Surface structure of an object for drag reduction and flow straightening, method for producing the same and device

Abstract

A resistance reducing / flow straightening object surface structure, a manufacturing method and an apparatus, the object surface structure includes a base surface of an object, on which arcuate convexities formed by several arcuate convexities are distributed in an array, the arcuate convexities are arcuate surfaces exposed to the outside of concave bits in a rotatable object with an arcuate surface in a concave bit on the base surface, constituting a rotatable arcuate convexity, or arcuate objects fixed on the base surface, or arcuate convex parts integrally formed with the base surface, constituting fixed arcuate convexities, and the object surface structure on which several arcuate convexities are laid out constitutes an arcuate convex surface structure. The present invention can reduce the resistance and friction between an object adopting the surface structure and an external fluid when the object moves relative to the fluid, and can reduce the amount and action of random waves, vortexes and shock waves of the fluid on the object surface, thereby improving the motion efficiency, reducing the energy consumption of the corresponding traveling equipment, improving the motion efficiency, reducing noise, reducing resonance and improving the controllability of the moving object.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of drag reduction and flow straightening in fluid dynamics, and in particular to surface structures, methods and apparatus for making objects for drag reduction and flow straightening. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to reduce the impact resistance and mutual friction of external environmental fluids (air currents, water currents, etc.) against a relatively moving object, the method currently adopted is to make the object surface as smooth and as streamlined as possible. In order to reduce the random waves, vortexes, shock waves, and their acting forces of the fluid on the surface of a high-speed moving object, the method currently adopted is to make the object surface into a streamlined shape, wave rider shape, etc. However, the effect of these methods is still limited, and in particular, when the relative motion speed of the object is very high, the resistance of the fluid against the object becomes significant, and among them, vortexes and shock waves become particularly significant, resulting in large energy consumption. For example, more than 90% of the power of a high-speed train traveling at 300 km / h is used to resist air resistance. Similarly, the inner surface of an object also has problems such as large resistance to the internal fluid, significant random waves, and obvious fluid stagnation, and the method currently used to reduce the resistance, random waves, and vortexes is to adopt a smooth surface, but the effect is very limited and there is a bottleneck.

[0003] Furthermore, the working and control devices used in many of the conventional fluid-related traveling equipment in aircraft, ships, submarines, various vehicles, etc., such as propulsion devices, reduction gears, attitude adjustment devices, and balancing devices, do not have high power conversion efficiency during operation, and noise and vibration due to defects in their internal and external structures still occur significantly. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the conventional art, the present invention aims to provide a surface structure of an object for reducing resistance and rectifying flow, a manufacturing method and an apparatus therefor, which reduce mutual resistance between an object and a fluid and rectify the flow of a fluid on the surface of the object. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical aspect adopted in the present invention provides a surface structure of an object for reducing mutual resistance between a relatively moving object in a fluid and the fluid and for rectifying the flow of the fluid, said surface structure including a base surface of the object, on which arc-shaped protrusions formed by several arc-shaped protrusions are distributed in an array, said arc-shaped protrusions being arc-shaped surfaces exposed to the outside of a concave bit in a rotatable object with an arc-shaped surface within a concave bit on the base surface, constituting a rotatable arc-shaped protrusion, or being an arc-shaped object fixed on the base surface, or an arc-shaped protrusion portion having an integral structure with the base surface, constituting a fixed arc-shaped protrusion.

[0006] In some embodiments, the surface structure of the object having several arc-convex portions is laid out in an array on a base surface to form an arc-convex surface structure, and the arc-convex portions on the base surface of the arc-convex surface structure are all arc-convex surface structures with rotatable arc-convex portions to form a rotatable arc-convex surface structure, or are all arc-convex surface structures with fixed arc-convex portions to form a fixed arc-convex surface structure, or there are both arc-convex surface structures with rotatable arc-convex portions and arc-convex surface structures with fixed arc-convex portions to form a mixed arc-convex surface structure.

[0007] In some embodiments, the base surface is a flat and / or smooth surface and / or streamlined, the base surface is an inner or outer surface of an object, and the inner or outer surface is a hollowed out or non-hollowed out surface.

[0008] In some embodiments, The above The outer surface of the arc-shaped convex portion is a closed structure, and the inside is a solid or hollow structure.

[0009] In some embodiments, the relative heights of the highest points of the outer surfaces of the arcuate convexities with respect to the base surface are equal, or the differences in the relative heights of adjacent arcuate convexities are equal, or / and the highest points of multiple arcuate convexities are equal. fluid of Relative motion direction The connecting lines may be straight or curved, or may be streamlined.

[0010] In some embodiments, the convex arc is expressed on the base plane by the matrix Layout , plum blossom Layout , matrix replenishment Layout , Plum Blossom Replenishment R The matrix may be one or a combination of the above. R The layout of the base plane means that each arc-convexity on the base plane is a unit of arc-convexity in each row as well as a unit of arc-convexity in each column. R The layout of the matrix means that the convex arcs on the even rows and the convex arcs on the odd rows are located in different convex arcs. R A layout is a matrix R Between the four adjacent arcs of the layout, arc It means that one more arc convex is added according to the size of the base surface between the convex, and the plum blossom added layout is plum blossom R This means that between three adjacent arcs in the layout, one more arc is added that matches the size of the base surface between the adjacent arcs.

[0011] In some embodiments, the direction of the relative motion of the fluid with respect to the object is projected onto the surface of the object. Parallel to the direction of relative motion The line is the matrix Layout , plum blossom Layout , matrix replenishment Layout , Plum Blossom Replenishment R The direction of relative motion is parallel to the arc-convex row of the layout and perpendicular to the arc-convex row of the layout, and the direction of relative motion is the direction of relative motion of an object moving in a single direction, or the direction of the resultant force of multiple directional acting forces generated in multiple relative motion directions of an object moving in multiple directions. of Point.

[0012] In some embodiments, the rotatable object is symmetrical with respect to a central axis, and the rotatable object can be rotated in a single direction, multiple directions, or an arbitrary direction; and Possible The rotation direction corresponds to the direction of fluid motion relative to the object. do .

[0013] In some embodiments, the shape of the rotatable object is a perfect sphere, or an ellipsoid, or a cylinder, or a combination of a cylinder and a sphere, or a combination of a cone and a sphere, or a combination of a cone and a cylinder, and the shape of the concave bit is a hollow structure obtained by proportionally expanding the rotatable object, the remaining structure being partially cut off by a surface having the same shape as the base surface on which the concave bit is located. hollow The shape or bore is slightly larger than the rotatable object. Medium It is in an empty shape.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pivotable object is constrained and pivotable within the concave bit in the following manner: (a) or (b) or (c); As the method (a), the diameter of the outward opening of the concave bit is smaller than the outer diameter of the rotatable object, or the surface of the rotatable object and Inside The walls are smoothed or a lubricant is applied to the surface of the rotatable object and the inner wall surface of the concave bit, and / or wall In the above, several support members are provided to support the rotatable object, and the support members are Inside It is a fixed convex object that is fixed to the wall and does not move, or a concave bit Inside It may be a small ball on the wall or a bearing in the recessed bit. In the method (b), a horizontal bar is provided in the concave bit perpendicular to the relative motion direction between the fluid and the object, and the horizontal bar is a single long horizontal bar passing through the central axis of the concave bit, and both ends are Inside A long horizontal bar that is in contact with the wall and passes through the axis of symmetry of the rotatable object, or a bar that is in contact with the rotatable object and the concave bit. Inside Two short horizontal bars located between the wall and the wall, with the connecting line between them being the axis of symmetry of the rotatable object. ofTwo short horizontal bars passing through the long horizontal bar or the short horizontal bar, both ends or one end of the long horizontal bar or the short horizontal bar are Inside Wall, or and It rotatably and immovably contacts the surface of the rotatable object. As (c), a structural relationship of magnetic levitation interaction force is formed between the concave bit and the rotatable object, so that the rotatable object is levitated within the spherical bit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the shape of the fixed arc convex is: oval Circle, circle A base surface on which the fixed arc is located is provided with any one of the following shapes: a cylinder, a combination of a cylinder and a sphere, a combination of a cone and a sphere, and a combination of a cone and a cylinder. (11) is the shape of one of two structures formed by intersecting a surface of the same shape.

[0016] In some embodiments, the rotatable convex arcs and the fixed convex arcs are laid out in blocks on the base surface or intersecting and mixed, and the proportion of the rotatable convex arcs to the total convex arcs is greater than 0% and less than 100%.

[0017] The present invention further provides a method for producing a rotatable arc-shaped convex surface structure, the method including the following method (a) or method (b) or method (c) or method (d) as some optional methods: Method (a): A rotatable object and a concave bit are manufactured on a surface of an object on which a rotatable arc-convex surface structure is to be manufactured, according to the specifications of the rotatable object, the layout method of the concave bit, and the specifications and requirements of the concave bit, which are determined in advance in the design, or at the same time, a limiting mechanism in the concave bit is also manufactured and the limiting mechanism is set to a set position in the concave bit, and the rotatable object is arranged in the concave bit, so that the rotatable object is restricted in the concave bit by a bit opening of the concave bit which is smaller than the size of the rotatable object, or by a limiting mechanism in the concave bit, or by both a bit opening of the small size and a limiting mechanism in the bit, and can easily rotate around the symmetric axis of the rotatable object, and the rotation direction is opposite to or the same as the predetermined running direction of the object in the fluid, and the object is then disposed. bodyThe fabrication of the rotatable arc-shaped convex surface structure is completed, or a one-shot molding method or a 3D printing method is used to fabricate a target object surface part with a rotatable arc-shaped convex surface structure. As a method (b), a coating is selected whose surface shape matches the shape and curvature of the surface of the portion of the target object to be coated and whose thickness is equal to or slightly greater than the bit depth of the concave bit; Method (a) A coating is prepared according to the above, the surface of which has a rotatable arc-shaped convex surface structure on one side thereof, and the coating is placed such that the surface without the rotatable arc-shaped convexity faces the object and the surface with the rotatable arc-shaped convexity faces the object. body The adhesive is firmly fixed to the corresponding portion of the surface of the object so as to face the corresponding portion of the surface of the object. body The fabrication of the rotatable arc convex surface structure is completed. As the method (c), a concave bit having a bit depth smaller than the set bit depth is manufactured on the surface of the target object according to the set concave bit layout method, the specifications and requirements of the concave bit, or a limiting mechanism is also manufactured and provided in the concave bit, so that the surface shape is the same as that of the target object. body Select a coating that matches the shape and radii of the surface of the portion to be coated, and has a thickness equal to the difference between the bit depth of the set concave bit and the bit depth of the concave bit to be produced on the object, and produce a concave bit on the coating, which penetrates the coating and has a concave bit opening on both sides of the coating, and the shape and size of the bit opening on one side are exactly the same as the shape and size of the bit opening of the concave bit on the object, so that each specification dimension of a new concave bit formed by combining the concave bit and the concave bit produced on the surface of the object is equal to the set concave bit specification dimension, or at the same time, produce a limiting mechanism in the concave bit on the coating, and provide the limiting mechanism in the concave bit, produce a rotatable object according to the set dimensions and requirements, and place the rotatable object between the concave bit of the object and the concave bit at the corresponding position of the coating, and then attach the coating to the object. body The concave bit of the covering is covered on the set portion of the target object so that the rotatable object is restricted in a new concave bit formed by combining the concave bit of the covering and the concave bit of the target object, or in a restricting mechanism in the new concave bit, and the rotatable object is restricted by the restricting mechanism in the new concave bit. capacityAfter it is determined that the coating can be easily rotated, the coating is firmly fixed to the surface of the target object to complete the fabrication of the rotatable arc-convex surface structure of the surface of the target object. Method (d) is to make the sum of the thicknesses of both equal to or less than the bit depth of the set concave bit. large A first coating and a second coating are selected so that the surface shape of one side of the first coating matches that of the object to be coated. body Surface shape of the target area and Same , on each of the two surfaces, a concave bit is fabricated according to the set concave bit layout method, also At the same time, a limiting mechanism is manufactured in the concave bit, and the limiting mechanism is provided in the concave bit; The concave bit is configured so that a new concave bit specification dimension formed by combining the concave bit on the first coating with the concave bit at the corresponding position on the second coating is equal to the set concave bit specification dimension; Manufacture the rotatable object according to the set dimensions and requirements, and then assemble the rotatable object. No. 1 covering of Concave bit and No. 1 covering To Corresponding position of the second coating It is placed between the concave bit and No. 1 covering Reach Beauty Second covering of When combined, the rotatable object becomes, No. 1 covering of Concave bit and Second covering of The rotatable object is restricted within a new concave bit formed by combining with the concave bit or within a restricting mechanism in the new concave bit, capacity After confirming that it can be easily rotated, First and second coatings Then, the rotatable arc-shaped protrusion formed after the combination is fixed firmly. covered Exposure of the arcs of the covering assembly One The surface is coated on the surface of the target portion of the target object with the surface facing away from the target object, thereby completing the fabrication of the rotatable arc-convex surface structure of the target object.

[0018] The coating in the above methods (b), (c) and (d) is a coating having a set uniform size. andIn some embodiments, the fixed-type arc-convex surface structure or the mixed arc-convex surface structure is fabricated by directly fabricating the corresponding arc-convex on the surface of the target object, or by fabricating the corresponding arc-convex on the surface of the coating and then coating the coating on the surface of the target object.

[0019] The present invention provides a surface of an object capable of reducing the relative resistance between a relatively moving object and a fluid in a fluid field and rectifying the flow of the fluid, and the surface is the above-mentioned Umehana surface. R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R Among the layouts, any one of the layouts has a rotatable arc convex surface structure, or the plum blossoms account for more than 50% R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R Among the layouts, one of the layouts can be rotated and the plum blossom R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R a mixed arc-convex surface structure with a fixed arc-convex of any one of the layouts, and the surface includes several parallel planes, inclined planes and curved surface units, wherein a line connecting the highest point of an arc surface between adjacent arc-convex along the relative motion direction of the object to a base plane on which the arc-convex is located is simply called an adjacent convex apex connection line, the parallel plane refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are parallel to each other and parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, the inclined plane refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are parallel to each other and non-parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, the curved surface unit refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are non-parallel to each other and have equal included angles in the same direction with the adjacent adjacent convex apex connections and the relative motion direction of the object, and each of the parallel planes, inclined planes and curved surface units unit The number of the above convexities is 10 or more, and the relative height of each convexity between the highest point of the convexity and the base surface is more than 0.0001 m and less than 1 m, and the shape, volume, and surface area of ​​each convexity on the surface are equal or unequal, and the slope facing the relative motion direction of the fluid and the curved surface adjacent thereto are unit or AdjacentThe parallel surface is defined as a surface where the acute angle between adjacent convex apex connections at adjacent knot points is greater than 0° and less than 5°, and the parallel surface is adjacent to the inclined surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid or the curved surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid. unit The acute angle between adjacent adjacent convex apex connections at adjacent knot points is greater than 0° and less than 5°, and / or the inclined surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid and the curved surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid unit That is, the acute included angle between adjacent adjacent convex apex connections at adjacent knot points is greater than 0° and less than 5°, and the obtuse included angle between adjacent adjacent convex apex connections on the curved surface is greater than 175° and less than 180°.

