Apparatus and method for a hydrogen-driven generator

Abstract

A hydrogen-driven generator includes at least one fuel cell, a power conversion device that receives raw power from the at least one fuel cell and outputs converted power, and a hydrogen storage assembly that supplies hydrogen to the at least one fuel cell. The hydrogen storage assembly includes a first hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell and a second hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell. The first hydrogen storage unit, the second hydrogen storage unit, and the fuel cell can be installed on a tray that slides out of the generator to facilitate maintenance management. The power conversion device can include one or more blades that can be replaced and inserted into the power conversion device to meet various power conversion requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] (Related Application)

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 342,484, filed May 16, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002]

[0002] Embodiments of the present technology generally relate to a power conversion device, at least one fuel cell, and a generator comprising a hydrogen storage assembly.

Background Art

[0003]

[0003] Hydrogen is an important research subject as an alternative fuel source to fossil fuels. Hydrogen is attractive because (i) it can be produced from a wide variety of energy sources, (ii) it has a high energy content by weight (more than about three times that of gasoline), and (iii) it has a zero-carbon emission footprint - the by-products of hydrogen combustion are oxygen and water.

[0004]

[0004] However, hydrogen has physical properties that make it difficult to store large quantities without occupying a significant amount of space. Despite its high energy content by weight, hydrogen has a low energy content by volume. For example, this makes it difficult to store hydrogen, especially within the size and weight constraints of a vehicle. Another major obstacle is the flammability of hydrogen and the associated safe storage.

[0005]

[0005] Known hydrogen storage technologies directed to high-pressure tanks, including compressed hydrogen gas and / or cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, have drawbacks because the risk of explosion still exists. These methods require heavy pressurized vessels and also require high-energy input characteristics that compromise their commercial viability.

[0006]

[0006] Metal alloy hydrogen storage is based on materials capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen. Metal alloy hydrogen storage achieves a high energy content per volume, reduces the risk of explosion, and eliminates the need for high-pressure tanks and insulation devices. An example of a hydrogen storage device using a metal alloy is described in U.S. Patent No. 9,841,147 to Kernene.

[0007]

[0007] Leveraging the advantages of hydrogen requires a system that promotes the wider use of hydrogen as an energy source. A portable generator powered by hydrogen represents one type of system that can promote the wider use of hydrogen as an energy source.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0008]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009]

[0008] The present disclosure generally relates to generators driven by hydrogen gas. In one exemplary embodiment, a hydrogen-driven generator can include at least one fuel cell, a power conversion device that receives raw power from the at least one fuel cell and outputs converted power, and a hydrogen storage assembly that supplies hydrogen to the at least one fuel cell, the hydrogen storage assembly including a first hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell and a second hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell.

[0010]

[0009] The foregoing exemplary embodiments can include one or more of the following features. In an exemplary hydrogen-driven generator, the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit can be cylindrical and can comprise a metal alloy material that absorbs and releases hydrogen gas. The hydrogen storage assembly can comprise a tray that slides out of the hydrogen-driven generator, in which case the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit are installed on the tray, and at least one fuel cell can be installed on the tray. The first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit can each have ports for injecting hydrogen into and releasing hydrogen from the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit, respectively. The first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit can each be subdivided into a plurality of chambers, each of the plurality of chambers comprising a metal alloy material that absorbs and releases hydrogen gas. The first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit can each comprise an inlet port and an outlet port at opposite ends of the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit, respectively. The inlet port of each storage unit can be coupled to a hydrogen filling port by a hydrogen conduit, and the outlet port can be coupled to at least one fuel cell by a hydrogen conduit. The first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit can each store at least 2 kilograms of hydrogen. The hydrogen storage assembly can store an amount of hydrogen sufficient to output energy between 250 kilowatt-hours and 2 megawatt-hours. The power conversion device can comprise a first blade that applies a first conversion to raw power to output a first converted power, and a second blade that applies a second conversion to raw power to output a second converted power. In the hydrogen-driven generator, the first blade can be connected to a first pair of tabs electrically coupled to at least one fuel cell, and the second blade can be connected to a second pair of tabs electrically coupled to at least one fuel cell.In a hydrogen-driven generator, the power conversion device may be configured for removal of at least one of the first blade and the second blade and replacement with at least one of the third blade and the fourth blade.

