Fixed abrasive for gear power honing

Abstract

This application relates to a fixed abrasive for gear power honing. The abrasive article includes a fixed abrasive body having abrasive particles and a bond material. The abrasive body may include an inner annular surface having at least one tooth. The abrasive article can provide an average Ffβ of less than 2.0 in a gear power honing test.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates generally to abrasive articles, and more particularly to fixed abrasive articles designed for gear power honing. [Background technology]

[0002] Abrasives used in machining applications typically include bonded abrasives and coated abrasives. Bonded abrasives generally have a bond matrix containing abrasive particles. Bonded abrasives can be mounted on suitable machining equipment and used in a variety of applications, such as shaping, grinding, polishing, and cutting. The industry continues to demand improved abrasive tools to meet gear grinding needs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one embodiment, the present application provides an abrasive article comprising: a body comprising an inner annular surface having at least one tooth, a bond material comprising an inorganic material, and abrasive particles contained in the bond material; and an average Ffβ of 2.0 or less according to a Gear Power Honing Test.

[0004] In another embodiment, the present application also provides a method of making an abrasive article according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising providing a mixture of abrasive particles and a bond material precursor, pressing the mixture into a green body, and firing the green body to form a fully formed abrasive article.

[0005] In yet another embodiment, the present application further provides a method of abrading a workpiece using the abrasive article of any one of claims 1 to 81, the method comprising gear power honing. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0006] The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1]1 includes a flow diagram for forming an abrasive article according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A] 1 includes a perspective view of an abrasive article according to one embodiment. [Figure 2B] 1 includes a perspective view of an abrasive article according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] Examples of multimodal particle size distributions include: [Figure 4A] 1 includes an SEM image of the bond microstructure of an abrasive article according to one embodiment. [Figure 4B] Includes SEM images of the bond microstructure of polished pieces from commercial samples. [Figure 4C] Includes SEM images of the bond microstructure of polished pieces from commercial samples. [Figure 5] Included are cumulative bond post size distributions for various embodiments, comparative samples, and commercial samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The following is generally directed to fixed abrasive articles suitable for use in material removal operations: Fixed abrasive articles can be used for gear power honing.

[0008] References herein to a fixed abrasive article include references to a three-dimensional volume of abrasive material with abrasive particles contained within a volume of bond material. Fixed abrasive articles may differ from coated abrasive articles, which may use a single layer of abrasive particles contained within a layer of bond or adhesive material. Furthermore, fixed abrasive articles of some embodiments herein may include some porosity within the three-dimensional volume of the bond material.

[0009] 1 includes a flow diagram for forming an abrasive article according to one embodiment. As shown, the process for forming an abrasive article can begin in step 101 by forming a mixture including a bond precursor material. The mixture can be a slurry having multiple components uniformly mixed therein.

[0010] The bond material precursor may have a particular composition that may facilitate improved performance or manufacturing of the abrasive article.

[0011] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have an Al2O3 content of at least 18 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, or at least 22 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have an Al2O3 content of 36 wt% or less, or 33 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 27 wt% or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the Al2O3 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0012] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a SiO content of at least 38 wt%, or at least 40 wt%, or at least 42 wt%, or at least 45 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a SiO content of 55 wt% or less relative to the total bond material content. It will be understood that the SiO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a B2O3 content of at least 10 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a B2O3 content of 18 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the B2O3 content may be between any of the above minimum and maximum values.

[0014] In an embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a BaO content of 0.6 wt. % or less, or 0.4 wt. % or less, or 0.2 wt. % or less, or 0.1 wt. % or less, or 0.05 wt. % or less, or 0.03 wt. % or less, relative to the total bond material content.

[0015] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a CaO content of at least 0.3 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a CaO content of 2 wt. % or less, or 1.5 wt. % or less, or 1 wt. % or less, or 0.5 wt. % or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the CaO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0016] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a CoO content of less than or equal to 0.7 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0017] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a Cr2O3 content of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0018] In an embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a content of Fe2O3 of 0.8 wt. % or less, or 0.7 wt. % or less, relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0019] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a CuO content of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0020] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a content of HfO2 of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0021] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a KO content of at least 0.5 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a KO content of 2 wt. % or less, or 1 wt. % or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the KO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0022] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a La2O2 content of at least 1.3 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a La2O2 content of 2.0 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the La2O2 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0023] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a LiO content of at least 0.2 wt%, or at least 0.5 wt%, or at least 0.7 wt%, or at least 0.9 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have a LiO content of 3 wt% or less, or 2.5 wt% or less, or 2.0 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less, or 1.1 wt% or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the LiO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above.

[0024] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have an MgO content of at least 0.5 wt. % or at least 0.7 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may have an MgO content of 1.5 wt. % or less, or 1.0 wt. % or less, relative to the total bond material content. It will be understood that the MgO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0025] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a MnO content of 0.05 wt. % or less. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a MnO content of 0.02 wt. % or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the MnO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0026] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a Na2O content of at least 4 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a Na2O content of 12 wt% or less, or 9 wt% or less, or 6 wt% or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the Na2O content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0027] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a content of NiO of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0028] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a content of SrO of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0029] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a TiO2 content of at least 0.2 wt. % and not more than 0.8 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0030] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a V2O5 content of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0031] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a Y2O3 content of at least 0.4 wt. % and not more than 1.0 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0032] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a ZnO content of less than or equal to 0.2 wt. % relative to the total bond material content.

[0033] In one embodiment, the bond material precursor may include a content of ZrO2 of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the bond precursor material may be added in a specific content. For example, the mixture may comprise at least 1% by volume, for example, at least 2% by volume, or at least 3% by volume, or at least 4% by volume, or at least 5% by volume, or at least 6% by volume, or at least 7% by volume, or at least 8% by volume, or at least 9% by volume, or at least 10% by volume, or at least 12% by volume, or at least 14% by volume, or at least 16% by volume, or at least 18% by volume, or at least 20% by volume, or at least 22% by volume, or at least 24% by volume, or at least 26% by volume, or at least 28% by volume, or at least 30% by volume, or at least 32% by volume, or at least 34% by volume, or at least 36% by volume, or at least 38% by volume, or at least 40% by volume of the bond precursor material relative to the total volume of the mixture. In another embodiment, the mixture may comprise at least 1 wt. % bond precursor material, based on the total weight of the mixture, such as at least 2 wt. %, or at least 3 wt. %, or at least 4 wt. %, or at least 5 wt. %, or at least 6 wt. %, or at least 7 wt. %, or at least 8 wt. %, or at least 9 wt. %, or at least 10 wt. %, or at least 12 wt. %, or at least 14 wt. %, or at least 16 wt. %, or at least 18 wt. %, or at least 20 wt. %, or at least 22 wt. %, or at least 24 wt. %, or at least 26 wt. %, or at least 28 wt. %, or at least 30 wt. %, or at least 32 wt. %, or at least 34 wt. %, or at least 36 wt. %, or at least 38 wt. %, or at least 40 wt. % bond precursor material. Further, in one non-limiting embodiment, the mixture can include 40% or less by volume of bond precursor material, e.g., 38% or less, or 35% or less, or 32% or less, or 30% or less, or 28% or less, or 25% or less, or 22% or less, or 20% or less, or 18% or less, or 15% or less by volume, based on the total volume of the mixture.In another non-limiting embodiment, the mixture can include 40 wt% or less of bond precursor material, for example, 38 wt% or less, or 35 wt% or less, or 32 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 28 wt% or less, or 25 wt% or less, or 22 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less, or 18 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, based on the total weight of the mixture. The mixture can include an amount of bond precursor material content within a range including any of the above minimum and maximum percentages.

[0035] The mixture may further include abrasive particles configured to form the abrasive component of the final formed abrasive article. The abrasive particles may be added to the mixture at various times, such as after the addition of the bond precursor material to the mixture. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the abrasive particles may be added in combination with one or more of the other components in the mixture, including, but not limited to, a gelling agent, a bond precursor material, or one or more additives. The abrasive particles may include materials from the group consisting of oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, amorphous, single crystal, polycrystalline, superabrasive, diamond, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, at least one material is from the group consisting of alumina, silica, zirconia, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles may include or consist essentially of alumina. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles include at least one of fused alumina, unseeded alumina, seeded sol-gel alumina, and alumina having one or more magnetoplumbite-containing phases. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include doped alumina. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include La or MgO, or a combination thereof.

[0036] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include at least one of non-shaped particles (eg, crushed particles), shaped particles, agglomerated particles, and non-agglomerated particles.

[0037] The mixture may include a specific content of abrasive particles to facilitate improved manufacturing and / or performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one embodiment, the mixture may include at least 20 volume %, e.g., at least 25 volume %, or at least 30 volume %, or at least 35 volume %, or at least 40 volume %, or at least 45 volume %, or at least 50 volume %, or at least 55 volume %, or at least 60 volume %, or at least 65 volume %, or at least 70 volume %, or at least 75 volume %, or at least 80 volume % abrasive particles, based on the total volume of the mixture. In one embodiment, the mixture may include at least 20 weight %, e.g., at least 25 weight %, or at least 30 weight %, or at least 35 weight %, or at least 40 weight %, or at least 45 weight %, or at least 50 weight %, or at least 55 weight %, or at least 60 weight %, or at least 65 weight %, or at least 70 weight %, or at least 75 weight %, or at least 80 weight % abrasive particles, based on the total weight of the mixture. In another non-limiting embodiment, the mixture can include 80% by weight or less, e.g., 75% by weight or less, or 70% by weight or less, or 65% by weight or less, or 60% by weight or less, or 55% by weight or less, or 50% by weight or less, or 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less, or 35% by weight or less, or 30% by weight or less, or 25% by weight or less, of abrasive particles, based on the total weight of the mixture. In another non-limiting embodiment, the mixture can include 80% by weight or less, e.g., 75% by weight or less, or 70% by weight or less, or 65% by weight or less, or 60% by weight or less, or 55% by weight or less, or 50% by weight or less, or 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less, or 35% by weight or less, or 30% by weight or less, or 25% by weight or less, of abrasive particles, based on the total weight of the mixture. The mixture can include an amount of abrasive particles within a range including any of the above minimum and maximum percentages.

