Floor covering

Abstract

To provide a floor finishing material through which liquid such as water can pass quickly and which has durability.SOLUTION: In the floor finishing material 1, a plurality of through-holes 5 penetrating in the thickness direction from the front surface 10 side to the back surface 11 side are formed at intervals, and the relationship D / S between the dimension S of the through-hole 5 and the first interval D between the through-hole 5 and the closest adjacent through-hole 5 among the through-holes 5 adjacent to the through-hole 5 is 1.67 or more and 15.0 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a floor finishing material used as the outermost layer of a floor structure such as carpet, vinyl flooring, or fabric-covered flooring, and which has a plurality of through-holes formed therein. [Background technology]

[0002] BACKGROUND ART Floor finishing materials have traditionally been used as the outermost layer of floor structures in buildings where many people gather, such as office buildings, commercial facilities, and apartment buildings.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a floor finishing material that can be configured with various patterns by changing the color and texture, as a floor finishing material that expresses a refined and elegant texture. Patent Document 2 discloses a water-permeable floor finishing material that allows liquids such as water sprayed from water-based fire extinguishing equipment such as sprinklers and mist to pass through, as a floor finishing material used in a fire damage mitigation floor structure in the event of a fire. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-193839 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-155799 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] In buildings where floor finishing materials are used, small amounts of water may be generated due to people spilling water or condensation. Furthermore, as described in Patent Document 2, water or other liquids may be sprayed onto the floor when a sprinkler or other device is activated, generating a large amount of water. For this reason, floor finishing materials are required to have drainage properties that allow water or other liquids sprayed on their surfaces to be drained. However, floor finishing materials such as carpet tiles are constantly subjected to localized loads caused by people stepping on them with their shoe soles or casters. For this reason, floor finishing materials must be sufficiently durable.

[0006] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a floor finishing material that allows liquids such as water to pass through quickly and that is durable. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A floor finishing material according to a first aspect of the present disclosure is used, for example, as an interior material in the outermost layer of a floor structure. The floor finishing material according to the first aspect of the present disclosure has a plurality of through holes formed at intervals and penetrating in a thickness direction from the front side to the back side, and a relationship D / S between a dimension S of each through hole and a first distance D between the through hole and the nearest adjacent through hole among the adjacent through holes to each through hole is 1.67 to 15.0.

[0008] As a floor covering material according to the second aspect of the present disclosure, the floor covering material according to the first aspect of the present disclosure may be configured so that the dimension S is 2.5 mm or more and 10.0 mm or less.

[0009] As a floor covering material according to the third aspect of the present disclosure, the floor covering material according to the first or second aspect of the present disclosure may be configured such that the first distance D is not less than 5.0 mm and not more than 35.0 mm.

[0010] As a floor finishing material according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a floor finishing material according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present disclosure may be configured so that the ratio of the total opening area of ​​the through holes is 0.5% or more and 18.0% or less.

[0011] As a floor finishing material according to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, the floor finishing material according to any one of the first to fourth aspects of the present disclosure may be configured such that the plurality of through holes are arranged at the first interval D in each of a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction. For example, the plurality of through holes may be arranged at the first interval D in the first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, and at the first interval D in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Alternatively, the plurality of through holes may be arranged at the first interval D in the first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction, and at the first interval D in a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle of 60°.

[0012] As a floor finishing material according to the sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a floor finishing material according to any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present disclosure may be configured so that the through holes are holes formed from the front surface toward the back surface.

[0013] As a floor covering material according to the seventh aspect of the present disclosure, the floor covering material according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present disclosure may be configured to be any one of carpet, vinyl floor covering, and textile floor covering. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] According to the present disclosure, a durable flooring material can be provided that allows liquids such as water to pass through quickly. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a floor covering. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the floor covering. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a case where the floor covering material is carpet. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a floor covering material that is a fabric covering material. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view of a floor covering material having a woven fabric surface. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a case where the floor finishing material is a vinyl floor material. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement pattern of through holes. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a through-hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An embodiment of a floor covering according to the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which like or corresponding parts are designated by like reference numerals and descriptions thereof will not be repeated.