[0011]

[0010] In another exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure is directed to a hydrogen-driven generator that uses a tray system for a hydrogen storage unit. The hydrogen-driven generator includes at least a first tray and a second tray. The first tray includes a first fuel cell and a first plurality of hydrogen storage units. The second tray includes a second fuel cell and a second plurality of hydrogen storage units. The hydrogen-driven generator further includes a power conversion device that receives raw power from at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell and outputs converted power.

[0012]

[0011] The foregoing exemplary embodiments can include one or more of the following features. The hydrogen-driven generator can further include a third tray including a third fuel cell and a third plurality of hydrogen storage units, and a fourth tray including a fourth fuel cell and a fourth plurality of hydrogen storage units. In an exemplary hydrogen-driven generator, each of the hydrogen storage units can store at least 2 kilograms of hydrogen. In an exemplary hydrogen-driven generator, the first tray can include a sliding mechanism such as a ball bearing configured to slide the first tray out of the hydrogen-driven generator, and the second tray can include a sliding mechanism such as a ball bearing configured to slide the second tray out of the hydrogen-driven generator. The power conversion device can include a first blade configured to output a first converted power and a second blade configured to output a second converted power. The first blade can be connected to a first pair of tabs electrically coupled to at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell, and the second blade can be connected to a second pair of tabs electrically coupled to at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell. The power conversion device may be configured for removal of at least one of the first blade and the second blade and for replacement with at least one of a third blade and a fourth blade.

[0013]

[0012] The foregoing embodiments are non-limiting examples, and other aspects and embodiments are described herein. The foregoing summary of the invention is provided to introduce briefly various concepts that are further described below in the detailed description of the invention. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify the required features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0014] [

[0013] ]The accompanying drawings merely illustrate exemplary embodiments of the hydrogen-driven generator and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. The principles shown in the exemplary embodiments of the drawings can be applied to alternative methods and apparatuses. Further, the elements and features shown in the drawings are not necessarily to scale and, rather, emphasis is placed on clearly showing the principles of the exemplary embodiments. Specific dimensions or positions may be emphasized to assist in visually communicating such principles. In the drawings, the same reference numerals used in the various embodiments denote similar or corresponding, but not necessarily identical, elements. [

[0014] ]BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015]

Figure 1

[0014] ]A block diagram showing a generator and a portable distribution box according to the prior art.

Figure 2

[0015] ]A block diagram of a hydrogen-driven generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 3

[0016] A view of a hydrogen-driven generator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

[0017] A front view of a hydrogen-driven generator according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 8

Figure 9

[0018] A view showing the outer surface of a hydrogen storage unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 10

[0019] A cross-sectional view showing the interior of the hydrogen storage unit of FIG. 9 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0016]

[0020] The exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to a hydrogen-driven generator. Specifically, hydrogen is absorbed by a metal alloy material in a plurality of hydrogen storage units and stored in the metal alloy material. The plurality of hydrogen storage units are housed within the generator and supply hydrogen to one or more fuel cells when needed. The fuel cell provides power to a power conversion device that can convert the power and output it at a desired voltage, amperage, and phase. The generator may be used for primary power or may be stored for an extended period of time and provide backup power when needed. The adaptability of the hydrogen-driven generator provides several advantages.

[0017]

[0021] Conventional generators are typically paired with a portable distribution box to provide power at a desired voltage, amperage, and phase as required for a particular application. However, conventional generators and distribution boxes are typically not configurable. In other words, if a particular facility requires a different form of power than that provided by the available distribution box, it is necessary to obtain another distribution box for coupling to the generator. In contrast, the hydrogen-driven generator described herein has an integrated power conversion device that accommodates interchangeable blades. Each of the blades may be configured to provide power having a particular voltage, current, and phase, thus enabling the power output from the hydrogen-driven generator to be settable.

[0018]

[0022] The design of the hydrogen-driven generator allows for easy refilling of the hydrogen storage unit when the stored hydrogen is depleted. The hydrogen storage unit is optimized to store hydrogen gas in a plurality of storage chambers, each chamber containing a metal alloy material. The hydrogen gas is adsorbed and absorbed by the metal alloy material to create a metal hydride. The metal hydride stored within the hydrogen storage unit is very stable, allowing it to be easily transported and stored for several years with little hydrogen loss. The hydrogen storage unit is also optimized to maximize the amount of hydrogen stored within the volume of the unit. The hydrogen storage unit can be easily combined into an assembly with a plurality of hydrogen storage units. The configuration of the hydrogen storage unit facilitates the use of hydrogen in the generator described herein. As further explained in the following examples, the methods and apparatus described herein improve upon conventional techniques for using hydrogen as a power source.