[0038] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains, the crystalline domains having an average domain size, by uncorrected intercept, of 8 microns or less, or 7 microns or less, or 6 microns or less, or 5 microns or less, or 4 microns or less, or 3 microns or less, or 2 microns or less, or 1 micron or less, or 0.5 microns or less, or 0.3 microns or less. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains having an average domain size of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.75 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 3.5 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 4.5 microns, or at least 5 microns. It will be understood that the average crystalline domain size may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​recited above.

[0039] The mixture may include a specific ratio of abrasive particle to bond content (APv / ABv) that may facilitate improved abrasive article performance and / or manufacturing. In one embodiment, APv / ABv may be at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 1.6, or at least 1.7, or at least 1.8, or at least 1.9, or at least 2.0, or at least 2.1, or at least 2.2, or at least 2.3, or at least 2.4, or at least 2.5, or at least 2.6. In one embodiment, APv / ABv can be 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.9 or less, or 3.8 or less, or 3.7 or less, or 3.6 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.4 or less, or 3.3 or less, or 3.2 or less, or 3.1 or less, or 3.0 or less. It will be understood that APv / ABv can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0040] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a multimodal particle size distribution. An exemplary particle size distribution can be found in Figure 3. The multimodal particle size distribution may have a fine mode and a coarse mode, and a midpoint equal to the average of the particle sizes corresponding to the fine mode and the coarse mode.

[0041] In one embodiment, the coarse mode may correspond to a particular grain size, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the coarse mode may be at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns. In one embodiment, the coarse mode can be 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less, or 150 microns or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less. It will be appreciated that the coarse mode can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0042] In one embodiment, the fine mode can correspond to a particular grain size, which can facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the fine mode can be at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 5 microns, or at least 6 microns, or at least 7 microns, or at least 8 microns, or at least 9 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 11 microns, or at least 12 microns, or at least 13 microns, or at least 14 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 16 microns, or at least 17 microns, or at least 18 microns, or at least 19 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 21 microns, or at least 22 microns, or at least 23 microns, or at least 24 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 26 microns, or at least 27 microns, or at least 28 microns. In one embodiment, a fine mode can be 80 microns or less, or 78 microns or less, or 76 microns or less, or 74 microns or less, or 72 microns or less, or 70 microns or less, or 68 microns or less, or 66 microns or less, or 64 microns or less, or 62 microns or less, or 60 microns or less, or 58 microns or less, or 56 microns or less, or 54 microns or less, or 52 microns or less, or 50 microns or less, or 48 microns or less, or 46 microns or less, or 44 microns or less, or 42 microns or less, or 40 microns or less, or 38 microns or less, or 36 microns or less, or 34 microns or less, or 32 microns or less, or 30 microns or less. It will be understood that a fine mode can be between any of the above minimum and maximum values.

[0043] In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can correspond to a particular grain size, which can facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns. In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less, or 150 microns or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less. It will be understood that the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0044] In one embodiment, the multimodal particle size distribution can include a volume percent ratio [Vc / Vf], where Vc represents the volume percent of coarse abrasive particles having a size above the average of the fine and coarse modes, and Vf represents the volume percent of abrasive particles having a size below the average of the fine and coarse modes. In one embodiment, [Vc / Vf] can be at least 0.5, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.9, or at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5, or at least 6, or at least 7, or at least 8. In one embodiment, [Vc / Vf] can be 100 or less, or 75 or less, or 50 or less, or 40 or less, or 30 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less, or 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less.

[0045] After mixing, the mixture can be shaped and pressed to form a green abrasive body. In one embodiment, the mixture can be pressed with a specific amount of force, which can facilitate improved abrasive article performance and / or manufacturing. In one embodiment, the pressing force can be at least 300 tons, or at least 310 tons, or at least 320 tons, or at least 330 tons, or at least 340 tons, or at least 350 tons, or at least 360 tons, or at least 370 tons, or at least 380 tons, or at least 390 tons, or at least 400 tons, or at least 410 tons, or at least 420 tons, or at least 430 tons, or at least 440 tons, or at least 450 tons, or at least 460 tons, or at least 470 tons, or at least 480 tons, or at least 490 tons, or at least 500 tons. In one embodiment, the press force may be 1000 tons or less, or 950 microns or less, or 900 tons or less, or 850 tons or less, or 800 tons or less, or 750 tons or less, or 700 tons or less, or 650 tons or less, or 600 tons or less, or 550 tons or less, or 500 tons or less, or 450 tons or less, or 400 tons or less, or 350 tons or less. It will be understood that the press force may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above.

[0046] In one embodiment, the mixture can be pressed at a specific pressure, which can facilitate improved abrasive article performance and / or manufacturing. In one embodiment, the pressing force can be at least 90 MPa, or at least 95 MPa, or at least 100 MPa, or at least 105 MPa, or at least 110 MPa. In one embodiment, the pressing force can be 200 MPa or less, or 195 MPa or less, or 190 MPa or less, or 185 MPa or less, or 180 MPa or less.

[0047] After pressing, the green body can be dried under controlled humidity. Drying can be performed at a specific humidity, which can facilitate improved abrasive article performance and / or manufacturing. In one embodiment, drying can be performed at a humidity of at least 30%, or at least 32%, or at least 34%, or at least 36%, or at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 42%, or at least 44%, or at least 46%, or at least 48%, or at least 50%, or at least 52%, or at least 54%, or at least 56%, or at least 58%, or at least 60%. In one embodiment, drying may be performed at 60% humidity or less, or 58% humidity or less, or 56% humidity or less, or 54% humidity or less, or 52% humidity or less, or 50% humidity or less, or 48% humidity or less, or 46% humidity or less, or 44% humidity or less, or 42% humidity or less, or 40% humidity or less, or 38% humidity or less, or 36% humidity or less, or 34% humidity or less, or 32% humidity or less, or 30% humidity or less. It will be understood that the drying humidity may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0048] Drying can be carried out at a particular temperature, which can facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the drying temperature can be at least 40°C, at least 41°C, or at least 42°C, or at least 43°C, or at least 44°C, or at least 45°C, or at least 46°C, or at least 47°C, or at least 48°C, or at least 49°C, or at least 50°C, or at least 51°C, or at least 52°C, or at least 53°C, or at least 54°C, or at least 55°C, or at least 56°C, or at least 57°C, or at least 58°C, or at least 59°C, or at least 60°C. In one embodiment, the drying temperature can be 80° C. or less, or 79° C. or less, or 78° C. or less, or 77° C. or less, or 76° C. or less, or 75° C. or less, or 74° C. or less, or 73° C. or less, or 72° C. or less, or 71° C. or less, or 70° C. or less, or 69° C. or less, or 68° C. or less, or 67° C. or less, or 66° C. or less, or 65° C. or less, or 64° C. or less, or 63° C. or less, or 62° C. or less, or 61° C. or less, or 60° C. or less, or 59° C. or less, or 58° C. or less, or 57° C. or less, or 56° C. or less, or 55° C. or less, or 54° C. or less, or 53° C. or less, or 52° C. or less, or 51° C. or less, or 50° C. It will be understood that the drying temperature can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​recited above.

[0049] After drying, the green body is fired to form a fully formed abrasive article. In one embodiment, the green body may be fired at a particular temperature, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the firing temperature can be at least 800°C, or at least 810°C, or at least 820°C, or at least 830°C, or at least 840°C, or at least 850°C, or at least 860°C, or at least 870°C, or at least 880°C, or at least 890°C, or at least 900°C, or at least 905°C, or at least 910°C, or at least 915°C, or at least 920°C, or at least 925°C, or at least 930°C, or at least 935°C, or at least 940°C, or at least 45°C, or at least 950°C, or at least 955°C, or at least 960°C, or at least 965°C, or at least 970°C, or at least 975°C, or at least 980°C, or at least 995°C, or at least 1000°C.In one embodiment, the firing temperature is 1300°C or less, or 1290°C or less, or 1280°C or less, or 1270°C or less, or 1260°C or less, or 1250°C or less, or 1240°C or less, or 1230°C or less, or 1220°C or less, or 1210°C or less, or 1200°C or less, or 1190°C or less, or 1180°C or less, or 1170°C or less, or 1160°C or less, or 1150°C or less, or 1140°C or less, or 1130°C or less, or 1120°C or less, or 1110°C or less, or 1100°C or less, or 1090°C or less, or 1080°C or less, or 1070°C or less, or 1060°C or less, or 1050°C or less, or 1040°C or less, or 1030°C or less, or 1020°C or less. °C or less, or 1010°C or less, or 1000°C or less, or 995°C or less, or 990°C or less, or 985°C or less, or 980°C or less, or 75°C or less, or 970°C or less, or 965°C or less, or 960°C or less, or 955°C or less, or 950°C or less, or 945°C or less, or 940°C or less, or 35°C or less, or 930°C or less, or 925°C or less, or 920°C or less, or 915°C or less, or 910°C or less, or 905°C or less, or 900°C or less, or 890°C or less, or 880°C or less, or 870°C or less, or 860°C or less, or 850°C or less, or 840°C or less, or 830°C or less, or 820°C or less, or 810°C or less, or 800°C or less. It will be understood that the firing temperature can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above.