[0017] <Floor Finishing Material Overview> Floor finishing materials are used, for example, as interior materials on the outermost layer of a floor structure. Floor finishing materials have a flat shape with a front and back main surface. In this disclosure, the term "front surface" refers to the main surface farther from the construction surface of the floor structure when the floor finishing material is laid on the construction surface, and the term "back surface" refers to the opposite main surface (the main surface closer to the construction surface). In this disclosure, the term "plan view" refers to a view perpendicular to the front or back surface.

[0018] Floor finishing materials include so-called tile flooring materials formed in the form of individual sheets, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and so-called sheet flooring materials formed in the form of long strips.

[0019] Tile flooring materials are formed into polygonal shapes such as squares, rectangles, and hexagons when viewed from above. The floor finishing material 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a tile flooring material that is square when viewed from above. Note that the planar shape of the tile flooring material is not limited to polygons and can be any shape. For example, when the planar shape of the tile flooring material is square or rectangular, the dimensions of the tile flooring material can be, for example, a vertical length L1 of 100 mm to 1500 mm and a horizontal width L2 of 100 mm to 1500 mm. Tile flooring materials are stored and transported, for example, stacked one on top of the other.

[0020] The sheet flooring has a shape in which the longitudinal direction is much longer than the lateral direction. The dimensions of the sheet flooring are, for example, three times or more, preferably five times or more, the lateral dimension. Specific dimensions of the sheet flooring are, for example, a lateral dimension of 0.5 m to 3 m and a longitudinal length of 2 m to 50 m. Sheet flooring is usually stored and transported in a roll, and is then cut to the desired shape at the construction site for use.

[0021] Examples of floor finishing materials include carpet, fabric flooring, and vinyl flooring. Note that the floor finishing material is not particularly limited to the above-mentioned examples, as long as it is used as an interior material for a floor structure and forms the visible outermost layer of the floor structure.

[0022] <Carpet description> Referring to Figure 3, when the floor covering material 1 is a carpet 2, the floor covering material 1 includes a pile layer 20 and a backing layer 21 provided on the back side of the pile layer 20. The carpet 2 refers to the floor covering material 1 including the pile layer 20, and also includes those called rugs or mats. The backing layer 21 is a layer laminated on the pile layer 20 to ensure the stability and flatness of the shape and dimensions of the carpet 2, and is a layer that forms the ground contact surface of the carpet 2.

[0023] The pile layer 20 includes a base fabric 22 and pile 23 tufted onto the surface side of the base fabric 22. The backing layer 21 includes a first layer 24, a second layer 25, and a reinforcing layer 26 disposed between the first layer 24 and the second layer 25.

[0024] The base fabric 22 is not particularly limited, but can be formed using, for example, a sheet-like fiber assembly such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric. The fibers forming the base fabric 22 are not particularly limited, but examples include synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide; natural fibers such as cellulose and wool; and semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon. Here, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, or knitted fabrics formed from synthetic fibers containing at least one of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene are preferably used for the base fabric 22 because they are excellent in durability and resistance to settling.

[0025] The pile 23 is the pile height on the surface of the carpet 2. The pile 23 may be a loop pile in which the pile height is looped, a cut pile in which the pile height is cut and aligned, or a cut and loop pile in which loop pile and cut pile are mixed. The pile 23 shown in Figure 3 is a loop pile. In a loop pile, for example, a plurality of loop-shaped yarns are lined up continuously in a predetermined direction (tuft direction) to form one pile row, and a plurality of these pile rows are lined up continuously in the gauge direction perpendicular to the tuft direction.

[0026] Loop pile has excellent durability. Furthermore, because the pile 23 is formed from yarns made by twisting multiple thin filaments, there is a risk of liquid being retained between the filaments. Here, with cut pile, liquid is more likely to penetrate and be retained between the filaments, whereas with loop pile, most of the liquid flows off before being retained between the filaments. Therefore, in a loop pile carpet 2, a large amount of liquid passes through the through holes 5, allowing the liquid to pass through the carpet 2 quickly. Therefore, loop pile is preferable to cut pile for the type of pile 23.