[0019]

[0023] The exemplary embodiments described herein are directed to generators driven by stored hydrogen gas, but it should be understood that the generators described herein may also be driven using other types of gas. Examples of gases that may be stored in a storage unit to drive the generators described herein include hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butane, hythane (hydrogen / methane), and combinations of the foregoing.

[0020]

[0024] In the following paragraphs, specific embodiments are described in further detail, by way of example with reference to the drawings. Well-known components, methods, and / or processing techniques are omitted or briefly described. Further, references to various features of the embodiments are not intended to suggest that all embodiments must include the recited features.

[0021]

[0025] Referring to FIG. 1, an example of a prior art system is shown. The prior art system 100 includes a power source such as a generator 102 that provides electrical power generated by an internal combustion engine that burns fuel such as gasoline or propane. The generator 102 can have one or more output receptacles that provide an output voltage such as 120VAC or 240VAC. The generator 102 is coupled to a portable distribution box 105. The portable distribution box 105 has an input connector 107 for receiving input power from the generator 102. The portable distribution box 105 also includes one or more power conversion devices such as a transformer, a back converter, or a rectifier to modify the input power and provide output power at the output receptacle 109. The output power can be provided to the loads 112 and 114.

[0022]

[0026] As shown in FIG. 1, one of the drawbacks of the prior art system 100 is that the generator must be coupled to a portable distribution box in order to match the power of the generator to the voltage, amperage, and phase requirements of the equipment receiving the power. The power requirements of the equipment at the site can vary greatly. If a suitable distribution box is not available, another distribution box that provides power in the required form must be obtained. In contrast, as further described below, the hydrogen-driven generator described herein provides a single system that integrates a clean power source and a power conversion device. The clean power provided by hydrogen and fuel cells can be safely stored over a long period of time. Further, the storage assembly of the hydrogen-driven generator can be easily refilled with additional hydrogen when the stored hydrogen gas is depleted. Further advantages of the hydrogen-driven generator will become apparent in the following description of the exemplary embodiments.

[0023]

[0027] Next, referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram is provided showing the main components of a hydrogen-driven generator 205 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The hydrogen-driven generator 205 includes a hydrogen storage assembly 210 that stores hydrogen to be used in one or more fuel cells 225. As already mentioned and as will be further described below, the hydrogen storage assembly 210 can include one or more hydrogen storage units that contain a metal alloy material, which absorbs and adsorbs gaseous hydrogen to form a metal hydride. The metal hydride has a stable composition that can be safely stored for months or years. When power is needed, hydrogen can be released from the hydrogen storage unit and used by one or more fuel cells 225 to generate power. One or more fuel cells 225 may be electrochemical fuel cells that use hydrogen, oxygen, an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte to generate direct current, as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0024]

[0028] The fuel cell 225 typically outputs DC power. The hydrogen-driven generator 205 includes one or more power conversion devices 230 to change the power output by the fuel cell 225 to a specific voltage, current, and phase. The power conversion device may be one or more blades that slide in and out of the hydrogen-driven generator. Each blade can include electrical components such as one or more of a transformer, an inverter, and a boost converter or a buck converter required to convert the power from the fuel cell, as well as a metering component for measuring the amount of power delivered. In some cases, the blade may be similar to a backplane that includes slots for the power conversion components and one or more processors for intelligently controlling the power conversion and delivery. The power conversion device 230 can be configured so that the blades can easily slide in and out of the power conversion device to meet various power requirements. When the conversion device changes the power, the output power is delivered to one or more output receptacles 235.

[0025]

[0029] Next, referring to FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6, another exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen-driven generator is shown. FIG. 3 provides a front external view of an exemplary hydrogen-driven generator 305. FIG. 4 shows a partial cutaway view showing the internal components of the hydrogen-driven generator 305. In FIG. 5, the front panel of the generator has been removed to show further internal portions. In FIG. 6, the top of the generator has been removed, showing an internal view of the top of the generator. The hydrogen-driven generator 305 includes a storage assembly 310, a fuel cell 325, one or more power conversion devices 330, and an output receptacle 335.