[0050] The final formed abrasive article may be a fixed abrasive body defining an interconnected network of bond material containing abrasive particles within a three-dimensional volume (i.e., matrix) of the bond material. Additionally, the fixed abrasive body may have a quantity of porosity distributed throughout the body that defines a phase distinct from the phase of the bond material and abrasive particles.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the bond material can include a material configured to form the bond material of the final formed abrasive article. In one embodiment, the bond material can include an inorganic material such as, but not limited to, a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, a glassy material, or a frit material, or any combination thereof. The bond material can include an inorganic material in an amorphous phase, a polycrystalline phase, a single crystalline phase, or any combination thereof.

[0052] The bond material may have a specific composition that may facilitate improved abrasive article performance or manufacturing. In one embodiment, the bond material may have an Al2O3 content of at least 18 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, or at least 22 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material may have an Al2O3 content of 36 wt% or less, or 33 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 27 wt% or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the Al2O3 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0053] In one embodiment, the bond material may have a SiO2 content of at least 38 wt%, or at least 40 wt%, or at least 42 wt%, or at least 45 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material may have a SiO2 content of 55 wt% or less relative to the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the SiO2 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0054] In one embodiment, the bond material may have a B2O3 content of at least 10 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material may have a B2O3 content of 18 wt% or less, or 15 wt% or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the B2O3 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0055] In an embodiment, the bond material may have a BaO content of 0.6 wt. % or less, or 0.4 wt. % or less, or 0.2 wt. % or less, or 0.1 wt. % or less, or 0.05 wt. % or less, or 0.03 wt. % or less, relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0056] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a CaO content of at least 0.3 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material may include a CaO content of 2 wt. % or less, or 1.5 wt. % or less, or 1 wt. % or less, or 0.5 wt. % or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the CaO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0057] In one embodiment, the bond material may have a CoO content of less than or equal to 0.7 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0058] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a Cr2O3 content of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0059] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a content of Fe2O3 of 0.8 wt. % or less, or 0.7 wt. % or less, relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0060] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a CuO content of less than or equal to 0.01% by weight relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0061] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a content of HfO2 of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0062] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a KO content of at least 0.5 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material may include a KO content of 2 wt. % or less, or 1 wt. % or less, based on the total bond material content. It will be understood that the KO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0063] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a La2O2 content of at least 1.3 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material may include a La2O2 content of 2.0 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the La2O2 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0064] In one embodiment, the bond material may have a LiO content of at least 0.2 wt%, or at least 0.5 wt%, or at least 0.7 wt%, or at least 0.9 wt%. In one embodiment, the bond material may have a LiO content of 3 wt% or less, or 2.5 wt% or less, or 2.0 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less, or 1.1 wt% or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the LiO content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above.

[0065] In one embodiment, the bond material may have an MgO content of at least 0.5 wt. % or at least 0.7 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material may have an MgO content of 1.5 wt. % or less, or 1.0 wt. % or less, relative to the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the MgO content may be between any of the above minimum and maximum values.

[0066] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a MnO2 content of 0.05 wt. % or less. In one embodiment, the bond material may include a MnO2 content of 0.02 wt. % or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the MnO2 content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0067] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a Na2O content of at least 4 wt. %. In one embodiment, the bond material may include a Na2O content of 12 wt. % or less, or 9 wt. % or less, or 6 wt. % or less, based on the total content of the bond material. It will be understood that the Na2O content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0068] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a content of NiO of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0069] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a content of SrO of less than or equal to 0.02% by weight relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0070] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a TiO2 content of at least 0.2 wt. % and not more than 0.8 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0071] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a V2O5 content of less than or equal to 0.02 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0072] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a Y2O3 content of at least 0.4 wt. % and not more than 1.0 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0073] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a ZnO content of less than or equal to 0.2 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0074] In one embodiment, the bond material may include a content of ZrO2 of less than or equal to 0.01 wt. % relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the bond material can be added at a specific content. For example, in one embodiment, the abrasive article can include at least 1 vol% of bond material relative to the total volume of the body, or at least 2 vol%, or at least 3 vol%, or at least 4 vol%, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 6 vol%, or at least 7 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 9 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 11 vol%, or at least 12 vol%, or at least 13 vol%, or at least 14 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 16 vol%, or at least 17 vol%, or at least 18 vol%, or at least 19 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 22 vol%, or at least 24 vol%, or at least 26 vol%, or at least 28 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 32 vol%, or at least 34 vol%, or at least 36 vol%, or at least 38 vol%, or at least 40 vol% of bond material relative to the total volume of the body.In one embodiment, the abrasive article may comprise at least 1 wt% bond material based on the total weight of the body, or at least 2 wt%, or at least 3 wt%, or at least 4 wt%, or at least 5 wt%, or at least 6 wt%, or at least 7 wt%, or at least 8 wt%, or at least 9 wt%, or at least 10 wt%, or at least 11 wt%, or at least 12 wt%, or at least 13 wt%, or at least 14 wt%, or at least 15 wt%, or at least 16 wt%, or at least 17 wt%, or at least 18 wt%, or at least 19 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, or at least 22 wt%, or at least 24 wt%, or at least 26 wt%, or at least 28 wt%, or at least 30 wt%, or at least 32 wt%, or at least 34 wt%, or at least 36 wt%, or at least 38 wt%, or at least 40 wt% bond material based on the total weight of the body. Further, in one non-limiting embodiment, the abrasive article can include 50% or less by volume of bond material relative to the total volume of the body, or 48% or less by volume, or 46% or less by volume, or 44% or less by volume, or 42% or less by volume, or 40% or less by volume, or 38% or less by volume, or 36% or less by volume, or 34% or less by volume, or 32% or less by volume, or 30% or less by volume, or 28% or less by volume, or 26% or less by volume, or 24% or less by volume, or 22% or less by volume, or 20% or less by volume of bond material relative to the total volume of the body. In one non-limiting embodiment, the abrasive article can include 50% or less by weight of bond material, based on the total weight of the body, or 48% or less by weight, or 46% or less, or 44% or less, or 42% or less, or 40% or less, or 38% or less, or 36% or less, or 34% or less, or 32% or less, or 30% or less, or 28% or less, or 26% or less, or 24% or less, or 22% or less, or 20% or less by weight of bond material, based on the total weight of the body.The abrasive article may contain an amount of bond material within a range including any of the minimum and maximum percentages listed above.

[0076] The abrasive article may further include abrasive particles configured to form the abrasive component of the final abrasive article. The abrasive particles may be added to the abrasive article at various times, such as after the addition of the bond material to the abrasive article. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the abrasive particles may be added in combination with one or more of the other components in the abrasive article, including, but not limited to, a gelling agent, a bond material, or one or more additives. The abrasive particles may include materials from the group consisting of oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, amorphous, single crystal, polycrystalline, superabrasive, diamond, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, at least one material is from the group consisting of alumina, silica, zirconia, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the abrasive particles may include or consist essentially of alumina. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles include at least one of fused alumina, unseeded alumina, seeded sol-gel alumina, and alumina having one or more magnetoplumbite-containing phases. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include doped alumina. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include La or MgO, or a combination thereof.

[0077] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may include at least one of non-shaped particles (eg, crushed particles), shaped particles, agglomerated particles, and non-agglomerated particles.

[0078] The abrasive article may include a specific content of abrasive particles to facilitate improved manufacturing and / or improved performance of the abrasive article. For example, in one embodiment, the abrasive article may include at least at least 1 volume % abrasive particles, or at least 5 volume %, or at least 10 volume %, or at least 15 volume %, or at least 20 volume %, or at least 25 volume %, or at least 30 volume %, or at least 32 volume %, or at least 34 volume %, or at least 36 volume %, or at least 38 volume %, or at least 40 volume %, or at least 42 volume %, or at least 44 volume %, or at least 46 volume %, or at least 48 volume %, or at least 50 volume % abrasive particles, based on the total volume of the body. In another non-limiting embodiment, the abrasive article can include 80% by volume or less abrasive particles, based on the total volume of the body, or 78% by volume or less, or 76% by volume or less, or 74% by volume or less, or 72% by volume or less, or 70% by volume or less, or 68% by volume or less, or 66% by volume or less, or 64% by volume or less, or 62% by volume or less, or 60% by volume or less, or 58% by volume or less, or 56% by volume or less, or 54% by volume or less, or 52% by volume or less, or 50% by volume or less abrasive particles, based on the total volume of the body. The abrasive article can include an amount of abrasive particle content within a range including any of the above minimum and maximum percentages.

[0079] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains, the crystalline domains having an average domain size, by uncorrected intercept, of 8 microns or less, or 7 microns or less, or 6 microns or less, or 5 microns or less, or 4 microns or less, or 3 microns or less, or 2 microns or less, or 1 micron or less, or 0.5 microns or less, or 0.3 microns or less. In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains having an average domain size of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.75 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 3.5 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 4.5 microns, or at least 5 microns. It will be understood that the average crystalline domain size may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​recited above.

[0080] The abrasive article may include a particular ratio of abrasive particle to bond content (APv / ABv) that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, APv / ABv may be at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 1.6, or at least 1.7, or at least 1.8, or at least 1.9, or at least 2.0, or at least 2.1, or at least 2.2, or at least 2.3, or at least 2.4, or at least 2.5, or at least 2.6. In one embodiment, APv / ABv can be 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.9 or less, or 3.8 or less, or 3.7 or less, or 3.6 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.4 or less, or 3.3 or less, or 3.2 or less, or 3.1 or less, or 3.0 or less. It will be understood that APv / ABv can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0081] In one embodiment, the abrasive particles may have a multimodal particle size distribution. An exemplary particle size distribution can be found in Figure 3. The multimodal particle size distribution may have a fine mode and a coarse mode, and a midpoint equal to the average of the particle sizes corresponding to the fine mode and the coarse mode.