[0027] The pile 23 is formed from a plurality of flexible fibers. Examples of fibers forming the pile 23 include synthetic fibers and natural fibers. Here, the pile 23 formed from synthetic fibers is superior in strength. Therefore, it is preferable to form the pile 23 using synthetic fibers.

[0028] The synthetic fiber forming the pile 23 is not particularly limited, but examples include polyamide fibers such as nylon, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers, and polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene fibers. The pile 23 formed from nylon has excellent heat resistance, so it is preferable to form the pile 23 using nylon.

[0029] By coloring the pile 23 in a desired color, a desired pattern appears on the surface 10 of the carpet 2. The pile 23 may be colored in a desired color by tufting dope-dyed yarns that have pigments mixed in beforehand, or by tufting white yarns and then dyeing them with a dye.

[0030] The height of the pile 23 (pile height) is not particularly limited, but can be 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm, preferably 3.0 mm to 8.0 mm. A pile height of 2.0 mm or more allows the pile 23 to cover the through-holes 5, making them less noticeable, preventing multiple through-holes 5 from impairing the appearance of the floor finishing material 1. A pile height of 10.0 mm or less reduces the amount of liquid retained by the pile 23, allowing a larger amount of liquid to pass through the through-holes 5, allowing the liquid to quickly pass through the carpet 2. The pile 23 may be formed so that its pile height is the same in both the tuft direction and the gauge direction, or it may be formed so that its pile height varies in at least one of the tuft direction and the gauge direction. This allows for the formation of unevenness on the surface 10 of the carpet 2.

[0031] The backing layer 21 has a multi-layer structure in which, from the surface side, a first layer 24, a reinforcing layer 26, and a second layer 25 are laminated. The first layer 24 joins the pile layer 20 to the backing layer 21 and serves to secure the yarns exposed on the back surface of the pile layer 20. The second layer 25 serves to back the pile layer 20 and increase the strength of the carpet 2. The reinforcing layer 26 is provided between the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 and serves to reinforce the backing layer 21.

[0032] The first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are resin layers formed, for example, from a synthetic resin. When the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are resin layers, the backing layer 21 has a structure in which a reinforcing layer is included as part of the resin layer. Examples of synthetic resins forming the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 include PVC-based resins such as vinyl chloride resin, EVA-based resins such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, APP-based resins such as APP resin, and PUR-based resins such as polyurethane. Here, the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 formed from PVC-based resins are excellent in terms of processability, durability, and cost. Therefore, it is preferable to form the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 using PVC-based resins.

[0033] The thickness of first layer 24 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 1.0 mm or more and 2.5 mm or less. The thickness of second layer 25 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less. When the thicknesses of first layer 24 and second layer 25 are within the above ranges, sufficient durability can be imparted to carpet 2 even when multiple through holes 5 are formed in carpet 2, and the through holes 5 formed in carpet 2 can be made long enough to allow liquid to pass through efficiently.

[0034] The first layer 24 and the second layer 25 may be foamed resin layers or non-foamed resin layers. Foamed resin layers can provide cushioning to the carpet 2 and further reduce the weight of the carpet 2. Foamed resin layers can also reduce the thermal conductivity of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25, thereby improving the fire resistance of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25. Therefore, it is preferable that the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are foamed resin layers. When the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are foamed resin layers, the foaming ratio is preferably 1.01 times or more and 1.50 times or less. At least one of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 may be a non-foamed resin layer.

[0035] The foam resin of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 is preferably a closed-cell foam such as a microcapsule or a mechanically foamed foam rather than an open-cell foam produced by chemical foaming. If the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 are closed-cell resin layers, the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 have low thermal conductivity and are less susceptible to liquid penetration, resulting in excellent fire resistance. Furthermore, the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 also have excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 can be both durable and fire-resistant. At least one of the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 may be an open-cell resin layer.

[0036] To improve the durability of the carpet 2, the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 preferably contain 5.0% by mass to 90.0% by mass of inorganic filler, and more preferably 20.0% by mass to 70.0% by mass of inorganic filler. Examples of inorganic fillers include calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, barium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, clay, talc, mica, and eggshell. Furthermore, by having the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 contain 5.0% by mass or more of inorganic filler, the flame retardancy of the carpet 2 can be improved and the calories burned can be reduced.