[0026]

[0030] The storage assembly 310 includes four trays 314, and a plurality of hydrogen storage units 316 are installed in each tray. In a particular embodiment, one of the side panels of the generator can be opened, and the tray 314 can slide out of the generator to facilitate maintenance or replacement of the storage unit 316. In the example of generator 305, each tray 314 holds thirty cylindrical hydrogen storage units 316. Each of the hydrogen storage units 316 includes a port at the top of the unit, through which hydrogen can be injected into and released from the storage unit. As shown in FIG. 6, each port at the top of the hydrogen storage unit 316 can be connected to a hydrogen conduit 318. One end of the hydrogen conduit 318 can be coupled to the fuel cell 325 to supply hydrogen and generate electricity. The opposite end of the hydrogen conduit 318 can be coupled to a hydrogen filling port 312 disposed on the outer surface of the generator 305. The hydrogen filling port 312 allows for pumping of fresh hydrogen gas into the storage unit 316 when the hydrogen in the storage unit 316 is depleted. In a particular embodiment, a gauge can be disposed on the outer surface of the generator to indicate the amount of hydrogen pumped into the storage unit 316 and the amount of hydrogen consumed from the storage unit 316. It should be understood that the configurations of the tray 314, the hydrogen storage unit 316, and the hydrogen conduit 318 shown in FIGS. 3 - 6 are one example, and in alternative embodiments, these components can have other shapes and configurations.

[0027]

[0031] As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the fuel cell 325 can be stacked adjacent to the tray 314 and the storage unit 316. Although not seen in FIGS. 5 and 6, an exemplary generator 305 has four fuel cells 325 stacked on top of each other, with one fuel cell corresponding to each of the four trays of the storage unit 316. In other embodiments, the width of the tray may be extended and the fuel cells may be installed in each tray. The fuel cell 325 combines hydrogen from the storage unit with oxygen to output electricity and water, as is known to those in the field of hydrogen fuel cells. The fuel cell typically includes a delivery valve system that controls the flow of hydrogen to the fuel cell, a safety valve used during pressure increases, and a power control device that controls the raw power output from the fuel cell. The raw power generated by the fuel cell is in the form of DC current. As one example, each fuel cell can generate raw power of 48 VDC. When the generator has multiple fuel cells, the raw power output of the fuel cells is configured in parallel such that the raw power output of one fuel cell or tray can be removed from the line for maintenance or replacement while the other fuel cells and trays continue to deliver power.

[0028]

[0032] The power conversion device 330 can receive raw power from the fuel cell 325 and convert the raw power into the type of output power required by the equipment connected to the generator 305. As shown in FIG. 4, the power conversion device 330 can include blades that house appropriate power conversion components such as a transformer, an inverter, and one or more of a boost converter or a buck converter required to convert the power from the fuel cell. In certain embodiments, the power conversion device 330 can include a plurality of blades, each providing a different output power to meet various requirements. The blades can be configured to slide easily inside and outside the side panel of the generator 305 so that they can be exchanged with other blades that provide other types of power when needed. The blades can be configured to have contacts that connect the blades to conductive tabs that electrically couple the blades to the fuel cell. Finally, the output power from the power conversion device 330 is made available at one or more output receptacles 335 disposed on the outer surface of the generator 305.

[0029]

[0033] Next, referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, another exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen-driven generator is shown. FIG. 7 shows the internal components of the hydrogen-driven generator 705 after the front panel has been removed. In FIG. 8, the top panel has been removed to provide a top view of the internal components of the hydrogen-driven generator 705. The hydrogen-driven generator 705 includes main components similar to those of the exemplary embodiments already described.

[0030]

[0034] As can be seen in the front view of FIG. 7, with respect to hydrogen storage, the hydrogen-driven generator 705 includes four trays 714 horizontally mounted within the generator. In certain embodiments, the side panels of the generator 705 may be opened and the trays can slide out of the generator for maintenance or replacement of one or more of the hydrogen storage units 716. In the examples of FIGS. 7 and 8, each tray holds four hydrogen storage units 71 and one of the fuel cells 725-1, 725-2, 725-3, 725-4. The hydrogen storage units 716 are different from the hydrogen storage units already described in that they are longer and are placed horizontally on each tray 714. The hydrogen storage units 716 have ports at each end of the unit for hydrogen injection and release. In certain embodiments, the ports may be configured with a one-way valve such that the port at one end is configured to inject hydrogen into the storage unit while the port at the opposite end is configured to release hydrogen from the storage unit. In other embodiments, the ports may be two-way ports that allow hydrogen to flow in and out of the storage unit.