[0082] In one embodiment, the coarse mode may correspond to a particular grain size, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the coarse mode may be at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns. In one embodiment, the coarse mode can be 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less, or 150 microns or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less. It will be appreciated that the coarse mode can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0083] In one embodiment, the fine mode can correspond to a particular grain size, which can facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the fine mode can be at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 5 microns, or at least 6 microns, or at least 7 microns, or at least 8 microns, or at least 9 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 11 microns, or at least 12 microns, or at least 13 microns, or at least 14 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 16 microns, or at least 17 microns, or at least 18 microns, or at least 19 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 21 microns, or at least 22 microns, or at least 23 microns, or at least 24 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 26 microns, or at least 27 microns, or at least 28 microns. In one embodiment, a fine mode can be 80 microns or less, or 78 microns or less, or 76 microns or less, or 74 microns or less, or 72 microns or less, or 70 microns or less, or 68 microns or less, or 66 microns or less, or 64 microns or less, or 62 microns or less, or 60 microns or less, or 58 microns or less, or 56 microns or less, or 54 microns or less, or 52 microns or less, or 50 microns or less, or 48 microns or less, or 46 microns or less, or 44 microns or less, or 42 microns or less, or 40 microns or less, or 38 microns or less, or 36 microns or less, or 34 microns or less, or 32 microns or less, or 30 microns or less. It will be understood that a fine mode can be between any of the above minimum and maximum values.

[0084] In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can correspond to a particular grain size, which can facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns. In one embodiment, the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less, or 150 microns or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less. It will be understood that the difference between the fine and coarse modes can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0085] In one embodiment, the multimodal particle size distribution can include a volume percent ratio [Vc / Vf], where Vc represents the volume percent of coarse abrasive particles having a size above the average of the fine and coarse modes, and Vf represents the volume percent of abrasive particles having a size below the average of the fine and coarse modes. In one embodiment, [Vc / Vf] can be at least 0.5, or at least 0.6, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.9, or at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5, or at least 6, or at least 7, or at least 8. In one embodiment, [Vc / Vf] can be 100 or less, or 75 or less, or 50 or less, or 40 or less, or 30 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less, or 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less.

[0086] Fixed abrasive bodies formed by the processes of embodiments herein can have certain characteristics.

[0087] FIG. 2A includes a perspective view of a fixed abrasive body according to one embodiment. The abrasive article 200 may include a fixed abrasive body 201. The fixed abrasive body 201 may include an opening 202. As further shown in FIG. 2A , the fixed abrasive body includes an axial axis 203 defining an axial direction and a transverse axis 204 defining a radial axis. The axial axis 203 extends vertically as defined by the thickness (t) of the fixed abrasive body 201. The transverse axis 204 extends radially, defining the radius, or outer diameter (OD), of the fixed abrasive body 201. The abrasive body may have an inner diameter (ID) corresponding to the diameter of the opening 202 in the center of the abrasive body. The abrasive body may have a first major surface 205, a second major surface 206 opposite the first major surface and separated by the thickness t, and a side surface 207 extending between the first and second major surfaces.

[0088] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a particular OD, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the OD may be at least 155 mm, or at least 160 mm, or at least 165 mm, or at least 170 mm, or at least 175 mm, or at least 180 mm, or at least 190 mm, or at least 210 mm, or at least 220 mm, or at least 230 mm, or at least 240 mm, or at least 250 mm, or at least 260 mm. In one embodiment, the OD may be 500 mm or less, or 475 mm or less, or 450 mm or less, or 425 mm or less, or 400 mm or less, or 380 mm or less, or 360 mm or less, or 340 mm or less, or 320 mm or less, or 300 mm or less, or 280 mm or less. It will be understood that the OD may be between any of the minimum or maximum values ​​recited above.

[0089] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a specific ID, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the ID may be at least 100 mm, or at least 110 mm, or at least 120 mm, or at least 130 mm, or at least 140 mm, or at least 150 mm, or at least 155 mm, or at least 160 mm, or at least 165 mm, or at least 170 mm, or at least 175 mm, or at least 180 mm, or at least 190 mm, or at least 210 mm, or at least 220 mm, or at least 230 mm, or at least 240 mm, or at least 250 mm, or at least 260 mm. In one embodiment, the ID may be 350 mm or less, or 340 mm or less, or 330 mm or less, or 320 mm or less, or 310 mm or less, or 300 mm or less, or 290 mm or less, or 280 mm or less, or 270 mm or less, or 260 mm or less, or 250 mm or less, or 240 mm or less, or 230 mm or less, or 220 mm or less, or 210 mm or less, or 200 mm or less, or 190 mm or less, or 180 mm or less. It will be understood that the ID may be between any of the minimum or maximum values ​​listed above.

[0090] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a particular thickness, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the thickness may be at least 10 mm, or at least 11 mm, or at least 12 mm, or at least 13 mm, or at least 14 mm, or at least 15 mm, or at least 16 mm, or at least 17 mm, or at least 18 mm, or at least 19 mm, or at least 20 mm. In one embodiment, the thickness may be 100 mm or less, or 95 mm or less, or 90 mm or less, or 85 mm or less, or 80 mm or less, or 75 mm or less, or 70 mm or less, or 65 mm or less, or 60 mm or less, or 55 mm or less, or 50 mm or less, or 45 mm or less, or 40 mm or less, or 35 mm or less, or 30 mm or less. It will be understood that the thickness may be between any of the minimum or maximum values ​​recited above.

[0091] As shown in Figure 2b, the abrasive article can include an inner annular surface having a toothed surface. In one embodiment, the abrasive body can include 15 gear modules. In one embodiment, the toothed surface can include at least 18 teeth and no more than 100 teeth. In one embodiment, the toothed surface can include a helix angle of at least 0° and no more than 40°. In one embodiment, the toothed surface can include a normal pressure angle of at least 15° and no more than 25°.

[0092] The porosity of the fixed abrasive body 201 may include open porosity, closed porosity, or a combination thereof. Open porosity may be defined as interconnected channels extending through the fixed abrasive body 201. Closed porosity may define separate, independent voids contained in the bond material.

[0093] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a particular porosity content, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a porosity content of at least 1 vol%, or at least 2 vol%, or at least 3 vol%, or at least 4 vol%, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 6 vol%, or at least 7 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 9 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 11 vol%, or at least 12 vol%, or at least 13 vol%, or at least 14 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 16 vol%, or at least 17 vol%, or at least 18 vol%, or at least 19 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 21 vol%, or at least 22 vol%, or at least 23 vol%, or at least 24 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 26 vol%, or at least 27 vol%, or at least 28 vol%, or at least 29 vol%, or at least 30 vol%. In one embodiment, the abrasive article may comprise a porosity content of 65% or less by volume, based on the total volume of the body, or 60% or less by volume, or 55% or less by volume, or 50% or less by volume, or 48% or less by volume, or 46% or less by volume, or 44% or less by volume, or 42% or less by volume, or 40% or less by volume, or 38% or less by volume, or 36% or less by volume, or 34% or less by volume, or 32% or less by volume, or 30% or less by volume, based on the total volume of the body. It will be understood that the porosity content may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​recited above.

[0094] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a particular density that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. 3 , or at least 2.15 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.20 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.25 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.3 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.35 g / cm 3 In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a density of 2.60 g / cm3 Less than or equal to 2.55g / cm 3 The following densities may be included: It will be understood that the density may be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0095] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a specific average bond post area (BPA), which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. The bond post area may be measured as described in the Examples. Exemplary images used to measure the area and number of bond posts can be found in Figures 4A-4C. The dark spots correspond to bond posts. In one embodiment, the average BPA is 2400 microns. 2 or less than 2300 microns 2 or less than 2200 microns 2 or less than 2100 microns 2 or less than 2000 microns 2 or less than 1900 microns 2 or less than 1875 microns 2 or less than 1850 microns 2 or less than 1825 microns 2 or less than 1800 microns 2 or less than 1775 microns 2 or less than 1750 microns 2 or less than 1730 microns 2 In one embodiment, the BPA may be at least 1000 microns thick. 2 , or at least 1100 microns 2 , or at least 1200 microns 2 , or at least 1300 microns 2 , or at least 1400 microns 2 , or at least 1500 microns 2 , or at least 1600 microns 2 It can be 1.536mm 2 It will be understood that the average BPA per serving may fall between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​set forth above.

[0096] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a specific bond post area (BPA) per bond volume % that may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the BPA per bond volume % is 200 microns per bond volume %. 2 or less than 195 microns 2 or less than 190 microns 2 or less than 185 microns 2 or less than 180 microns 2 or less than 175 microns 2 or less than 170 microns 2 or less than 165 microns 2 or less than 160 microns 2 or less than 155 microns 2 or less than 150 microns 2 or less than 145 microns 2 or less than 140 microns 2 or less than 135 microns 2 or less than 130 microns 2 In one embodiment, the BPA per volume % of bond is at least 60 microns per volume % of bond. 2 , or at least 70 microns 2 , or at least 80 microns 2 , or at least 90 microns 2 , or at least 100 microns 2 , or at least 110 microns 2 , or at least 120 microns 2 , or at least 130 microns 2 It will be understood that the BPA per volume % of the bond can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0097] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may include a specific bond post volume (BPV) per bond volume %, which may facilitate improved performance and / or manufacturing of the abrasive article. In one embodiment, the BPV per bond volume % is 6000 microns per bond volume %. 3 , or 5500 microns 3or less than 5100 microns 3 or less than 5000 microns 3 or less than 4900 microns 3 or less than 4800 microns 3 or less than 4700 microns 3 or less than 4600 microns 3 or less than 4500 microns 3 or less than 4400 microns 3 or less than 4300 microns 3 or less than 4200 microns 3 or less than 4100 microns 3 or less than 4000 microns 3 or less than 3900 microns 3 In one embodiment, the BPV per volume % bond is at least 3100 microns per volume % bond. 3 , or at least 3200 microns 3 , or at least 3300 microns 3 , or at least 3400 microns 3 , or at least 3500 microns 3 , or at least 3600 microns 3 It will be understood that the BPV per bond volume % can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​set forth above.