[0037] The second layer 25 does not necessarily have to be made of synthetic resin, but may be made of synthetic rubber, for example.

[0038] The reinforcing layer 26 can be formed using, for example, a sheet-like fiber aggregate such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric. The fibers forming the reinforcing layer 26 can be formed using, for example, an inorganic fiber such as glass fiber or carbon fiber, a synthetic fiber such as polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, or polyolefin fiber, or a natural fiber. Woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers have excellent fire resistance and maintain high durability even when multiple through-holes are formed. Therefore, it is preferable to use woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers for the reinforcing layer 26. Among these, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber have excellent physical property stability, such as dimensional stability and reduced warping, as well as excellent fire resistance. Therefore, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber are suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 26. Furthermore, nonwoven fabrics are preferable for use in the reinforcing layer 26 because they offer excellent dimensional stability, suppression of surface show-through, and ability to conceal unevenness on the construction surface. In particular, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers (glass mats) are excellent in dimensional stability, suppression of show-through, and concealment of unevenness on the construction surface, and when impregnated with a resin material such as a vinyl chloride paste resin, the resin material bonds integrally around the glass fibers to form a strong layer. Therefore, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers are particularly suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 26.

[0039] The thickness of the reinforcing layer 26 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. The basis weight of the reinforcing layer 26 is not particularly limited, but can be 10 g / m 2 More than 100g / m 2 The following can be given as examples.

[0040] The reinforcing layer 26 does not necessarily have to be provided between the first layer 24 and the second layer 25. The first layer 24 and the second layer 25 may be integrated into a resin layer, and the reinforcing layer 26 may be provided on the back surface of this resin layer.

[0041] A reinforcing layer having a similar structure to reinforcing layer 26 may be further provided in the middle of second layer 25 or on the back surface of second layer 25, as required.

[0042] When the floor finishing material 1 is a carpet 2, the total thickness Y is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5.5 mm or more and 16.0 mm or less. The total thickness Y of the carpet 2 can be measured based on JIS L4406 2021.

[0043] <Explanation of woven fabric floor covering> Referring to Figure 4, when the floor covering material 1 is a textile surface flooring material 3, the floor covering material 1 includes a textile layer 30 and a backing layer 31 provided on the back side of the textile layer 30. The textile surface flooring material 3 refers to a floor covering material that includes the textile layer 30. The backing layer 31 is a layer that is laminated on the textile layer 30 to ensure stability and flatness of the shape and dimensions of the textile surface flooring material 3, and is a layer that forms the contact surface of the textile surface flooring material 3.

[0044] The woven fabric flooring material 3 uses a woven fabric as the outermost layer, so various patterns can be created not only by changing the color but also by changing the texture, thereby expressing a refined and elegant texture different from that of the carpet 2.

[0045] The fabric layer 30 is formed using a woven fabric. Referring to FIG. 5, the fabric layer 30 has a woven structure consisting of warp yarns 300 and weft yarns 301. The fibers forming the fabric layer 30 are not particularly limited, but examples include synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide; natural fibers such as cellulose and wool; and semi-synthetic fibers such as rayon. The fabric layer 30 may use threads composed of one or more fibers as the warp yarns 300 and weft yarns 301, or may use covered threads in which a core thread composed of one or more fibers is covered with a covering material primarily composed of vinyl chloride resin. The core threads may be either monofilament or multifilament, but monofilament is preferred from the perspectives of durability and fire resistance. Because vinyl chloride resin is not oil-repellent, covered threads covered with a covering material primarily composed of vinyl chloride resin do not prevent liquids other than water from flowing along the threads into the through-holes 5 formed in the fabric covering flooring 3. Therefore, it is preferable to form the fabric layer 30 using yarn that does not have oil repellency, such as covered yarn that is covered with a covering material whose main component is vinyl chloride resin.

[0046] The thickness of the fabric layer 30 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.4 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less.