[0031]

[0035] An exemplary hydrogen storage unit 716 is cylindrical in shape and houses a plurality of internal chambers to maximize the hydrogen storage capacity. As shown by an internal view of one of the storage units in FIG. 8, each of the internal chambers has a cylindrical partition that defines an inner cavity inside and an outer cavity between the outer surface of the partition wall and the inner surface of the cylinder wall. The outer cavity houses a metal alloy material that absorbs and adsorbs hydrogen gas for storage. More detailed examples of the cylindrical hydrogen storage unit are shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.

[0032]

[0036] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, each tray can have a hydrogen conduit 718 coupled to each port at the opposing ends of the hydrogen storage unit 716. One end of the hydrogen conduit 718 can be coupled to a fuel cell on each tray to supply hydrogen and generate electricity. Each hydrogen conduit 718 on each tray can also be connected to a hydrogen filling port 712 disposed on the outer surface of the generator 705. The hydrogen filling port 712 enables pumping of fresh hydrogen gas into the storage unit 716 when the hydrogen in the storage unit 716 is depleted. Thus, fresh hydrogen gas can be pumped into the hydrogen filling port 712, pass through the hydrogen conduit 718, and enter the port of the storage unit 716. When the fuel cell is operating, the hydrogen conduit 718 delivers hydrogen from the port of the storage unit 716 to the fuel cell.

[0033]

[0037] In certain embodiments, a gauge can be disposed on the outer surface of the generator to indicate the amount of hydrogen pumped into the storage unit 716 and the amount of hydrogen consumed from the storage unit 716. It should be understood that the configuration of the tray 714, the hydrogen storage unit 716, and the hydrogen conduit 718 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is one example, and in alternative embodiments, these components can have other shapes and configurations.

[0034]

[0038] Each of the fuel cells 725-1, 725-2, 725-3, and 725-4 can receive hydrogen from the hydrogen storage unit 716 on its respective tray via the hydrogen conduit 718. As already described, the fuel cell combines hydrogen from the storage unit with oxygen to output electricity and water, as is known to those in the field of hydrogen fuel cells. Each fuel cell typically includes a delivery valve system that controls the flow of hydrogen from the storage unit to the fuel cell, a safety valve used during pressure increases, and a power control device that controls the raw power output from the fuel cell. The raw power generated by the fuel cell is in the form of a DC current. As one example, each fuel cell can generate a raw power of 48 DVC. The four fuel cells of the exemplary generator in FIG. 7 are configured in parallel such that one fuel cell or tray can be removed from the line for maintenance or replacement while the other fuel cells and trays continue to deliver power.

[0035]

[0039] The power conversion device 730 can receive raw power from the fuel cell and convert the raw power into the type of output power required by the equipment connected to the generator 705. As shown in FIG. 7, the power conversion device 730 can include a plurality of blades each housing appropriate power conversion components such as one or more of a transformer, an inverter, and a boost converter or a buck converter required to convert the power from the fuel cell. Each of the blades can provide a different output power to meet various requirements. The blades can be configured to slide easily inside and outside the power conversion device 730 so that they can be exchanged with other blades that provide other types of power when needed. The blades may be configured to have contacts, and the contacts are connected to conductive tabs 740 that electrically couple the blades to the fuel cell. Finally, the output power from the power conversion device 730 is made available at one or more output receptacles disposed on the outer surface of the generator 705.

[0036]

[0040] Regarding the output power, as an example, each of the hydrogen storage units 716 can store approximately 2 kilograms of hydrogen. Thus, in the case of the four cylindrical storage units 716 on each tray 714, each tray 714 can accommodate 8 kilograms of hydrogen, thereby providing a storage capacity of 266 kWh per tray and a total storage capacity of 1,064 kWh for the four trays. Assuming that the fuel cell operates at 50% efficiency, the generator 705 can provide 532 kWh of power. In some examples, the generators can be grouped or stacked to obtain a larger amount of output power.