[0020] The present invention further provides a device for decelerating an object moving relatively in a fluid, the device including an inlet passage having an inlet port located on a surface of a front end of the device, and a return passage extending to the front end of the device while bending at a rear end of the inlet passage, the return passage having a drain port formed on an outer surface of the front end of the device, or a return passage having two or more branched portions, the diameter of the inlet port and the inner diameter of the front part of the inlet passage being larger than the inner diameter of the rear part of the inlet passage, and larger than the inner diameter of the return passage or the sum of the inner diameters of several return passages. the diameter of the outlet or the sum of the diameters of several outlets, the inlet of the inlet passage and the outlet of the return passage are provided with a sliding inlet outer cover and an outlet outer cover, respectively, the sliding outer covers are fixed to the inlet and the outlet so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and open and close in a sliding manner, the inner wall surfaces of the inlet passage and the return passage are the surfaces of the object, and the device is attached to the outside of the object or equipment in a manner that the inlet and the outlet face the direction of relative motion of the fluid, or Processing target and are processed to have an integrated structure, and when deceleration of a relatively moving object or equipment equipped with the deceleration device is performed, the inlet outer cover and the outlet outer cover are opened, and the relatively moving fluid enters the inlet passage and the return passage in sequence from the inlet, and is then discharged from the outlet located at the front end of the object, and a forward thrust is generated on the relatively moving object by the discharged fluid, thereby realizing soft deceleration of the forward-moving object.

[0021] The present invention further provides a device for generating a lateral deviation acting force on an object having relative motion in a fluid, the device including a main body and a fluid passage, a portion of the outer surface of the main body that contacts the fluid and an inner wall surface of the fluid passage are the above-mentioned object surfaces, and convex apex connections of adjacent convexities on one side surface of the inner wall of the fluid passage are parallel to each other and to the relative motion direction of the object, the surface on that side being simply called a parallel surface, and the convex apex connections of adjacent convexities on the inner wall surface on the side facing the parallel surface are parallel to each other and to the relative motion direction of the object, the surface on that side being simply called a parallel surface, follows the direction of fluid motion within the passage The connecting lines are parallel to each other and non-parallel to the direction of relative motion of the objects, or are parallel to the convex vertices of adjacent arcs. follows the direction of fluid motion within the passage The connections are not parallel to each other, and the surface on the side is simply called the inclined surface. The fluid passage has a cross-sectional area that is largest at the front end and gradually decreases toward the rear end. The area of ​​the inlet of the fluid passage is larger than the area of ​​the outlet. The inlet and outlet are provided with sliding inlet outer covers and outlet outer covers, respectively. The sliding outer covers are fixed to the inlet and outlet so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and open and close in a sliding manner. When the device is used to perform a lateral deviation behavior perpendicular to the relative motion direction of a relative moving object to which the device is attached, the closed inlet outer cover and outlet outer cover are opened, and fluid enters and passes through the fluid passage, generating a deviation action force in a direction toward the slope. When the deviation force becomes equal to or greater than the original action force in the opposite direction, the motion direction of the moving object deviates toward the slope. The inlet outer cover is operated to adjust and control the size of the inlet opening, thereby adjusting and controlling the amount of fluid entering the fluid passage, thereby realizing adjustment and control of the magnitude of the deviation action force. As a result, adjustment and control of the deviation speed of the object is realized. When the inlet outer cover and outlet outer cover are closed, the deviation force disappears and the deviation behavior ends. The inclined surface is fixedly provided above the main body in order to provide an upward departure force to the relative moving object to which the device is attached, or is fixedly provided below the main body in order to provide a downward departure force to the relative moving object to which the device is attached, or is provided inside a hollow movable cylinder, and the movable cylinder is mounted inside a hollow fixed cylinder whose inside diameter is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the movable cylinder so as to be rotatable around its own central axis via a bearing mounted on its outside surface, A hoop-shaped gear attached to the outer surface of the cylinder meshes with a circular gear of the rotator, and when the rotator is operated by an operator, the circular gear rotates, and by changing and controlling the rotation angle value, the rotation angle value of the movable cylinder is changed and controlled, and further the direction of the inclined surface of the fluid passage is changed and controlled, thereby changing and controlling the lateral deviation direction of the relative moving object to which the device is attached, and the parts of the inner surfaces of the movable cylinder and fixed cylinder that come into contact with the relative moving fluid are the surfaces of the above-mentioned objects.

[0022] The present invention further provides a fan, the blade of the fan being vane-like with a plurality of identical vanes, or a helical with a single spiral or a plurality of spirals, the vane-like blade having two relatively large blade surfaces: times The thickness of the blade portion located near the rotation axis is slightly thicker than the thickness of the blade portion located relatively farther away, and when the fan is in operation, the rotation direction of the blade is perpendicular to the relative motion direction of the fluid with respect to the fan in the fluid field in which the fan is located, and the relatively large two blade surfaces of the feather-like blade or the blade surface of the spiral blade have an attack angle with the relative motion direction of the air when the fan rotates that is closest to the rotation axis of the blade. Blade surface area Farthest from Blade surface area The angle of attack gradually increases from 135° to 180° as the fan rotates, and the angle of attack with the tangent direction of the circular surface formed by the tail of the blades during fan rotation is closest to the axis of rotation of the blades. Blade surface area Farthest from Blade surface areathe angle of attack between the blade and the fluid and the angle of attack between the blade and the rotation plane of the blade are fixed angle values, or angle values ​​that can be preset or adjusted in real time; the surface of the blade and the surface of other parts of the fan that contact the fluid are the above-mentioned object surfaces, and the possible rotation directions of the rotatable arc convex on the surface are multiple directions or arbitrary directions; and the fan is an independently used passive fan. , an active fan used independently or an active fan connected to and used in combination with a powered drive unit.

[0023] The present invention further provides a thrusting device, the thrusting device including a main passage, an inner wall surface of the main passage being the above-mentioned object surface, and the main passage is provided with an inlet opening facing forward on the outer surface of the front end of the device, and a discharge opening facing backward on the outer surface of the rear end of the device, or step the device is branched into two or more branch drain passages, the inner wall of which is the object surface, and the branch drain passages are formed with drain ports facing backward on a surface at the rear end position or on both sides of the rear end of the device, and an active fan, which is the fan, is provided at the central axis position within the main passage, and when the device is operated, the active fan rotates, causing a fluid to enter the main passage from an inlet port located at the front end of the device, and then flow along the main passage or the branch drain passages toward drain ports located at the rear end or on both sides of the rear end of the pushing device, and then be discharged from the drain ports, thereby realizing the thrust of the fluid toward the rear end of the device, and as a result, a pushing device is formed, and at the same time, a thrust force is generated on the device in the direction of the front end of the device, realizing forward thrust of the device or an equipment to which the device is attached, and as a result, a propulsion device is formed, and when the device is used as a propulsion device, the surface of the portion of its outer surface that comes into contact with an external fluid is the object surface.

[0024] The present invention relates to a balancing device for resisting lateral inclination or lateral overturning of an object with relative motion in a fluid field, the balancing device comprising: a straight passage whose inner walls are parallel to each other and to its own central axis and to the direction of relative motion of the fluid; two circular planes which are parallel to each other and to the central axis of the straight passage; and a circular cavity formed by a circular arc surface wrapped around the edge of the circular planes, a part of the cavity close to the outer edge of the circular cavity and a part of the cavity of the straight passage overlap at an intermediate position of the cavity of the straight passage, and a fan is disposed in the circular cavity. Inside The rotation axis of the fan is located at the center point of the inner walls of two parallel circular planes of the circular cavity and is fixed to one or both inner walls, and the blades of the fan are circle the plane formed by the rotation of the blades is parallel to the circular plane of the circular cavity and the central axis of the straight passage, and a part of the blade surface close to the blade tail of the blade passes through the straight passage; the fan is one or more, and if there are more than one, the plane formed by the rotation of the blades of the multiple fan blades is on the same plane; the straight passage, the circular cavity, the fan blades, and the surfaces of other parts of the device that come into contact with the external relatively moving fluid are the surfaces of the object described above; and the balancing device is theThe balancing device is attached to an exercise equipment or manufactured to be integral with the equipment so that the central axis of the straight passage is parallel to the direction of motion of the equipment, and when the equipment with the balancing device is in motion, a fluid enters from an inlet at the front of the straight passage of the balancing device, flows through the straight passage and is discharged from an outlet at the rear, generating thrust on the fan blades, propelling the fan blades to rotate and causing the fluid in the circular cavity to rotate together, and at the same time, the fluid in the circular cavity rotates together with the fan, and the two influence each other so that their rotation speeds become equal, and an angular momentum is generated by the rotation of the fan and the fluid in the circular cavity, and the angular momentum generates a balancing force that resists the tendency of the equipment to tilt sideways or tip over, thereby maintaining the relative balance of the equipment, and the fan is a passive fan or an active fan. Effect of the Invention

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the object surface of the present invention adopts an arc-convex structure, which reduces the resistance of the external fluid to the relative moving object, the surface friction force, and reduces the turbulent waves, vortexes, shock waves and their acting forces of the fluid on the object surface, thereby improving the motion efficiency, reducing the energy consumption of the corresponding traveling equipment, improving the traveling efficiency, reducing noise, minimizing resonance, and improving the controllability of the moving object.

[0026] When an object surface adopts a fixed arc-convex surface structure, the effects of resistance reduction, rectification, and heat reduction are better than when the object adopts a simple smooth surface, but are worse than when a rotatable arc-convex surface structure is adopted. However, the fixed spherical convex structure has a simpler manufacturing process and lower cost than a rotatable spherical convex structure, and when the requirements for quality and effect are not so high from the viewpoints of cost and economy, it is possible to adopt a fixed arc-convex surface structure or a surface structure combining a fixed arc-convex and a rotatable arc-convex.

