Fuel cell based carbon capture method, apparatus and system

Abstract

In the present disclosure, a method, device, and system for capturing carbon using the principle of a fuel cell are disclosed. More specifically, the carbon capture device includes an air cartridge into which a gas containing a carbon component flows, a fuel cartridge into which a fuel is injected, a fuel cell stack, a fuel supply line that supplies the fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell stack, and a control unit, and the fuel cell stack includes an anode part including a fuel electrode where an oxidation reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply line occurs, a cathode part including an air electrode where a reduction reaction of the gas flowing from the air cartridge occurs, and an electrolyte part including an electrolyte that transfers metal ions generated by the oxidation reaction of the fuel between the anode part and the cathode part. Various other embodiments for capturing carbon to generate energy are disclosed.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present specification relates to a fuel cell-based carbon capture system and method, and more particularly to a technique for capturing carbon dioxide from the air using a metal-air battery. [Background technology]

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, which are representative secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, include a positive electrode using lithium oxide, a negative electrode that reversibly absorbs and releases lithium ions from the positive electrode to pass current through an external circuit, an electrolyte that transports the lithium ions, and a separator that allows only ions to travel through minute holes inside.

[0003] Fuel cells are also used that generate electrical energy by electrochemically reacting a fuel (e.g., metal) with an oxidant (e.g., air). The chemical reaction in a fuel cell can be carried out by a catalyst. A fuel cell can generate electricity continuously if it is continuously supplied with fuel and each component functions normally.

[0004] Metal-air batteries use certain metals (e.g., iron, zinc, magnesium, aluminum) for the negative electrode and can use air for the positive electrode. Because metal-air batteries use air as the positive electrode active material, they can be relatively light in weight compared to batteries that use fuel pre-filled in the battery.

[0005] Meanwhile, with the recent growing interest in the environment, direct carbon capture (DAC) and carbon capture and storage (CCS, hereafter referred to as "carbon capture and storage" in this specification) technologies are being actively researched. Direct carbon capture (DAC) refers to a technology that uses machines or devices to directly capture and remove carbon dioxide, which is considered to be the main culprit behind global climate change, in the Earth's atmosphere chemically or physically, and a system that applies or includes this technology. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) refers to a technology and system that uses physical or chemical methods to remove, capture, store, and utilize carbon dioxide in gases such as exhaust gases.

[0006] Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and direct carbon capture (DAC) have been attracting attention as direct solutions to address global climate change and can be used in a complementary manner. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] This specification discloses a method for applying carbon capture technology to fuel cell technology as a solution to global climate change. In order to continuously absorb carbon from the atmosphere using a fuel cell system, a continuous supply of fuel is required and carbon compounds generated as cell by-products must be removed.

[0008] Fuel cells can use metals as fuel, and most metals exist in a solid state at room temperature. Solid fuels can be difficult to insert into a fuel cell system due to their size, and in the case of hard metals, it can be difficult to insert the metals in pieces.

[0009] Here, solids have a relatively small surface area compared to liquids or gases, so they may be less reactive with air inside a fuel cell system. If a relatively highly reactive metal such as an alkali metal is used to increase reactivity, the fuel may be consumed by reacting with air before being input into the fuel cell system, or there may be limitations in terms of difficult management.

[0010] In addition, the metal fuel reacts with air to produce carbon compounds as carbon capture materials, which contain the carbon to be captured in the atmosphere, and the produced carbon compounds can accumulate in the positive electrode or air electrode. The carbon compounds accumulated in the air electrode can reduce electrical conductivity and make it difficult for the air electrode to function as an electrode, so that periodic replacement of the air electrode may be necessary. However, since the air electrode is inside the fuel cell system, it is difficult to replace only the air electrode, and it may not be reasonable from an environmental or cost perspective to replace the entire fuel cell even if the remaining components (e.g., electrolyte, separation membrane, fuel electrode) are in good condition.

[0011] Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a metal-air fuel cell with direct carbon capture (DAC) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) functions that can be used continuously while directly capturing carbon dioxide from the air, thereby overcoming the problems of conventional ion battery and metal-air battery technologies, which consume energy and require technically complex equipment.

[0012] On the other hand, the problems to be solved by the present disclosure are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure contained in the present disclosure belongs from this specification and the attached drawings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] A carbon collection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an air cartridge into which a gas containing a carbon component flows, a fuel cartridge into which a fuel is injected, a fuel cell stack, a fuel supply line that supplies the fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell stack, and a control unit. The fuel cell stack includes an anode including a fuel electrode where an oxidation reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply line occurs, a cathode including an air electrode where a reduction reaction of the gas flowing from the air cartridge occurs, and an electrolyte unit including an electrolyte that transfers metal ions generated by the oxidation reaction of the fuel between the anode unit and the cathode unit. A carbon collection product is generated based on the reduction reaction of the cathode unit, and the cathode unit includes an electrode replacement module that can replace the air electrode. The control unit controls the supply of the fuel supplied to the anode unit via the fuel supply line and the supply of the gas transferred to the cathode unit, and can determine whether at least a portion of the air electrode or the electrolyte unit is replaced based on the carbon collection product.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to control a temperature of the fuel cartridge to turn the injected fuel into a liquid or gaseous state, transfer the liquid or gaseous fuel to the negative electrode unit using the fuel supply line, control production of the carbon capture product based on a chemical reaction of the gas and the metal ions at the positive electrode unit, and utilize energy generated from the chemical reaction at the positive electrode unit to control the temperature of the fuel cartridge.

[0015] The control unit may also be configured to control an internal temperature of the fuel cell stack so that the carbon capture product generated in the positive electrode unit is discharged in a fluid state through the fuel supply line, and to control the carbon capture product in a fluid state to be discharged to the outside using the fuel supply line.

[0016] The controller may also be configured to determine to replace at least a portion of the electrolyte unit based on an electrical conductivity of the air electrode being below a predetermined level, or to determine to replace the air electrode based on an amount of the carbon capture product building up on the air electrode exceeding a specified level.

[0017] The control unit may also be configured to display information to a user indicating that replacement is necessary based on a determination to replace at least a portion of the air electrode or the electrolyte unit.

[0018] The air electrode may be physically connected to the electrode replacement module and configured in the form of a cartridge or a compartment so as to be separable from the positive electrode section, and the control unit may be configured to automatically operate the electrode replacement module to separate the air electrode based on a determination to replace the air electrode.

[0019] The control unit may also be configured to control at least one of the pressure of the fuel supply, the flow rate, the temperature at which the fuel can be maintained in a liquid or gaseous state, and the supply amount.

[0020] The air cartridge may include an air fan, an air filter, and an air control module, the air fan rotating to collect air and carbon dioxide in the air inside the air cartridge, the air filter filtering the air collected through the air fan, and the air control module configured to measure air conditions including at least one of temperature, humidity, or wind speed, and to control at least one of the rotation speed of the air fan, the air compression ratio, the pressure in a carbon capture device, or the flow rate in a carbon capture device based on the measured air conditions.

[0021] The fuel cartridge may include a heating module, a chamber, and a fuel injection module, the heating module configured to detect a temperature inside the chamber and supply heat to the chamber, the chamber storing the fuel and heating the fuel inside the chamber using heat transferred from the heating module, and the fuel injection module connected to the fuel supply line and configured to release the liquid or gaseous fuel to the outside of the fuel cartridge.

[0022] The fuel injection module applies pressure using a compressor or a pump to supply fuel to the negative electrode portion of the fuel cell stack, the control unit recovers fuel that has not been combusted in the fuel cell stack via the fuel supply line, and the fuel cartridge heats the recovered fuel and supplies it again to the fuel cell stack.

[0023] The carbon capture device further includes a battery, which stores the electrical energy generated in the fuel cell stack and can supply the stored electrical energy to the fuel cartridge or transmit the stored electrical energy to the outside.

[0024] The carbon capture device may further include at least one line distinct from the fuel supply line, and the control unit may be configured to move the carbon capture product generated in the positive electrode unit or the electrolyte in the electrolyte unit using the at least one line.

[0025] The fuel supply line is formed in a curved shape and can supply liquid or gaseous fuel to the fuel cell stack, supply unburned fuel back to the fuel cartridge, and discharge the carbon capture product generated in the positive electrode.

[0026] The fuel includes at least one of a metal fuel, a metal salt, an alloy, or an electride, and the fuel may include at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Sn, Zn, Cu, Nb, Ag, Ni, Cd, and Fe as components.

[0027] The fuel electrode of the negative electrode portion or the air electrode of the positive electrode portion may include at least one of a carbon electrode, a graphite electrode, a metal-carbon composite electrode, a nanomaterial electrode, a catalyst composite electrode, a catalyst electrode, a semiconducting material electrode, a polymer electrode, a metal mash electrode, an organic / inorganic composite material electrode, a liquid electrode, a transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) electrode, a graphene electrode, a carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, or an oxide metal species electrode.

[0028] On the other hand, the means for solving problems provided in the present disclosure are not limited to the means described above, and means for solving problems not mentioned should be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure contained in the present disclosure belongs from this specification and the attached drawings. Effect of the Invention

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present specification, it is possible to provide a metal-air fuel cell with direct carbon capture (DAC) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) functions that can directly capture carbon dioxide from the air and use it continuously, while solving the problems of conventional ion battery and metal-air battery technologies.

[0030] According to one embodiment included in the present specification, it is possible to provide an open cell metal-air fuel cell and system that produces new renewable energy and reusable mineral resources through electrochemical oxidation and reduction reactions using carbon dioxide as fuel, and also directly removes carbon dioxide from air and exhaust gases, thereby achieving carbon neutrality and carbon negative to overcome the global climate change crisis.

[0031] According to one embodiment contained herein, carbon dioxide can be used as a fuel to generate electrical energy and simultaneously capture carbon dioxide while producing and obtaining mineralized metal carbonate resources at the air electrode.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present specification, a metal-air battery having a high energy density can be provided as a secondary battery that can be used continuously. That is, the metal-air fuel cell of the present specification has an open cell structure, thereby continuously supplying a fuel metal, includes a replaceable air electrode, thereby directly capturing carbon dioxide in the air during the discharge process while supplying electricity, and produces metal carbonate resources from the replaceable air electrode, thereby making it possible to contribute from commercial, economic, and environmental perspectives.

[0033] More specifically, the carbon collection system of the present specification has a structure that allows the air electrode to be replaced, and allows the user to conveniently replace only the air electrode. In addition, the carbon collection system discharges carbon compounds to the outside, thereby increasing the replacement cycle of the air electrode, reducing the effort required for replacement due to deterioration of the air electrode's performance, and reducing the cost of replacing the air electrode.

[0034] The carbon capture system of the present invention supplies metal fuel (e.g., sodium) in a liquid or gaseous state under pressure, which can increase the reaction rate of the fuel and make the fuel input process more convenient than if it were supplied in a solid state.

[0035] The carbon capture system of the present invention is capable of isolating metals in liquid or gaseous state from the outside until they are introduced inside the carbon capture system, thereby preventing reaction and damage to the fuel.

[0036] The carbon capture system and method of the present specification can be directly applied to existing fuel cell stacks and systems, since it only changes the state of the supplied fuel to liquid or gas in situations where the fuel cell is configured in the form of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) or molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC).

[0037] The carbon capture system herein allows the heat or energy generated by the fuel cell to be utilized for fuel cell state transformation rather than being released, reducing the cost of heat generation.

[0038] The carbon capture systems and methods herein use the same fuel cell stacks and systems as existing fuels (e.g., hydrogen, city gas, LNG, biomass), but can use relatively more reactive metal fuels (e.g., alkali metals) compared to existing fuels to enhance the reaction between the fuel and air. The carbon capture systems and methods can reduce costs because the high reactivity of the metal fuels eliminates the need for relatively expensive materials (e.g., precious metals) used to enhance chemical reactivity at the air electrode.