[0037]

[0041] Next, referring to FIG. 9, a perspective view of the exterior of an exemplary hydrogen storage unit 900 is shown. The hydrogen storage unit 900 is a representative example of the hydrogen storage units already described in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8. The hydrogen storage unit 900 has a length 910 and is generally rotationally symmetric about a central longitudinal axis 907. The hydrogen storage unit 900 includes a cylindrical cavity formed by a cylindrical container 901, a first end anvil 902, and a second end anvil 903. When the first end anvil 902 and the second end anvil 903 are attached to the cylindrical container 901, they form an enclosure for storing hydrogen or other gases. The first end anvil 902 and the second end anvil 903 include couplers 905 and 908 that can connect the hydrogen storage unit 900 to the hydrogen conduits already described or to other suitable equipment. Each coupler can include ports and valves for controlling the flow of hydrogen into and out of the gas storage unit 900. As an example, when filling the hydrogen storage unit 900 with hydrogen, the hydrogen can be pumped to one or both of the couplers 905, 908 at pressures ranging from 55 kPa (8 psi) to 2758 kPa (400 psi). One or both of the end anvils can be removably coupled to the cylindrical container 901 using fixtures such as bolts or other types of fastening devices. Additionally, the end anvils 902, 903 can also include shock absorbers 904 for protecting the gas storage unit 900 from impact. The container 901 is cylindrical and has an overall circular shape when a cross-section is taken perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 907 in the example of FIG. 9, although it should be understood that in alternative embodiments, the container can take other shapes such that the cross-section is elliptical or polygonal.

[0038]

[0042] Next, referring to FIG. 10, the gas storage unit 900 of FIG. 9 is shown in a cross-section along the central longitudinal axis 907. As seen in FIG. 10, the gas storage unit 900 includes four gas storage chambers - a first chamber 912, a second chamber 913, a third chamber 914, and a fourth chamber 915. In other embodiments, the gas storage unit may include fewer or more gas storage chambers. The gas storage chambers are separated by intermediate anvils and spacer disks. Each gas storage chamber includes a partition wall, which is described in more detail below. The following description provides details regarding the first chamber 912. It should be understood that the second, third, and fourth chambers are similar to the first chamber, and thus the description of the first chamber may also apply to the features of the second, third, and fourth chambers.

[0039]

[0043] As shown in FIG. 10, the first chamber 912 is defined by an end anvil 902, a first intermediate anvil 928, and the inner surface of the cylindrical container 901. A first spacer disk 924 is adjacent to the end anvil 902, and a second spacer disk 925 is adjacent to the first intermediate anvil 928. A partition wall 920 extends from the end anvil 902 and the first spacer disk 924 at one end of the first chamber 912 to the first intermediate anvil 928 and the second spacer disk 925 at the other end of the first chamber 912. An inner portion of the chamber, called the partition chamber 921, is defined by the inner surface of the partition wall and the anvils disposed at opposite ends of the partition wall. An outer portion of the chamber, called the metal alloy chamber 923, is in the shape of a ring and is defined by the outer surface of the partition wall, the inner surface of the cylindrical container, and the spacer disks disposed at opposite ends of the partition wall. The metal alloy material 922 is positioned between the outer surface of the partition wall and the inner surface of the cylindrical container 901 within the metal alloy chamber 923. In this way, the partition wall and the spacer disks hold the metal alloy in a predetermined position within each gas storage chamber.

[0040]

[0044] The metal alloy 922 is of the type that can absorb hydrogen to form a metal hydride. The metal alloy can include any combination of the following materials, namely nickel, tin, aluminum, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, titanium, antimony, and rare earth metals such as yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium. The metal alloy is typically a granular material that forms a porous composition and may include a binder. The metal alloy grains can have a D50 particle size ranging from 1.0 micron, or 1.5 microns, or 2.0 microns to 2.5 microns, or 3.0 microns, or 4.0 microns, or 5.0 microns. In one example, the D50 particle size of the metal alloy grains ranges from 1.5 microns to 2.0 microns. The term "D50" refers to the median diameter of the metal alloy grains such that 50% of the stated particle diameter exceeds the sample weight.

[0041]

[0045] Upon each filling and discharging of the gas storage unit, hydrogen can flow between the coupler 905 and the metal alloy 922. Considering, as an example, the filling of the gas storage unit 900, hydrogen gas enters the cylindrical container 901 through the coupler 905, enters the partition chamber 921, passes through the anvil channels of each intermediate anvil, and can flow into the next partition chamber of the second, third, and fourth chambers. The flow of hydrogen between the partition chamber and the metal alloy can take one or more paths depending on the particular embodiment of the gas storage unit 900. In one exemplary embodiment, each partition includes a semi-permeable material that allows gaseous hydrogen to pass through the partition and travel between the partition chamber and the metal alloy chamber during the filling and discharging of the gas storage unit 900. Hydrogen gas passes through the semi-permeable membrane of each partition from the inner portion of the chamber and is stored in the metal alloy material within the outer portion of each chamber. Examples of the semi-permeable material of the partition include, but are not limited to, polymeric materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and composite materials.