[0047] 4, the backing layer 31 includes a first layer 32, a second layer 33, and a reinforcing layer 34 and a cushion layer 35 disposed between the first layer 32 and the second layer 33. The backing layer 31 has a multi-layer structure in which the first layer 32, the reinforcing layer 34, the cushion layer 35, and the second layer 33 are laminated in this order from the surface side.

[0048] The first layer 32 is a layer that joins the fabric layer 30 to the backing layer 31. The second layer 33 is a layer that backs the fabric layer 30 and increases the strength of the fabric skin flooring material 3. The reinforcing layer 34 is a layer that is provided between the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 and that reinforces the backing layer 31. The cushioning layer 35 is a layer that increases the shock absorption properties of the fabric skin flooring material 3.

[0049] The first layer 32 and the second layer 33 are resin layers formed from synthetic resin. When the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 are resin layers, the backing layer 31 has a structure in which the reinforcing layer 34 and the cushioning layer 35 are included as part of the resin layer. The synthetic resin forming the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 is not particularly limited, but examples include PVC-based resins such as vinyl chloride resin, EVA-based resins such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, APP-based resins such as APP resin, and PUR-based resins such as polyurethane. The first layer 32 and the second layer 33 formed from PVC-based resins are excellent in terms of processability, durability, and cost. Therefore, it is preferable to form the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 using PVC-based resins. When the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 are formed from PVC-based resins, such as vinyl chloride paste, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 are fused to the other layers by gelation due to heat. This allows the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 to be bonded to the other layers without using adhesives and with greater strength than adhesives. In particular, when the fabric layer 30 is formed using covering yarns whose main component is vinyl chloride resin, the vinyl chloride resins have a high affinity with each other, allowing for stronger bonding between the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 and the fabric layer 30. This prevents the covering yarns from coming loose even when multiple through-holes 5 are formed in the fabric surface flooring material 3, and allows for increased strength in the fabric surface flooring material 3.

[0050] The thickness of the first layer 32 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably 0.8 mm to 2.0 mm. The thickness of the second layer 33 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 0.5 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm. The thickness of the first layer 32 and the thickness of the second layer 33 may be the same or different.

[0051] The first layer 32 and the second layer 33 may be foamed or non-foamed resin layers. Foamed resin layers can provide cushioning and reduce the weight of the textile flooring material 3. Foamed resin layers can also reduce the thermal conductivity of the textile flooring material 3, improving the fire resistance of the textile flooring material 3. Therefore, foamed resin layers are preferred. When foamed resin layers are used, the foaming ratio is preferably between 1.01 and 1.50. At least one of the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 may be a non-foamed resin layer.

[0052] The foam resin of the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 is preferably a closed-cell foam such as a microcapsule or a mechanically foamed foam rather than an open-cell foam produced by chemical foaming. If the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 are closed-cell resin layers, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 have low thermal conductivity and are less susceptible to liquid penetration, resulting in excellent fire resistance. Furthermore, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 also have excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 can be both durable and fire-resistant. At least one of the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 may be an open-cell resin layer.

[0053] To improve the durability of the textile flooring material 3, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 preferably contain 5.0 to 90.0% by weight of inorganic filler, and more preferably 20.0 to 70.0% by weight of inorganic filler. Examples of inorganic fillers include calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, barium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, clay, talc, mica, and eggshell. Furthermore, by including 5.0% or more by weight of inorganic filler in the first layer 32 and the second layer 33, the flame retardancy of the textile flooring material 3 can be improved and the calories burned can be reduced.

[0054] The reinforcing layer 34 can be formed using, for example, a sheet-like fiber aggregate such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric. Examples of fibers forming the reinforcing layer 34 include inorganic fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber, as well as synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide, and polyolefin fibers, and natural fibers. Woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers have excellent fire resistance and maintain high durability even when multiple through-holes are formed. Therefore, it is preferable to use woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers for the reinforcing layer 34. Among these, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber have excellent physical property stability, such as dimensional stability and reduced warping, and also excellent fire resistance. Therefore, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber are suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 34. Furthermore, nonwoven fabrics are preferable for use in the reinforcing layer 34 because they offer excellent dimensional stability, suppression of surface show-through, and ability to conceal unevenness on the construction surface. In particular, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers (glass mats) are excellent in dimensional stability, suppression of show-through, and concealment of unevenness on the construction surface, and when impregnated with a resin material such as a vinyl chloride resin paste, the resin material bonds integrally around the glass fibers to form a strong layer. Therefore, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers are particularly suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 34.