[0039] The carbon capture systems and methods herein can reduce the cost of carbon capture while reducing the unit cost of manufacturing fuel cells.

[0040] On the other hand, the effects of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects described above, and any unmentioned effects should be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from this specification and the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an open cell metal-air fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2]FIG. 1 is a reference diagram illustrating replacement of a positive electrode part that has deteriorated due to accumulation of carbon compounds according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a reference diagram showing a method for continuously supplying metal in a fluid form, such as liquid or gas, to a fuel electrode of an anode portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a reference diagram showing a structure in which an anode unit and an electrolyte unit are integrated into one module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a reference diagram illustrating a metal salt-air fuel cell that supplies metal ions in the form of metal salts according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 illustrates a salt-air fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7a] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7b] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fuel cell stack according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9a] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a fuel cell stack 140 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9b] FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a fuel cell stack 140 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates an arrangement for capturing air in an air cartridge in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates an arrangement for supplying fuel from a fuel cartridge to a fuel cell stack in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operation of capturing carbon by reacting fuel and air in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] 1 is a flow chart illustrating a fuel cell based carbon capture method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0042] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, since various modifications can be made to the embodiments, the scope of the patent application is not limited or restricted by such embodiments. It should be understood that all modifications, equivalents, or alternatives to the embodiments are included in the scope of the patent.

[0043] The terms used in this specification are used to describe the concepts and embodiments of the invention contained in this disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present invention to the dictionary or phraseological meaning of the relevant terms. For example, singular expressions in this specification can include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, terms such as "include" or "have" in this specification mean the presence of any configuration, step, operation, or combination thereof, and do not exclude the presence or addition of other configurations, steps, operations, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0044] Unless otherwise stated herein, "connected" or "coupled" may include a component / feature being directly connected or coupled to another component / feature, or indirectly connected or coupled through intervening other components / features, and does not necessarily mean directly connected or coupled mechanically. Thus, the various schematics depicted in the figures show example arrangements of components and components, although additional intervening components, devices, features, or components may be present in an actual embodiment.

[0045] In general, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is low, making it difficult to capture carbon directly, and a lot of energy may be consumed to capture carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. If fossil fuels are used to generate the energy used in this process, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases, which can cause problems with the amount of carbon dioxide generated to capture carbon dioxide being greater than the amount of carbon dioxide captured. In addition, if carbon dioxide captured through carbon capture and storage technology is captured in gas form, methods such as dielectric injection or ground burial can be used, but in this case, problems such as re-leakage can occur, making it impossible to achieve substantial carbon reduction.

[0046] The carbon capture system according to the present disclosure captures carbon in the form of a stable solid carbon compound, making it easy to handle, such as by embedding it, and capable of substantially reducing carbon in the atmosphere.

[0047] The principle of carbon capture using a fuel cell system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.

[0048] A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and can include an anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The anode is called the "fuel electrode" or "oxidation electrode" because it provides electrons through an oxidation reaction, and can be made of metals rich in free electrons such as zinc, lead, cadmium, and lithium. The cathode is an electrode that receives electrons from the anode and ions transferred through the electrolyte to cause a reduction reaction (reducing electrode), and ceramics such as oxides and sulfides that have ample space to accept ions can be used as the cathode material. If the cathode and anode come into contact with each other, a chemical reaction can cause heat to be generated and ignition can occur, so a separator is additionally required to prevent the cathode and anode from coming into contact with each other, and the electrolyte can act as a medium for ion conduction and act as a passageway for the movement of hydrogen ions and metal ions.

[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an open cell metal-air fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Discharge of the metal-air battery according to one embodiment of the present disclosure occurs spontaneously through electrochemical oxidation-reduction reactions between the metal and air. In the metal-air battery, the negative electrode part can include a metal supplied as a fuel as a fuel electrode, and the positive electrode part can include an air electrode to which air is supplied.

[0051] At the negative electrode or oxidation electrode, the metal M is ionized, the ions flow through the electrolyte, and the electrons flow through the wire. At the positive electrode, the reduction reaction of oxygen causes the generation of superoxide, and the chemical reaction between the metal and oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air produces a carbon capture product. The carbon capture product is a carbon compound that is formed by the reaction of metal carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 Like M a (CO 3 ) b ), while the carbon capture products generated through the fuel cell of the present disclosure include, in addition to metal carbonates, carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), formaldehyde (CH 2 C consisting of one carbon atom containing O) 1 Compounds, and ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), ethanol (C 2 H 5 C consisting of two carbon atoms such as OH 2 In addition to the above examples, organic compounds containing carbon atoms can be produced as carbon capture products.

[0052] The carbon compounds produced by the reaction can be irregularly formed on the air electrode (positive electrode). The carbon compounds produced are non-conductive, highly stable, and have low reactivity, so electrochemical decomposition is limited, allowing carbon to be stably captured.

[0053] The solid metal carbonates produced in the present disclosure are important mineral or chemical materials and can be reprocessed or used industrially, or the metal carbonates can be reprocessed and reused as metal fuels in fuel cells according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0054] Furthermore, even if solid metal carbonates are buried in the ground, they are mineralized solids, so that it is possible to reduce the possibility that the captured carbon dioxide will be re-leached into the air due to factors such as soil deformation, cracks, erosion, ground movement, and earthquakes. In other words, since the metal carbonates obtained according to the present disclosure are solids, they are easier to handle than gases, and as a result, they have advantages such as economy and convenience in embedding, handling, and distribution. Therefore, there is an additional effect of reducing energy consumption that may occur in the process of handling and distributing the carbon dioxide capture results, and the resulting additional carbon generation.

[0055] The metal-air oxidation-reduction reaction of the present disclosure can ultimately produce electrical energy and carbon compounds (e.g., metal carbonates) to carry out carbon capture. According to the present disclosure, carbon can be captured continuously by continuously supplying metal fuel and replacing the air electrode, and the generated electrical energy can be directly used in the carbon capture process to improve energy efficiency and achieve practical carbon negativity.

[0056] Referring to FIG. 1, an open cell metal-air fuel cell and system are disclosed, which include an anode part including a fuel electrode (metal electrode), a cathode part including an air electrode, an electrolyte part (which may include all combinations of possible electrolyte configurations such as organic, inorganic, solid, liquid, or a mixture thereof) that transmits metal ions as an intermediate medium between the electrodes, and a separation membrane part that separates each of these components. Here, the separation membrane part may be any separation membrane that performs a separator function. In one embodiment, the electrolyte part may be formed integrally with the separation membrane part. Also, in one embodiment, there may be a plurality of electrolyte parts and / or separation membrane parts.

[0057] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal-air fuel cell may include a first opening through which an external gas of the metal-air fuel cell including carbon dioxide flows in, and a second opening through which a metal as a metal fuel flows in. The positive electrode part may be supplied with carbon dioxide from the external gas flowing in through the first opening, and the negative electrode part may be supplied with the metal as a metal fuel through the second opening.

[0058] The disclosed open cell metal-air fuel cells and systems use metals and carbon dioxide / oxygen as fuels to generate electrical energy and can directly capture and remove carbon dioxide from the air.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 1, the anode, which is a fuel electrode, must be capable of being continuously supplied with metal as a metal fuel. The cathode, which is an air electrode, must be continuously supplied with a gas (e.g., air) containing oxygen and carbon dioxide. An electrolyte part capable of transferring metal ions between the electrodes may be present between the positive and negative electrodes. When an electrolyte in a liquid state is used, the electrolyte part may include a configuration for continuously supplying and circulating the electrolyte to the electrolyte part. The anode part, electrolyte part, and cathode part of the present disclosure may be present separated from each other via a separation membrane.

[0060] The metal supplied to the metal fuel from the fuel cell of the present disclosure can be any material and form having reactivity and conductivity compatible with a metal-air fuel cell. The any material and form can include, for example, at least one of alkali metals such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), manganese (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Nb), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and iron (Fe). Alternatively, an alloy compound such as NaK can be used as the fuel. The above-mentioned materials are merely examples, and any material and form having reactivity and conductivity compatible with a metal-air fuel cell can be used without being limited thereto. The metal fuel can be supplied to the negative electrode portion as described below, and ionized at the negative electrode through an oxidation reaction.

[0061] The anode part can function as a fuel electrode where an oxidation reaction occurs. Metal fuel can be supplied to the anode.

[0062] The cathode part can function as an air electrode where a reduction reaction occurs. Air can be supplied to the cathode part.

[0063] The fuel electrode (negative electrode) and the air electrode (positive electrode) may have any material and form having reactivity, electrical conductivity, or semiconductivity suitable for a metal-air fuel cell. For example, they may be carbon electrodes mainly made of carbon, or may be realized as composite materials containing metals and other conductive materials other than carbon. In one embodiment, the fuel electrode (negative electrode) and the air electrode (positive electrode) may include metals, graphite, metal-carbon composites, single materials and composite materials, silicon-based catalyst composites, catalyst electrodes, semiconducting material electrodes, polymer electrodes, nanomaterial electrodes, metal mash-form electrodes, organic / inorganic composite material electrodes, liquid-form electrodes, TMD (transition metal dichalcogenides) electrodes, graphene electrodes, carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes, and metal oxide species electrodes. In addition, the fuel electrode (negative electrode) and the air electrode (positive electrode) of the present disclosure may be made of known electrode materials and current collector materials for secondary batteries and fuel cells, and are preferably chemically resistant and corrosion resistant. This is merely an example, and the materials used as the fuel electrode (negative electrode) and the air electrode (positive electrode) are not limited to these.

[0064] The electrolyte part, which transmits metal ions as an intermediate medium, may be any material and form having the property of transmitting metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes, which is suitable for metal-air fuel cells. The electrolyte part may include a solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, a water-soluble electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, etc., and may be configured in the form of a composite electrolyte including one or more of these. Here, the composite electrolyte must be capable of transferring / exchanging oxidized cations of the metal fuel used in the fuel cell of the present disclosure, and should have excellent ion conductivity. In addition, it is preferable to use a material and material having excellent corrosion resistance / chemical resistance.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrolyte unit may include a first electrolyte located on the fuel electrode side and a second electrolyte located on the air electrode side. In this case, the first electrolyte may include an organic electrolyte, and the second electrolyte may include an aqueous electrolyte. That is, the electrolyte unit of the present disclosure may be composed of a mixed (hybrid) electrolyte.

[0066] Materials that can be used in the electrolyte portion of the present disclosure include at least one of solid-state separation membrane / electrolyte materials that allow the movement and exchange of metal fuel ions used in the fuel cell of the present disclosure, such as LiSICON and NaSICON; beta-alumina materials and other aluminum oxide materials that can be used when using sodium (Na) metal fuel; sulfide-based and chalcogenite-based materials including metal fuel used in the present disclosure, such as LiS, NaS, and KS, sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po), and livermorium (Lv); solid polymer electrolyte materials that utilize organic materials such as PEO; borohydride-based electrolyte materials composed of the metal fuel used in the present disclosure and BnHn anions; and organic electrolyte materials composed of metal salts, organic solvents, additives, and the like used in secondary batteries, or composite materials in which these are mixed.