[0042]

[0046] In another exemplary embodiment, hydrogen gas can pass between the partition chamber and the metal alloy chamber through one or more radial channels 927 disposed in the intermediate anvil. As shown in FIG. 10, each intermediate anvil includes an anvil channel such as an anvil channel 929 that extends along the longitudinal axis 907 of the gas storage unit. Further, each intermediate anvil can include one or more radial channels 927 that provide a passage for hydrogen gas to flow between the anvil channel and the metal alloy chamber. Although not seen in FIG. 10, a filter within or adjacent to the radial channel can allow the flow of hydrogen gas while preventing the metal alloy material from escaping from the radial channel.

[0043]

[0047] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the intermediate anvil and the spacer disk can include one or more ports that allow the flow of hydrogen between the partition chamber and the metal alloy chamber. Further, other exemplary embodiments can include combinations of the foregoing examples, such as embodiments that include both a hydrogen permeable membrane and radial channels within the intermediate anvil such that there are two or more paths for hydrogen to flow within each chamber.

[0044]

[0048] When hydrogen gas is absorbed by the metal alloy material, it can be stored in a stable and reliable manner. When hydrogen gas is discharged from the gas storage unit 100, it can flow from the metal alloy material in each chamber into the partition chamber through one of the paths already described, and then out of the partition chamber through the channels passing through each anvil.

[0045]

[0049] Referring to the first gas storage chamber 912, the partition wall 920 is held at a predetermined position between the end anvil 902 and the first intermediate anvil 928. The first disk spacer 924 is disposed on the inner surface of the end anvil 902 to further fix one end of the partition wall 920. At the opposite end of the first gas storage chamber 912, a second disk spacer 925 surrounds the first intermediate anvil 928 and fixes the opposite end of the partition wall 920. Each of the second chamber 913, the third chamber 914, and the fourth chamber 915 has an arrangement similar to that of the first gas storage chamber 912.

[0046]

[0050] Examples of suitable materials for the cylindrical container 901, end anvils 902, 903, intermediate anvil 928, and spacer disks 924, 925, 926 include metals, polymeric materials, nanomaterials, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable metals include aluminum, aluminum alloys, copper, steel, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable polymeric materials for the cylinder include carbon fiber, polyolefin, polycarbonate, acrylate, glass fiber, Ultem, and combinations thereof. The cylindrical container and its components may be a combination of a metal and a polymeric material, such as a metal liner thermosetting material in a polymeric resin.

[0047]

[0051] In one embodiment, the cylindrical container 901 is composed of a thermally conductive material. A metal alloy is packed in contact with the inner surface of the cylindrical container 901 to facilitate heat exchange. The thermally conductive material promotes heat dissipation (cooling) during filling of the gas storage unit with hydrogen and also promotes heating during discharge of hydrogen from the gas storage unit. In this way, the cylindrical container functions as a heat exchanger, eliminating the need for a separate heat exchanger and / or a separate cooling system. The structure and configuration of the gas storage unit advantageously enhance energy efficiency, ease of use, ease of manufacture, and weight reduction.

[0048]

[0052] For any device shown and described in this specification, one or more of the components may be omitted, added, repeated, and / or substituted. Accordingly, the embodiments shown in a particular figure should not be construed as being limited to the particular arrangement of components shown in such figure. Further, if a component of a figure is described but not explicitly shown or labeled in that figure, the label used for the corresponding component in another figure may be presumed for that component. Conversely, if a component in a figure is labeled but not described, the description of such component may be substantially the same as the description of the corresponding component in another figure.

[0049]

[0053] Referring generally to the examples in this specification, any component of the devices described herein can be made from a single unit (e.g., from a mold, an injection molding die, die casting, 3-D printing methods, extrusion methods, punching methods, or other prototyping methods, etc.). Further, or alternatively, the components of the device may be made from a plurality of parts that are mechanically coupled to each other. In such cases, the plurality of parts may be mechanically coupled to each other using one or more of a plurality of coupling methods including, but not limited to, epoxy, welding, fixing devices, compression fittings, meshing screws, and slotted fittings. One or more parts that are mechanically coupled to each other may be coupled to each other in one or more of a plurality of ways including, but not limited to, fixed joints, hinged joints, removable joints, slidable joints, and threaded joints.