[0055] The thickness of the reinforcing layer 34 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. The basis weight of the reinforcing layer 34 is not particularly limited, but can be 10 g / m 2 More than 100g / m 2 The following can be given as examples.

[0056] The reinforcing layer 34 does not necessarily have to be provided between the first layer 24 and the second layer 25 , but may be provided on the back surface of the second layer 33 .

[0057] A reinforcing layer having a similar structure to the reinforcing layer 34 may be further provided in the middle of the second layer 33 or on the back surface of the second layer 33, as required.

[0058] The cushion layer 35 can be formed using, for example, felt. Examples of fibers that form the cushion layer 35 include synthetic resins such as polyester resin, polypropylene resin, and nylon fiber. Including the cushion layer 35 in the backing layer 31 can improve walking comfort.

[0059] The thickness of the cushion layer 35 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1.0 mm or more and 3.0 mm or less.

[0060] The cushion layer 35 does not necessarily have to be provided between the first layer 24 and the second layer 25, but may be provided on the back surface of the second layer 33. Alternatively, the first layer 32 and the second layer 33 may be formed as an integrated resin layer, with the reinforcing layer 34 and the cushion layer 35 provided on the back surface of this resin layer.

[0061] When the floor finishing material 1 is a fabric surface flooring material 3, the total thickness Y is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as being 3.0 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less.

[0062] <Explanation of vinyl flooring materials> Referring to Figure 6, when the floor finishing material 1 is a vinyl flooring material 4, the floor finishing material 1 includes at least a resin layer 40. Note that Figure 6(A) shows an example where the vinyl flooring material 4 has a single layer structure, and Figures 6(B) and 6(C) show examples where the vinyl flooring material 4 has a multiple layer structure.

[0063] Single-layer vinyl flooring materials include single-layer vinyl floor sheets, single-layer vinyl floor tiles, and composition vinyl floor tiles. Multi-layer vinyl flooring materials include multi-layer vinyl floor sheets, foam multi-layer vinyl floor sheets, cushion flooring, and multi-layer vinyl floor tiles. Vinyl flooring materials 4 are specified in JIS A 5705:2016.

[0064] The resin layer 40 is a layer formed using vinyl resin such as vinyl chloride resin or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer as well as plasticizers and stabilizers as main raw materials, with additives such as fillers, colorants, foaming agents, etc. added as needed. The amount of plasticizer contained in the raw materials of the resin layer 40 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5.0% by mass or more and 40.0% by mass or less.

[0065] The thickness of the resin layer 40 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less.

[0066] The resin layer 40 may be foamed or non-foamed. If the resin layer 40 is foamed, it can provide cushioning properties to the vinyl flooring material 4 and further reduce the weight of the vinyl flooring material 4. Furthermore, if the resin layer 40 is foamed, the thermal conductivity of the resin layer 40 decreases, thereby improving the fire resistance of the resin layer 40. Therefore, it is preferable that the resin 40 is a foamed resin layer. If the resin layer 40 is a foamed resin layer, it is preferable that the foaming ratio is 1.01 times or more and 1.50 times or less.

[0067] The foamed resin of the resin layer 40 is preferably a closed-cell foam such as a microcapsule or a mechanically foamed resin rather than an open-cell foam produced by chemical foaming. If the resin layer 40 is a closed-cell resin layer, the resin layer 40 has low thermal conductivity and is less susceptible to liquid penetration, resulting in excellent fire resistance. Furthermore, the resin layer 40 also has excellent mechanical strength. Therefore, the resin layer 40 can be made to have both durability and fire resistance. However, the resin layer 40 may also be an open-cell resin layer.