[0027] The working devices and control devices using the above-mentioned structure, such as propulsion devices, reduction gear devices, attitude adjustment devices, balance devices, etc., consume less kinetic energy of the fluid, have a higher utilization rate of the fluid energy, have higher efficiency of action on the fluid, and have higher control efficiency on the fluid, resulting in higher working efficiency, control ability and control accuracy. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0028] In order to more clearly describe the technical means of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings necessary for describing the embodiments of the present invention are briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are for some examples of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative labor. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure in which the ball bit is a portion of a complete hollow sphere and the rotatable object within the bit has a complete spherical shape. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spherical arc convex surface structure of a matrix layout. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spherical arc-convex surface structure of the plum blossom layout. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spherical arc convex surface structure of a matrix fill layout. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the spherical arc convex surface structure of the plum blossom supplementary layout. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method for confining a circular sphere within a spherical bit by using a spherical bit whose bit opening radius is smaller than the radius of the circular sphere. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for reducing the rotational resistance of a ball by providing balls on the inner wall of the ball bit. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a method for reducing the rotational resistance of the ball by providing a bearing on the inner wall of the ball bit. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing how a single long horizontal bar is used to pierce a sphere and pass through its center to restrict the sphere within the spherical bit. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a sphere confined within the sphere bit by using two short horizontal bars supported on the outer wall of the sphere. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fixed arc convex surface structure in which the protrusion is a part of a perfect sphere. [Figure 12]FIG. 12 is a side view of the contact surface between an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air in relative motion when the relative speed between the surface and the air reaches V1. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an oblique bottom view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air in relative motion when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V1. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a vertical plane view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air in relative motion when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V1. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a side view of the contact surface between an object with a spherical convex surface in the matrix fill layout and the air in relative motion when the relative speed between the surface and the air reaches V1. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a perspective bottom view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in the matrix fill layout and the air moving relative to it when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V1. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a vertical plane view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in the matrix fill layout and the air in relative motion when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V1. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a side view of the contact surface between the object with the spherical-convex surface structure in the Umehana layout and the air moving relative to the surface when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V2. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a contact surface between a parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in the Umehana layout and the air moving relative to it when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V2 as viewed from below obliquely. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a vertical plan view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical-convex surface structure in the Umehana layout and the air moving relative to it when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V2. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a vertical plan view of the contact surface between the parallel surface of an object with a spherical convex surface structure in the plum blossom supplementary layout and the air moving relative to it when the relative speed between the object and the air reaches V2. [Figure 22]FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of the interaction force between the spherical convex and the air fluid on a slope with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout at a tilt angle of A when the relative velocity between the object and the air is less than V1. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing the change in the rotational speed of the ball in the spherical bit on a slope with a tilt angle of A of an object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout, and the interrelationship between the rotational speed of the ball and the relative speed of the air fluid moving relative to it. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the interaction force between an object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout and an air fluid moving relatively on a slope with a tilt angle of A when the relative velocity between the object and the air reaches V1 and just exceeds V1. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of the contact surface between the sphere and the air on the inclined surface of an object with a rotatable sphere-convex surface structure in a matrix layout at a stage after the relative velocity V1 between the object and the air exceeds a certain value. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of the contact surface between the sphere and the air on the inclined surface of an object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure in a plum blossom layout at a stage after the relative speed between the object and the air exceeds a certain value V2. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure in which the concave bit shape is a portion of an ellipsoid and the rotatable within the bit is a complete ellipsoid shape. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure in which the rotatable object in the concave bit is cylindrical in shape. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure in which the rotatable object in the bit has a shape that is a combination of a sphere and a cylinder. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure in which the rotatable object in the bit has a shape that is a combination of a cone and a sphere. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram of a rotatable arc-shaped convex surface structure in which the rotatable object in the bit has a shape that is a combination of a cone and a cylinder. [Diagram 32]FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of various shapes of the arcuate convexities of the fixed type arcuate convex surface structure. [Diagram 33] FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of how two layers of coatings were integrated into one layer of coating to fabricate a rotatable spherical convex surface structure. [Diagram 34] Fig. 34 is a schematic diagram of a method for producing a rotatable spherical convex surface structure by producing a spherical bit on the surface of an object and coating it with one layer of a coating material. In Figs. 1 to 34, 1 is an object, 2 is an air fluid, 11 is a base surface, 12 is a concave bit, 13 is a rotatable object, 14 is a ball, 15 is a bearing, 16 is a long horizontal bar, 17 is a short horizontal bar, 18 is an arc-shaped object, 19 is an arc-shaped protruding part, 111 is a contact surface between the base surface on a parallel plane and the air fluid moving relative to the object of the spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air fluid when the relative speed between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air fluid reaches V1, and 112 is a contact surface between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air fluid when the relative speed between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in a matrix layout and the air fluid reaches V1. 131 is a contact surface between the spherical convex on the parallel plane and the air fluid moving relatively when the relative speed between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in the matrix layout and the air fluid reaches V1; 132 is a contact surface between the spherical convex on the slope and the air fluid moving relatively when the relative speed between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in the matrix layout and the air fluid is equal to or lower than V1; 133 is a contact surface between the object of the spherical convex surface structure in the matrix layout and the air fluid; 134 is a contact surface between the small convex ball and the air fluid moving relatively on the parallel plane when the relative velocity between the air fluid and an object of the spherical-convex surface structure of the matrix fill-in-place layout reaches V1, 135 is a contact surface between the large convex ball and the air fluid moving relatively on the inclined plane at a stage when the relative velocity between the air fluid and an object of the spherical-convex surface structure of the matrix fill-in-place layout is V1 or less, 136 is a contact surface between the small convex ball and the air fluid moving relatively on the inclined plane at a stage when the relative velocity between the air fluid and an object of the spherical-convex surface structure of the matrix fill-in-place layout is V1 or less, 137 is a contact surface between the spherical convex ball and the air fluid moving relatively on the parallel plane when the relative velocity between the air fluid and an object of the spherical-convex surface structure of the plum blossom layout reaches V2, and 138 is a contact surface between the spherical convex ball and the air fluid moving relatively on the inclined plane at a stage when the relative velocity between the air fluid and an object of the spherical-convex surface structure of the plum blossom layout is V2 or less. [Figure 35-39] 35 to 39 are schematic diagrams of Example 8, in which A and E are parallel surfaces, B and C are inclined surfaces, and D and F are curved surface units. [Diagram 40] FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of Example 9, in which 9-1 is an inlet passage, 9-2 is a return passage, 9-3 is an inlet port, 9-4 is a drain port, 9-5 is an outer cover for the inlet port, and 9-6 is an outer cover for the drain port. [Diagram 41] FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of Example 10. [Diagram 42] FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of Example 11. [Diagram 43] Fig. 43 is a schematic diagram of the device of Example 12. In Figs. 41 to 43, 10-1 is a main body, 10-2 is a fluid passage, 10-3 is an inlet outer cover, 10-4 is a discharge port outer cover, 10-5 is a movable cylinder, 10-6 is a fixed cylinder, 10-7 is a bearing, 10-8 is a hoop-shaped gear, and 10-9 is a rotator. [Diagram 44] FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of a multi-blade fan of the thirteenth embodiment. [Diagram 45] FIG. 45 is a schematic diagram of a single helical blade fan of Example 13. [Diagram 46] FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of a single-passage air-pushing device of Example 14. [Figure 47] Fig. 47 is a schematic diagram of an air forcing device with a branch drain passage according to Example 14. In Figs. 46 to 47, 14-1 is a main passage, 14-2 is an active fan, and 14-3 is a branch drain passage. [Figure 48] FIG. 48 is a schematic diagram of the balance device of the fifteenth embodiment. In FIG. 48, 15-1 is a straight passage, 15-2 is a circular cavity, 15-3 is a fan, 15-4 is an inlet, and 15-5 is an outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] In order to clarify the technical problems, technical means and beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described in this specification are merely for the purpose of interpreting the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "outer", and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are for the purpose of simplifying the description and explanation of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, since the device or member does not have a specific orientation, a specific orientation structure, and an operation. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. In the description of the present invention, the terms "attached", "connected" and "coupled" should be understood broadly unless otherwise specified, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection. They may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They may be a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or an internal communication between two members. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention should be specifically understood by those skilled in the art. Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, the rotatable arc-convex surface structure includes a streamlined and relatively flat base surface 11 of an object 1, on which several arc-convex portions are closely arranged adjacent to each other in a matrix shape as shown in FIG. 2 or a plum blossom shape as shown in FIG. 3. The arc-convex portions are concave bits on the base surface 11, and are spherical surfaces exposed to the outside of the spherical bit 12 in a true spherical hollow or solid circular sphere 13 that is constrained within a true hemispherical concave bit 12 having the same radius, bit depth relative to the base surface 11, and opening radius. The circular sphere 13 can rotate in any direction or in a single direction, and has a radius smaller than that of the true hemispherical concave bit 12. Here, the spherical arc-convex portion is simply called a spherical convex portion, and the hemispherical concave bit is simply called a spherical bit 12. The rotatable arc-convex surface structure is also called a rotatable spherical convex surface structure. The circular sphere 13 is constrained within the spherical bit 12 in the following several ways, and cannot escape but can rotate.

[0030] (1) As shown in FIG. 6, the radius of the bit opening of the ball bit 12 is made smaller than the radius of the sphere and the difference between the two exceeds a certain value; or at the same time The surface of the sphere 13 and the inner wall of the ball bit 12 are smoothed, or at the same time A lubricant is applied to the surfaces of the sphere 13 and the ball bit 12, or the inner wall of the ball bit 12 is provided with several protrusions 14 to support the sphere. The protrusions 14 are either protrusions fixed to the bit wall of the ball bit 12, or micro-balls provided in a micro-concave bit on the bit wall of the ball bit 12 as shown in Figure 7, with part of the ball body exposed outside the micro-concave bit and in contact with the surface of the sphere, or balls provided in bearings 15 in the ball bit 12 as shown in Figure 8. This restraint method allows the sphere 13 to rotate around itself in any direction.

[0031] (2) A limiting mechanism is provided in the ball bit 12. With reference to FIG. 9, for example, a horizontal bar is provided in the ball bit 12 perpendicular to the relative motion direction between the fluid 2 and the object 1, and the horizontal bar is a single long horizontal bar passing through the central axis of the ball bit 12, both ends of which contact the bit wall of the ball bit 12. circleA long horizontal bar 16 passing through the symmetric axis of the ball 13. Or, referring to FIG. 10, two short horizontal bars 17 are located between the ball 13 and the bit wall of the ball bit 12, and the connecting line between the two short horizontal bars 17 passes through the symmetric axis of the ball 13 and the central axis of the ball bit 12, and both ends or one end of the long horizontal bar 16 or the short horizontal bar 17 are connected to the bit wall of the ball bit 12, or and The cross bar contacts the surface of the sphere 13 in a rotatable and immovable manner, and according to this restriction method, the sphere 13 can only rotate in a single direction around the straight line on which the cross bar is located.

[0032] (3) A structural relationship of magnetic levitation interaction force is formed between the spherical bit and the circular ball 13, so that the circular ball 13 is levitated within the spherical bit. This restriction method not only enables the circular ball 13 to rotate around itself in any direction within the spherical bit 12, but also minimizes the friction force between the circular ball 13 and the bit wall of the spherical bit 12 or the structure within the bit.

[0033] Example 2 As shown in Figure 11, the fixed arc-convex surface structure includes a streamlined and relatively flat base surface 11 of an object 1 and fixed arc-convex portions on the base surface 11, the arc-convex portions being hemispherical, immovable and immovable arc-surface objects 18 that are closely adjacently laid out in a matrix or plum blossom pattern, or hemispherical base surface convex portions 19 that appear in a matrix or plum blossom pattern on the base surface 11 and are integrated with the base surface 11, and the fixed arc-convex surface structure is also called a fixed spherical convex surface structure.

[0034] Example 3 A mixed arc-convex surface structure includes a streamlined and relatively flat base surface 11 of an object 1, on which the rotatable spherical convex portions described in Example 1 and the fixed spherical convex portions of Example 2 are closely adjacently laid out in a matrix or plum blossom pattern, and the mixed arc-convex surface structure is also called a mixed spherical convex surface structure.

[0035] The "matrix" in Examples 1 to 3 R The term "layout" refers to the fact that each arc is a unit of arcs in each column and also a unit of arcs in each row. RThe "layout" refers to the fact that the arc-convex on the even-numbered rows and the arc-convex on the odd-numbered rows are located in different arc-convex rows, and here, the "column" refers to a line parallel to the direction of relative motion between the object and the fluid, and the "row" refers to a line perpendicular to the direction of relative motion between the object and the fluid. The spherical convex of Examples 1 to 3 may be laid out on the base surface 11 by the matrix filling method shown in FIG. 4 or the plum blossom filling method shown in FIG. 5, and the "matrix filling" R "Layout" is a matrix R The "plum blossom supplement layout" refers to a layout in which an arc convexity is added between four adjacent arc conves of the layout, the size of which is adapted to the size of the base surface between the adjacent arc conves of the layout. R This means that between three adjacent arcs of the layout, one more arc is added that matches the size of the base surface between the adjacent spherical conves.

[0036] Balls of Examples 1 to 3 Convex On parallel or inclined surfaces of the surface structure each The relative height of the highest point of the outer surface with respect to the base surface 11 of the spherical convexity is equal to the relative height of the base surface 11, and the relative height of the highest point of the outer surface with respect to the base surface 11 of the adjacent spherical convexity on the curved surface unit is equal to the relative height of the base surface 11 of the adjacent spherical convexity on the curved surface unit. each The difference in the relative heights of the highest points of the spherical convex surfaces is equal, and the line connecting the highest points of the spherical surfaces between adjacent spherical convex surfaces along the direction of relative motion of the object to the base surface on which the spherical convex surfaces are located is simply called the adjacent convex apex connection line, and the adjacent convex apex connections on the same row are on the same straight line or curve, and the connection line between the straight line and the curve forms a streamlined shape. column The adjacent convex vertices of the curve are parallel to each other and parallel to the direction of motion of the object relative to the fluid. column The adjacent convex vertices of the curved surface are parallel to each other and non-parallel to the direction of motion of the object relative to the fluid. column This refers to the fact that adjacent convex connections are non-parallel to each other and that the angles between adjacent convex connections and the direction of motion of the object relative to the fluid are equal.

[0037] The surface structures of Examples 1 to 3 are collectively called spherical-convex surface structures, and when an object having any of the spherical-convex surface structures of Examples 1 to 3 is subjected to relative motion in a fluid, When the speed of movement is above a certain value, receiving from said fluid the The resistance is smaller or much smaller than the fluid resistance experienced by an object having a smooth surface structure when it moves relative to another object in a fluid. For example, when an object moves relative to another object in an air fluid, In the following The principle is explained as follows.

[0038] 1. Parallel surfaces As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 to FIG. 14, the matrix R The spherical-convex surface structure of the object is parallel to the surface. Located in the back row The spherical convexity is in the direction of relative motion of the object Located in the front row As the relative speed of the objects increases, due to the action of inertia, it becomes increasingly difficult for the external air particles to reach the low-lying area between the leading and trailing convexities, which are completely blocked by the convex spheres. When the relative motion speed reaches or exceeds a certain value V1 (V1 is the speed at which many sports equipment and vehicles are normally operated or driven, and when the spherical convex surface structure is a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, V1 is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the rotatable speed of the circular ball 13 in the spherical bit 12 in the rotatable spherical convex surface structure), the contact surface between the parallel surface of the object and the external air fluid moving relatively therewith becomes an arc line segment 131 that passes through the point on the spherical convex surface on the base surface of the parallel surface that is farthest from the base surface, is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion of the object, and has both ends reaching the base surface of the object, and a rectangular base surface 111 that is located between the bottoms of adjacent spherical convexities, has a width equal to the interval between adjacent spherical convexities in the fixed spherical convex surface structure or the interval between adjacent spherical bits in the same row of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure, and has a length equal to the length in the direction of motion of the parallel surface. Since the spherical convexities are closely laid out on the base surface, the rectangular base surface 111 has a very narrow width and a relatively small area, and the area occupies a very small proportion of the area of ​​the base surface. The arc line segment 131 is only a single line segment, so its area is even smaller. Therefore, in this case, the matrix R In the layout, the contact area between the parallel surfaces of an object having a spherical-convex surface structure and the external air fluid moving relatively thereto is much smaller than that of the parallel surfaces of an object having a smooth surface structure.

[0039] When the velocity is from zero to V1, the contact surface between the spherical convex on the parallel plane of the object and the external air fluid is Overall aspect The contact area between the external air fluid and the base surface gradually decreases from the entire base surface between the spherical convex to the rectangular base surface 111. This stage is the starting stage of the exercise equipment or vehicle, V The stage where the speed reaches 1 or more and the driver maintains the speed of V1 is Usually after start This is a normal operating stage. Usually persistent The time is relatively long. As shown in Figure 15 and Figures 16-17, R When the relative motion speed of an object with a spherical convex surface structure of the layout is V1 or more, the contact surface between the parallel surface of the object and the external air fluid moving relatively is an arc line segment passing through the farthest point on the large spherical convex surface of the base surface of the parallel surface from the base surface, and is perpendicular to the direction of the relative motion of the object. R both ends is close to the contact surface an arc segment 133 that does not reach the base plane of the object, and an arc segment that passes through the point on the small spherical convex surface farthest from the base plane and is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion of the object R both ends is close to the contact surface becomes an arc line segment 134 that does not reach the base surface of the object, and the sum of the arc line segment 133 and the arc line segment 134 is much smaller than the parallel surface of the object having a smooth surface structure.

[0040] As shown in Figures 18 and 19 to 20, R In the case of an object having a spherical-convex surface structure of the layout, the spherical convexities of the front odd rows on a parallel plane parallel to the direction of relative motion between the object and the fluid are directly in front of the spherical convexities of the rear odd rows in the direction of relative motion of the object, and are directly above the midpoints of the low-land areas between adjacent spherical convexities in the same row of the spherical convexities of the rear even rows in the direction of relative motion of the object, and the spherical convexities of the front even rows are directly in front of the spherical convexities of the rear even rows in the direction of relative motion of the object, and are directly above the midpoints of the low-land areas between adjacent spherical convexities in the same row of the spherical convexities of the rear odd rows in the direction of relative motion of the object, so that the rear surface The front surface of the spherical convex of the row is surface The shoulder of the convex sphere near the base surface is completely blocked by the convex sphere of the row. surface It is blocked by the sphere convexity of the row.

[0041] Due to the action of inertia, the relative motion speed of an object is a constant value V2 (When two spherical convex bodies of the same size are placed in the same fluid environment, V 2 >V 1 When the size of the sphere is small, V 2 ≒V 1, and when the spherical convex surface structure is a rotatable spherical convex, V2 is equal to or less than the upper limit of the rotatable speed of the circular ball 13 in the spherical bit 12 in the rotatable spherical convex surface structure. When The contact surface between the parallel surface of the object and the external air fluid moving relative to it is an arc line segment passing through the point on the spherical convex surface on the base surface of the parallel surface that is the furthest from the base surface, perpendicular to the direction of the relative motion of the object, and both ends are Close to This results in an arc segment 137 that does not reach the base surface of the object, and the arc segment 137 is much smaller than the parallel surface of the object that employs a smooth surface structure.