[0098] In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a particular cumulative bond post area distribution. The distribution may include bond post area on the x-axis and the number of bond posts equal to or less than that area on the y-axis. An exemplary cumulative bond post area distribution can be found in Figure 5. In one embodiment, the abrasive article has a cumulative bond post area of ​​at least 115 microns. 2 and 125 microns 2 In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a 10th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 300 microns. 2 and 310 microns 2 In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a 25th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 715 microns. 2 and 735 microns 2In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a 50th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 1800 microns. 2 and 1900 microns 2 In one embodiment, the abrasive article may have a 75th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 3500 microns. 2 and 4000 microns 2 The bond post area may be the following:

[0099] In one embodiment, the abrasive article has a specific f during a gear power honing test. fα In one embodiment, f fα may be 3.5 microns or less, or 3.3 microns or less, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.8 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.49 microns or less, or 2.48 microns or less, or 2.47 microns or less, or 2.46 microns or less, or 2.45 microns or less, or 2.44 microns or less, or 2.43 microns or less, or 2.42 microns or less, or 2.41 microns or less, or 2.40 microns or less, or 2.39 microns or less, or 2.38 microns or less, or 2.37 microns or less by gear power honing test. fα f may be at least 0.01 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 0.1 microns by gear power honing test. fα It will be understood that σ can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0100] In one embodiment, the abrasive article has a specific f during a gear power honing test. Hα In one embodiment, f Hαmay be 5.5 microns or less by gear power honing test, or 5.3 microns or less by gear power honing test, or 5.0 microns or less, or 4.8 microns or less, or 4.6 microns or less, or 4.5 microns or less, or 4.4 microns or less, or 4.3 microns or less, or 4.2 microns or less, or 4.1 microns or less, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.9 microns or less, or 3.8 microns or less, or 3.7 microns or less, or 3.6 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less. Hα may be at least 0.01 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 0.5 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns. Hα It will be understood that σ can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0101] In one embodiment, the abrasive article has a specific f during a gear power honing test. fβ In another embodiment, f fβ is 2.4 microns or less by gear power honing test, may be 2.2 microns or less, or 2.1 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less, or 1.9 microns or less, or 1.8 microns or less, or 1.7 microns or less, or 1.6 microns or less, or 1.5 microns or less, or 1.4 microns or less, or 1.3 microns or less, or 1.2 microns or less, or 1.1 microns or less, or 1.0 microns or less, or 0.9 microns or less by gear power honing test. fβ f may be at least 0.01 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 0.1 microns by gear power honing test. fβ It will be understood that σ can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0102] In one embodiment, the abrasive article has a specific f during a gear power honing test. Hβ In one embodiment, f Hβ may be 5.0 microns or less by gear power honing test, or 4.5 microns or less by gear power honing test, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less. Hβ f may be at least 0.01 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 0.1 microns by gear power honing test. Hβ It will be understood that σ can be between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​listed above.

[0103] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described herein. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the scope of the invention. An embodiment may follow any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

[0104] Embodiment Embodiment 1. An abrasive article, The main body is an inner annular surface having at least one tooth; a bond material comprising an inorganic material; and a body including abrasive particles contained in a bond material; A polished product having an average Ffβ of 2.0 or less as determined by a gear power honing test.

[0105] Embodiment 2. The body has a thickness of 3.5 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 3.3 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.8 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.49 microns or less, or 2.48 microns or less, or 2.47 microns or less, or 2.46 microns or less, or 2.45 microns or less, or 2.44 microns or less, or 2.43 microns or less, or 2.42 microns or less, or 2.41 microns or less, or 2.40 microns or less, or 2.39 microns or less, or 2.38 microns or less, or 2.37 microns or less. fα 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0106] Embodiment 3. The body has a f of at least 0.01 microns by Gear Power Honing Test or at least 0.1 microns by Gear Power Honing Test. fα 3. The abrasive article of embodiment 2, comprising:

[0107] Embodiment 4. The body has a thickness of 5.5 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 5.3 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 5.0 microns or less, or 4.8 microns or less, or 4.6 microns or less, or 4.5 microns or less, or 4.4 microns or less, or 4.3 microns or less, or 4.2 microns or less, or 4.1 microns or less, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.9 microns or less, or 3.8 microns or less, or 3.7 microns or less, or 3.6 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less. Hα 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0108] Embodiment 5. The body has a f of at least 0.01 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 0.5 microns by gear power honing test, or at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns. Hα 4. The abrasive article of embodiment 3, comprising:

[0109] Embodiment 6. The body has a gear power honing test of 5.0 microns or less, or a gear power honing test of 4.5 microns or less, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less. Hβ 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0110] Embodiment 7. The body has a f of at least 0.01 microns by Gear Power Honing Test or at least 0.1 microns by Gear Power Honing Test. Hβ 7. The abrasive article of embodiment 6, comprising:

[0111] Embodiment 8. The body has a thickness of 2.4 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 2.2 microns or less by Gear Power Honing Test, or 2.1 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less, or 1.9 microns or less, or 1.8 microns or less, or 1.7 microns or less, or 1.6 microns or less, or 1.5 microns or less, or 1.4 microns or less, or 1.3 microns or less, or 1.2 microns or less, or 1.1 microns or less, or 1.0 microns or less, or 0.9 microns or less. fβ 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0112] Embodiment 9. The body has a f of at least 0.01 microns by Gear Power Honing Test or at least 0.1 microns by Gear Power Honing Test. fβ 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising:

[0113] Embodiment 10.2400 microns 2 or less than 2300 microns 2 or less than 2200 microns 2 or less than 2100 microns 2 or less than 2000 microns 2 or less than 1900 microns 2 or less than 1875 microns 2or less than 1850 microns 2 or less than 1825 microns 2 or less than 1800 microns 2 or less than 1775 microns 2 or less than 1750 microns 2 or less than 1730 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average bond post area (BPA) of:

[0114] Embodiment 11. At least 1000 microns 2 , or at least 1100 microns 2 , or at least 1200 microns 2 , or at least 1300 microns 2 , or at least 1400 microns 2 , or at least 1500 microns 2 , or at least 1600 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average bond post area (BPA) of

[0115] Embodiment 12.200 microns 2 Average bond post area (BPA) per volume % of bond material or 195 microns per volume % of bond 2 Less than or equal to 190 microns 2 Less than or equal to 185 microns 2 Less than or equal to 180 microns 2 Less than or equal to 175 microns 2 Less than or equal to 170 microns 2 Less than or equal to 165 microns 2 Less than or equal to 160 microns 2 Less than or equal to 155 microns 2 Less than or equal to 150 microns 2 Less than or equal to 145 microns 2 Less than or equal to 140 microns 2 Less than or equal to 135 microns 2 Less than or equal to 130 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average BPA of:

[0116] Embodiment 13. At least 60 microns 2 Average bond post area (BPA) per volume % of bond material, or at least 70 microns per volume % of bond 2 , or at least 80 microns 2 , or at least 90 microns 2 , or at least 100 microns 2 , or at least 110 microns 2 , or at least 120 microns 2 , or at least 130 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average of 100% BPA.

[0117] Embodiment 14.6000 microns 3 Average bond post volume (BPV) per volume % of bond material or 5500 microns per volume % of bond 3 Less than or equal to 5100 microns 3 Less than or equal to 5000 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4900 microns 3 or less than 4800 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4700 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4600 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4500 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4400 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4300 microns 3 or less than 4200 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4100 microns 3 Less than or equal to 4000 microns 3 Less than or equal to 3900 microns 3 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average BPV of:

[0118] Embodiment 15. At least 3100 microns 3 Average bond post volume (BPV) per vol % of bond material, or at least 3200 microns per vol % of bond 3 , or at least 3300 microns3 , or at least 3400 microns 3 , or at least 3500 microns 3 , or at least 3600 microns 3 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, further comprising an average BPV of

[0119] Embodiment 16. The 10th percentile bond post area is at least 115 microns. 2 and 125 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein:

[0120] Embodiment 17. The 25th percentile bond post area is at least 300 microns 2 and 310 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein:

[0121] Embodiment 18. The 50th percentile bond post area is at least 715 microns 2 and 735 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein:

[0122] Embodiment 19. The 75th percentile bond post area is at least 1800 microns 2 and 1900 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein:

[0123] Embodiment 20. The 90th percentile bond post area is at least 3500 microns 2 and 4000 microns 2 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein:

[0124] Embodiment 21. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises a bond content of at least 1% by volume relative to the total volume of the body, or at least 2% by volume, or at least 3% by volume, or at least 4% by volume, or at least 5% by volume, or at least 6% by volume, or at least 7% by volume, or at least 8% by volume, or at least 9% by volume, or at least 10% by volume, or at least 11% by volume, or at least 12% by volume, or at least 13% by volume, or at least 14% by volume, or at least 15% by volume, or at least 16% by volume, or at least 17% by volume, or at least 18% by volume, or at least 19% by volume, or at least 20% by volume.

[0125] Embodiment 22. An abrasive article as described in embodiment 1, wherein the body contains a bond content of 50% by volume or less, or 48% by volume or less, or 46% by volume or less, or 44% by volume or less, or 42% by volume or less, or 40% by volume or less, or 38% by volume or less, or 36% by volume or less, or 34% by volume or less, or 32% by volume or less, or 30% by volume or less, or 28% by volume or less, or 26% by volume or less, or 24% by volume or less, or 22% by volume or less, or 20% by volume or less, relative to the total volume of the body.

