example of the method for manufacturing the electric wire with terminal according to this embodiment will be described below. However, the method for manufacturing the electric wire with terminal is not limited to the following method.

[0029] First, the core wire crimping portion 22 of the terminal 20 is temporarily crimped to the core wire 12 of the electric wire 10 and the core wire 12A of the electric wire for filling 10A (this step is also referred to as the "temporary crimping step"). As a preparation for this step, terminal treatment of the electric wire 10 is performed by removing the insulating coating 13 at one end of the electric wire 10 to expose a predetermined length of the core wire 12. Similarly, terminal treatment of the electric wire for filling 10A is performed by removing the insulating coating 13A at one end of the electric wire for filling 10A to expose a predetermined length of the core wire 12A. In the electric wire for filling 10A, the portion of the core wire 12A exposed by this terminal treatment for the predetermined length becomes the filling portion 14A (see FIG. 3).

[0030] Next, the terminal 20 is placed on the anvil-type electrode 101, and then the electric wire 10 is placed on the terminal 20 so that the exposed core wire 12 is positioned at the base 22a of the core wire crimping portion 22 and the terminal portion of the insulating coating 13 is positioned at the base 23a of the coating crimping portion 23 (see Figure 3).

[0031] Next, the filling wire 10A is supported by the support plate 103 and placed above the wire 10, and then the support plate 103 is moved so that the filling portion 14A is positioned corresponding to the core wire 12 placed on the base 22a (see Figure 3).

[0032] Next, the crimper electrode 102 is moved downward relative to the anvil electrode 101, and the pair of crimping pieces 22b of the core wire crimping portion 22 is crimped collectively to the core wire 12 and the filled portion 14A (see FIG. 4). At this time, the pair of crimping pieces 22b are crimped by the crimping surface 102a of the crimper electrode 102 so as to collectively surround the core wire 12 and the filled portion 14A and so that the pair of downward-facing tips abut against each other and bite into the upper portions of the core wire 12 and the filled portion 14A. In this way, the core wire crimping portion 22 is pre-crimped to the core wire 12 and the filled portion 14A. The portion of the core wire 12 and the filled portion 14A to which the core wire crimping portion 22 is pre-crimped (or crimped) is also referred to as the crimped portion 12a.

[0033] During this temporary pressure-bonding step, filling portion 14A is raised in a state where the other end (the right end in FIGS. 3 to 8), which will later become cut end 15A, is raised above one end side (the left side in FIGS. 3 to 8) of filling portion 14A due to the principle of leverage, with pressure-bonded portion 12a as the point of force and one end of support plate 103 as the fulcrum. Having filling portion 14A in this state is advantageous for the retraction step, which will be described later.

[0034] Next, the cutting tool 104 is used to cut the filling portion 14A of the core wire 12A from the electric wire for filling 10A (see FIG. 5, this step is also referred to as the "cutting step"). That is, the cutting tool 104 cuts the boundary (or the vicinity of the boundary) between the exposed and unexposed portions of the core wire 12A. This separates the filling portion 14A of the core wire 12A from the electric wire for filling 10A.

[0035] Next, the support plate 103 is moved to retract the electric wire 10A from which the filling portion 14A has been cut off (see FIG. 6, this step is also referred to as the "retraction step"). In this retraction step, the cut end portion 15A is in an upwardly standing state as described above, so that sliding contact between the support plate 103 and the filling portion 14A is suppressed.

[0036] Next, the coating crimping crimper 106 is moved downward relative to the coating crimping anvil 105, and the pair of crimping pieces 23b of the coating crimping portion 23 is crimped to the insulating coating 13 (see FIG. 7 ; this step is also referred to as the “coating crimping step”). At this time, the pair of crimping pieces 23b is crimped so as to surround the insulating coating 13.

[0037] Next, the crimper electrode 102 is moved downward relative to the anvil electrode 101, and while pressing the core wire crimping portion 22, electricity is passed between the anvil electrode 101 and the crimper electrode 102 to heat them (see FIG. 8 ; this step is also referred to as the “full crimping step”). As a result, the crimped portion 12a generates heat via the core wire crimping portion 22, melting and softening it. Thereafter, the crimped portion 12a solidifies, integrating the multiple element wires 11 in the crimped portion 12a and welding the outer periphery of the crimped portion 12a to the core wire crimping portion 22, thereby completing the electric wire with terminal 1.