[0042] When the relative motion speed of the object is from zero to V2, the contact surface between the spherical convex on the parallel plane and the external air fluid gradually decreases from the entire front half of the exposed surface of the spherical convex to the arc line segment 137, which is the starting stage of the exercise equipment or vehicle; Usually time Persistence is relatively short, while the stage where the vehicle reaches V2 or higher and maintains the V2 speed is After starting the normal equipment or vehicle Normal operation It is a stage , Normal duration The time is relatively long.

[0043] Figure 21, Plum Blossom Refill R When the spherical convex surface structure of the layout is adopted, the small spherical convex to be supplemented has a lower relative height to the base surface than the large spherical convex, so when the relative motion speed is equal to or greater than a certain value V2, the external air fluid cannot contact the surface of the small spherical convex, and as a result, the contact surface between the parallel surface of the object and the external air fluid remains an arc segment 137. The small spherical convex plays a role in accelerating the reduction speed of the contact between the external air fluid and its parallel surface only when the object speed is from zero to V2. Since the magnitude of the friction force is directly proportional to the size of the contact surface, the matrix R Layout, Plum Blossoms R Layout, Queue R Iout ceremony, plum blossom replenishment RWhen the relative motion speed between an object with a spherical-convex surface structure of this layout and the air fluid exceeds a certain value, the frictional force between the parallel surfaces and the air fluid becomes significantly smaller than the frictional force between the parallel surfaces and the air fluid when a smooth surface structure is adopted. Of these, the air resistance experienced by a rotatable spherical-convex surface structure is smaller than that experienced by a mixed spherical-convex surface structure of the same layout and specifications, and the air resistance experienced by a mixed spherical-convex surface structure is smaller than that experienced by a fixed spherical-convex surface structure of the same layout and specifications. R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R The parallel surfaces of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout of the object have mutual resistance (i.e., frictional force) between the object and the external air fluid that decreases to zero when the object reaches a certain relative velocity value.

[0044] 2. Front slope As shown in Figure 12, the matrix R Layout of spherical convex surface structure of object on front slope surface The part of the sphere near the base plane in the row of convex spheres is the front in the direction of relative motion of the object. surface The row is partially blocked by the spherical convexity, and due to the action of inertia, the matrix R The relative motion speed of the object with the spherical convex surface structure of the layout is V3 (V3 ≦ When V1 is reached, the air fluid moves relative to and the contact area of ​​the convex sphere can only contact a part of the surface of the spherical convex, the length of the chord line of the contact surface on the spherical convex is directly proportional to the cosine value of the inclination angle of the front slope, the contact surface on the spherical convex is a spherical surface 132 surrounded by the front horizontal arc line segment of the exposed surface of the spherical convex, the rear horizontal arc line segment, and two vertical arc line segments that contact the base surface on both the left and right sides of the spherical convex; before the relative motion speed reaches V1, with the increase of the relative motion speed of the object, the contact surface of the external relative motion air fluid with the spherical convex gradually shrinks from the entire front spherical convex surface that meets the motion direction of the air fluid on the exposed surface of the spherical convex to the spherical surface 132; As the relative motion speed continues to increase , the spherical surface 132 continues to shrink until it shrinks to a single arc on a spherical convex surface, Fluids and ObjectsThe contact surface with the base surface gradually shrinks from the entire base surface between the spherical protrusions and becomes a rectangular base surface located between the bottoms of the adjacent spherical protrusions of the fixed spherical protrusion surface structure or between the adjacent spherical bits of the rotatable spherical protrusion surface structure. The width is equal to the distance between the bottoms of the adjacent spherical protrusions of the fixed spherical protrusion surface structure or the distance between the adjacent spherical bits of the rotatable spherical protrusion surface structure, and the length is equal to the length in the movement direction of the inclined surface until it shrinks to the rectangular base surface 112.

[0045] Similarly, as shown in FIG. 15, matrix replenishment R When the relative movement speed of the object with the spherical protrusion surface structure in the layout reaches V4 (V4 < V1), the contact surface between its front inclined surface and the external air fluid is a spherical surface 135 surrounded by the front lateral arc segment, the rear lateral arc segment, and the two vertical arc segments at the left and right waists on the exposed surface of the large spherical protrusion, and a spherical surface 136 surrounded by the front lateral arc segment, the rear lateral arc segment, and the two vertical arc segments at the left and right waists on the exposed surface of the small spherical protrusion.

[0046] As shown in FIG. 18, plum blossom R Among the spherical protrusions on the surface of the front inclined surface of the object with the spherical protrusion surface structure in the layout, the parts near the base surface in the middle of the rear surface row of spherical protrusions and the parts near the base surface on both sides are blocked by the spherical protrusions in the front surface row in the relative movement direction of the object, and the length of the chord line of the blocked surface is directly proportional to the cosine value of the inclination angle of the front inclined surface. The plum blossom R When the relative movement speed of the object with the spherical protrusion surface structure in the layout with respect to the external air fluid reaches V5 (V5 ≦ < V2), due to the action of inertia, the contact surface between the front inclined surface of the object and the relatively moving external air fluid becomes a spherical surface 138 surrounded by the front lateral arc segment, the rear lateral arc segment, and the two vertical arc segments at the left and right waists on the exposed surface of the spherical protrusion. Before the relative movement speed reaches V2, as the relative movement speed of the object increases, the contact surface between the relatively moving external air fluid and the spherical protrusion gradually shrinks from the entire front spherical protrusion surface of the spherical protrusion facing the movement direction of the air fluid on the exposed surface of the spherical protrusion and the base surface between the spherical protrusions to the spherical surface 138, and the spherical surface 138 The relative motion speed continues to increase continues to shrink until it shrinks to one arc line on the spherical protrusion surface.

[0047] When the acute angle between the front inclined surface and the relative motion direction of the object is relatively small, plum blossom replenishment R When the object with the spherical convex surface structure of the out reaches a relative motion speed V5 with respect to the external air fluid, the contact surface between its front inclined surface and the air fluid in relative motion remains the spherical surface 138. As the acute angle of the inclined surface gradually increases, the air fluid in relative motion gradually comes into simultaneous contact with the exposed spherical convex surface of the large spherical convex, the exposed spherical convex surface of the small spherical convex, and the base surface between the spherical convexes, and continues to increase until it contacts the surface of all parts of the front inclined surface. The angle of attack of the front inclined surface of the object a is in the range of 0° < a < 45°, 135° < a < 225°, 315° < a < 360°, matrix R out, plum blossom R out, matrix replenishment R When the speed of the object with the spherical convex surface structure of the out, plum blossom replenishment layout reaches a certain value, the contact surface between the front inclined surface of the object and the air fluid in relative motion, and the corresponding frictional force are smaller than those of the inclined surface adopting a smooth surface. Among them, the frictional force received by the front inclined surface of the object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure from the air fluid is smaller than that of the mixed spherical convex surface structure, and the frictional force received by the front inclined surface of the object with the mixed spherical convex surface structure from the air fluid is smaller than that of the fixed spherical convex surface structure. The air fluid in relative motion reaches the front inclined surface with an angle of attack of 45° ≤ a ≤ 135°, 225° ≤ a ≤ 315° from the outside of the object or the front inclined surface with an angle of attack of 0° ≤ a < 45°, 135° < a < 225°, 315° < a ≤ 360°, and then heads towards the front inclined surface or the parallel surface or the rear inclined surface with an angle of attack of 0° ≤ a < 45°, 135° < a < 225°, 315° < a ≤ 360° tree When the discharge speed of the air fluid becomes smaller than the retention speed, a phenomenon occurs where the air fluid accumulates on the inclined surface. Therefore, when the angle of attack of the front inclined surface of the object is in the range of 45° ≤ a ≤ 135°, 225° ≤ a ≤ 315°, the fixed spherical convex surface structure fails to exhibit the resistance reduction effect, while the rotatable spherical convex surface structure has a certain ability to eliminate the retention of the air fluid and still exhibits a certain resistance reduction effect. However, the resistance reduction effect gradually decreases until it disappears as the angle of attack of the inclined surface increases within the range of 45° ≤ a ≤ 135°, 225° ≤ a ≤ 315°.

[0048] In addition, the rotatable ball-convex surface structure has a significantly greater friction force than the fixed ball-convex surface structure. ability It not only reduces the impact force that the air flow exerts on the front slope, but also reduces the impact force that the air flow exerts on the front slope. R When the relative motion speed between the object having the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout and the external air fluid is equal to or lower than V1 (V1 is lower than the upper limit of the rotational speed of the circular sphere 13), the acting force F at any contact point on the contact surface 132 between the air fluid in relative motion and the spherical convex on the front slope of the object is along the tangent of the spherical convex at the contact point and has a direction different from the relative motion direction of the air fluid. Match The force F1 can be decomposed into an action force F1 and an action force F2 that is perpendicular to the tangent line and directed toward the object. Furthermore, F1 can be decomposed into an action force F3 that is in the same direction as the relative motion direction of the air fluid, and an action force F4 that is perpendicular to the relative motion direction of the external air fluid and directed away from the object, and F2 can be decomposed into an action force F5 that is in the same direction as the relative motion direction of the air fluid, and an action force F6 that is perpendicular to the relative motion direction of the external air fluid and directed toward the object. Among them, the action forces F4 and F6 are opposite in direction and have the same magnitude, so they balance each other out and cancel each other out, and the action forces F3 and F5 are in the same direction and are superimposed on each other, with the result of the superposition being equal to F, specifically, F3=cos 2 (a) × F, F5 = sin 2 (a) × F, F3 + F5 = (cos 2 (a) + sin 2 (a)) × F = F, where 0 ≦ A, a is the included angle between the air fluid and the spherical convex surface, and A is the included angle between the front slope and the relative motion direction of the object. When the relative motion speed of the object is less than V1, a and A form an acute angle. <Aとなる。

[0049] As shown in Figure 23, the rotation speed of the ball in the ball bit increases due to the thrust of the air fluid in relative motion, and the air fluid and the matrix R The relative motion speed of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the object is V 空気 ​is the rotation speed of the sphere in the ball bit on the front slope of the object. (linear velocity) V 球 =V 空気 When it reaches ÷cos(a), the rotational speed of the sphere V 球 is the linear velocity V in the same direction as the relative motion of the air fluid. 球1 is equal to the velocity of the air fluid relative to the object. In this case, the contact points between the air fluid particle and the sphere are stationary in the direction of the relative motion of the air fluid, and the mutual relationship between them in the direction of the relative motion of the air fluid is action The force F3 exerted by the external relative air fluid on the object at the contact point becomes zero, that is, F3 is converted into the rotational force of the sphere at this time. motion The force acting on the object by the air fluid at the contact point remains F5, F5=sin 2 (a) × F.

[0050] As shown in FIG. R The relative motion speed of the object with the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout is V1 Exceeds a certain value The contact surface between the front slope of the object and the air fluid moving relative to it is a horizontal arc L1 that passes through the exact center point O of the exposed surface of the sphere and is perpendicular to the direction of relative motion, as shown in Figure 25. In this case, a=A (A is the included angle between the front slope and the direction of relative motion of the object), F5=sin 2 (A)×F. In this case, the outward repulsive force F4 on the arc line L1 of the contact surface facing the air fluid moving relative to the object is equal to the impact force F6 that the air fluid moving relative to the object exerts on the contact point on the arc line toward the object, and is greater than the impact force F6 of the contact points of all other parts on the spherical convex contact surface 132 other than the arc line L1. As a result, the air fluid particles moving toward the original contact surface 132 are all on the surface formed by all tangents perpendicular to the arc line L1 shown in FIG. Spatial regions other than In this case, the matrix R The object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout has a resistance on the slope that is sin 2 Only the impact force F5, which is equal to (A) × F, and the friction force of the base surface 112 in the longitudinal direction remain. R The velocity of the object with the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout is V2 Exceeding a certain value If the speed range continues for a certain period of time, R The air and fluid particles of the original contact surface 138 on the inclined surface of the rotatable spherical convex structure of the layout are all moving along a horizontal arc L2 passing through the exact center point of the exposed surface of the sphere shown in FIG. 26 and perpendicular to the direction of relative motion. Spatial regions other than At this time, the relative resistance on the slope is expressed as sin 2 All that remains is F5, which is equal to (A) × F, and since the sines of the supplementary angles are equal to each other, F5 is also equal to the square of the sine of the angle of attack.

[0051] For example, if a train has a front slope angle of 150°, at normal running speed, the queue refill R Layout or Plum Blossom R If we adopt the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout or plum blossom supplement layout, the Front slope Spherical convex part The air impact force that 2 150°×F=sin 2 30°×F=0.25F, whereas if a smooth surface is used, the air impact force received will be sin150°×F= sin 30°×F=0.5F.

[0052] In summary, when the relative speed of an object with a spherical convex surface moving relative to another object in an air flow field satisfies a certain condition, the air resistance on both the parallel surface and the front slope is smaller than that of the object with a smooth surface. R Layout, queue refill R The drag reduction effect of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the plum blossom supplementary layout is matrix R This is superior to the conventional rotatable spherical convex surface structure.

[0053] In the case of a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, the maximum drag reduction effect of the structural object is achieved by the maximum rotational speed of the sphere in the spherical bit. Relative MotionThe upper limit value of the speed is restricted. By reducing the mutual resistance between the spherical ball and the spherical bit through methods such as reducing the mass of the spherical ball, and / or smoothing the surfaces of the spherical bit and the spherical ball, and / or applying a lubricant inside the spherical bit, and / or providing small spherical protrusions or balls, and / or manufacturing the spherical bit and the spherical ball as a magnetic levitation system structure, it is possible to improve the maximum rotatable speed of the spherical ball.