[0126] Embodiment 23. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material comprises an Al2O3 content of at least 18% by weight, or at least 20% by weight, or at least 22% by weight, or not more than 36% by weight, or not more than 33% by weight, or not more than 30% by weight, or not more than 27% by weight, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0127] Embodiment 24. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material comprises an SiO2 content of at least 38 wt.%, or at least 40 wt.%, or at least 42 wt.%, or at least 45 wt.%, or 55 wt.% or less, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0128] Embodiment 25. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 10% by weight, or not more than 18% by weight, or not more than 15% by weight of B2O3 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0129] Embodiment 26. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains BaO in an amount of 0.6 wt. % or less, or 0.4 wt. % or less, or 0.2 wt. % or less, or 0.1 wt. % or less, or 0.05 wt. % or less, or 0.03 wt. % or less, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0130] Embodiment 27. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 0.3 wt. %, or not more than 2 wt. %, or not more than 1.5 wt. %, or not more than 1 wt. %, or not more than 0.5 wt. % CaO, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0131] Embodiment 28. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.7 wt. % or less CoO relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0132] Embodiment 29. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.01% by weight or less of Cr2O3 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0133] Embodiment 30. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.01 wt. % or less CuO relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0134] Embodiment 31. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 0.8 wt. % or less, or 0.7 wt. % or less, of Fe2O3 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0135] Embodiment 32. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.02 wt. % or less HfO2 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0136] Embodiment 33. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 0.5 wt. % or less, or 2 wt. % or less, or 1 wt. % or less of K2O relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0137] Embodiment 34. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 1.3 wt. %, or not more than 2.0 wt. %, or not more than 1.5 wt. % of La2O2 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0138] Embodiment 35. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains a Li2O content of at least 0.2 wt%, or at least 0.5 wt%, or at least 0.7 wt%, or at least 0.9 wt%, or 3 wt% or less, or 2.5 wt% or less, or 2.0 wt% or less, or 1.5 wt% or less, or 1.1 wt% or less, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0139] Embodiment 36. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains an MgO content of at least 0.5 wt.%, or at least 0.7 wt.%, or not more than 1.5 wt.%, or not more than 1.0 wt.%, relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0140] Embodiment 37. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains an MnO2 content of 0.05% by weight or less relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0141] Embodiment 38. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 4% by weight, or not more than 12% by weight, or not more than 9% by weight, or not more than 6% by weight of Na2O, based on the total content of the bond material.

[0142] Embodiment 39. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.01 wt. % or less NiO relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0143] Embodiment 40. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.02 wt. % or less SrO relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0144] Embodiment 41. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 0.2 wt. % and not more than 0.8 wt. % TiO2 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0145] Embodiment 42. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.02 wt. % or less V2O5 based on the total content of the bond material.

[0146] Embodiment 43. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains at least 0.4 wt. % and not more than 1.0 wt. % Y2O3 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0147] Embodiment 44. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.2 wt. % or less ZnO relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0148] Embodiment 45. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 0.01% by weight or less of ZrO2 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0149] Embodiment 46. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the body contains an abrasive particle content of at least 1 vol%, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 30 vol%, or at least 32 vol%, or at least 34 vol%, or at least 36 vol%, or at least 38 vol%, or at least 40 vol%, or at least 42 vol%, or at least 44 vol%, or at least 46 vol%, or at least 48 vol%, or at least 50 vol%, relative to the total volume of the body.

[0150] Embodiment 47. An abrasive article as described in embodiment 1, wherein the body contains an abrasive particle content of 80% by volume or less, or 78% by volume or less, or 76% by volume or less, or 74% by volume or less, or 72% by volume or less, or 70% by volume or less, or 68% by volume or less, or 66% by volume or less, or 64% by volume or less, or 62% by volume or less, or 60% by volume or less, or 58% by volume or less, or 56% by volume or less, or 54% by volume or less, or 52% by volume or less, or 50% by volume or less, relative to the total volume of the body.

[0151] Embodiment 48. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises an abrasive particle / bond ratio (APv / ABv) of at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 1.6, or at least 1.7, or at least 1.8, or at least 1.9, or at least 2.0, or at least 2.1, or at least 2.2, or at least 2.3, or at least 2.4, or at least 2.5, or at least 2.6.

[0152] Embodiment 49. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises an abrasive particle / bond ratio (APv / ABv) of 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.9 or less, or 3.8 or less, or 3.7 or less, or 3.6 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 0.4 or less, or 3.3 or less, or 3.2 or less, or 3.1 or less, or 3.0 or less.

[0153] Embodiment 50. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises a porosity content of at least 1 vol%, or at least 2 vol%, or at least 3 vol%, or at least 4 vol%, or at least 5 vol%, or at least 6 vol%, or at least 7 vol%, or at least 8 vol%, or at least 9 vol%, or at least 10 vol%, or at least 11 vol%, or at least 12 vol%, or at least 13 vol%, or at least 14 vol%, or at least 15 vol%, or at least 16 vol%, or at least 17 vol%, or at least 18 vol%, or at least 19 vol%, or at least 20 vol%, or at least 21 vol%, or at least 22 vol%, or at least 23 vol%, or at least 24 vol%, or at least 25 vol%, or at least 26 vol%, or at least 27 vol%, or at least 28 vol%, or at least 29 vol%, or at least 30 vol%.

[0154] Embodiment 51. An abrasive article as described in embodiment 1, wherein the body has a porosity content of 65% by volume or less, relative to the total volume of the body, or 60% by volume or less, or 55% by volume or less, or 50% by volume or less, or 48% by volume or less, or 46% by volume or less, or 44% by volume or less, or 42% by volume or less, or 40% by volume or less, or 38% by volume or less, or 36% by volume or less, or 34% by volume or less, or 32% by volume or less, or 30% by volume or less.

[0155] Embodiment 52. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the abrasive particles define a multimodal particle size distribution.

[0156] Embodiment 53. An abrasive article according to embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and the coarse mode is at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns.

[0157] Embodiment 54. The multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, wherein the coarse mode is 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less. 53. The abrasive article of embodiment 52, wherein the thickness is 150 microns or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less.

[0158] Embodiment 55. An abrasive article according to embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and the fine mode is at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 5 microns, or at least 6 microns, or at least 7 microns, or at least 8 microns, or at least 9 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 11 microns, or at least 12 microns, or at least 13 microns, or at least 14 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 16 microns, or at least 17 microns, or at least 18 microns, or at least 19 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 21 microns, or at least 22 microns, or at least 23 microns, or at least 24 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 26 microns, or at least 27 microns, or at least 28 microns.

[0159] Embodiment 56. An abrasive article according to embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and the fine mode is 80 microns or less, or 78 microns or less, or 76 microns or less, or 74 microns or less, or 72 microns or less, or 70 microns or less, or 68 microns or less, or 66 microns or less, or 64 microns or less, or 62 microns or less, or 60 microns or less, or 58 microns or less, or 56 microns or less, or 54 microns or less, or 52 microns or less, or 50 microns or less, or 48 microns or less, or 46 microns or less, or 44 microns or less, or 42 microns or less, or 40 microns or less, or 38 microns or less, or 36 microns or less, or 34 microns or less, or 32 microns or less, or 30 microns or less.

[0160] Embodiment 57. An abrasive article according to embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and further comprises a particle size difference between the fine mode and the coarse mode of at least 5 microns, or at least 10 microns, or at least 15 microns, or at least 20 microns, or at least 25 microns, or at least 30 microns, or at least 35 microns, or at least 40 microns, or at least 45 microns, or at least 50 microns, or at least 55 microns, or at least 60 microns, or at least 65 microns, or at least 70 microns, or at least 75 microns, or at least 80 microns.

[0161] Embodiment 58. The multimodal particle size distribution includes a fine mode and a coarse mode and is 1000 microns or less, or 800 microns or less, or 600 microns or less, or 500 microns or less, or 400 microns or less, or 300 microns or less, or 200 microns or less, or 190 microns or less, or 185 microns or less, or 180 microns or less, or 175 microns or less, or 170 microns or less, or 165 microns or less, or 160 microns or less, or 155 microns or less, or 150 microns or less. 53. The abrasive article of embodiment 52, further comprising a grain size difference between a fine mode and a coarse mode of 0.01 or less, or 45 microns or less, or 140 microns or less, or 135 microns or less, or 130 microns or less, or 125 microns or less, or 120 microns or less, or 115 microns or less, or 110 microns or less, or 105 microns or less, or 100 microns or less, or 95 microns or less, or 90 microns or less, or 85 microns or less, or 80 microns or less, or 75 microns or less, or 70 microns or less.

[0162] Embodiment 59. The abrasive article of embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and further comprises a volume percent ratio [Vc / Vf] of at least 0.5, where Vc represents the volume percent of coarse abrasive particles having a particle size greater than the average of the fine mode and the coarse mode, and Vf represents the volume percent of abrasive particles having a particle size less than the average of the fine mode and the coarse mode, or further wherein the volume percent ratio [Vc / Vf] is at least 0.6, or at least 0.7, or at least 0.8, or at least 0.9, or at least 1, or at least 1.1, or at least 1.2, or at least 1.3, or at least 1.4, or at least 1.5, or at least 2, or at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5, or at least 6, or at least 7, or at least 8.

[0163] Embodiment 60. An abrasive article according to embodiment 52, wherein the multimodal particle size distribution comprises a fine mode and a coarse mode, and further comprises a volume percent ratio [Vc / Vf] of 100 or less, or 75 or less, or 50 or less, or 40 or less, or 30 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less, or 10 or less, or 9 or less, or 8 or less, or 7 or less, or 6 or less, or 5 or less.