[0067] More specifically, organic-based electrolytes that can be used in embodiments of the present disclosure may include any one or more of the following materials, but are not limited to the following examples:

[0068] Types of cyclic carbonates: ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), etc. Types of chain carbonates: Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc. Ether substances: 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, etc. Ester substances: methyl acetate, acetate, n-propyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, γ-butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, etc. Alcohol-based substances: methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. Amine substances: Liquid ammonium substances selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, methylenediamine, ethylamine, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexamethyleneimine, diisopropylamide, diethanolamine, oligoethyleneamine, and combinations thereof, or selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, diaminohydroxypropanetetraacetic acid, and combinations thereof, or liquid amines capable of forming solvated electrons selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoramide, diethylamine, triethylamine, diethylenetriamine, toluenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, diphenylmethanediamine, hexamethylenediamine, triethylenetetraamine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexamethylenetetraamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and combinations thereof, etc. Other substances: pyrrolidinium, alkyl ammonium, piperidinium, imidazolium, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridinium, imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, ammonium, phosphonium, sulfonium, 1,2-dioxolane, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, formamide, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, nitromethane, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate. Octyl, phosphoric acid triester fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 4,5-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4-difluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4,5-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 4,4,5,5-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-5-methylethylene carbonate, 4-fluoro-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4,5-difluoro-4-methylethylene carbonate, 4,4,5-trifluoro-5-methylethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate, etc.

[0069] Aqueous electrolytes that can be used in embodiments of the present disclosure may include any one or more of the following materials, but are not limited to the following examples:

[0070] M a (CO 3 ) b Carbonate systems including M a (OH) b Hydroxide system including M a O b Oxide system containing M a X b(where X is fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), or tennessine (Ts)) In addition, the anion (BF 4 - , C.N. - , P.F. 6 - , AsF 6 - , N(CN) 2 - , SbF 6 - , AlCl 4 - , HSO 4 - , ClO 4 - , S.O. 4 - , C.F. 3 SO 3 - , C.F. 3 CO 2 - , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )(CF 3 SO 2 )N - , NO 3 - , Al 2 Cl 7 - , C.H. 3 COO - , C.H. 3 SO 3 - , TFSi - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , (CF3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - ,SCIENCE FICTION 5 CF 2 SO 3 - ,SCIENCE FICTION 5 CHFCF 2 SO 3 - , C.F. 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - ,(SCIENCE FICTION 5 ) 3 C - , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )(CF 3 SO 2 )N - , and (O(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 (CF 3 ) 2 O) 2 PO - Ionic substances including Here, M refers to a metal used as a fuel in the fuel cell of the present disclosure and can include any of alkali metals such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), manganese (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Nb), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), or iron (Fe).

[0071] The separation membrane part can provide a migration path of metal ions suitable for a metal-air fuel cell. The separation membrane part can be any material and form having a separation function between components including a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The material and form that can be used as the separation membrane part can include, for example, at least one of a polymer separation membrane, a membrane separation membrane, an inorganic separation membrane, a composite separation membrane, and an ion permeable separation membrane. This is merely an example, and the material and form that can be used as the separation membrane part are not limited thereto. The separation membrane part can be integrated into the electrolyte part as necessary. The separation membrane part can physically separate the negative electrode part, the electrolyte part, and the positive electrode part, and can be controlled so that only substances in the form of ions are transferred.

[0072] On the other hand, when the electrolyte part includes both an aqueous electrolyte and an organic electrolyte, the electrolyte part may include a separation membrane for separating the aqueous electrolyte and the organic electrolyte. In this case, the separation membrane for separating the aqueous electrolyte and the organic electrolyte may be a material having ion conductivity that allows only ions of a metal used as a fuel to pass through. Examples of such separation membrane materials include, but are not limited to, sulfide-based, oxide-based, polymer electrolytes, gel-type electrolytes, and liquid electrolytes.

[0073] A metal-air fuel cell can continuously supply at least one metal as a metal fuel to the anode section and a gas containing at least one of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the cathode section. An ionization reaction of the metal, which is the metal fuel, occurs in the anode section of the metal-air fuel cell, and an electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction of oxygen and / or carbon dioxide can occur in the cathode section. Electrical energy and carbon compounds containing metal carbonates can be produced through the oxidation-reduction reaction in the cathode section.

[0074] At this time, the performance of the positive electrode part may be reduced due to the accumulation of carbon compounds generated in the positive electrode part. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, when the performance of the positive electrode part is reduced, the positive electrode part or the air electrode may be replaced. That is, the positive electrode part or the air electrode of the present disclosure may be detached and replaced with a new electrode if certain conditions are met.

[0075] FIG. 2 is a reference diagram illustrating replacement of a positive electrode part that has deteriorated due to accumulation of carbon compounds according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0076] The metal-air fuel cell of the present disclosure can maintain or increase the performance of the metal-air fuel cell by replacing a cathode unit having an air electrode with reduced performance, or by replacing an air electrode with reduced performance. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the cathode unit or air electrode can be integrated with the electrolyte unit and / or the separation membrane unit and replaced together. Alternatively, the cathode unit, the air electrode, the electrolyte unit, or the separation membrane unit can be configured as a module so that each of them can be replaced.

[0077] For this purpose, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, a structure or device for replacing the cathode part or the air electrode, the electrolyte part, the separation membrane part, or an assembly of one or more of them may be included. In one embodiment, the replaceable cathode part, the air electrode, the electrolyte part, the separation membrane part, and / or the assembly thereof may be formed in the fuel cell as a structure that is replaced by a known cartridge replacement method or filter replacement method. For this purpose, a slot into which the cartridge or filter is inserted and an opening communicating with the slot may be provided.

[0078] The metal supplied to the anode portion as the metal fuel may have various forms (e.g., liquid, solid, or gas). According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the metal may be supplied in the form of a liquid or gas.

[0079] In the present disclosure, when a liquid electrolyte is used, the electrolyte unit that transfers metal ions from the negative electrode unit to the positive electrode unit may have a structure in which the electrolyte in a liquid state is continuously supplied and circulated. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte unit is continuously supplied from the outside and can also be replaced.

[0080] In one embodiment, the electrolyte portion of the present disclosure may be composed of a solid electrolyte when the operating temperature of the metal-air battery of the present disclosure is high, and may be composed of a liquid electrolyte when the operating temperature of the metal-air battery is low. In one embodiment, the electrolyte portion may be composed of a polymer electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, or the like.

[0081] The separation membrane part of the present disclosure may be integrated into the electrolyte part, for example, may be provided in the electrolyte part at the contact surface between the electrolyte part and each electrode, or may be omitted if no separation membrane is required between the electrolyte part and each electrode.

[0082] The above-mentioned structure of the metal-air fuel cell is merely an example, and the structure of the metal-air fuel cell can be determined differently depending on the operating temperature, operating conditions, and the materials, structures, or shapes of the anode, cathode, and electrolyte.

[0083] FIG. 3 is a reference diagram illustrating a method for continuously supplying metal in liquid or gaseous fluid form to a fuel electrode of the anode portion according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 3, the metal-air fuel cell of the present disclosure can continue to operate as a fuel cell by replenishing the metal at the fuel electrode that is consumed during the discharge process with metal in fluid form as the metal fuel.

[0085] FIG. 4 is a reference diagram showing a structure in which an anode unit and an electrolyte unit are integrated into one module according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0086] 4, the integrated module can include a metal supply and can continue to supply metal fuel via the metal supply. Within the integrated module, the metal supply can be physically separated from the electrolyte by a separation membrane.

[0087] On the other hand, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the fuel cell can have the structure of a metal salt-air fuel cell in which metal ions are supplied in the form of a metal salt, such as a salt, instead of a direct supply of metal via the fuel electrode, or can be implemented in an integrated manner with a metal-air fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure that includes a metal fuel electrode.

[0088] FIG. 5 is a reference diagram illustrating a metal salt-air fuel cell that supplies metal ions in the form of metal salts according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 5, a metal salt-air fuel cell can include an anode part, an electrolyte part, a cathode part, and a separation membrane separating them.

[0090] The anode part may be a highly efficient electrode such as a carbon electrode, a carbon catalyst electrode, a platinum electrode, etc. The anode part may include a metal of a metal salt supplied to the electrolyte part.

[0091] The cathode section is equipped with an air electrode, which can continuously supply gas containing oxygen and carbon dioxide.

[0092] The electrolyte portion may be provided with metal ions in the form of a metal salt, where the metal salt may be a metal salt of a metal such as the metal fuel provided to the fuel electrode in the metal-air fuel cell of the present disclosure described above.

[0093] In the metal salt-air fuel cell, the metal ion provided in the form of a metal salt may be any substance and form having reactivity and conductivity suitable for the metal salt-air fuel cell, and may be, but is not limited to, an alkali metal such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), or francium (Fr), or an alkaline earth metal such as beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or radium (Ra), or an aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), manganese (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Nb), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), or iron (Fe). The metal salt used is merely an example and is not limited thereto.

[0094] In one embodiment, the metal salt may be a metal salt with an ionic bond such as chloride, hydroxide, carbonate, etc. The salt used in the present disclosure may be, but is not limited to, a chloride anion, a hydroxide anion, a carbonate anion, etc.

[0095] The metal salt is directly supplied in the form of a salt to the electrolyte section, and dissolves in the electrolyte to become metal cations and anions of the salt. In one embodiment, the electrolyte in which the metal salt is dissolved or the metal salt can be added through a flow path connected to an opening provided in the electrolyte section. In one embodiment, a means for opening and closing the opening and / or the flow path, or for controlling the amount of supply, may be provided to regulate the supply of such metal salt.

[0096] The supplied metal cations move to the cathode, where they undergo a carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 Reduction Reaction and other additional reactions occur, which result in the formation of metal carbonates (M a (CO 3 ) b ) may be produced.

[0097] The anions of the salt can migrate to the anode, lose electrons, and be oxidized to produce by-products.

[0098] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a salt-air fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 6, fuel cell maintenance and power generation costs can be reduced by using metal salts as the fuel supply, such as salts that are cheaper and more abundant than metals.

[0100] Referring to FIG. 6, the air electrode (positive electrode) is heated to 10 ... a (CO 3 ) b (For example, Na 2 CO 3 ) is produced as a by-product and can be collected as carbon. When the cell efficiency of the metal salt-air battery decreases, the electrolyte part can be replaced or replaced with a new air electrode.

[0101] Meanwhile, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, in addition to the above-mentioned metal-air fuel cell or metal salt-air fuel cell, other fuel cells can be used to capture carbon. The principle of carbon capture used in the present disclosure is an oxidation-reduction reaction using a reducing agent that can react with air to reduce carbon, so a substance with strong reducing properties such as an alkali metal can be used as a fuel to capture carbon in air. For example, the substance supplied to the fuel electrode of the present disclosure may include an electride solution.

[0102] An electride solution is an ionic compound in which the electrons are anions, and can generally be prepared by mixing an organic solution with an alkali metal. The organic solution used to prepare the electride solution can contain amines such as ammonia. Meanwhile, amines can act as an organic electrolyte in the above-mentioned metal-air fuel cell.

[0103] According to an embodiment, the electride may be produced by combining a metal fuel and amines. In this case, the electride obtained by combining the metal fuel and amines may be supplied as a metal fuel on the metal-air fuel cell, and the amines may be used to act as an electrolyte without a separate electrolyte. For example, as in the example of FIG. 4, when a fuel cell having an integrated anode part and an electrolyte part is used, an electride fuel may be used as a fuel. That is, the electride obtained by combining the metal fuel and amines may act as a metal fuel in the metal-air fuel cell while also acting as an electrolyte. The electride obtained by combining the metal fuel and amines may be supplied as a metal fuel through a line connected to a fuel electrode (e.g., the fuel electrode 1212 in FIG. 12). Alternatively, since the amines in the electride act as an electrolyte, the electrolyte may be supplied to the inside of the fuel cell even if a separate line connected to the electrolyte module (e.g., the electrolyte module 1224 in FIG. 12) is not provided. In this case, the fuel cell supply part and the organic electrolyte part may have one form, or the line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 may be connected to the fuel electrode 1212 to form one line. If the fuel cell supply and organic electrolyte are in one form or the line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 is connected to the fuel electrode 1212 in one line, the internal structure of the metal-air fuel cell can be relatively simple.