[0054] Also, the state of the air fluid inside the spherical bit is one of the factors affecting the maximum rotatable speed of the spherical ball. For the rotatable spherical protrusion on a parallel plane and on a front inclined plane where the included angle in the relative movement direction is in the range of 0°≦a<45°, 135°<a<225°, 315°<a≦360°, without lubricant application or Lubricants after application, when the spherical ball rotates inside the spherical bit where there is still a gap between the spherical bit and the spherical ball, the spherical ball pushes the air inside the spherical bit out from the front part of the bit opening of the spherical bit, while the rotating spherical ball brings a certain amount of air into the spherical bit from the inlet at the rear part of the spherical bit. When the rotation speed of the spherical ball is not high, the air inside the spherical bit and the air taken out from inside the spherical bit are approximately equal, and the air volume inside the spherical bit is relatively stable Brought in . As the rotation speed of the spherical ball becomes higher and higher, first, since the gap at the inlet of the spherical bit is narrow, the air resistance of the bit opening to the spherical ball surface becomes larger and larger, and the air on the spherical ball surface becomes more and more loose and expands, so more and more air is stripped from the spherical ball surface by the bit opening when entering the spherical bit. As a result, the air entering the spherical bit becomes less and less. And as the rotation speed of the spherical ball increases, more and more of the air attached to the spherical ball surface is shaken off before reaching the inlet of the spherical bit, so the air entering the spherical bit becomes less and less, while when the spherical ball rotates and exits the spherical bit, it always With equal efficiency carries out the air inside the spherical bit, so the air density inside the spherical bit shows a continuous downward trend. Among them, when the surface structure of the rotatable spherical protrusion is a matrix R layout, the air always enters the spherical bit from the base surface 111 or 112 at the opening of the spherical bit Inside ​​However, as the air flow passing above the base surface increases with the increase in the relative motion speed of the object, the amount of air supplied to the ball bit becomes less and less. In addition, the air in the ball bit is continuously reduced due to the rotation of the ball, so that the matrix R Although the air density in the spherical bit on the surface of the object of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout is continuously reduced, a vacuum state does not always occur, and the density air is always in a relatively low state. R In the case where the layout is a suction layout, the plum blossom replenishment layout, and the relative motion speed of the object with respect to the external air is V2 or more, and Rotatable spherical convex surface structure matrix filling R When the layout is such that the relative motion speed of the object with respect to the outside air is V1 or more, the air cannot contact the base surface and cannot enter the ball bit through the opening of the ball bit, so the air inside the ball bit gradually flows out and becomes almost in a vacuum state, and as a result, the ball is in a vacuum state. Rotates with almost zero air resistance Therefore, the maximum rotation speed of the ball can theoretically be infinite.

[0055] 3. Adjacent surfaces, curved surfaces, and inner surfaces of passages Objects that have different angles with respect to the direction of relative motion Different parts of There is a certain included angle between adjacent surfaces of a surface, and the included angle is the included angle between the connecting line of the highest point of the arc convexity on the adjacent surface and the base surface and the relative motion direction of the object. There is also a certain included angle between the connecting line of the highest point of the arc convexity on a curved surface and the base surface, and the included angle can be considered as the included angle of several adjacent surfaces. In a fluid field, the fluid flows in the direction of the relative motion of the object. One of the aspects of this type When entering from the relative altitude of a surface into the relative altitude of another surface, the acute angle of the included angle is small The more the fluid disturbance to the fluid field Small As a result, disturbance to the fluid near the object surface is reduced, and the number of turbulent waves, vortexes and shock waves generated is reduced, resulting in a smaller wave energy. On the other hand, the smaller the acuteness of the included angle, the more the opposite happens. That's big.For an outer surface where the outside is an open space, the energy wave caused by the disturbance propagates mainly in a direction away from the object surface and attenuates, and the attenuation speed is relatively fast. For an inner surface where the outside is a relatively closed space, such as the inner wall of a pipe, the energy wave caused by the disturbance acts on all the inner walls of the passage, and the attenuation speed within the passage is relatively slow. R Layout or matrix filling R The force acting on the inner surface of the passage of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure, which is the layout of the sphericity, is sin 2 (θ)×F (where θ is the included angle of the adjacent surface of the inner surface of the passage, and F is the force of the fluid acting perpendicularly to the object surface). When there are a sufficient number of rotatable spherical convexities on the inner surface of the passage and the acute included angle of the adjacent surfaces is relatively small, the force received by the inner wall of the passage is related only to the included angle of the adjacent surfaces and the convex apex connection of the adjacent spherical convexities on the curved surface, and is not related to the curvature and degree of bending of the passage. For a calculation example of the force receiving condition of the adjacent surfaces, please refer to Example 8.

[0056] 4. Rear slope, rear curved surface From the perspective of the entire force-receiving system of an object moving relatively in a fluid field, even if an air rarefaction region or a relative vacuum region appears behind the object when the relative motion speed of the object is high, the impact of the shape of the rear slope and rear curved surface and the size of the included angle between it and the direction of relative motion on the resistance of the object moving relatively is very weak and can be ignored, but the size of the included angle between the adjacent convex apex connection line between the rear slope and rear curved surface of an object with an arc-convex surface structure affects the state of air waves near the surface of the object at the rear, and the smaller the acute included angle of the included angle, the smaller the random waves, vortexes, and shock waves of the air near the surface of the object, the smaller the energy of the air waves, and the smaller the energy of the disturbance, while the larger the acute included angle of the included angle, the opposite is true. Therefore, the rear slope and rear curved surface of an object with a spherical convex surface structure do not play the role of reducing resistance, but when the adjacent acute included angle between the rear slope and rear curved surface and the adjacent surface is small, they play the role of rectification.

[0057] 5. Dynamic aspects A dynamic surface refers to an object surface whose relative motion angle with the fluid changes with time and / or the displacement position of the object. The frictional force experienced by the surface of an object with a dynamic surface and spherical-convex surface structure is related to the spherical-convex layout, and is R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R The frictional force experienced by the surface of the object having the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the dynamic surface layout tends to become zero when the relative motion speed of the object reaches a certain value, and the fluid impact force experienced by the surface of the object having the rotatable spherical convex surface structure with the dynamic surface is directly proportional to the square of the sine value of the angular variable value of the dynamic included angle of the relative motion direction between the dynamic surface and the fluid.

[0058] Sixth, multi-directional motion surface Multi-directional motion refers to the motion of an object in two or more directions and / or forms relative to a fluid, in which case the frictional force experienced by the surface of the spherical-convex surface structure object is the same as that experienced by a unidirectional motion object, see above description. It has multi-directional movement. The magnitude of the impact force received by the surface of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure object is directly proportional to the square of the sine of the included angle between the lateral direction of the fluid and the object, and the square of the sine of the included angle between the longitudinal direction of the fluid and the object. For a calculation example of the force-receiving situation of the surface of the multi-directional moving object, please refer to Example 13.

[0059] As can be seen from the above, when an object with a rotatable spherical convex surface structure moving relatively in an air fluid field satisfies certain conditions for its relative motion speed, and when its curved surface, adjacent surface, and inner wall surface of the passage satisfy certain conditions, the mutual friction and impact force between it and the fluid is significantly reduced or disappears compared to an object with a smooth surface, and accordingly, the random waves, vortexes, and shock waves caused by the friction and impact force are reduced, reduced, or disappear, so that the air fluid is straightened compared to a smooth surface, and the resulting noise and self-vibration are reduced.

[0060] It should be explained that the arc-convex surface structure, especially the rotatable arc-convex surface structure, is suitable for reducing the resistance of an object with a large relative motion speed in a fluid field, but is not suitable for an object with a small relative motion speed, because when the relative speed is low, the effect of reducing resistance cannot be exerted.On the other hand, the arc-convex surface structure, especially the rotatable arc-convex surface structure, is more suitable for reducing the resistance of an object with a relatively large surface area in a fluid field, but is not suitable for an object with a relatively small surface area, because the smaller the surface area, the more difficult it is to manufacture arc-convexities on the surface that meet a certain quantity and certain dimensional requirements. When the number of convexities is relatively small, it is difficult for the fluid to form a linear flow layer on the convex surface; when the volume of the convexity is relatively small, the relative height of the convexity to the base surface is smaller than the microscopic action radius of the fluid particles themselves in the fluid field where the object is located, and the fluid particles moving relatively will still always be in contact with the base surface, so that the resistance reduction effect is lost; and when the dimension is too small, the dimensional difference between the rotatable object and the concave bit is smaller, which not only makes it more difficult to manufacture the spherical bit and the round ball, but also makes it difficult for the rotatable object to be confined more tightly in the concave bit without falling off, or cannot rotate normally, so that the resistance reduction effect is reduced or lost.

[0061] The sphere of the rotatable spherical convex surface structure in Examples 1 and 3 may be replaced with a rotatable object with an arcuate surface in the shape of an ellipsoid shown in FIG. 27, a cylinder shown in FIG. 28, a combination of a cylinder and a sphere shown in FIG. 29, a combination of a cone and a sphere shown in FIG. 30, or a combination of a cone and a cylinder shown in FIG. 31. Correspondingly, the spherical bit 12 may be replaced with the shape of the remaining structure in which the hollow structure in which the rotatable object is enlarged is partially cut off by a plane parallel to the central axis of the structure, or with a cuboid shape whose inner cavity is slightly larger than that of the rotatable object, or with other hollow shapes, and the spherical convexity on the base surface of the fixed spherical convex surface structure in Examples 2 and 3 may be replaced with the remaining structural shape in which any one of the shapes shown in Figures 32A, 32B, 32C, 32D, and 32E, a perfect ellipsoid, a perfect cylinder, a combination of a cylinder and a sphere, a combination of a cone and a sphere, and a combination of a cone and a cylinder, is intersected by a surface that is the shape of the base surface on which the fixed spherical convexity is located, and correspondingly, other It has the role of reducing the relative resistance between the fluid and an object moving relative to it in the fluid, and of rectifying the flow of the fluid. The different spherical convex surface structures are The needs of different drag reduction and flow straightening requirements, different working requirements, different parts of an object or different application environments can be met.

[0062] Example 4 A method for producing a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, comprising: producing a spherical ball and a spherical bit on a surface of an object on which the rotatable spherical convex surface structure is to be produced, according to the specifications of the spherical ball, the layout method of the spherical bit, the specifications and requirements of the spherical bit determined in advance in a design; or at the same time, producing a limiting mechanism in the spherical bit and setting the limiting mechanism at a set position in the spherical bit; placing the spherical ball in the spherical bit; and restricting the spherical ball in the spherical bit by a bit opening of the spherical bit that is smaller than the size of the spherical ball, or by the limiting mechanism in the spherical bit, or by both the small-sized bit opening and the limiting mechanism in the bit, so that the spherical ball can be easily rotated around the symmetrical axis of the spherical ball, and the direction of the rotation is different from the predetermined running direction of the object in the fluid. Match Thus, the production process is completed.

[0063] Example 5 A method for manufacturing a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, comprising: selecting a coating whose surface shape matches the surface shape and radian angle of the part of the target object to be coated and whose thickness is equal to or slightly greater than the bit depth of the spherical bit; and manufacturing a coating having a rotatable spherical convex surface structure on one side on the coating according to the manufacturing method of Example 4; and coating and firmly fixing the coating to the corresponding part of the target object surface so that the side without the rotatable spherical convex faces the target object and the side with the rotatable spherical convex faces away from the target object, thereby completing the manufacturing process.

[0064] Example 6 A method for manufacturing a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, comprising: determining the specifications of a circular sphere, a spherical bit layout method, and a spherical bit specification in a design; then, as shown in FIG. 33, selecting a coating A and a coating B, the total thickness of which is equal to or slightly greater than the bit depth of the set spherical bit, and the surface shape of one side of the coating A matches the surface shape of the target portion of the object to be coated; and manufacturing a spherical bit on the surface of the coating A and the coating B, respectively, according to the set spherical bit layout method; and making the manufactured spherical bit satisfy the condition that the specification dimension of a new spherical bit formed by combining the spherical bit on the coating A with the spherical bit at the corresponding position on the coating B is equal to the specification dimension of the set spherical bit; or at the same time, manufacturing a limiting mechanism in the spherical bit, providing the limiting mechanism in the spherical bit, manufacturing a circular sphere according to the set dimensions and requirements, and combining the spherical bit of the coating A with the spherical bit at the position corresponding to the coating A; Covering B The coating A and the coating B are placed between the ball bit and the ball bit, and the coating A and the coating B are combined so that the ball is restricted within a new ball bit formed by combining the ball bit of the coating A with the ball bit of the coating B, or within a restricting mechanism within the new ball bit. After it is confirmed that the ball can easily rotate around its own axis of symmetry, the two are firmly fixed, and then the coating combination with the rotatable ball convex formed after the combination is coated on the target portion of the object with the exposed surface of the ball convex facing away from the object, thereby completing the manufacturing process.

[0065] Example 7 As shown in Figure 34, this is a method for producing a rotatable spherical convex surface structure, in which coating B in Example 6 is replaced with a target object, a spherical bit is produced on the surface of the target object according to the method for producing a spherical bit on the surface of coating B in Example 6, and a rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the target object is produced according to the method for producing a coating combination in Example 6.

[0066] In the manufacturing methods of Examples 4 to 7, the characteristics and useAccording to the needs, the sphere may be made as a hollow sphere or a solid sphere by adopting materials such as plastic, wood, ceramics, metal, etc., and the coating may be made of soft or hard materials such as plastic, rubber, metal. The coating may be made as a coating with a target size for the entire surface of the object or the surface of a part of the object, or as a coating module of uniform size including only one sphere or a uniform specific number of spheres. Among them, the manufacturing method of the coating module with a uniform number of spheres and uniform size is advantageous for the production line of the coating, and also easy to install, replace and maintain. The fixed arc-convex surface structure and the mixed arc-convex surface structure are manufactured by a method of directly manufacturing the corresponding spheres on the surface of the object, or a method of manufacturing the corresponding spheres on the surface of the coating, and then coating the coating of the spheres on the surface of the object.

[0067] Example 8 An object surface for reducing the relative resistance between a relatively moving object and an air fluid and for rectifying the air fluid on the object surface, the object surface including parallel surfaces indicated by surface A in FIG. 35 and surface E in FIG. 38, inclined surfaces indicated by surface B in FIG. 35 and surface C in FIG. 36, curved surface units indicated by surface D in FIG. 37, and surface F in FIG. 38. The above The parallel surface, the inclined surface and the curved surface unit are one or more, and the surface of each of the parallel surface, the inclined surface and the curved surface unit is a plum blossom surface. R The number of the spherical convex parts on each surface is 10 or more, the relative height value between the highest point of the spherical convex part and the base surface is 1 mm, and the included angle between the parallel plane of the object surface and the front slope is 1 mm. beforeAs shown in FIG. 36, the included angle between the adjacent front slopes of the object surface is equal to 0.5° as shown in FIG. 37, the included angle between the adjacent front slopes of the object surface is equal to 0.5° as shown in FIG. 37, the included angle between the adjacent front slopes of the object surface is equal to 0.5° as shown in FIG. 37, the included angle between the adjacent front slopes of the object surface is equal to 0.5° as shown in FIG. 37, the included angle between the adjacent front slopes of the object surface is equal to 0.5° as shown in FIG. The included angles of adjacent convex vertices between the parallel plane of the object surface and the adjacent front curved surface unit are equal to 0.5° as shown by ∠5 and ∠6, the included angles of adjacent convex vertices between the parallel plane E and the adjacent front curved surface unit F in Fig. 38 are equal to 0.5° as shown by ∠7 and ∠8, the included angles of adjacent convex vertices between the parallel plane E and the adjacent front curved surface unit F in Fig. 38 are equal to 0.5°, and the included acute angles of adjacent convex vertices between adjacent front curved surface units or between a front curved surface unit and an adjacent parallel plane are equal to 0.5°. A "curved surface unit" refers to a surface unit in which the included angles of adjacent convex vertices on the surface in the same direction are equal to 0.5° as shown by ∠9, ∠10, ∠11, ∠12, ∠13 in Fig. 39. And the angle value is The included angles of the adjacent convex vertices between adjacent rear slopes of the surface, between adjacent rear curved surfaces, between a rear slope and an adjacent front curved surface or rear curved surface or parallel surface, and between a rear curved surface and an adjacent parallel surface of the surface, can be any value or the included obtuse angle can be equal to 179.5°.