[0164] Embodiment 61. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the abrasive particles comprise a material comprising at least one of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, a boride, a diamond, or any combination thereof.

[0165] Embodiment 62. An abrasive article according to embodiment 61, wherein the abrasive particles comprise at least one material from the group consisting of alumina, silica, zirconia, or any combination thereof.

[0166] Embodiment 63. An abrasive article according to embodiment 62, wherein the abrasive particles comprise at least one of fused alumina, unseeded alumina, seeded sol-gel alumina, and alumina having one or more magnetoplumbite-containing phases.

[0167] Embodiment 64. An abrasive article according to embodiment 62, wherein the abrasive particles comprise La or MgO, or a combination thereof.

[0168] Embodiment 65. An abrasive article according to embodiment 62, wherein the abrasive particles may have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains, the crystalline domains having an average domain size by uncorrected sectioning of 8 microns or less, or 7 microns or less, or 6 microns or less, or 5 microns or less, or 4 microns or less, or 3 microns or less, or 2 microns or less, or 1 micron or less, or 0.5 microns or less, or 0.3 microns or less.

[0169] Embodiment 66. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein the abrasive particles include at least one of non-shaped particles (e.g., crushed particles), shaped particles, agglomerated particles, and non-agglomerated particles.

[0170] Embodiment 67. The body has a density of at least 2.10 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.15 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.20 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.25 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.3 g / cm 3 , or at least 2.35 g / cm 3 2. The abrasive article of claim 1, comprising an average density of:

[0171] Embodiment 68. The body has a density of 2.60 g / cm 3 Less than or equal to 2.55g / cm 3 2. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, comprising an average density of:

[0172] Embodiment 69. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the body is in the shape of a wheel.

[0173] Embodiment 70. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has an outer diameter of at least 255 mm, or at least 256 mm, or at least 257 mm, or at least 258 mm, or at least 259 mm, or at least 260 mm, or at least 261 mm, or at least 262 mm, or at least 263 mm, or at least 264 mm, or at least 265 mm.

[0174] Embodiment 71. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has an outer diameter of 500 mm or less, or 475 mm or less, or 450 mm or less, or 425 mm or less, or 400 mm or less, or 380 mm or less, or 360 mm or less, or 340 mm or less, or 320 mm or less, or 300 mm or less, or 280 mm or less.

[0175] Embodiment 72. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has an inner diameter of at least 100 mm, or at least 110 mm, or at least 120 mm, or at least 130 mm, or at least 140 mm, or at least 150 mm, or at least 155 mm, or at least 160 mm, or at least 165 mm, or at least 170 mm, or at least 175 mm, or at least 180 mm, or at least 190 mm, or at least 210 mm, or at least 220 mm, or at least 230 mm, or at least 240 mm, or at least 250 mm, or at least 260 mm.

[0176] Embodiment 73. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has an inner diameter of 350 mm or less, or 340 mm or less, or 330 mm or less, or 320 mm or less, or 310 mm or less, or 300 mm or less, or 290 mm or less, or 280 mm or less, or 270 mm or less, or 260 mm or less, or 250 mm or less, or 240 mm or less, or 230 mm or less, or 220 mm or less, or 210 mm or less, or 200 mm or less, or 190 mm or less, or 180 mm or less.

[0177] Embodiment 74. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has a thickness of at least 10 mm, or at least 11 mm, or at least 12 mm, or at least 13 mm, or at least 14 mm, or at least 15 mm, or at least 16 mm, or at least 17 mm, or at least 18 mm, or at least 19 mm, or at least 20 mm.

[0178] Embodiment 75. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has a thickness of 100 mm or less, or 95 mm or less, or 90 mm or less, or 85 mm or less, or 80 mm or less, or 75 mm or less, or 70 mm or less, or 65 mm or less, or 60 mm or less, or 55 mm or less, or 50 mm or less, or 45 mm or less, or 40 mm or less, or 35 mm or less, or 30 mm or less.

[0179] Embodiment 76. An abrasive article according to embodiment 69, wherein the body has an inner annular surface defined by a toothed surface.

[0180] Embodiment 77. An abrasive article according to embodiment 76, wherein the main body has one or five gear modules.

[0181] Embodiment 78. An abrasive article according to embodiment 76, wherein the toothed surface has at least 18 and no more than 100 teeth.

[0182] Embodiment 79. An abrasive article according to embodiment 76, wherein the toothed surface comprises a helix angle of at least 0° and not more than 30°.

[0183] Embodiment 80. An abrasive article according to embodiment 76, wherein the toothed surface comprises a pressure angle of at least 15° and no more than 25°.

[0184] Embodiment 81. A method for making an abrasive article according to any one of embodiments 1 to 80, the method comprising: providing a mixture of abrasive particles and a bond material precursor; pressing the mixture into a green body; and firing the green body into a fully formed abrasive article.

[0185] Embodiment 82. The method of embodiment 81, wherein the pressing is carried out with a force of at least 300 tons, or at least 310 tons, or at least 320 tons, or at least 330 tons, or at least 340 tons, or at least 350 tons, or at least 360 tons, or at least 370 tons, or at least 380 tons, or at least 390 tons, or at least 400 tons, or at least 410 tons, or at least 420 tons, or at least 430 tons, or at least 440 tons, or at least 450 tons, or at least 460 tons, or at least 470 tons, or at least 480 tons, or at least 490 tons, or at least 500 tons.

[0186] Embodiment 83. The method of embodiment 81, wherein the pressing is performed at a press force of 500 tons or less, or 490 tons or less, or 480 tons or less, or 470 tons or less, or 460 tons or less, or 450 tons or less, or 440 tons or less, or 430 tons or less, or 420 tons or less, or 410 tons or less, or 400 tons or less, or 390 tons or less, or 380 tons or less, or 370 tons or less, or 360 tons or less, or 350 tons or less.

[0187] Embodiment 84. The method of embodiment 81, further comprising drying the green body before firing the green body.

[0188] Embodiment 85. The method of embodiment 84, wherein the drying is carried out at a humidity of at least 30%, or at least 32%, or at least 34%, or at least 36%, or at least 38%, or at least 40%, or at least 42%, or at least 44%, or at least 46%, or at least 48%, or at least 50%, or at least 52%, or at least 54%, or at least 56%, or at least 58%, or at least 60%.

[0189] Embodiment 86. The method of embodiment 84, wherein drying is carried out at a humidity of 60% or less, or 58% or less, or 56% or less, or 54% or less, or 52% or less, or 50% or less, or 48% or less, or 46% or less, or 44% or less, or 42% or less, or 40% or less, or 38% or less, or 36% or less, or 34% or less, or 32% or less, or 30% or less.

[0190] Embodiment 87. The method of embodiment 84, wherein the drying is carried out at a temperature of at least 45°C, or at least 46°C, or at least 47°C, or at least 48°C, or at least 49°C, or at least 50°C, or at least 51°C, or at least 52°C, or at least 53°C, or at least 54°C, or at least 55°C, or at least 56°C, or at least 57°C, or at least 58°C, or at least 59°C, or at least 60°C.

[0191] Embodiment 88. The method of embodiment 84, wherein drying is carried out at a temperature of 80°C or less, or 79°C or less, or 78°C or less, or 77°C or less, or 76°C or less, or 75°C or less, or 74°C or less, or 73°C or less, or 72°C or less, or 71°C or less, or 70°C or less, or 69°C or less, or 68°C or less, or 67°C or less, or 66°C or less, or 65°C or less, or 64°C or less, or 63°C or less, or 62°C or less, or 61°C or less, or 60°C or less, or 59°C or less, or 58°C or less, or 57°C or less, or 56°C or less, or 55°C or less, or 54°C or less, or 53°C or less, or 52°C or less, or 51°C or less, or 50°C or less.

[0192] Embodiment 89. The method of embodiment 81, wherein the calcining is carried out at a temperature of at least 900°C, or at least 905°C, or at least 910°C, or at least 915°C, or at least 920°C, or at least 925°C, or at least 930°C, or at least 935°C, or at least 940°C, or at least 45°C, or at least 950°C, or at least 955°C, or at least 960°C, or at least 965°C, or at least 970°C, or at least 975°C, or at least 980°C, or at least 995°C, or at least 1000°C.

[0193] Embodiment 90. The firing is performed at a temperature of 1300°C or less, or 1290°C or less, or 1280°C or less, or 1270°C or less, or 1260°C or less, or 1250°C or less, or 1240°C or less, or 1230°C or less, or 1220°C or less, or 1210°C or less, or 1200°C or less, or 1190°C or less, or 1180°C or less, or 1170°C or less, or 1160°C or less, or 1150°C or less, or 1140°C or less, or 1130°C or less, or 1120°C or less, or 1110°C or less, or 1100°C or less, or 1090°C or less, or 1080°C or less, or 1070°C or less, or 1060°C or less, or 1050°C or less, or 1040°C or less, or 1030°C or less, or 1020°C or less; 82. The method of embodiment 81, wherein the process is carried out at a temperature of 1010°C or less, or 1000°C or less, or 995°C or less, or 990°C or less, or 985°C or less, or 980°C or less, or 75°C or less, or 970°C or less, or 965°C or less, or 960°C or less, or 955°C or less, or 950°C or less, or 945°C or less, or 940°C or less, or 35°C or less, or 930°C or less, or 925°C or less, or 920°C or less, or 915°C or less, or 910°C or less, or 905°C or less, or 900°C, or 890°C or less, or 880°C or less, or 870°C or less, or 860°C or less, or 850°C or less, or 840°C or less, or 830°C or less, or 820°C or less, or 810°C or less, or 800°C or less.