[0104] According to another embodiment, the fuel cell can supply amines as an electrolyte while supplying metal fuel as a fuel. The electrolyte may be composed of only an organic electrolyte (e.g., amines), or may be composed of an organic electrolyte (e.g., amines) further containing an aqueous electrolyte, or may be composed of a composite electrolyte. Meanwhile, in this case, the fuel cell can include a first line connected to the fuel electrode 1212 for supplying metal fuel, and a separate second line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 for supplying electrolyte, as shown in FIG. 12.

[0105] Electride solutions may have electrons in the form of anions outside the metal, not inside it. Electride solutions have the advantage of being less reactive in air than alkali metals, less explosive, and easier to use because they are liquid. Since they have as strong a reducing property as alkali metals, they can be used in fuel cells to react with air and capture carbon.

[0106] In addition, the electride has a characteristic that the color of the electride changes from blue to transparent as the reactivity decreases, and since there is an advantage in terms of visibility in distinguishing the reactivity using color, it may be easier to control the fuel supply.

[0107] That is, in addition to the metals and metal salts mentioned above, a variety of materials can be used as fuels in the carbon capture system of the present disclosure.

[0108] A specific configuration and operation method of a carbon capture system utilizing the fuel cell principle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below.

[0109] The carbon capture system of the present disclosure may be implemented as a single device or as a combination of separate devices or physically distinct modules, and therefore, the terms "carbon capture system" and "carbon capture device" are used interchangeably in this disclosure.

[0110] 7a and 7b show, in block diagram form, an exemplary configuration of a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0111] 7a and 7b are merely exemplary, and any combination of components may be used to achieve the objectives of the present disclosure. That is, a carbon capture system or a carbon capture device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be realized by including all of the components shown in the drawings, or may be realized by omitting some of the components or by including additional components that are not shown in the drawings.

[0112] However, the present disclosure includes not only a carbon capture device in which each component is organically combined, but also each of the components may be implemented separately, i.e., the present specification includes each individual device element for constructing a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0113] In FIG. 7 a , a carbon collector according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can include a fuel cartridge 110 , an air cartridge 120 , a fuel cell module 130 , and a battery 150 .

[0114] The fuel cartridge 110 may include a chamber 112, a heating module 114, and a fuel injection module 116. The fuel cartridge is a module for supplying fuel to a fuel electrode (anode) of the fuel cell module 130. The fuel supplied to the fuel cartridge may include metal M, an alloy in a liquid state at room temperature such as NaK, an electride solution, or a metal salt. That is, when the fuel cell module applied to the carbon collection device of the present disclosure is a metal-air fuel cell, the fuel may be a metal, and when the fuel cell module is a metal salt-air fuel cell, the fuel may be a metal salt.

[0115] The fuel supplied through the fuel cartridge may be any material and form having reactivity and conductivity compatible with the fuel cell stack, which is a metal-air fuel cell or a metal salt-air fuel cell, or other fuel cell. The fuel supplied through the fuel cartridge may be any of the metals, alloys, electrides, or metal salts listed in the above-mentioned embodiments, but is not limited to the materials exemplified in this disclosure. For example, the metal M supplied to the fuel cartridge according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may be sodium (Na). In one embodiment, the fuel cartridge 110 may perform a process of introducing sodium, which is a metal fuel, into the fuel cell stack when sodium is used as the metal fuel.

[0116] The chamber 112 may perform functions including fuel loading, storage and / or pre-processing, such as heating.

[0117] When the fuel cell module 130 includes a metal-air battery, metal fuel may be introduced as fuel in a solid state through the fuel injection module 116, or in a fluid state including liquid and gas. The introduced metal fuel can be introduced into the chamber 112 through an opening formed in the chamber 112 for storage and processing.

[0118] According to one embodiment, after the metal fuel is introduced into the chamber 112, the chamber has an environment sealed from the outside, and the inside of the chamber can be maintained in a vacuum or low pressure state. By lowering the pressure inside the chamber, it is possible to suppress the reaction of highly reactive metal fuel such as alkali metals in the chamber. In addition, when the inside of the chamber is maintained in a vacuum or low pressure state after the metal fuel is introduced, the melting point and vaporization point of the metal fuel are further lowered, and as a result, the metal fuel can be more easily changed into a liquid or gas state and maintained.

[0119] The heating module 114 can supply heat to the chamber 112 to melt the metal fuel introduced. For example, if the metal fuel is sodium, the heating module 114 can supply heat to maintain a temperature higher than the melting point of sodium (about 97.79 degrees) so that the sodium becomes liquid. This is only one example, and the temperature maintained by the heating module 114 can vary depending on the melting point of the metal fuel introduced. The heating module 114 can supply heat conventionally or using an electric coil. The heating module 114 can include a temperature sensor that detects the temperature inside the system. The heating module 114 can supply heat by receiving electric power from an external source, or can supply heat using internal electric power stored in the battery 150 by generating electricity from the fuel cell. The carbon capture system of the present specification can reduce the cost of heat supply by utilizing heat or energy generated by the fuel cell to convert the state of the metal fuel or to drive the carbon capture device.

[0120] On the other hand, when the fuel cell module 130 includes a metal salt-air battery, the fuel supplied to the chamber 112 may be a metal salt. According to one embodiment, the metal salt may be in a liquid state. To promote the reaction of the metal salt, the fuel cartridge 110 may also supply the metal salt at an elevated temperature using the heating module 114. The temperature of the metal salt stored in the chamber 112 may be maintained at an optimal reaction temperature using the heating module 114. According to another embodiment, the metal salt may be in a solid state. In this case, in order to supply the metal salt to the fuel cell module 130 in a fluid state, the metal salt may be supplied in an electrolyte solution using a water supply device for supplying a solvent such as water, or may be supplied in a molten state using the heating module 114.

[0121] On the other hand, if the fuel supplied to the fuel cartridge is in a liquid state at room temperature, such as NaK, an electride, or a metal salt, the fuel supply system used in the carbon capture system of the present disclosure may be maintained and operated at low temperatures (e.g., room temperature), and thus heating and cooling devices such as a heating module may not be required.

[0122] The fuel injection module 116 can inject the metal fuel into the fuel cell stack 140 of the fuel cell module 130. The fuel injection module 116 can inject the metal fuel or metal salt, which is changed to a liquid or gaseous state in the chamber 112, into the fuel cell module 130 under pressure using a compressor or pump. The carbon capture system of the present specification supplies the metal fuel, which is changed to a liquid or gaseous state, under pressure, which can increase the reaction rate of the fuel and make the fuel input process more convenient than if it were supplied in a solid state. That is, the liquid or gaseous state of the fuel may be more advantageous to supply through a line compared to the solid state of the fuel.

[0123] The fuel injection module 116 may also receive metal fuel that was not combusted on the fuel cell stack 140 to provide heat and then re-supply it to the fuel cell stack 140 to reduce the amount of metal fuel stacked uncombusted and increase the efficiency of the fuel cell. To this end, in one embodiment, the fuel injection module 116 may also collect fuel via a fuel outlet that collects metal from the fuel cell module 130. In one embodiment, metal fuel that was not combusted or chemically reacted in the fuel cell stack may be collected back to the fuel injection module 116 via the upper outlet.

[0124] Meanwhile, the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a configuration for introducing fuel into the fuel cell module in a fluid state to improve reactivity and facilitate fuel supply, but other embodiments are possible. That is, the metal fuel or metal salt supplied does not necessarily have to be in a fluid state, and may be supplied in a solid state without a separate heat treatment. When the metal fuel or metal salt is supplied in a solid state, the fuel cartridge is a cartridge containing the fuel in a solid state, and the metal fuel or metal salt may be supplied to the fuel cell module 130 so as to replace the fuel cartridge when burning.

[0125] In one embodiment, the fuel usage efficiency of the fuel cell can be improved by setting the metal fuel or metal salt fuel to be supplied in accordance with the amount of fuel consumed by the fuel cell per hour during the above process.

[0126] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the air cartridge 120 can include an air fan 122, an air filter 124, and an air control module 126. The air cartridge is a module for supplying air to the fuel cell stack. In one embodiment, the air cartridge can collect air from the atmosphere, pre-treat the collected air so that it is suitable for supplying to the fuel cell stack, and then supply the pre-treated air to the fuel cell stack.

[0127] The air fan 122 can perform the function of collecting air and carbon dioxide in the air into the air cartridge by rotation.

[0128] The air filter 124 may include a function of filtering foreign matter (eg, solid matter such as dust) from the air collected via the air fan 122 .

[0129] The air control module 126 can control the overall operation of the air cartridge, for example, the process of collecting air inside the carbon capture system. The air control module 126 can measure air conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind speed) and control the rotation speed of the air fan 122, the air compression ratio, the pressure in the carbon capture system, and the flow rate in the carbon capture system based on the measured air conditions. The air control module 126 can make the collected air suitable for supplying to the fuel cell stack 140 based on the air conditions.

[0130] In one embodiment, the air cartridge 120 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can compress, heat, or cool air to produce, control, or supply air suitable for a fuel cell reaction. As an example, when the flow rate of the air supplied to the fuel cell stack 140 is relatively fast and the air pressure is measured to be high, the air control module 126 can control the air fan 122 to rotate at a slower speed or to release air from above the fuel cell stack 140 to the outside to reduce the pressure. As another example, the air control module 126 can supply the fuel cell stack 140 with a high-concentration carbon dioxide gas mixture that has been processed by accumulating carbon dioxide in the air in the air cartridge 120 to improve carbon capture performance.

[0131] The fuel cell module 130 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may refer to a module that performs the functions of generating electrical energy and capturing carbon using an oxidation-reduction reaction between a fuel electrode and an air electrode. The fuel cell module 130 of the present disclosure may refer to an embodiment of a fuel cell, such as a metal-air battery or a metal salt-air battery, supplied with fuel from a fuel cartridge 110 and air from an air cartridge 120.

[0132] A fuel cell module 130 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can include a controller 132 , an electrode replacement module 134 , and a fuel cell stack 140 .

[0133] However, although in Figures 7a and 7b the control unit 132 is shown as being included in the fuel cell module 130, the control unit 132 may be included in other components within the carbon capture system or may exist independently.

[0134] The controller 132 may control the overall operation of the carbon capture device or system.

[0135] According to an embodiment, the control unit 132 detects the operating status of the fuel cell stack 140 in the carbon capture device and can control at least one of the temperature, the internal pressure, the flow rate of the fuel supplied, the flow rate of the collected air, the amount of electricity generated by the fuel cell, and the durability of the electrodes. Specifically, the control unit 132 can receive temperature information of each component of the carbon capture system and adjust the temperature by cooling or heating each component based on the temperature information. In addition, the control unit 132 can receive at least one of information of the internal pressure of each component, the inflow and outflow rates of fuel and air, the amount of electricity produced, and the durability of each electrode, which are measured via a sensor or calculated based on the measurement information, and can control the received value to be within a target range based on the information.

[0136] According to an embodiment, the controller 132 may further include a power conversion system for converting direct current electricity generated by the fuel cell into alternating current. In addition, the controller 132 may control operations or functions performed by the fuel cartridge 110 and the air cartridge 120. More specifically, the controller 132 may control the amount of fuel supplied to the fuel cell stack 140 or the time point at which the fuel is supplied. The controller 132 may control the amount of air supplied to the fuel cell stack 140 or the time point at which the air is supplied. The controller 132 may measure the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack 140 to determine or decide when to replace the positive electrode.

[0137] An electrode replacement module 134 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can provide the functionality of replacing the positive electrode portion (air electrode, cathode, reduction electrode) of the fuel cell stack 140 to prevent loss of electrode function.