[0068] When the object surface is an outer surface and the outside of the outer surface is a relatively open space, the relative motion speed of the object in the air is equal to or greater than a certain value. (Surface (The above figure for an object moving through the air is approximately 100 km / hour) and less than another number The frictional forces between all the surfaces of the object and the air become zero, and when the air reaches the next adjacent outer arc surface from the previous outer arc surface in the relative motion direction of the object, object The impact force of the air flow near the surface on the external air field is sin 2 ( 0.5° ) ×F=sin 2 (179.5°) ×F≒ 0.000076F, and when the air reaches the next adjacent inner arc surface from the previous inner arc surface in the relative motion direction of the object, the impact force that the air flow near the surface exerts on the object surface is sin 2 ( 0.5° ) ×F=sin 2 (179.5°) ×F≒ 0.000076 F, which is approximately (1-sin 2 (0.5° ) / sin(0.5°)) × 100% ≒ 99.13 % reduction (where F is the impact force of an equivalent air flow impinging perpendicularly on the object surface).

[0069] When the object surface is the inner wall of a passage, when the relative motion speed of the air flow in the passage exceeds a certain value, the frictional force between the air flow and the inner wall surface becomes zero, and the consumption of air energy due to the frictional force and the amount of air stagnation become zero. The impact force of the air flow against the inner wall is expressed as sin 2 ( 0.5° ) ×F=sin 2 (179.5°) ×F≒ 0.000076 F, which is approximately (1-sin 2 ( 0.5 °) / sin(0.5°) ) × 100% ≒ 99.13 % reduction.

[0070] The more the number of spherical convexities on each surface of the spherical-convex surface structure, the smaller the acute angle between the adjacent convex vertices is, and the easier it is to manufacture the structure. As can be seen from the above analytical calculation, the smaller the acute angle is, the smaller the impact force of the air on the inner or outer surface of the object or the air field outside the object surface is, so the impact force on the object surface is smaller and the disturbance to the fluid near the surface is smaller. tooThe smaller the surface area of ​​the object, the fewer the random waves, vortexes and shock waves that are generated, the smaller the wave energy, and the larger the surface area of ​​the object, the more likely it is to satisfy this condition. Therefore, the drag reduction effect produced by the surface of this embodiment and the following Examples 9 to 15 that employ the surface of this embodiment and other spherical-convex surface structures can be easily realized only when the surface area is relatively large and the condition is satisfied.

[0071] Example 9 As shown in FIG. 40, the device for decelerating an object in relative motion through air includes an inlet passage 9-1 with an inlet port 9-3 located on the front end surface of the device and an opening facing forward. At the rear end of the inlet passage 9-1, a return passage is formed which curves and extends toward the front end of the device, and on the outer surface of the front end of the device, one return passage 9-2 is formed, or two or more return passages are branched off, and the diameter of the inlet port 9-3 and the inner diameter of the front part of the inlet passage 9-1 are larger than the inner diameter of the rear part of the inlet passage 9-1, and are larger than the inner diameter of the return passage 9-2 or the sum of the inner diameters of several return passages 9-2, and are larger than the diameter of the drain port 9-4 or the sum of the diameters of several drain ports 9-4. The inlet port 9-3 of the inlet passage 9-1 and the drain port 9-4 of the return passage 9-2 are provided with sliding inlet port outer covers 9-5 and drain port outer covers 9-6, respectively, and the sliding outer covers are fixed to the inlet port and drain port so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and open and close in a sliding manner. The inner wall surfaces of the inlet passage 9-1 and the return passage 9-2 are the surfaces described in Example 8, and the device is attached to the outside of an object or equipment with the inlet 9-3 and the outlet 9-4 facing the direction of relative fluid motion. In the above-mentioned direction The object or device is processed to form an integral structure.

[0072] When the relative motion object or motion equipment with the deceleration device is decelerated, the inlet outer cover 9-5 and the outlet outer cover 9-6 are opened, and the air in relative motion enters the inlet passage 9-1 and the return passage 9-2 from the inlet 9-3 in sequence, and is then discharged from the outlet 9-4 located at the front end of the object, generating a forward reverse thrust. Since the surface structure described in Example 8 is adopted, as can be seen from the calculation analysis of Example 8, when the motion speed of the object is relatively high, the friction force between the inner walls of the inlet passage 9-1 and the return passage 9-2 and the air becomes zero, air The loss of impact force is very small. Therefore, the consumption of the kinetic energy of the air is very small, and the amount of air remaining in the passage is very small. As a result, the kinetic energy of the exhausted air is For smooth surfaces Since the thrust is relatively large and approximately directly proportional to the relative speed of the object in relative motion, a large forward thrust is generated for the object in relative motion, which is approximately directly proportional to the relative speed of the object, and the object is decelerated with relatively high efficiency. Also, since the deceleration is achieved in the form of an impact on the external air field by the airflow, the deceleration effect is relatively high efficiency and gentle. On the other hand, if each passage of the present device adopts a smooth surface, the air will stagnate due to frictional resistance between the air and the inner wall of the passage, and further, as the relative speed of the object increases, the rate at which the stagnation amount increases will increase, and finally, the air in the passage and the passage wall will come to a relative standstill. Compressed air trapped in the passage was done Since the air overflows only near the entrance and exit of the passage, the kinetic energy of the overflow is very small, and as a result, the deceleration effect cannot be achieved. Highly efficient The slowdown effect cannot be achieved.

[0073] According to this embodiment, a spherical convex surface structure, particularly a plum blossom structure, R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R The rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout not only reduces resistance and rectifies the flow, but also improves the effective resistance, deceleration braking It has been shown that it plays a role in improving the controllability and safety of the system.

[0074] Example 10 As shown in FIG. 41, a device for generating an upward deviation action force on a relatively moving object in an air field includes a device body 10-1 and a fluid passage 10-2, and the portion of the outer surface of the device body 10-1 that contacts the air fluid and the inner wall surface of the fluid passage 10-2 have the surface structure described in Example 8, the convex apex connections of adjacent spherical convexities on the lower surface of the inner wall of the fluid passage 10-2 are parallel to each other and parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, and the surface on that side is called a parallel surface, the convex apex connections of adjacent spherical convexities on the upper surface are parallel to each other or non-parallel to each other, but the angle values ​​of the included angles in the same direction of the adjacent adjacent convex apex connections are equal and non-parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, and the surface on that side is called an inclined surface, and the acute included angle of the inclined surface with respect to the parallel surface is The average value of is 30°, the area of ​​the inlet of the fluid passage 10-2 is larger than the area of ​​the outlet, the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid passage 10-2 is largest at the front end and gradually decreases from the front end to the rear end, and the inlet and outlet are provided with sliding inlet outer covers 10-3 and outlet outer covers 10-4, respectively, and the sliding outer covers are fixed to the inlet and outlet so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and open and close in a sliding manner.

[0075] When an upward acting force is applied by the device to the relative motion object or motion equipment to which the device is attached, the inlet port outer cover 10-3 and the outlet port outer cover 10-4, which were closed, are opened, and the air fluid enters the fluid passage 10-2 and passes through it, causing a change in the relative motion direction of the object or equipment with respect to the relative motion object or motion equipment. Upward A force perpendicular to the airflow direction is generated, and the size of the opening of the inlet outer cover 10-3 is adjusted and controlled to adjust and control the amount of air entering the fluid passage 10-2, thereby achieving the purpose of adjusting and controlling the magnitude of the upward acting force. When the upward acting force becomes greater than the original downward acting force (e.g. gravity) of the relative moving object or equipment, the moving direction of the moving object deviates upward, and when the outer cover 10-3 and the outer cover 10-4 are closed, the upward deviation force disappears, and the upward deviation behavior ends.

[0076] The device of this embodiment has the following function with respect to a relative moving object to which the device is attached: Upward force or Upward Movement direction For example, when the device is installed in an automobile, it can provide an upward acting force to the automobile, thereby reducing the frictional force between the automobile's tires and the ground, and when the device is installed in an aircraft, it can provide an upward lift force to the aircraft, thereby enabling it to take off or fly upward. When the inner wall of the passage 10-2 of the device adopts the surface structure described in Example 8, the moving air fluid can consume very little energy in the fluid passage 10-2. few Therefore, the efficiency of the force converted to the slope is high When the traveling speed of the automobile or aircraft is high, a large upward acting force can be generated, whereas if the inner wall of the passage of this device has a smooth surface, the effect of upward departure described in this embodiment will be difficult to achieve due to air stagnation in the passage.

[0077] Example 11 As shown in FIG. 42, in this embodiment, the inclined surface of the fluid passage 10-2 in the tenth embodiment is Aisle On the bottom, parallel surface Aisle The device of this embodiment can achieve the role of efficiently changing the direction of the relative moving object to which the device is attached downward. For example, when the speedboat is traveling at high speed, the forward buoyancy of the water generates a large upward force on the front of the speedboat, tilt The device is mounted on a speedboat and a rotatable arc-convex surface structure is applied to the bottom of the speedboat, which can effectively prevent the speedboat from capsizing without increasing the energy consumption of the speedboat and thus reduce the energy consumption of the speedboat, thereby improving the performance of the speedboat in terms of stability and cruising speed.

[0078] Example 12 As shown in Fig. 43, in this embodiment, the fluid passage 10-2 in the embodiment 10 is provided inside a hollow movable cylinder 10-5, and the movable cylinder 10-5 is mounted inside a hollow fixed cylinder 10-6 whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the movable cylinder 10-5 so as to be rotatable around its own central axis via a bearing 10-7 mounted on its outer surface. A hoop-shaped gear 10-8 is mounted on the outer surface of the movable cylinder 10-5, and the hoop-shaped gear 10-8 meshes with a circular gear of a rotator 10-9. The hoop-shaped gear 10-8 rotates when the rotator 10-9 is operated to rotate, and the rotation angle value of the movable cylinder 10-5 is controlled by controlling the rotation angle value, thereby changing and controlling the direction of the inclined surface inside the fluid passage 10-2, and changing and controlling the lateral departure direction of the relative moving object to which the device is attached is achieved.

[0079] The device can perform a function of efficiently changing the direction of a relative moving object to which the device is attached in any direction perpendicular to the direction of the object. For example, when the device is attached to an aircraft, the device can realize highly efficient change and control in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the aircraft.

[0080] According to Examples 10, 11 and 12, the spherical convex surface structure, especially the plum blossom structure, R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R It has been shown that the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the layout not only has the role of reducing resistance and rectifying the flow, but also has the role of efficiently changing and / or controlling the direction and attitude of a relative moving object, thereby improving the efficiency of controlling the direction and attitude.

[0081] Example 13 A fan for operation in air, comprising: The fan The blades may be multiple identical vanes as shown in FIG. 44 or a single spiral as shown in FIG. SpiralOr it is a spiral shape with a plurality of spirals. Among them, two relatively large blade surfaces of the feather-like blade are curved surfaces that are parallel or nearly parallel to each other. In the case of a nearly parallel curved surface, the thickness of the blade portion located near the rotation axis is slightly thicker than the thickness of the blade portion located relatively farther away, and when the fan is in operation, the rotation direction of the blade is perpendicular to the relative motion direction of the fluid with respect to the fan in the fluid field in which the fan is located, and the two relatively large blade surfaces of the feathery blade or the blade surface of the spiral blade have a shape such that the angle of attack with the relative motion direction of the air fluid when the fan rotates gradually increases from 150° to 180° from the point closest to the rotation axis of the blade to the point farthest from the rotation axis of the blade, and the angle of attack with the tangent direction of the circle formed by the tail of the blade when the blade rotates gradually increases from 150° to 180° from the point closest to the rotation axis of the blade to the point farthest from the rotation axis of the blade, and the angle of attack between the blade and the rotation plane of the blade may be a fixed angle value, or may be adjusted in advance or in real time before operation, and the surface of the blade and the contact surface between the rotation axis and the air are the surfaces described in Example 8.

[0082] The relative flow velocity of the air is greater than a certain value and less than the maximum rotational speed of the sphere, and the maximum Available at If the angular velocity is smaller than the rotational velocity, the blade surface is relatively large. surface The friction between the blade and the air is zero, and the impact force of the air against the blade is the same as that on the horizontal and vertical slopes of the blade. R The layout is weakened twice by the rotatable spherical convexity of the layout, and the total rate of the two weakenings is (sin 2 150°×sin 2 150°×F 総 +sin 2 180°×sin 2 180°×F 総 )÷√2÷F 総 ×100% ≒ 4.4%, whereas if a smooth surface is used, the weakening rate due to the force applied to the blade is (sin150° × F 総+sin180°×F 総 )÷√2÷F 総 × 100% ≈ 35%, and it is clear that the force experienced by the fan blade of this embodiment is much smaller than that experienced by the corresponding blade having a smooth surface.

[0083] The fan of this embodiment may be an active fan with a driving device, or a passive fan without a driving device. In the case of an active fan, the resistance between the fan and the air is significantly lower than that of a fan with a smooth surface, so the work efficiency of the active fan to the air is significantly improved, while in the case of a passive fan, the work efficiency of the air to the active fan is also significantly improved.