[0038] After heating by applying current, the crimper electrode 102 is moved upward relative to the anvil electrode 101, thereby completing the production of the electric wire with terminal 1. The best method for producing the electric wire with terminal described above can be selected as appropriate. For example, from the viewpoint of productivity, such as reducing the production time, the pre-crimping step and the cutting step may be performed simultaneously, or the coating crimping step and the main crimping step may be performed simultaneously.

[0039] [Example of effect] As described above, according to this embodiment, by filling the crimped portion 12a of the core wire crimping portion 22 to the core wire 12 with the filling portion 14A of the second core wire 12A so that the diameter of the crimped portion 12a is increased in advance, the diameter of the crimped portion 12a can be increased in advance, and even if the plastic deformation of the crimped portion 12a is increased, a decrease in the cross-sectional area of ​​the crimped portion 12a can be suppressed. This suppresses a decrease in the tensile strength of the electric wire with terminal 1, and ultimately improves the tensile strength of the electric wire with terminal 1 compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, because the diameter of the crimped portion 12a is increased in advance by filling the crimped portion 12a with the filling portion 14A as described above, the amount of plastic deformation of the crimped portion 12a is greater compared to conventional methods. That is, to increase the amount of plastic deformation, it takes longer to crimp the core wire crimping portion 22 to the core wire 12 than in the conventional case, and accordingly, the time for passing current between the anvil-type electrode 101 and the crimper-type electrode 102 also becomes longer (in this example, the time corresponding to the main crimping step becomes longer). As a result, the amount of melting of the element wires 11, 11A in the crimped portion 12a increases compared to the conventional case, thereby achieving good electrical continuity between the plurality of element wires 11, 11A in the crimped portion 12a. As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to achieve both good electrical continuity between the wires 11, 11A at the crimped portion 12a of the electric wire 10 and excellent tensile strength at the crimped portion 12a.

[0040] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the temporary pressure-bonding step and the cutting step are performed simultaneously, which reduces the manufacturing time and improves productivity compared to when these steps are not performed simultaneously.

[0041] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the main pressure bonding step and the cover pressure bonding step are performed simultaneously, which reduces the manufacturing time and improves productivity compared to when these steps are not performed simultaneously.

[0042] [Other embodiments] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately modified, improved, etc. Furthermore, the material, shape, size, number, location, etc. of each component in the above-described embodiments are arbitrary and not limited as long as they can achieve the present invention.

[0043] For example, a shape that is directly connected to the crimped portion 12a in the main crimping step may be provided on the surface on which the core wire 12 is placed at the base 22a of the core wire crimping portion 22. Examples of this shape include a plurality of ridges or a plurality of protrusions.

[0044] [Features of the embodiment] The features of the above-described embodiment of the electric wire with terminal according to the present invention will be briefly summarized below.

[0045] [1] A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal, comprising: an electric wire (10) having a first core wire (12) made of a plurality of first element wires (11) and a first insulating coating (13) covering the first core wire (12); and a terminal (20) having a core crimping portion (22) crimped to the first core wire (12) exposed from an end of the electric wire (10), wherein the method manufactures an electric wire with terminal (1) using a filling electric wire (10A) having a second core wire (12A) made of a plurality of second element wires (11A) and a second insulating coating (13A) covering the second core wire (12A), a preparatory step of placing the exposed first core wire (12) on the core wire crimping portion (22) and arranging the exposed second core wire (12A, filling portion 14A) above the exposed first core wire (12) while spaced apart from the exposed first core wire (12); a pre-crimping step of clamping the core wire crimping portion (22) from the outside with a pair of electrodes while applying pressure to the core wire crimping portion (22) to collectively crimp the exposed first core wire (12) and the exposed second core wire (12A, filling portion 14A); a cutting step of cutting the second core wire (12A) so as to separate the exposed second core wire (12A, filling portion 14A) from the filling electric wire (10A); a main crimping process in which the core wire crimping portion (22) temporarily crimped to the exposed first core wire (12) and the exposed second core wire (12A, filled portion 14A) is sandwiched between the pair of electrodes while being pressed from the outside, and current is passed between the pair of electrodes to weld the exposed first core wire (12) and the exposed second core wire (12A, filled portion 14A) to the core wire crimping portion (22) by electrical heating. Manufacturing method of electric wire with terminal.