[0138] In the fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the more a chemical reaction is carried out, the more carbon compounds (or carbon mineralized resources (e.g., M a (CO 3 ) b ) may build up, resulting in weakening or loss of electrode function.

[0139] In one embodiment, the electrode replacement module 134 can include a mechanism including an opening, slot, or any member or device for providing a mechanical restraint during insertion when the fuel cell stack 140 includes a positive electrode portion that is insertable and removable in the form of a cartridge, for inserting or removing the positive electrode portion.

[0140] In one embodiment, the electrode replacement module 134 may include a device that applies a force to move the positive electrode part in at least one direction to insert or remove the positive electrode part. The electrode replacement module may include, for example, an elastic member or a motor that applies a force to push or pull the positive electrode part, or an electronic device that generates an electromagnetic force or an electromagnet or a magnetic member that can be attached or detached by external control. Alternatively, the electrode replacement module may include a structure corresponding to a handle on the positive electrode part, providing the effect that the user can more easily remove the positive electrode part.

[0141] According to one embodiment, the electrode replacement module 134 can measure the degree to which by-products have accumulated on the positive electrode and components in the fuel cell stack 140, and can automatically replace the positive electrode when the amount of accumulated by-products exceeds a specified level. Alternatively, the electrode replacement module 134 can transmit information to the control unit 132 indicating that the positive electrode should be replaced when the amount of accumulated by-products exceeds a specified level. The control unit 132 can receive information indicating that the positive electrode should be replaced from the electrode replacement module 134 and display it to a user.

[0142] The fuel cell stack 140 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can generate electrical energy by a chemical reaction using fuel supplied from the fuel cartridge 110 and air supplied from the air cartridge 120. That is, the fuel cell stack 140 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can refer to the air fuel cell of the present disclosure.

[0143] A fuel cell stack 140 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include separator plates, gas diffusion layers, fuel electrodes, an electrolyte, and an air electrode. A detailed configuration of the fuel cell stack 140 is illustrated in Figures 8, 9a, and 9b.

[0144] According to one embodiment, the battery 150 may perform the function of storing electrical power generated by chemical reactions in the fuel cell module 130 .

[0145] The control unit 132 can store the power generated by the fuel cell module 130 in the battery 150, or supply the power stored in the battery to the inside of the carbon capture system (e.g., the fuel cartridge 110, the air cartridge 120). For example, the control unit 132 can supply the power stored in the battery 150 to the fuel cartridge 110, and the heating module 114 in the fuel cartridge 110 can use the power supplied from the battery to change the state of the fuel input to a gas or liquid state.

[0146] According to one embodiment, the battery 150 of the present disclosure is removable from the carbon capture device. Once fully charged, the battery 150 can be removed and used to provide power for other electronic devices.

[0147] Also, a discharged or uncharged battery can be combined with the carbon capture device of the present disclosure to perform charging with electrical energy generated from the fuel cell module 130. Alternatively, instead of the battery 150 configuration, any electronic device that runs on electrical energy can be connected and powered by the device of the present disclosure.

[0148] That is, the battery 150 of the present disclosure can include any electronic device or power storage device that is powered by the power generated by the carbon capture device.

[0149] The carbon capture system of the present disclosure can transmit the electric energy generated from the fuel cell module 130 to an external system. In this case, the electric energy can be provided to the outside by directly connecting to the external system and transmitting the electric energy, or by transmitting the electric power stored in the battery 150 to the external system.

[0150] 7b illustrates a configuration in which the fuel cell module 130 further includes an electrolyte module 136. The electrolyte module 136 may perform the function of managing the electrolyte supplied to the electrolyte section in the fuel cell stack 140.

[0151] In one embodiment, the electrolyte module 136 can pressurize the electrolyte in a liquid state to the electrolyte part of the fuel cell stack 140 using an injection device such as a compressor or a pump, and supply the electrolyte through an electrolyte inlet of the fuel cell stack 140. At this time, the pressure, flow rate, temperature, supply amount, etc. of the electrolyte supply may be controlled by the electrolyte module 136. In one embodiment, the electrolyte module 136 can collect the electrolyte in a liquid state from the electrolyte part of the fuel cell stack through an electrolyte outlet. In the present disclosure, the electrolyte module 136 can be used to supply and / or replace the electrolyte of the electrolyte part of the fuel cell stack to maintain and manage the electrolyte of the electrolyte part. In one embodiment, when the fuel cell module 130 includes a metal salt-air battery, the supply pressure, flow rate, temperature, supply amount, etc. of the metal salt supplied through the electrolyte module 136 can be controlled.

[0152] The carbon capture system and method of the present specification only changes the state of the supplied fuel to liquid or gas in a situation where the fuel cell is configured in the form of a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) or MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell), and therefore can be directly applied to existing fuel cell stacks and systems.

[0153] The carbon capture system and method of the present specification uses the same fuel cell stack and system as existing fuels (e.g., hydrogen, city gas, LNG, biomass), but can enhance the reaction between the fuel and air by using a metal fuel (e.g., an alkali metal) that is relatively more reactive than existing fuels. The carbon capture system and method can reduce costs because the high reactivity of the metal fuel eliminates the need for relatively expensive materials (e.g., precious metals) used to enhance the chemical reactivity at the air electrode. The carbon capture system and method of the present specification can reduce the cost of carbon capture while lowering the unit cost of manufacturing the fuel cell by reducing costs. In addition, when using a fuel in a liquid or gas state, the surface area of ​​the fuel is relatively large compared to a solid state, and the reaction can occur relatively easily, so the process for improving the reactivity of the fuel and the electrode can be eliminated or simplified.

[0154] According to one embodiment, when the fuel cell is configured in the form of a high temperature fuel cell (e.g., molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)), the ions (e.g., CO 3 2- ions) can migrate through the electrolyte to the fuel electrode. The ionized metal (e.g., sodium ions) located at the fuel electrode and the ions (e.g., CO ions) generated at the air electrode 3 2- ions) undergo a chemical reaction, forming carbon compounds (e.g. Na 2 CO 3) can be generated. The interior of a high-temperature form of fuel cell (e.g., molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)) can operate at a specified temperature (e.g., 600 degrees) or higher to maintain the generated carbon compounds in a liquid or gaseous state. The carbon capture system can discharge the liquid or gaseous carbon compounds to the outside via a fuel injection line connected to the fuel injection module 116. The carbon capture system can discharge the carbon compounds to the outside using the fuel injection line made for injecting fuel, without using additional configurations (e.g., discharge lines), reducing complexity and cost. Additionally, the carbon capture system and method herein can accumulate and sell the carbon compounds discharged to the outside, or utilize them for other uses.

[0155] Meanwhile, when the fuel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure uses an alloy metal that is liquid at room temperature, such as NaK, the carbon capture system of the present disclosure can be applied in combination with a SOFC fuel cell system or a PEMFC system that has a low operating temperature.

[0156] 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The block diagram shown in FIG. 8 shows each component of the fuel cell stack as a module for the sake of convenience of explanation, and has no relation to the actual structure.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 8, the fuel cell stack 140 can include an external connection module 141 , a diffusion layer 143 , a fuel electrode 145 , an electrolyte portion 147 , and an air electrode 149 .

[0158] The external connection module 141 of the present disclosure may perform a function of separating the fuel cell stack from external components. Also, the external connection module 141 may perform a function of a separator plate for distinguishing the fuel cell stack. In this case, the term external connection module 141 is an arbitrary name, and in the present disclosure, the external connection module 141 refers to a module that performs a function of separating the internal structure of the fuel cell stack that performs a fuel cell function, such as a separation module, separator plate, boundary, or interface, from other components.

[0159] Meanwhile, the external connection module 141 may be formed in a curved line and function as a passage through which fuel and air are supplied. That is, the fuel cell stack 140 may be connected to a fuel cartridge and an air cartridge via the external connection module 141 to be supplied with fuel and air. The external connection module 141 may include openings as inlets and outlets for the metal fuel and air (or gas) and flow paths communicating therewith. Here, the flow paths may have a shape as required to accommodate the diffusion of the metal fuel and air through the diffusion layer 143. For example, referring to FIG. 9a and FIG. 9b, the external connection module 141 may have a curved shape to ensure a contact area of ​​the flow paths with the diffusion layer 143.

[0160] The diffusion layer 143 can diffuse the fuel and air supplied via the lines of the external connection module 141. The diffusion layer 143 can be composed of a material and matrix suitable for diffusing the fuel and air. The diffusion layer 143 can be omitted if desired within the carbon capture system, integrated with other components, or arranged in a configuration different from that of Figures 9a and 9b.

[0161] The fuel electrode 145 may include an electrode where the fuel (reductant, such as an alkali metal, metal salt, or electride) provided from the fuel cartridge 110 is oxidized. The fuel electrode 145 may be made of a carbon-based material (e.g., graphite, carbon paper, carbon black). Carbon-based materials have relatively good electrical conductivity and chemical resistance compared to other materials, and may be suitable for generating electricity or carrying out chemical reactions.

[0162] The electrolyte unit 147 can move ions (e.g., metal ions) generated after a chemical reaction between fuel and air. The electrolyte included in the electrolyte unit 147 can include at least one of a liquid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, a water-soluble electrolyte, an organic electrolyte, and a composite electrolyte.

[0163] When the electrolyte unit 147 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a composite electrolyte, the electrolyte unit 147 may include a first electrolyte located on the fuel electrode 145 side and a second electrolyte located on the air electrode 149 side, and may include a separator separating the first electrolyte from the second electrolyte. In this case, the first electrolyte may include an organic electrolyte, and the second electrolyte may include an aqueous electrolyte. A detailed description of the structure of the electrolyte unit 147 in the case where it is configured as a hybrid will be described later with reference to FIG. 9b.

[0164] When the fuel cell applied to the carbon capture system of the present disclosure has the form of an SOFC, the electrolyte section 147 can use a highly ionic solid oxide (e.g., a ceramic material) such as NASICON (Sodium [Na] Super Ionic Conductors) or beta alumina.

[0165] When the fuel cell applied to the carbon capture system of the present disclosure has the form of an MCFC, the electrolyte unit 147 contains a liquid metal compound (e.g., Na 2 CO 3 Like M a (CO 3 )b ) can be used directly. The fuel cartridge 110 can use the heating module 114 to heat the solid metal compound to provide the liquid metal compound to the fuel cell stack 140, which can act as an electrolyte. The electrolyte section 147 can move the liquid metal compound. Because the amount of metal compound can change within the fuel cell stack, the fuel cell stack 140 can use lines and / or devices attached to the external connection module 141 to provide or remove the liquid metal compound so that a constant level of electrolyte can be maintained.

[0166] The air electrode 149 can reduce the air supplied via the air cartridge 120. The air electrode 149 can be made of, for example, platinum (Pt) or carbon (C), or can be based on carbon or graphite, but can also use a material that further contains nickel (Ni). In the air electrode, oxygen or carbon dioxide in the air supplied via the air cartridge reacts with metal ions (e.g., sodium ions) to produce by-products (e.g., Na 2 CO 3) can be generated. By-products generated by the reaction of oxygen or carbon dioxide in the air with metal ions can be accumulated on the air electrode 149. If the by-products accumulate beyond a level designated for the air electrode 149, the electrical conductivity may be reduced and it may be difficult for the electrode to function. Therefore, if the by-products accumulate, the air electrode 149 may need to be replaced. The fuel cell stack 140 may further include a component for replacing the air electrode 149. If the carbon compound accumulates in a solid form, the air electrode can be replaced, but if it is formed in a liquid or gaseous fluid state, a flow path for removing it may be included. In this case, the flow path for discharging the carbon compound in a liquid or gaseous state to the outside may be formed separately, or an existing fuel supply line connected to the fuel cell stack 140 may be used. The fuel cell stack 140 can increase the replacement cycle of the electrodes including the air electrode 5 by preventing the accumulation of metal oxides, and reduce the cost of replacing the electrodes.