[0084] Example 14 As shown in Figures 46 to 47, an air pushing device includes a main passage 14-1 whose inner wall surface is the surface described in Example 8, and the main passage 14-1 has an inlet port with an opening facing forward formed on the outer surface of the front end of the device, and an outlet port with an opening facing backward formed on the outer surface of the rear end of the device, or step The main passage 14-1 is branched into two or more branch drain passages 14-3, the inner wall of which is the surface described in Example 8, and the branch drain passages 14-3 are formed with drain ports whose openings face rearward on the surface at the rear end position or both sides of the rear end of the device, and an active fan 14-2, which is the fan of Example 13, is provided at the central axis position within the main passage 14-1. Pushing flow When the device is in operation, the active fan 14-2 rotates, and air enters the main passage 14-1 from an inlet located at the front end of the device, and then flows along the main passage 14-1 or the branch drain passage 14-3 toward a drain port located at the rear end of the thrusting device or on both sides of the rear end, and is discharged rearward from the drain port, thereby realizing thrusting of air toward the rear end of the device, and generating a thrust force toward the front end of the device, thereby realizing a backward thrust of air, or a forward thrust of the device or an equipment to which the device is attached, and as a result, the air thrusting device or the air thrusting device Based on A propulsion device is formed. The device is an air Based onWhen used as a propulsion device, the surface of the portion of the outer surface that comes into contact with the outside air is the surface described in Example 8. Since the main passage 14-1 and the branch exhaust passage 14-3 of this embodiment adopt the surface described in Example 8 and adopt the fan of Example 13, as can be seen with reference to the force receiving analysis of Examples 8 and 13, the thrust efficiency of the device of this embodiment against the air is significantly higher than that of the corresponding device adopting a smooth surface, and therefore the thrust-to-weight ratio when the device of this embodiment is used as a propulsion device is significantly higher than that of the corresponding device adopting a smooth surface.

[0085] According to this embodiment, a spherical convex surface structure, particularly a plum blossom structure, R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R It has been shown that the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the above-mentioned layout not only has the role of reducing resistance and rectifying the flow, but also has the role of improving the working efficiency of the fluid power device.

[0086] Example 15 As shown in FIG. 48, a balance device for resisting the lateral tilt and lateral overturn of a relative moving object in an air field, the inner walls of which are parallel to each other and the central axis of the device and the air flow are parallel to each other. Relative motion of objects The linear passage 15-1 is parallel to the direction of relative motion, and two circular planes are parallel to each other and to the central axis of the linear passage 15-1, and a circular cavity 15-2 is formed by a circular arc surface that is wrapped around the edge of the circular plane perpendicularly. A part of the circular cavity 15-2 near the outer edge and a part of the linear passage 15-1 overlap at a middle position inside the linear passage 15-1, and a fan 15-3 is provided in the circular cavity 15-2. Inside The fan 15-3 has a rotation axis located at a line connecting the center points of the inner walls of two parallel circular planes of the circular cavity 15-2 and fixed to one or both sides of the inner walls. The blades of the fan 15-3 are two parallel circular planes, which are parallel to the circular cavity 15-2 and have arc-shaped distal portions at the ends far from the rotation axis, and a blade that is wrapped around the edges of the two circular planes perpendicularly. circleThe blades rotate in a plane that is parallel to the circular plane of the circular bore 15-2 and the central axis of the straight passage 15-1, and a part of the blade surface near the tail of the blade passes through the straight passage 15-1. The fan 15-3 may be one or more. When there are more than one fan 15-3, the planes that the blades of the multiple fans 15-3 rotate in are on the same plane, and the straight passage 15-1 inner wall , circular bore 15-2 inner wall , Fan 15-3 Blade surface and the other surfaces of the device which come into contact with the air in relative motion are the surfaces described in Example 8.

[0087] The balance device is attached to the moving object or equipment so that the central axis of the straight passage 15-1 is parallel to the moving direction of the equipment, or is manufactured to be integral with the moving object or equipment. When the moving object or equipment with the balance device is moving, the air enters from the inlet port 15-4 at the front of the straight passage 15-1 of the balance device, flows through the straight passage, and is discharged from the outlet port 15-5 at the rear. During this time, the air generates a thrust force on the blades of the fan 15-3, which propels the blades of the fan 15-3 to rotate, and the air in the circular cavity 15-2 rotates together with the blades of the fan 15-3. The rotation of the air in the fan 15-3 and the circular cavity 15-2 influences each other to make the rotation speeds of both equal. The rotation of the air in the fan 15-3 and the circular cavity 15-2 generates a corresponding angular momentum, which generates a balancing force that resists the tendency of the moving object or equipment to tilt sideways and to tip sideways, thereby maintaining the relative balance of the moving object or equipment. The faster the traveling speed of the moving object or equipment, the faster the rotational speed of the blades of the fan 15-3 and the air inside the circular cavity 15-2 becomes, the larger the corresponding angular momentum value becomes, and the larger the balancing force generated becomes, making it less likely that the moving object or equipment will tilt or tip over sideways.

[0088] The inner wall of the straight passage 15-1, the inner wall of the circular cavity 15-2, and the surfaces of the blades adopt the surfaces described in Example 8. As can be seen from the force analysis of Example 8, in the balancing device having a relatively large surface area of ​​the straight passage, circular cavity, and blades, when the object is traveling at a high speed, the energy loss of the air flowing through the straight passage 1 and the circular cavity 2 is very small, and the kinetic energy conversion efficiency is higher. As a result, the air in the blades and the circular cavity can rotate at high speed more efficiently, and the corresponding angular momentum generated is also relatively high, thereby realizing the provision of a relatively high balancing force.

[0089] The fan 15-3 may be the above-mentioned passive fan or an active fan. In the case of using an active fan, when the relative speed between the object to which the balancing device is attached and the air is low or stationary, the thrust of the air fluid on the blades is relatively low or zero, and when the rotational speed of the blades obtained from the thrust of the air is low or zero, when the driving device of the active fan is turned on, the blades of the fan 15-3 rotate or the rotational speed increases, thereby generating or increasing the balancing force.

[0090] According to this embodiment, a spherical convex surface structure, particularly a plum blossom structure, R layout, plum blossom replenishment layout, queue replenishment R It has been shown that the rotatable spherical convex surface structure of the above layout not only serves the role of drag reduction and flow straightening, but also provides a balancing force to resist lateral tilt and lateral overturning for a relative moving object or equipment in a fluid field.

[0091] The above embodiments are only for explaining the technical means of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. The present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify the technical means described in the above embodiments or replace some of the technical features with equivalents, but these modifications or replacements should be understood to be within the scope of protection of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical means of each embodiment of the present invention. .

Claims

1. The surface structure of an object for reducing mutual resistance between an object moving relatively in a fluid and the fluid and for rectifying the flow of the fluid includes a base surface (11) of the object (1), on which arc-shaped protrusions formed by several arc-shaped protrusions are distributed in an array, and the arc-shaped protrusions are arc-shaped surfaces exposed to the outside of a concave bit (12) in a rotatable object (13) with an arc-shaped surface within a concave bit (12) on the base surface (11), constituting a rotatable arc-shaped protrusion, or an arc-shaped object (18) fixed on the base surface (11), or an arc-shaped protrusion portion (19) having an integral structure with the base surface (11), constituting a fixed arc-shaped protrusion.

2. The surface structure of the object (1) having several arc-convex surfaces is laid out in an array on a base surface (11) to form an arc-convex surface structure, and the arc-convex surfaces on the base surface (11) of the arc-convex surface structure are all arc-convex surface structures having rotatable arc-convex surfaces, forming a rotatable arc-convex surface structure, or are all arc-convex surface structures having fixed arc-convex surfaces, forming a fixed arc-convex surface structure, or there are both arc-convex surface structures having rotatable arc-convex surfaces and arc-convex surface structures having fixed arc-convex surfaces, forming a mixed arc-convex surface structure.

3. The surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the base surface (11) is a flat or / and smooth surface or / and streamlined, the base surface (11) is an inner or outer surface of an object (1), and the inner or outer surface is a hollowed out or non-hollowed out surface.

4. The surface structure according to claim 1 , wherein the outer surface of the arcuate projection is a closed structure and the inner surface is a solid structure or a hollow structure.

5. The surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative height of the highest point of the outer surface of the arc convexity with respect to the base surface (11) is equal to the base surface (11), or the difference in the relative heights of adjacent arc convexities is equal, and / or the connecting line of the highest points of multiple arc convexities is straight or curved, or has a streamlined shape.

6. The surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the base surface, the arc convexities form one or a combination of a matrix type, a plum blossom type, a matrix fill type, and a plum blossom fill type layout, in which the matrix type layout means that each arc convexity on the base surface (11) is a unit of the arc convexities of each column and also a unit of the arc convexities of each row, the plum blossom type layout means that the arc convexities on the even rows and the arc convexities on the odd rows are located in different arc convex rows, the matrix fill type layout means that between four adjacent arc convexities in the matrix type layout, there is further filled one arc convexity that is adapted to the size of the base surface between adjacent spherical conves, and the plum blossom fill type layout means that between three adjacent arc convexities in the plum blossom type layout, there is further filled one arc convexity that is adapted to the size of the base surface between the adjacent arc convexities.

7. The surface structure described in claim 6, characterized in that the line formed by projecting the relative motion direction of the fluid (2) with respect to the object (1) onto the surface of the object (1) is parallel to the arc-convex columns of the matrix type, plum blossom type, matrix-replenishment type, and plum blossom-replenishment type layout and perpendicular to the arc-convex rows, and the relative motion direction refers to the relative motion direction of an object moving in a single direction, or the direction in which the resultant force of multiple directional acting forces generated in multiple relative motion directions of an object moving in multiple directions is directed.

8. 8. The surface structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotatable object (13) is symmetrical with respect to a central axis, the possible rotation directions of the rotatable object (13) are single direction, multiple directions or arbitrary directions, and the rotation direction coincides with the direction of movement of the fluid (2) relative to the object (1), the relative movement direction of the fluid (2) relative to the object (1) being the relative movement direction according to claim 7.

9. The surface structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the rotatable object (13) is a perfect sphere, an ellipsoid, a cylinder, a combination of a cylinder and a sphere, a combination of a cone and a sphere, or a combination of a cone and a cylinder, and the shape of the concave bit (12) is the shape of a remaining structure in which a hollow structure obtained by proportionally enlarging the rotatable object (13) is partially cut off by a surface of the same shape as the base surface (11) on which the concave bit (12) is located, or another hollow shape whose inner cavity is slightly larger than that of the rotatable object (13).

10. The pivotable object (13) is constrained and pivotable within the concave bit (12) in the following manner (a), (b), or (c): As the method (a), the diameter of the outward opening of the concave bit (12) is smaller than the outer diameter of the rotatable object (13), or / and the surface of the rotatable object (13) and the inner wall of the concave bit (12) are smoothed, or / and a lubricant is applied to the surface of the rotatable object (13) and the inner wall surface of the concave bit (12), or / and several support members (14) for supporting the rotatable object (13) are provided on the inner bit wall of the concave bit (12), and the support members (14) are fixed protrusions fixed to the bit wall of the concave bit (12) and do not move, or micro balls provided in micro concave bits on the bit wall of the concave bit (12), or bearings (15) provided in the concave bit (12); In the method (b), a crossbar is provided in the concave bit (12) perpendicular to the relative motion direction between the fluid (2) and the object (1), the crossbar being one long crossbar (16) passing through the central axis of the concave bit (12), both ends of which contact the bit wall of the concave bit (12) and pass through the symmetric axis of the rotatable object (13), or two short crossbars (17) located between the bit wall of the rotatable object (13) and the bit wall of the concave bit (12), the connecting lines of the two crossbars passing through the symmetric axis of the rotatable object (13) and the central axis of the concave bit (12), both ends or one end of the long crossbar (16) or the short crossbar (17) are in contact with the bit wall of the concave bit (12) and / or the surface of the rotatable object (13) in a rotatable and immovable manner; The surface structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, as a method (c), a structural relationship of magnetic levitation interaction force is formed between the concave bit (12) and the rotatable object (13), so that the rotatable object (13) is levitated within the spherical bit.

11. The surface structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the shape of the fixed arc convex in the surface structure is one of two structures formed by crossing a base surface (11) on which the fixed arc convex is located by a surface of the same shape as any one of a perfect ellipsoid, a perfect cylinder, a combination of a cylinder and a sphere, a combination of a cone and a sphere, and a combination of a cone and a cylinder.

12. The surface structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotatable arc convexities and the fixed arc convexities in the mixed arc convex surface structure are laid out in blocks on the base surface (11) or are laid out in a mixed manner by intersecting, and the proportion of the rotatable arc convexities in the total arc convexities is greater than 0% and less than 100%.

13. A method for producing the rotatable arcuate convex surface structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following method (a), method (b), method (c), or method (d). Method (a): According to the specifications of the rotatable object, the layout method of the concave bit, and the specifications and requirements of the concave bit, a rotatable object and a concave bit are manufactured on the surface of the target object on which the rotatable arc-convex surface structure is to be manufactured, or at the same time, a limiting mechanism in the concave bit is also manufactured and the limiting mechanism is set to a set position in the concave bit, and the rotatable object is arranged in the concave bit, so that the rotatable object is restricted in the concave bit by the bit mouth of the concave bit, which is smaller than the size of the rotatable object, the limiting mechanism in the concave bit, or both the bit mouth of the small size and the limiting mechanism in the bit, so that the rotatable object can be easily rotated around the symmetric axis of the rotatable object, and the rotation direction is opposite to or the same as the predetermined running direction of the target object in the fluid, thereby completing the manufacture of the rotatable arc-convex surface structure of the target object; or by using a one-shot molding casting method or a 3D printing method to manufacture a target object surface member with a rotatable arc-convex surface structure; Method (b): Select a coating whose surface shape is consistent with the shape and radii of the surface of the portion of the object to be coated, and whose thickness is equal to or slightly greater than the bit depth of the concave bit, and which is a coating module of a set uniform size, or a target size for the entire surface or the surface of a portion of the object, and fabricate a coating having a rotatable arc-convex surface structure on one side on the coating according to fabrication method (1), and firmly fix the coating to the corresponding portion of the surface of the object, so that the side without the rotatable arc-convex faces the object and the side with the rotatable arc-convex faces away from the object, thereby completing the fabrication of the rotatable arc-convex surface structure of the object; Method (c) is to fabricate a concave bit on the surface of the target object according to a set concave bit layout scheme, specifications and requirements of the concave bit, the bit depth of which is smaller than the set bit depth, or at the same time fabricate a limiting mechanism and provide the limiting mechanism in the concave bit; select a coating whose surface shape matches the shape and radii of the surface of the portion to be coated of the target object and whose thickness is equal to the difference between the bit depth of the set concave bit and the bit depth of the concave bit fabricated on the target object, which is a coating module of set uniform size, or a coating whose target size is for the entire surface or the surface of a part of the target object; and select a concave bit on the coating, the concave bit having a concave bit opening on both sides of the coating penetrating the coating body, the shape and size of the bit opening on one side being such that the bit opening on one side is larger than the bit opening on the target object; a concave bit having a shape and size identical to the bit mouth of the concave bit to be manufactured on the surface of the target object, so that a new concave bit specification dimension formed by combining the concave bit and the concave bit manufactured on the surface of the target object is equal to the set concave bit specification dimension; a rotatable object is manufactured according to the set dimensions and requirements, and the rotatable object is disposed between the concave bit of the object and the concave bit at the corresponding position of the coating; then, the coating is coated on the set portion of the target object, so that the rotatable object is restricted in the new concave bit formed by combining the concave bit of the coating and the bit of the concave of the target object or within the restricting mechanism of the new concave bit; after it is confirmed that the rotatable object can be easily rotated around the symmetrical axis of the rotatable object, the coating is firmly fixed on the surface of the object, and the manufacture of a rotatable arc-convex surface structure on the surface of the target object is completed; Method (d) is to select a coating A and a coating B, the sum of the thickness of which is equal to or slightly larger than the bit depth of a set concave bit, and the coating A and the coating B are set to be a coating module of a set uniform size or a target size for the entire surface or the surface of a part of the object, and the surface shape of one side of the coating A matches the surface shape of the target part of the object to be coated, and fabricate concave bits on the surfaces of both of them according to a set concave bit layout method, and make the new concave bit specification dimension formed by combining the concave bit on the coating A and the concave bit at the corresponding position on the coating B equal to the set concave bit specification dimension, or at the same time, fabricate a limiting mechanism in the concave bit to limit the concave bit specification dimension. a mechanism in a concave bit; fabricating a rotatable object according to set dimensions and requirements; disposing the rotatable object between the concave bit of the coating A and the concave bit of the coating B at a position corresponding to the coating A; combining the coating A and the coating B so that the rotatable object is restricted in a new concave bit formed by combining the concave bit of the coating A with the concave bit of the coating B or in the restricting mechanism in the new concave bit; after confirming that the rotatable object can easily rotate around its own symmetrical axis, firmly fixing both of them; then, the coating assembly with the rotatable arc-convex formed after the combination is coated on the surface of the target part of the object so that the surface exposing the arc-convex is facing away from the object, thereby completing the fabrication of the rotatable arc-convex surface structure of the target object.