[0046] According to the configuration [1] above, by filling the crimped portion of the core wire crimping portion to the first core wire with the second core wire, the diameter of the crimped portion can be increased in advance. This allows the diameter of the crimped portion to be increased in advance, and even if the plastic deformation of the crimped portion is increased, the reduction in the cross-sectional area of ​​the crimped portion can be suppressed. This suppresses a reduction in the tensile strength of the electric wire with terminal, and ultimately improves the tensile strength of the electric wire with terminal compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, since the diameter of the crimped portion is increased in advance by filling the crimped portion with the second core wire as described above, the amount of plastic deformation of the crimped portion is greater compared to conventional methods. In other words, to increase the amount of plastic deformation, it takes more time to crimp the core wire crimping portion to the core wire compared to conventional methods, and therefore the time required to pass electricity between the pair of electrodes is also longer. This increases the amount of melting of the element wires (first element wire and second element wire) in the crimped portion compared to conventional methods, thereby ensuring good conductivity between the multiple element wires in the crimped portion. In this way, with this configuration, it is possible to achieve both good electrical continuity between the wires at the crimped portion of the electric wire and excellent tensile strength at the crimped portion.

[0047] [2] A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to the above [1], The temporary pressure-bonding step and the cutting step are performed simultaneously. Manufacturing method of electric wire with terminal.

[0048] According to the configuration [2] above, the temporary pressure-bonding step and the cutting step are performed simultaneously, which reduces the manufacturing time and improves productivity compared to when these steps are not performed simultaneously.

[0049] [3] A method for producing an electric wire with terminal according to the above [1] or [2], The method further includes a coating crimping step of crimping a coating crimping portion (23) provided on the terminal (20) to the first insulating coating (13), The main pressure bonding step and the cover pressure bonding step are performed simultaneously. Manufacturing method of terminal-attached electric wire.

[0050] According to the above configuration [3], the main pressure bonding step and the cover pressure bonding step are performed simultaneously, which reduces the manufacturing time and improves productivity compared to when these steps are not performed simultaneously. [Explanation of symbols]

[0051] 1 Wire with terminal 10 Electric wire 10A filling wire 11,11A bare wire 12,12A core wire 12a Crimped part 13, 13A insulation coating 14A filling part 15A cut end 20 terminals 22 Core wire crimping part 23 Cover crimping part 100 Manufacturing equipment 101 Anvil-type electrode 102 Crimper-type electrode

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal, comprising: an electric wire having a first core wire made of a plurality of first elemental wires and a first insulating coating covering the first core wire; and a terminal having a core crimping portion crimped to the first core wire exposed from an end of the electric wire, the method comprising manufacturing an electric wire with terminal using a filling wire having a second core wire made of a plurality of second elemental wires and a second insulating coating covering the second core wire, a pre-preparation step of placing the exposed first core wire on the core wire crimping portion and arranging the exposed second core wire above the exposed first core wire while being spaced apart from the exposed first core wire; a pre-crimping step of clamping the core wire crimping portion while applying pressure from outside with a pair of electrodes to collectively crimp the core wire crimping portion to the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire; a cutting step of cutting the exposed second core wire so as to separate the second core wire from the filling wire; a main crimping process in which the core wire crimping portion temporarily crimped to the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire is sandwiched between the pair of electrodes while being pressed from the outside, and current is passed between the pair of electrodes to weld the exposed first core wire and the exposed second core wire to the core wire crimping portion by electrical heating. Manufacturing method of electric wire with terminal.

2. A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to claim 1, The temporary pressure-bonding step and the cutting step are performed simultaneously. Manufacturing method of electric wire with terminal.

3. A method for manufacturing an electric wire with terminal according to claim 1, The method further includes a coating crimping step of crimping a coating crimping portion provided on the terminal to the first insulating coating, The main pressure bonding step and the cover pressure bonding step are performed simultaneously. Manufacturing method of terminal-attached electric wire.

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