[0167] According to one embodiment, the diffusion layer 143 , the fuel electrode 145 , the electrolyte portion 147 and the air electrode 149 may be present in an integrated form in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) 142 .

[0168] FIG. 9a is a diagram illustrating the structure of a fuel cell stack 140 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0169] The fuel cell stack of FIG. 9a is an exemplary implementation of the fuel cell stack begun in FIG.

[0170] In FIG. 9 a , a fuel cell stack 140 may be supplied with fuel from a fuel cartridge 110 and air from an air cartridge 120 .

[0171] The fuel cell stack 140 may be supplied with fuel. The supplied fuel may be supplied to the fuel cell stack 140 via the fuel injection module 116. The fuel cell stack 140 may be supplied with fuel in a liquid or gaseous state using a line, which allows for easier supply of fuel compared to solid-state fuel. In addition, the fuel cell stack 140 may be supplied with fuel in a liquid or gaseous state, and the fuel that remains unburned after being supplied with the fuel in a liquid or gaseous state may be removed using a line connected to the opening of the external connection module 141 or a separate line. The fuel in a liquid or gaseous state is relatively more reactive than the fuel in a solid state, which allows for a relatively reduced amount of remaining fuel, and the amount of fuel that accumulates on the air electrode 149 may also be relatively small because it flows in the form of a fluid.

[0172] Additionally, the fuel cell stack 140 may be supplied with air from the air cartridge 120. The air control module 126 may measure air conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind speed) and control the rotation speed of the air fan 122, the air compression ratio, the pressure in the carbon capture system, and the flow rate in the carbon capture system based on the measured air conditions. The fuel cell stack 140 may exhaust the remaining air that reacted with the fuel to the outside, or exhaust air to the outside if the internal oil pressure exceeds a specified level.

[0173] Meanwhile, an oxidation reaction of a fuel such as a metal occurs in the fuel electrode 145, and the generated cations can move to the air electrode 149, which is the negative electrode, through the electrolyte part 147. The air electrode can capture carbon in the air through a reduction reaction of the air. The captured carbon can be accumulated in the air electrode in the form of carbon compounds, and when the amount of carbon compounds accumulated in the air electrode exceeds a certain level, the air electrode can be replaced using an electrode replacement module included in the fuel cell module 130.

[0174] FIG. 9b is a diagram illustrating the structure of a hybrid fuel cell stack according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0175] Referring to FIG. 9b, the electrolyte part of the hybrid fuel cell stack may include a mixed electrolyte, and may include a first electrolyte part 1471, a second electrolyte part 1472, and a separation membrane 1473 therebetween. Also, an electrolyte module 1475 for adjusting the concentration or amount of the electrolyte included in each electrolyte part may be further included. In this case, the first electrolyte part 1471 close to the fuel electrode 145 may include an organic electrolyte, and the second electrolyte part 1472 close to the air electrode 149 may include an aqueous electrolyte. The separation membrane may be made of a permeable material that allows only cations to pass through. As the reaction proceeds, the electrolyte may be exchanged through the electrolyte module 1475 to maintain the concentration of the electrolyte included in each of the first electrolyte part 1471 and the second electrolyte part 1472. The electrolyte module 1475 and each electrolyte part may be connected through different tubes.

[0176] On the other hand, since carbon compounds captured by the oxidation-reduction reaction of the fuel cell may precipitate in the second electrolyte part, instead of replacing the relatively expensive air electrode 149, the performance of the battery can be maintained by replacing only the second electrolyte part 1472. The second electrolyte part itself can be replaced as a module, or only the solution contained in the second electrolyte part can be replaced. In other words, by replacing only the aqueous electrolyte solution, the performance of the battery can be maintained, and the captured carbon compounds can be easily separated by filtering the aqueous electrolyte solution.

[0177] FIG. 10 illustrates an arrangement for capturing air in an air cartridge in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0178] In FIG. 10, the air cartridge 120 may include an air fan 122, an air filter 124, and an air control module 126. As described above, the air fan 122 may collect air and carbon dioxide in the air into the carbon capture system by rotating. The air filter 124 may be used to filter foreign matter such as solid matter (e.g., dust) from the air collected through the air fan 122. The air control module 126 may control the process of collecting air into the carbon capture system. The air control module 126 may measure the state of the air (e.g., temperature, humidity, wind speed), and may control the rotation speed of the air fan 122, the air compression ratio, the pressure in the carbon capture system, and the flow rate in the carbon capture system based on the measured state of the air. The air control module 126 may make the collected air suitable for supplying to the fuel cell stack 140 based on the state of the air.

[0179] According to an embodiment, the air filter 124 may purify the outside air by removing impurities (e.g., dust) in the air. The air 128 purified through the air filter 124 may be input to the air electrode 149 of the fuel cell stack 140 by the air control module 126. The air filter 124 may use any one or a combination of two or more of specific technologies (e.g., pressure swing adsorption (PSA), thermal swing adsorption (TSA), pressure thermal swing adsorption (PTSA), and vacuum swing adsorption (VSA)) for air purification. PSA may refer to a technology that operates on the principle that a specific gas is preferentially adsorbed or captured by an adsorbent at a high partial pressure, and the specific gas is desorbed or released when the partial pressure decreases below a specified level. TSA may refer to a technology that operates on the principle that a specific gas is preferentially adsorbed or captured by an adsorbent at room temperature, and the specific gas is desorbed or released when the temperature exceeds a specified level. PTSA can refer to a technology that combines PSA and TSA. VSA can refer to a technology that utilizes the principle that a specific gas is preferentially adsorbed or captured by an adsorbent at near atmospheric pressure and desorbed or released under vacuum conditions.

[0180] The air filter 124 may further include a fillable adsorbent or a permeable membrane that selectively allows the passage of substances. The adsorbent may include, for example, zeolite, alumina, silica gel, metal-organic framework (MOF), zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), activated carbon, or a mixture of two or more of them. MOF may refer to a crystalline compound that consists of metal ions or metal clusters coordinated to organic molecules to form a porous primary, secondary, or tertiary structure. ZIF may refer to a nanoporous compound that consists of tetrahedral clusters connected by imidazolate ligands. This is only one example, and the type of adsorbent may include any material that can adsorb impurities. The permeable membrane may be arranged in line with the flow direction of the external air.

[0181] Additionally, the air control module 126 can accumulate carbon dioxide in the air to generate a high-concentration carbon dioxide mixed gas, thereby improving carbon capture performance.

[0182] FIG. 11 illustrates a configuration for supplying fuel from a fuel cartridge to a fuel cell stack in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0183] 11, a fuel cell stack 140 can include an external connection module 141, a fuel electrode 145, an electrolyte section 147, and an air electrode 149. The functions of each of the illustrated components are as described above.

[0184] In FIG. 11, the fuel injection module 116 may supply fuel in a liquid or gas state produced in a chamber (e.g., chamber 112 in FIG. 1a) to the fuel electrode 145. The fuel supplied at this time may include any of metal fuel (e.g., Na), metal salt fuel (e.g., NaCl), liquid mixed metal (e.g., NaK), and electrides. The fuel electrode 145 may be supplied with fuel in a fluid state from the fuel injection module 116. Since the surface area of ​​the fluid fuel is relatively large compared to the solid fuel, it may be more efficient in terms of reactivity and energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the fluid fuel may be advantageous in mechanically or structurally securing a fuel supply line and injecting it into the fuel electrode 145 compared to the solid fuel. Since the solid fuel has a fixed form, it may be difficult to inject it into the fuel electrode 145 if the cross-sectional area is larger than that of the fuel supply line. Conversely, fluid fuel can be relatively easily pumped into the fuel electrode 145 using gravity or pressure mechanisms (e.g., motors, compressors) since the metal morphology can vary depending on the configuration of the fuel supply line.

[0185] In addition, since the fluid fuel requires a relatively high temperature on the fuel cell stack 140 to maintain a fluid state, the reactivity may be high and the efficiency of the fuel cell may be relatively high compared to solid metals. In this case, the energy for maintaining the internal temperature high may be energy generated in the fuel cell module of the carbon capture system of the present disclosure.

[0186] FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the operation of capturing carbon by reacting fuel and air in a carbon capture system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0187] According to FIG. 12, a fuel cell system 1200 can include an anode section 1210 , an electrolyte section 1220 , and a cathode section 1230 .

[0188] The negative electrode unit 1210 may include a fuel electrode 1212 (or anode). A fuel in a liquid or gaseous state may be injected into the negative electrode unit 1210 through a fuel injection module. In this case, the fuel injected into the negative electrode unit may include any one of a metal fuel (e.g., Na), a metal salt fuel (e.g., NaCl), a liquid mixed metal (e.g., NaK), or an electride.

[0189] The electrolyte unit 1220 can move ions (e.g., metal ions) generated after a chemical reaction in the fuel electrode. The electrolyte unit 1220 can include an electrolyte 1222 for moving ions. The electrolyte unit 1220 can be composed of a plurality of electrolyte units, and in this case, can include a separation membrane for separating each electrolyte unit.

[0190] The positive electrode portion 1230 can include an air electrode 1232 (or positive electrode). The positive electrode portion 1230 can be injected with purified air or a treated gas mixture from an air cartridge or the like.

[0191] A separation membrane 1205 may be disposed between the anode part 1210 and the electrolyte part 1220. Also, a separation membrane 505 may be disposed between the electrolyte part 1220 and the cathode part 1230. The separation membrane 1205 physically separates the anode part 1210, the electrolyte part 1220, and the cathode part 1230, and can control the movement of only substances in the form of ions.

[0192] The negative electrode section 1210 and the electrolyte section 1220 can be physically connected by supply lines for fuel injection and electrolyte injection. The fuel cell 1200 can include a first line connected to the fuel electrode 1212 for fuel supply. The fuel cell 1200 can also include a second line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 for electrolyte supply. The first and second lines can be connected together as a supply line or can be formed separately. When an electride produced by the combination of the metal fuel and the amines is supplied as the metal fuel and the electrolyte, the first and second lines can be connected together, as described above with respect to the electride.

[0193] The electrified compound of the combination of the metal fuel and the amines may be supplied as the metal fuel on the metal-air fuel cell, or the amines may be used to act as the electrolyte without a separate electrolyte. That is, the electrified compound of the combination of the metal fuel and the amines may act as the metal fuel in the metal-air fuel cell while simultaneously acting as the electrolyte. The electrified compound of the combination of the metal fuel and the amines may be supplied as the metal fuel through a line connected to the fuel electrode 1212. Since the amines in the electrified compound act as the electrolyte, the electrolyte can be supplied to the inside of the fuel cell without a separate line connected to the electrolyte module 1224. In this case, the fuel cell supply unit and the organic electrolyte unit may have one form, or the line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 may be connected to the fuel electrode 1212 to form one line. When the fuel cell supply unit and the organic electrolyte unit have one form, or the line connected to the electrolyte module 1224 is connected to the fuel electrode 1212 to form one line, the internal structure of the metal-air fuel cell may be relatively simple.

[0194] The fuel electrode 1212 and the air electrode 1232 can be constructed of any material (e.g., graphite, metal-carbon composites, single and composite materials, silicon-based catalytic composites, catalytic electrodes, semiconducting material electrodes, polymer electrodes, nanomaterial electrodes, metal mash electrodes, organic / inorganic composite electrodes, liquid form electrodes, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) electrodes, graphene electrodes, carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes) by way of example only, and the materials that can be used as the fuel electrode 1212 and the air electrode 1232 are not limited thereto and can include any material that has reactive, conductive, or semiconducting properties compatible with the reaction of air with a metal fuel.