14. A method for producing a surface structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the fixed arc-convex surface structure and the mixed arc-convex surface structure are produced by adopting a method of directly producing the corresponding arc-convex structures on the surface of a target object, or a method of producing the arc-convex structures on the surface of a coating and then coating the coating on the surface of the target object.

15. The fluid is an object surface for reducing the relative resistance between the object and the fluid in relative motion and for rectifying the flow of the fluid on the object surface, the surface being a rotatable arc-convex surface structure of any one of the plum blossom type layout, the plum blossom supplement layout, and the matrix supplement layout according to any one of claims 1 to 12, or a mixed arc-convex surface structure of the rotatable arc-convex of the layout and the fixed arc-convex of the layout, which accounts for more than 50%, and the surface includes some parallel surfaces, inclined surfaces, and curved surface units, wherein The line connecting the highest point of the arc surface between adjacent arcs along the relative motion direction of the object to the base plane on which the arcs are located is simply called the adjacent convex apex connection line, the parallel surface refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are parallel to each other and parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, the inclined surface refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are parallel to each other and non-parallel to the relative motion direction of the object, and the curved surface unit refers to a surface on which the adjacent convex apex connections are non-parallel to each other and adjacent adjacent convex apex connections are in the same direction as the relative motion direction of the object. The number of convexities on each of the parallel, inclined and curved surfaces is 10 or more, the relative height of the highest point of each convexity relative to the base surface on which it is located is more than 0.0001 m and less than 1 m, the shape, volume and surface area of ​​the convexities on each of the surfaces are equal or unequal, the inclined surface facing the relative motion direction of the fluid and the adjacent curved or parallel surface have an acute included angle between the adjacent adjacent convex apex connections at adjacent connection points that is more than 0° and less than 5°, and the parallel surface and the adjacent fluid and / or, the inclined surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid and the curved surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid have an acute included angle between adjacent convex apex lines at adjacent knotting points that is greater than 0° and less than 5°, and / or the inclined surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid and the curved surface facing away from the relative motion direction of the fluid have an acute included angle between adjacent convex apex lines at adjacent knotting points that is greater than 0° and less than 5°, and the obtuse included angle between adjacent convex apex lines on the curved surface is greater than 175° and less than 180°.

16. A device for decelerating an object moving relatively in a fluid, the device including an inlet passage (9-1) with an inlet port (9-3) located on the surface of a front end of the device and with an opening facing forward, a return passage (9-2) is formed at the rear end of the inlet passage (9-1) and extends to the front end of the device while bending, and the outer surface of the front end of the device is formed with a discharge port (9-4) with an opening facing forward, or the return passage (9-2) is branched into two or more, and the inlet port (9-3) The diameter and the inner diameter of the front part of the inlet passage (9-1) are larger than the inner diameter of the rear part of the inlet passage 9-1, larger than the inner diameter of the return passage (9-2) or the sum of the inner diameters of several return passages (9-2), and larger than the diameter of the drain port (9-4) or the sum of the diameters of several drain ports (9-4). The inlet port (9-3) of the inlet passage (9-1) and the drain port (9-4) of the return passage (9-2) are provided with a sliding type inlet port outer cover (9-5) and a drain port outer cover (9-6), respectively. The sliding outer cover is fixed to the inlet and the outlet so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and opens and closes in a sliding manner. The inner wall surfaces of the inlet passage (9-1) and the return passage (9-2) are the object surfaces described in claim 15. The device is attached to the outside of an object or equipment with the inlet (9-3) and the outlet (9-4) facing the direction of relative motion of the fluid, or is processed to be an integral structure with the object or equipment. When the deceleration of the relative moving object equipped with the deceleration device is performed, the inlet outer cover (9-5) and the outlet outer cover (9-6) are opened, and the relatively moving fluid enters the inlet passage (9-1) and the return passage (9-2) in that order from the inlet (9-3), and is then discharged from the outlet (9-4) located at the front end of the object, and the discharged fluid generates a forward thrust on the relative moving object, thereby realizing a soft deceleration of the forward moving object.

17. A device for generating a lateral deviation acting force on an object having relative motion in a fluid, the device comprising a main body (10-1) and a fluid passage (10-2) of the device, both sides of the fluid passage (10-2) being open or sealed, a portion of the outer surface of the main body (10-1) that contacts the fluid and an inner wall surface of the fluid passage (10-2) are object surfaces as described in claim 15, convex apex connections of adjacent arc-convexities on one side of the inner wall of the fluid passage (10-2) are parallel to each other and to the direction of relative motion of the object, the surface on that side being simply referred to as a parallel surface, and convex apex connections of adjacent arc-convexities on the inner wall surface facing the parallel surface being parallel to each other or mutually intersecting. the surfaces are non-parallel to each other, but the angles of the adjacent adjacent convex apex connections in the same direction are equal and non-parallel to the direction of relative motion of the object, the surface on that side is simply called the inclined surface, the fluid passage (10-2) has a shape in which the cross-sectional area is largest at the front end and gradually decreases toward the rear, the area of ​​the inlet of the fluid passage (10-2) is larger than the area of ​​the outlet, the inlet and outlet are provided with sliding inlet outer covers (10-3) and outlet outer covers (10-4), respectively, the sliding outer covers are fixed to the inlet and outlet so as to be parallel to the outer surface of the device, and open and close in a sliding manner, When the device performs a lateral deviation behavior perpendicular to the relative motion direction of a relative moving object to which the device is attached, the closed inlet outer cover (10-3) and outlet outer cover (10-4) are opened, and fluid enters and passes through the fluid passage (10-2), generating a deviation action force perpendicular to the relative motion direction of the object or the moving equipment and directed toward the slope. When the deviation action force becomes equal to or greater than the original action force in the opposite direction, the motion direction of the moving object deviates toward the slope. The inlet outer cover (10-3) is operated to adjust and control the size of the inlet opening, thereby adjusting and controlling the amount of fluid entering the fluid passage (10-2), and realizing adjustment and control of the magnitude of the deviation force. As a result, adjustment and control of the deviation speed of the object is realized. When the inlet outer cover (10-3) and outlet outer cover (10-4) are closed, the deviation force disappears and the deviation behavior ends. The inclined surface is fixedly provided above the main body (10-1) in order to provide an upward departure force to the relative moving object to which the device is attached, or is fixedly provided below the main body (10-1) in order to provide a downward departure force to the relative moving object to which the device is attached, or is provided inside a hollow movable cylinder (10-5), and the movable cylinder (10-5) is mounted inside a hollow fixed cylinder (10-6) whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the movable cylinder (10-5) so as to be rotatable around its central axis via a bearing (10-7) mounted on its outer surface, and a bearing (10-8) mounted on the outer surface of the movable cylinder (10-5) is mounted on the inner surface of the movable cylinder (10-5). a loop-shaped gear (10-8) and a circular gear of a rotator (10-9) mesh with each other, the rotator (10-9) is operated by an operator to rotate, thereby rotating the circular gear (10-8), and the rotation angle value of the movable cylinder (10-5) is changed and controlled by changing and controlling the rotation angle value, thereby changing and controlling the direction of the inclined surface of the fluid passage (10-2), thereby achieving change and control of the lateral deviation direction of the relative moving object to which the device is attached, and the parts of the inner surfaces of the movable cylinder (10-5) and the fixed cylinder (10-6) of the cylinder that come into contact with the relative moving fluid are the object surfaces described in claim 15.

18. A fan, the blades of which are vane-shaped with a plurality of vanes of the same shape, or helical with a single spiral or a plurality of spirals, two relatively large blade surfaces of the vane-shaped blades are parallel or nearly parallel curved surfaces, and in the case of the nearly parallel curved surfaces, the thickness of the blade portion located near the rotation axis is slightly thicker than the thickness of the blade portion located relatively farther away, and when the fan is in operation, the rotation direction of the blades is perpendicular to the relative motion direction of a fluid with respect to the fan in a fluid field in which the fan is located, and the two relatively large blade surfaces of the vane-shaped blades or the blade surface of the helical blades are arranged so that the angle of attack with the relative motion direction of air during fan rotation gradually increases from 135° to 180° from the point closest to the rotation axis of the blades to the point furthest away from the axis. a blade tail portion having a tangential direction that changes with the axis of rotation of the blade, and an angle of attack between the blade tail portion and a tangential direction of the circular surface formed by the blade tail portion during rotation of the fan gradually increases from 135° to 180° from the point closest to the axis of rotation of the blade to the point furthest from the axis of rotation of the blade, the angle of attack between the blade tail portion and a tangential direction of the circular surface formed by the blade tail portion during rotation of the fan being a fixed angle value, or an angle value that can be adjusted in advance or adjusted in real time, the surface of the blade and the surface of other parts of the fan that contact the fluid are the object surface described in claim 15, and the possible rotation directions of the rotatable arc convex on the surface are multiple directions or any direction, and the fan is a passive fan used independently, or an active fan used in combination with a power drive device.

19. A thrust flow device includes a main passage (14-1), an inner wall surface of the main passage (14-1) is an object surface as described in claim 15, and the main passage (14-1) is formed with an inlet port having an opening facing forward on an outer surface of a front end of the device, and a discharge port having an opening facing rearward on an outer surface of a rear end of the device, or the rear end of the main passage (14-1) is branched into two or more branch discharge passages (14-3) whose inner wall is the object surface as described in claim 15, and the branch discharge passage (14-3) is formed with a discharge port having an opening facing rearward on a surface at a rear end position or both sides of the rear end of the device, and an active fan (14-2) as the fan as described in claim 18 is provided at a central axis position in the main passage (14-1), and the operation of the device is When the device is operated, the active fan (14-2) rotates, causing the fluid to enter the main passage (14-1) from an inlet port located at the front end of the device, flow along the main passage (14-1) or the branch drain passage (14-3) toward a drain port located at the rear end or on both sides of the rear end of the device, and be discharged from the drain port, thereby realizing the thrust of the fluid toward the rear end of the device, and generating a thrust force toward the front end of the device, thereby realizing a forward thrust action of the device or an equipment to which the device is attached, and as a result, a thrusting device or a propulsion device is correspondingly formed, and when the device is used as a propulsion device, the surface of the part of its outer surface that comes into contact with the external fluid is the object surface described in claim 15.

20. A balancing device for resisting lateral tilt and lateral overturn of an object with relative motion in a fluid field, comprising: a straight passage (15-1) whose inner walls are parallel to each other and to its own central axis and to the direction of relative motion of the fluid; two circular planes that are parallel to each other and to the central axis of the straight passage (15-1), and a circular cavity (15-2) formed by a circular arc surface that is wrapped around the edge of the circular plane perpendicularly; and a part of the cavity near the outer edge of the circular cavity (15-2) and a part of the cavity of the straight passage (15-1) overlap at an intermediate position inside the straight passage (15-1). A fan (15-3) is provided within the circular cavity (15-2), and the rotation axis of the fan (15-3) is located at the center point of the inner walls of two parallel circular planes of the circular cavity (15-2) and is fixed to one or both inner walls, and the blades of the fan (15-3) are two parallel circular planes that are parallel to the circular cavity (15-2) and have a shape structure surrounded by two circular planes that are arc-shaped at the ends farther from the rotation axis, and two arc surfaces that are wrapped around the edges of the two circular planes perpendicularly, and the blades a plane formed by the rotation of the blades is parallel to the circular plane of the circular cavity (15-2) and the central axis of the straight passage (15-1), and a part of the blade surface close to the blade tail passes through the straight passage (15-1); the fan (15-3) is one or more, and if there are more than one, the plane formed by the rotation of the blades of the multiple fans (15-3) is on the same plane; the straight passage (15-1), the circular cavity (15-2), the blades of the fan (15-3) and other parts of the surface that contacts the relative motion fluid in the device are the object surface according to claim 15, The balance device is attached to a moving equipment or manufactured to be integrated with the equipment so that the central axis of the straight passage (15-1) is parallel to the direction of movement of the equipment. When the equipment with the balance device is in motion, a fluid enters the straight passage (15-1) of the balance device from an inlet (15-4) at the front, flows through the straight passage and is discharged from an outlet (15-5) at the rear, generating thrust on the blades of the fan (15-3), which propels the blades of the fan (15-3) to rotate, and the fluid in the circular cavity (15-2) rotates together with the blades. At the same time,A balancing device, characterized in that the fan (15-3) rotates the fluid in the circular cavity (15-2) together, and the two influence each other so that their rotation speeds become equal, the rotation of the fan (15-3) and the fluid in the circular cavity (15-2) generates a corresponding angular momentum, and the angular momentum generates a balancing force against the tendency of the equipment to tilt sideways and to tip sideways, thereby maintaining the relative balance of the equipment, and the fan (15-3) is a passive fan or an active fan.

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