[0194] Embodiment 91. A method for abrading a workpiece using an abrasive article described in any one of embodiments 1 to 81, wherein the method includes gear power honing.

[0195] Embodiment 92. The workpiece has a thickness of 3.5 microns or less after polishing, or 3.3 microns or less, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.8 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.49 microns or less, or 2.48 microns or less, or 2.47 microns or less, or 2.46 microns or less, or 2.45 microns or less, or 2.44 microns or less, or 2.43 microns or less, or 2.42 microns or less, or 2.41 microns or less, or 2.40 microns or less, or 2.39 microns or less, or 2.38 microns or less, or 2.37 microns or less. fα 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0196] Embodiment 93. The workpiece has a f of at least 0.01 microns after polishing or at least 0.1 microns after polishing. fα 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0197] Embodiment 94. The workpiece has a thickness of 5.5 microns or less after polishing, or 5.3 microns or less, or 5.0 microns or less, or 4.8 microns or less, or 4.6 microns or less, or 4.5 microns or less, or 4.4 microns or less, or 4.3 microns or less, or 4.2 microns or less, or 4.1 microns or less, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.9 microns or less, or 3.8 microns or less, or 3.7 microns or less, or 3.6 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less. Hα 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0198] Embodiment 95. The workpiece has a f of at least 0.01 microns after polishing, or at least 0.5 microns after polishing, or at least 1 micron, or at least 2 microns. Hα 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0199] Embodiment 96. The workpiece has a thickness of 5.0 microns or less after polishing, or 4.5 microns or less after polishing, or 4.0 microns or less, or 3.5 microns or less, or 3.0 microns or less, or 2.5 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less. Hβ 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0200] Embodiment 97. The workpiece has a f of at least 0.01 microns after polishing or at least 0.1 microns after polishing. Hβ 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0201] Embodiment 98. The workpiece has a thickness of 2.4 microns or less after polishing, or 2.2 microns or less, or 2.1 microns or less, or 2.0 microns or less, or 1.9 microns or less, or 1.8 microns or less, or 1.7 microns or less, or 1.6 microns or less, or 1.5 microns or less, or 1.4 microns or less, or 1.3 microns or less, or 1.2 microns or less, or 1.1 microns or less, or 1.0 microns or less, or 0.9 microns or less after polishing. fβ 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0202] Embodiment 99. The workpiece has a f of at least 0.01 microns after polishing or at least 0.1 microns after polishing. fβ 92. The method of embodiment 91, comprising:

[0203] Embodiment 100. The abrasive article of embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises a bond content of at least 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the body, or at least 2% by weight, or at least 3% by weight, or at least 4% by weight, or at least 5% by weight, or at least 6% by weight, or at least 7% by weight, or at least 8% by weight, or at least 9% by weight, or at least 10% by weight, or at least 11% by weight, or at least 12% by weight, or at least 13% by weight, or at least 14% by weight, or at least 15% by weight, or at least 16% by weight, or at least 17% by weight, or at least 18% by weight, or at least 19% by weight, or at least 20% by weight.

[0204] Embodiment 101. An abrasive article as described in embodiment 1, wherein the body comprises a bond content of 50% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the body, or 48% by weight or less, or 46% by weight or less, or 44% by weight or less, or 42% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less, or 38% by weight or less, or 36% by weight or less, or 34% by weight or less, or 32% by weight or less, or 30% by weight or less, or 28% by weight or less, or 26% by weight or less, or 24% by weight or less, or 22% by weight or less, or 20% by weight or less, based on the total volume of the body.

[0205] Embodiment 102. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the bond material contains 55% by weight or less of SiO2 relative to the total content of the bond material.

[0206] Embodiment 103. The abrasive particles of embodiment 1, wherein the body contains an abrasive particle content of at least 1 wt%, or at least 5 wt%, or at least 10 wt%, or at least 15 wt%, or at least 20 wt%, or at least 25 wt%, or at least 30 wt%, or at least 32 wt%, or at least 34 wt%, or at least 36 wt%, or at least 38 wt%, or at least 40 wt%, or at least 42 wt%, or at least 44 wt%, or at least 46 wt%, or at least 48 wt%, or at least 50 wt%, based on the total weight of the body.

[0207] Embodiment 104. An abrasive article according to embodiment 1, wherein the main body is 80% by weight or less, or 78% by weight or less, or 76% by weight or less, or 74% by weight or less, or 72% by weight or less, or 70% by weight or less, or 68% by weight or less, or 66% by weight or less, or 64% by weight or less, or 62% by weight or less, or 60% by weight or less, or 58% by weight or less, or 56% by weight or less, or 54% by weight or less, or 52% by weight or less, or 50% by weight or less of the total weight of the main body.

[0208] Embodiment 105. An abrasive article according to embodiment 62, wherein the abrasive particles have a polycrystalline phase with crystalline domains, the crystalline domains having an average domain size of at least 0.1 microns, or at least 0.2 microns, or at least 0.3 microns, or at least 0.4 microns, or at least 0.5 microns, or at least 0.75 microns, or at least 1 micron, or at least 1.5 microns, or at least 2 microns, or at least 2.5 microns, or at least 3 microns, or at least 3.5 microns, or at least 4 microns, or at least 4.5 microns, or at least 5 microns.

[0209] Embodiment 106. The method of embodiment 91, wherein the pressing is carried out at a pressing force of at least 90 MPa, or at least 95 MPa, or at least 100 MPa, or at least 105 MPa, or at least 110 MPa.

[0210] Embodiment 107. The method of embodiment 91, wherein the pressing is performed at a pressing force of 195 MPa or less, or 190 MPa or less, or 185 MPa or less, or 180 MPa or less. [Example]

[0211] Fixed abrasive samples were made according to the following process: Mixtures were prepared according to Tables 1 and 2 and the following procedure: Commercially available samples CMS1, CMS2, and CMS3 were purchased.

[0212] [Table 1]

[0213] The mixture was pressed into a green body. The green body was dried under controlled humidity. The dried green body was then fired into a fully formed abrasive body. The abrasive body was then finished and contoured to the appropriate dimensions. Where relevant, the dimensions are set forth below.

[0214] Bonded microstructure Various aspects of the bond microstructure were measured according to the following procedure. Ten SEM-EDS images of each sample were taken. ImageJ software was used to identify and highlight the bond structure of each sample. Exemplary images of the bond structure can be seen in Figures 4A-4C. ImageJ software was used to calculate the area of ​​the bond posts. Bond post characterization data can be found in the table below. Figure 5 contains the cumulative bond post size distribution.

[0215] [Table 2]

[0216] [Table 3]

[0217] Percentile can be understood as the X percentile bond post area being the area where X% of the specified bond posts in the sample have the specified area.

[0218] Grinding Test Samples S1 and CMS1 were used to grind 20CrMnTi workpieces using a 3-axis CNC machine. The workpieces were shaped to resemble gear tooth flanks formed by gear power honing. Additional grinding parameters can be found in the table below.

[0219] [Table 4]

[0220] Gear power honing tests using S1 resulted in workpieces with an average Ffα of 2.370 and an average Ffβ of 1.297, while CMS1 resulted in workpieces with an average Ffα of 2.507 and an average Ffβ of 2.068.

[0221] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are described for brevity in the context of a single embodiment may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Furthermore, references to values ​​recited in ranges include any and all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art only after reading this specification. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the present disclosure, such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should be considered illustrative, not restrictive. Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to specific embodiments. However, benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any features that may bring about or make more pronounced any benefit, advantage, or solution are not to be construed as critical, necessary, or essential features of any or all claims.

[0222] The description in combination with the drawings is provided to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. This focus is provided to help explain the teachings and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other teachings can certainly be used in this application.

[0223] As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features, but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent to such method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" and not an exclusive "or." For example, condition A or B can be satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent); A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present); and both A and B are true (or present).

[0224] Additionally, the use of "a" or "an" is employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This specification should be read as including one, or at least one, and the singular as including the plural, and vice versa, unless it is clear that this is meant to be otherwise. For example, where a single item is described herein, two or more items can be used in place of the single item. Similarly, where two or more items are described herein, the two or more items may be replaced with a single item.

[0225] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials and processing operations are conventional and can be found in reference literature and other sources within the technical fields of construction and corresponding manufacturing arts.

[0226] The subject matter disclosed above should be considered illustrative rather than limiting, and the appended claims are intended to encompass all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments that fall within the true scope of the invention. Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the scope of the invention should be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and should not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.

Claims

1. An abrasive article, The main body is an inner annular surface having at least one tooth; a bond material comprising an inorganic material; and a body including abrasive particles contained in a bond material; An abrasive article comprising an average Ffβ of 2.0 or less in a gear honing grinding test.

2. The body has an f of 3.5 microns or less according to a gear honing grinding test. ｆα 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, comprising:

3. The body has an f of 5.5 microns or less according to a gear honing grinding test. Ｈα 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, comprising:

4. The body has an f of 5.0 microns or less. Ｈβ 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, comprising:

5. 2400 microns ２ 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising an average bond post area (BPA) of:

6. 25th percentile bond post area at least 770 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein

7. 25th percentile bond post area is 795 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein:

8. 50th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 1830 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein

9. 50th percentile bond post area is 1880 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein:

10. 75th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 4600 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein

11. 75th percentile bond post area is 4850 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein:

12. 90th percentile bond post area of ​​at least 9000 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein

13. 90th percentile bond post area is 10250 microns ２ 2. The abrasive article according to claim 1, wherein:

14. 200 microns per volume percent of bond material ２ 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising an average bond post area (BPA) of:

15. At least 1000 microns ２ 10. The abrasive article of claim 1, further comprising an average bond post area (BPA) of

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