[0195] According to an embodiment, an oxidation reaction may occur at the fuel electrode 1212. At the fuel electrode 1212, a metal component contained in the fuel may be ionized by the oxidation reaction. The ionized metal may pass through the electrolyte unit 1220 and the separation membrane 1205 and move to the air electrode 1232. Alternatively, the ionized metal already contained in the electrolyte unit 1220 may move to the air electrode 1232. Meanwhile, electrons generated by the oxidation reaction at the negative electrode may move from the negative electrode unit 1210 to the positive electrode unit 1230 using a separate circuit (wire), and at this time, the direction of the current may be the opposite direction 1202 to the movement of the electrons.

[0196] According to one embodiment, the air electrode 1232 may undergo a reduction reaction of air. The air electrode 1232 may undergo an oxidation reaction of metal ions along with the reduction of oxygen. The air electrode 1232 may produce carbon compounds through a chain reaction. The carbon compounds finally produced may be M a (CO 3 ) b , CO, COOH, etc. Through such reactions, carbon (C) atoms that were present in the air can be converted into carbon compounds that are bonded to metals (e.g., Na 2 CO 3 It can be seen that the particles are captured in the form of

[0197] The carbon capture system of the present specification can capture carbon dioxide present in the air through the above-mentioned chemical reaction in the form of carbonate or the like, thereby removing carbon from the air.

[0198] The carbon capture system herein can be fed with a metal fuel (e.g., sodium) to remove carbon from the air. For example, the carbon compound is Na 2 CO 3 If the two metal ions are used, one molecule of carbon dioxide can be removed from the air. Sodium chloride accounts for 30.6% of the ions present in the ocean water (seawater), which covers 70% of the Earth's surface area, and can therefore be obtained at low cost without concern for depletion. If sodium chloride (NaCl) is used as the metal fuel, a carbon capture system can remove a specified level of carbon (e.g., 1 ton) from the air by inputting a specified level of sodium chloride (e.g., 12 tons).

[0199] In addition, the carbon capture system of the present specification can use or sell the captured carbon compounds industrially. The carbon capture system captures oxygen or carbon dioxide from the air to generate carbon compounds, and the generated carbon compounds can be sold in the form of resources. The carbon capture system can obtain a certain amount of income (e.g., about $600 per ton of carbon dioxide) in the form of carbon emission credits while removing carbon dioxide from the air.

[0200] According to one embodiment, the air electrode 1232 is made of a carbon compound (e.g., M a (CO 3 ) b) may accumulate and reduce electrical conductivity. The carbon collection system of the present specification may discharge carbon compounds generated in the air electrode 1232 to the outside using a fuel supply line between the fuel injection module 116 and the fuel electrode 1212. The carbon collection system of the present specification may reduce the complexity of the structure and reduce costs by using the fuel supply line installed for fuel supply as is, instead of installing a separate line for discharging carbon compounds. The carbon collection system may discharge carbon compounds generated in the air electrode 1232 to the outside to control them not to accumulate on the air electrode 1232, thereby preventing the electrical conductivity of the air electrode 1232 from decreasing. The carbon collection system may increase the replacement cycle of the air electrode 1232 by discharging carbon compounds to the outside, reduce the effort of replacing the air electrode 1232 due to the performance deterioration of the air electrode 1232, and reduce the cost of replacing the air electrode 1232.

[0201] The control unit 132 of the carbon collection device can determine whether to replace the air electrode 1232 based on the ratio of carbon compounds accumulated on the air electrode 1232 and the electrical conductivity of the air electrode 1232. For example, the control unit 132 can determine to replace the air electrode 1232 based on the electrical conductivity of the air electrode 1232 being below a specified level. The carbon collection system herein can replace the air electrode 1232 in the fuel cell stack in an automatic or semi-automatic manner using a specific configuration, robot, or device. Alternatively, the control unit 132 can display information to a user indicating that the air electrode 1232 must be replaced. According to one embodiment, the air electrode 1232 can be electrically connected to the control unit 132 and physically connected to the electrode replacement module 1234. The control unit 132 can determine the replacement of the air electrode 1232 and replace the air electrode 1232 automatically or semi-automatically using the electrode replacement module 1234.

[0202] The replacement of the air electrode 1232 is described in detail below.

[0203] According to an embodiment, the fuel cell module can fill the electrolyte using an electrolyte module and discharge the used electrolyte to the outside. The electrolyte part of the fuel cell module can include an inlet / outlet (opening or flow path). The carbon collection system can discharge the carbon compounds generated in the air electrode using the outlet. The outlet can be connected to a passage for injecting fuel from the fuel injection module. Alternatively, it can be connected to a passage other than the passage for injecting fuel. The control unit can detect the operating status of the fuel cell in the carbon collection system and control at least one of the temperature, the internal pressure, the flow rate of the fuel supplied, the flow rate of the collected air, the production amount of the power generated by the fuel cell, and the durability of the electrodes. The control unit can determine whether to replace the air electrode 1232 based on the state of the air electrode 1232. For example, the control unit 132 can determine to replace the air electrode 1232 based on whether the carbon compounds piled on the air electrode 1232 exceed a specified level (e.g., 80%) or the electrical conductivity of the air electrode 1232 is less than a specified level (e.g., 30%). The control unit 132 can operate the electrode replacement module 1234 based on the determination that the air electrode 1232 needs to be replaced, and can isolate the air electrode from the fuel cell stack or fuel cell, or can provide a user with information indicating that the air electrode 1232 needs to be replaced based on the determination that the air electrode 1232 needs to be replaced.

[0204] According to one embodiment, the air electrode 1232 may be configured in the form of a cartridge in the fuel cell system or may be configured separately in the form of a compartment. A user may manually replace only the air electrode 1232 separately. The carbon collection system of the present specification can provide convenient ease of use by automatically replacing the air electrode 1232 or by forming a structure that allows the air electrode 1232 to be relatively simply replaced from the outside. In addition, the use or replacement cycle of the air electrode 1232 can be increased by removing carbon compounds that may accumulate in the air electrode 1232 from an outlet or by replacing the aqueous electrolyte.

[0205] FIG. 13 illustrates, in a flow chart, a method for carbon capture using a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0206] The operations described with reference to Fig. 13 can be realized based on instructions that can be stored in a computer recording medium or memory. The illustrated method can be performed by the fuel cell and carbon capture system of the present disclosure described above with reference to Figs. 1 to 12, and the technical features as described above will not be described below. The order of the operations in Fig. 13 may be changed, some operations may be omitted, or some operations may be performed simultaneously.

[0207] In operation 1310, the control unit 132 can control the temperature of the fuel cartridge to make the metal fuel flow in a liquid or gaseous state. The liquid or gaseous fuel can reduce the amount of residual fuel, which is relatively highly reactive, compared to the solid fuel, and the amount of fuel accumulated in the air electrode can be relatively small because it flows in a fluid form. Meanwhile, the fuel supplied in the operation of FIG. 13 is not limited to the metal fuel, and according to various embodiments described in the present disclosure, metal salt fuel, electride fuel, alloy fuel in a liquid state, etc. can be used, and the following operation can be appropriately modified accordingly.

[0208] In operation 1320, the control unit 132 can deliver the metal fuel in a liquid or gaseous state to the anode unit using the fuel supply line. According to one embodiment, the metal fuel in a liquid or gaseous state can be injected into the anode unit via a fuel injection module. The fuel in a liquid or gaseous state can be supplied to the anode unit using the fuel supply line, and the fuel can be more easily supplied compared to the metal fuel in a solid state.

[0209] In operation 1330, the control unit 132 can control the external gas and the ionized metal fuel to chemically react at the positive electrode to produce a carbon capture product (e.g., a carbon compound). The carbon capture system herein can be configured to remove carbon from the air by inputting a metal fuel (e.g., sodium). For example, the carbon capture product can be M aCO 3 If two metal ions are used, one molecule of carbon dioxide can be removed from the air. Sodium chloride makes up 30.6% of the ions present in ocean water (seawater), which occupies 70% of the Earth's surface area, so it can be obtained at low cost without concern for depletion. If sodium chloride (NaCl) is used as the metal fuel, a carbon capture system can remove a specified level of carbon (e.g., 1 ton) from the air by inputting a specified level of sodium chloride (e.g., 12 tons).

[0210] In addition, the carbon capture system of the present specification can use or sell the captured carbon capture product industrially. The carbon capture system captures oxygen or carbon dioxide from the air to generate a carbon capture product, and the generated carbon capture product can be sold in the form of a resource. The carbon capture system can earn a certain amount of income in the form of carbon emission credits (e.g., about $600 per ton of carbon dioxide) while removing carbon dioxide from the air.

[0211] In operation 1340, the control unit 132 can utilize the energy generated by the chemical reaction of the external gas and the ionized metal fuel. For example, the fuel cell stack 140 can generate electrical energy by chemically reacting the fuel supplied from the fuel cartridge 110 and the air supplied from the air cartridge 120. The battery 150 can store the power generated by the chemical reaction on the fuel cell module 130. The fuel cell module 130 can store the generated power in the battery 150 or supply it to other components inside the carbon capture system. For example, the fuel cell system 130 can supply the power stored in the battery 150 to the fuel cartridge 110. The heating module 114 in the fuel cartridge 110 can use the power to change the state of the input fuel to a gas or liquid. In addition, the carbon capture system can transmit the power stored in the battery 150 to an external system to be used for other electronic devices, or to be exchanged or sold for a specific resource (e.g., currency).

[0212] In operation 1350, the control unit 132 may discharge the carbon capture product generated by the chemical reaction between the external gas and the ionized metal fuel to the outside through a fuel supply line, or replace the air electrode. The carbon capture system of the present specification may be provided with a separate line for discharging the carbon capture product. Alternatively, the fuel supply line provided for fuel supply provided to the carbon capture system may be used as is for discharging the carbon capture product, thereby reducing the complexity of the structure and reducing costs. In addition, the carbon capture system and method of the present specification may accumulate the carbon capture product discharged to the outside and sell it, or use it for other purposes. The carbon capture system may discharge the carbon capture product to the outside to increase the replacement cycle of the air electrode, reduce the hassle of replacing the air electrode due to the deterioration of the performance of the air electrode, and reduce the cost of replacing the air electrode. The carbon capture system may discharge the carbon capture product generated at the air electrode to the outside to control it not to pile up on the air electrode, or replace the air electrode, to prevent the electrical conductivity of the air electrode from decreasing.

[0213] The control unit of the carbon capture device of the present disclosure may include at least one processor including logic and arithmetic circuits as hardware configured to execute the methods performed in the carbon capture system of the present disclosure. The control unit 132 may process data according to programs and / or instructions provided from a memory (not shown) and generate control signals according to the processing results.

[0214] According to various embodiments, controller 132 may, for example, control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) coupled to controller 132 and may perform various data processing or calculations. According to one embodiment, as at least a part of the data processing or calculations, controller 132 may store instructions or data received from another component (e.g., a fuel cell stack or an air control module) in volatile memory (not shown), process the instructions or data stored in the volatile memory (not shown), and store the resulting data in non-volatile memory (not shown).

[0215] According to one embodiment, the controller 132 may include a main processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU) or application processor (AP)) or an auxiliary processor (e.g., a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor) that may operate independently or together therewith. For example, if the carbon capture device includes a main processor and an auxiliary processor, the auxiliary processor may be configured to use less power than the main processor or to be specialized for designated functions. The auxiliary processor may be implemented separately from or as part of the main processor.

[0216] The carbon collector according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a communication unit (not shown). The communication unit refers to a hardware component that receives commands or data input from a user or other external devices, transmits commands or data generated by the carbon collector to the outside, or transmits or receives commands or data from other components of the carbon collector, and may include a wired or wireless communication module and / or an input / output interface. The carbon collector according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may receive information from an external electronic device (e.g., a management server installed outside the carbon collector) through the communication unit, or transmit information acquired or generated by the carbon collector from the external electronic device. Meanwhile, the communication unit may be realized separately from the control unit 132 in the carbon collector according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, or may be realized through a circuit element included in the control unit 132 and included in the control unit 132.