[0050]

[0054] Terms such as "first", "second", "top", "bottom", "side", "distal", "proximal", and "within" are used only to distinguish one component (or a part of a component or a state of a component) from another. Such terms are not intended to imply priority or a particular orientation, nor are they intended to limit the embodiments described herein. In the exemplary embodiments described herein, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features are not described in detail to avoid unnecessarily complicating the description.

[0051]

[0055] Exemplary embodiments are described herein, but it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that various modifications are well within the scope of the present disclosure. It should be recognized by those skilled in the art that the exemplary embodiments described herein are not limited to any specific application discussed, and that the embodiments described herein are illustrative and not restrictive. From the description of the exemplary embodiments, equivalents of the elements shown therein will occur to those skilled in the art, and methods of constructing other embodiments using the present disclosure will occur to practitioners in the art. Accordingly, the scope of the exemplary embodiments is not limited herein.

Claims

1. At least one fuel cell; A power conversion device that receives raw power from the at least one fuel cell and outputs converted power; A hydrogen storage assembly that supplies hydrogen to the at least one fuel cell, the hydrogen storage assembly comprising a first hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell and a second hydrogen storage unit in fluid communication with the at least one fuel cell; A hydrogen-powered generator comprising the above.

2. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 1, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit are cylindrical and comprise a metal alloy material that absorbs and releases hydrogen gas.

3. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage assembly comprises a tray that slides outwards from the hydrogen-powered generator, and the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit are installed on the tray.

4. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 3, wherein the at least one fuel cell is installed on the tray.

5. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 1, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit each have a port for injecting hydrogen into and releasing hydrogen from the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit.

6. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 1, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit are each subdivided into a plurality of chambers, and each of the plurality of chambers comprises a metal alloy material that absorbs and releases hydrogen gas.

7. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 6, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit each comprise an inlet port and an outlet port at opposite ends of the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit.

8. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 7, wherein the inlet port is coupled to a hydrogen filling port by a hydrogen conduit, and the outlet port is coupled to the at least one fuel cell by the hydrogen conduit.

9. The hydrogen-powered generator according to claim 8, wherein the first hydrogen storage unit and the second hydrogen storage unit each store at least 2 kilograms of hydrogen.

10. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage assembly stores an amount of hydrogen sufficient to output energy between 250 kilowatt-hours and 2 megawatt-hours.

11. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 1, wherein the power conversion device includes a first blade that applies a first conversion to the raw power to output a first converted power, and a second blade that applies a second conversion to the raw power to output a second converted power.

12. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 11, wherein the first blade is connected to a first pair of tabs electrically coupled to the at least one fuel cell, and the second blade is connected to a second pair of tabs electrically coupled to the at least one fuel cell.

13. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 11, wherein the power conversion device is configured for removal of at least one of the first blade and the second blade and replacement with at least one of a third blade and a fourth blade.

14. A first tray including a first fuel cell and a first plurality of hydrogen storage units; A second tray including a second fuel cell and a second plurality of hydrogen storage units; A power conversion device that receives raw power from at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell and outputs converted power; A hydrogen-driven generator comprising the above.

15. A third tray including a third fuel cell and a third plurality of hydrogen storage units; A fourth tray including a fourth fuel cell and a fourth plurality of hydrogen storage units; The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 14, further comprising the above.

16. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 14, wherein each of the hydrogen storage units stores at least 2 kilograms of hydrogen.

17. The first tray includes a sliding mechanism configured to slide the first tray out of the hydrogen-driven generator; The second tray includes a sliding mechanism configured to slide the second tray out of the hydrogen-driven generator. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 14.

18. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 14, wherein the power conversion device includes a first blade configured to output a first converted power, and a second blade configured to output a second converted power.

19. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 18, wherein the first blade is connected to a pair of first tabs electrically coupled to at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell, and the second blade is connected to a pair of second tabs electrically coupled to at least one of the first fuel cell and the second fuel cell.

20. The hydrogen-driven generator according to claim 18, wherein the power conversion device is configured for removal of at least one of the first blade and the second blade and replacement with at least one of a third blade and a fourth blade.

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