[0217] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, an artificial neural network (not shown) for capturing carbon of the present disclosure may be provided from a carbon capture device to a software-on-chip (SOC) or micro controller unit (MCU) and included in the controller 132. Alternatively, the artificial neural network may be provided in the form of software operated by the controller 132 and updated by communication from an external server or user input.

[0218] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the artificial neural network can be used to determine the fuel, amount of fuel, feed temperature, feed rate, amount of air, air temperature, electrolyte concentration, etc. for which carbon capture is optimized.

[0219] According to an embodiment, the carbon collection system may include an air cartridge into which an external gas is introduced, a fuel cartridge into which a metal fuel is injected, a fuel cell system, a fuel supply line for supplying fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell system, a battery, and a control unit. The fuel cell system may include an anode including a fuel electrode in which the metal fuel is ionized to generate metal ions, a cathode including an air electrode in which a carbon compound of the metal ions is generated, and an electrolyte unit including an electrolyte for transmitting the metal ions between the anode and the cathode. The control unit may control the temperature of the fuel cartridge to make the inputted metal fuel liquid or gaseous, transmit the liquid or gaseous metal fuel to the anode using the fuel supply line, transmit the external gas to the cathode, and control the external gas and the ionized metal fuel to chemically react with each other on the cathode to generate a carbon compound, control the temperature of the fuel cartridge using energy generated by the chemical reaction of the external gas and the ionized metal fuel on the cathode, store the remaining energy in the battery, and discharge the carbon compound generated by the chemical reaction of the external gas and the ionized metal fuel on the cathode to the outside using the fuel supply line.

[0220] According to one embodiment, the control unit can control the temperature inside the battery so that the carbon compounds accumulated on the positive electrode part can move in a fluid state using the fuel supply line, and can detect the level of the carbon compounds generated by the chemical reaction of the external gas and the ionized metal fuel that accumulates on the positive electrode part.

[0221] According to one embodiment, the controller can decide to replace the air electrode based on the electrical conductivity of the air electrode being below a specified level.

[0222] According to one embodiment, the controller can decide to replace the air electrode based on the ratio of carbon compounds building up on the air electrode exceeding a specified level.

[0223] According to one embodiment, based on determining to replace the air electrode, the control unit can display information to a user indicating that the air electrode needs to be replaced.

[0224] According to one embodiment, the air electrode may be physically connected to the electrode replacement module and configured in the form of a cartridge or configured separately in the form of a compartment, and the control unit can automatically operate the electrode replacement module to separate the air electrode based on determining to replace the air electrode.

[0225] According to one embodiment, the controller can control at least one of the pressure of the fuel supply, the flow rate, the temperature and the supply amount that can maintain the metal fuel in a liquid or gas state.

[0226] According to one embodiment, the air cartridge includes an air fan, an air filter, and an air control module, the air fan rotates to collect air and carbon dioxide in the air inside the carbon capture system, the air filter filters solid matter from the air collected via the air fan, and the air control module measures air conditions including at least one of temperature, humidity, or wind speed, and can control at least one of the rotation speed of the air fan, the air compression ratio, the pressure within the carbon capture system, or the flow rate within the carbon capture system based on the measured air conditions.

[0227] According to one embodiment, the fuel cartridge includes a heating module, a chamber, and a fuel injection module, the heating module supplies heat to the chamber either conventionally or using an electric coil to supply heat and senses the temperature inside the carbon capture system, the chamber stores and heats an input metal fuel, and the fuel injection module can supply fuel in liquid or gaseous state to the anode portion on the fuel cell system using a fuel supply line.

[0228] According to one embodiment, the fuel injection module can supply fuel to the negative electrode section of the fuel cell system under pressure using a compressor or pump, and can heat metal fuel that is not combusted on the fuel cell system and supply it back to the fuel cell system.

[0229] According to one embodiment, the battery stores energy generated by oxidation of the metal fuel at the negative electrode portion and can supply the stored energy to the heating module or transmit it to the outside.

[0230] According to one embodiment, the carbon capture system further includes another line, and the control unit can use the fuel supply line to move the carbon compounds produced in the positive electrode section, or can use a separate line to move the carbon compounds produced in the positive electrode section.

[0231] According to one embodiment, the fuel supply line is formed in a curve and can supply liquid or gaseous fuel to the fuel cell system, supply unburned fuel back to the fuel cartridge, and transport carbon compounds produced in the positive electrode section.

[0232] According to one embodiment, the metal fuel may include at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Sn, Zn, Cu, Nb, Ag, Ni, Cd, and Fe.

[0233] According to one embodiment, the fuel electrode of the anode section or the air electrode of the cathode section may include at least one of a carbon electrode, a graphite electrode, a metal-carbon composite electrode, a nanomaterial electrode, a catalyst composite electrode, a catalyst electrode, a semiconducting material electrode, a polymer electrode, a metal mash electrode, an organic / inorganic composite material electrode, a liquid-form electrode, a transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) electrode, a graphene electrode, a carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, or an oxidized metal species electrode.

[0234] Specific structural or functional descriptions for the embodiments are disclosed for illustrative purposes only and may be modified and embodied in various forms. Therefore, the embodiments are not limited to the specific disclosed forms, and the scope of the present specification includes modifications, equivalents, or alternatives within the technical spirit.

[0235] Although terms such as first or second may be used to describe various components, such terms should be construed only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another component, for example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may be named a first component.

[0236] When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected to the other component or may be connected to the other component, but there may be other components in between.

[0237] The terms used in the embodiments are merely used for explanation and should not be construed as being limiting. A singular expression includes a plural expression unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context. In this specification, the terms "include" or "have" are intended to specify the presence of features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof described in the specification, and should be understood not to preclude the presence or additional possibility of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0238] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments belong. Terms as defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the contextual meaning of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted as idealized or overly formal unless expressly defined in this application.

[0239] The advantages and features of the present disclosure, as well as the methods for achieving them, will become apparent by reference to the embodiments described in detail with the accompanying drawings. However, the invention contained in the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein, but may be realized in various forms, and the present embodiments are provided to complete the disclosure of the present specification and to fully inform those skilled in the art to which the invention contained in the present disclosure pertains of the scope of the invention, and the content of the invention is only defined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. In the carbon capture device, an air cartridge into which a gas containing a carbon component flows; a fuel cartridge into which fuel is injected; a fuel cell stack; a fuel supply line for supplying the fuel between the fuel cartridge and the fuel cell stack; A control unit, The fuel cell stack comprises: a negative electrode portion including a fuel electrode in which an oxidation reaction of the fuel supplied from the fuel supply line occurs; a positive electrode portion including an air electrode in which a reduction reaction of the gas flowing in from the air cartridge takes place; an electrolyte portion including an electrolyte that transfers metal ions generated by an oxidation reaction of the fuel between the negative electrode portion and the positive electrode portion; a carbon capture product is generated based on the reduction reaction of the positive electrode portion, The positive electrode unit includes an electrode replacement module capable of replacing the air electrode, The control unit is Controlling the supply of the fuel supplied to the negative electrode portion through the fuel supply line; Controlling the supply of the gas transmitted to the positive electrode portion; 13. A carbon capture device configured to determine whether the air electrode or at least a portion of the electrolyte portion is replaced based on the carbon capture product.

2. The control unit is Controlling the temperature of the fuel cartridge to make the injected fuel in a liquid or gas state; The fuel in the liquid or gas state is delivered to the negative electrode portion using the fuel supply line; Controlling the generation of the carbon capture product based on a chemical reaction of the gas and the metal ions at the positive electrode portion; The carbon collector of claim 1 , wherein the energy generated from the chemical reaction at the positive electrode is utilized to control the temperature of the fuel cartridge.

3. The control unit is controlling an internal temperature of the fuel cell stack so that the carbon capture product produced in the positive electrode portion is discharged in a fluid state through the fuel supply line; The carbon capture device according to claim 1 , further comprising a control means for controlling the carbon capture product in a fluid state to be discharged to the outside using the fuel supply line.

4. The control unit is determining to replace at least a portion of the electrolyte portion based on the electrical conductivity of the air electrode being below a predetermined level; or 10. The carbon trap of claim 1 configured to determine to replace the air electrode based on an amount of the carbon trapping product building up on the air electrode exceeding a specified level.

5. 5. The carbon collection device of claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to display information to a user indicating that the replacement is necessary based on a determination to replace at least a portion of the air electrode or the electrolyte unit.

6. The air electrode is physically connected to the electrode exchange module and configured in the form of a cartridge or a compartment so as to be separable from the positive electrode part; 2. The carbon collector of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to automatically operate the electrode replacement module to isolate the air electrode based on a determination to replace the air electrode.

7. 2. The carbon collection device of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to control at least one of a pressure, a flow rate, a temperature at which the fuel can be maintained in a liquid or gaseous state, and a supply amount of the fuel.

8. The air cartridge is Air fans and Air filters and an air control module; The air fan rotates to collect air and carbon dioxide in the air into the air cartridge, The air filter filters the air collected through the air fan, 2. The carbon collector of claim 1, wherein the air control module is configured to measure air conditions including at least one of temperature, humidity, or wind speed, and to control at least one of an air fan rotation speed, an air compression ratio, a pressure within the carbon collector, or a flow rate within the carbon collector based on the measured air conditions.

9. The fuel cartridge comprises: A heating module; A chamber; a fuel injection module; the heating module is configured to sense a temperature inside the chamber and provide heat to the chamber; the chamber stores the fuel and heats the fuel within the chamber using heat transferred from the heating module; 3. The carbon collector of claim 2, wherein the fuel injection module is connected to the fuel supply line and configured to discharge the liquid or gaseous fuel to the outside of the fuel cartridge.

10. The fuel injection module supplies fuel to the negative electrode portion of the fuel cell stack by applying pressure using a compressor or a pump; the control unit recovers the fuel that has not been combusted in the fuel cell stack via the fuel supply line; The carbon collection device according to claim 9, wherein the fuel cartridge heats the collected fuel and supplies it again to the fuel cell stack.

11. the carbon capture device further comprises a battery; 2. The carbon collection device of claim 1, wherein the battery is configured to store electrical energy generated in the fuel cell stack and to supply the stored electrical energy to the fuel cartridge or to transmit the stored electrical energy to the outside.

12. the carbon capture device further includes at least one line distinct from the fuel supply line; The carbon collection device according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to move the carbon collection product generated in the positive electrode unit or an electrolyte in the electrolyte unit using the at least one line.

13. the fuel supply line is formed in a curved shape, supplies fuel in a liquid or gas state to the fuel cell stack, and supplies unburned fuel back to the fuel cartridge; The carbon collection device according to claim 1 , further comprising a discharge means for discharging the carbon collection product produced in the positive electrode portion.

14. the fuel comprises at least one of a metal fuel, a metal salt, an alloy, or an electride; The carbon collection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel contains at least one of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al, Sn, Zn, Cu, Nb, Ag, Ni, Cd, and Fe as a constituent component.

15. 2. The carbon collection device of claim 1, wherein the fuel electrode of the negative electrode portion or the air electrode of the positive electrode portion includes at least one of a carbon electrode, a graphite electrode, a metal-carbon composite electrode, a nanomaterial electrode, a catalyst composite electrode, a catalyst electrode, a semiconductor material electrode, a polymer electrode, a metal mash electrode, an organic / inorganic composite material electrode, a liquid electrode, a transition metal dichalcogenide electrode, a graphene electrode, a carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode, or an oxide metal species electrode.

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