[0068] To improve the durability of the vinyl flooring 4, the resin layer 40 preferably contains 5.0% to 90.0% by mass of inorganic filler, and more preferably 20.0% to 70.0% by mass of inorganic filler. Examples of inorganic fillers include calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, barium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, clay, talc, mica, and eggshell. By including 5.0% or more by mass of inorganic filler in the resin layer 40, the flame retardancy of the vinyl flooring 4 can be improved and the calories burned can be reduced.

[0069] The vinyl flooring material 4 may have a single-layer structure including only the resin layer 40 as shown in Figure 6(A), or a multi-layer structure including the resin layer 40 and other layers. For example, as shown in Figure 6(B), the multi-layer vinyl flooring material 4 further includes a surface layer 41 and a decorative layer 42 laminated on the front side of the resin layer 40, and a reinforcing layer 43 laminated on the back side of the resin layer 40.

[0070] The surface layer 41 is a layer for protecting the surface of the resin layer 40. The surface layer 41 is formed from vinyl resins such as vinyl chloride resins and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, as well as plasticizers and stabilizers, with additives such as fillers and colorants added as needed. The surface layer 41 may further contain silicone resins to impart antifouling properties. The surface layer 41 may be colored with pigments or may be colorless and transparent. If a layer laminated below the surface layer 41 has a design, the surface layer 41 is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent so that the displayed design can be seen, and is preferably colorless and transparent. The transparency of the surface layer 41 can be increased by reducing or eliminating the amount of inorganic fillers and pigments added.

[0071] The decorative layer 42 is provided between the surface layer 41 and the resin layer 40, and is a layer for displaying a design on the surface 10 of the vinyl flooring material 4. The decorative layer 42 can be formed, for example, from a film or sheet on which a design is printed.

[0072] The reinforcing layer 43 is a layer for reinforcing the resin layer 40. The reinforcing layer 43 can be formed using, for example, a sheet-like fiber aggregate such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, or a knitted fabric. The fibers forming the reinforcing layer 43 can be formed using, for example, an inorganic fiber such as glass fiber or carbon fiber, a synthetic fiber such as polyester or polyamide, or a natural fiber. Woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers have excellent fire resistance and maintain high durability even when multiple through-holes are formed. Therefore, it is preferable to use woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of inorganic fibers for the reinforcing layer 43. Among these, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber have excellent physical property stability, such as dimensional stability and reduced warping, as well as excellent fire resistance. Therefore, woven fabrics or nonwoven fabrics made of glass fiber are suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 43. Furthermore, nonwoven fabrics are preferable for use in the reinforcing layer 43 because they are excellent in dimensional stability, suppression of surface show-through, and ability to conceal unevenness on the construction surface. In particular, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers (glass mats) are excellent in dimensional stability, suppression of show-through, and concealment of unevenness on the construction surface, and when impregnated with a resin material such as a vinyl chloride resin paste, the resin material bonds integrally around the glass fibers to form a strong layer. Therefore, nonwoven fabrics made of glass fibers are particularly suitable for use in the reinforcing layer 43.

[0073] The thickness of the reinforcing layer 43 is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less. The basis weight of the reinforcing layer 43 is not particularly limited, but can be 10 g / m 2 More than 100g / m 2 The following can be given as examples: The reinforcing layer 43 does not necessarily have to be located as the bottom layer, as in the example shown in Figure 6(B). Also, the reinforcing layer 43 does not necessarily have to be included in the vinyl flooring material 4.

[0074] In FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B), the resin layer 40 may be formed of at least two layers, a first resin layer 40A and a second resin layer 40B, as shown in FIG. 6(C). A reinforcing layer 44 having a configuration similar to the reinforcing layer 43 may be interposed between the first resin layer 40A and the second resin layer 40B. The first resin layer 40A and the second resin layer 40B may be foamed or non-foamed, but foamed is preferred. The foaming ratio is preferably 1.01 times or more and 1.50 times or less. At least one of the first resin layer 40A and the second resin layer 40B may be a non-foamed resin layer.

[0075] A reinforcing layer having a similar configuration to the reinforcing layer 43 may be further provided in the middle of the first resin layer 40A, or may be further provided in the middle of the second resin layer 40B, as necessary.

[0076] Both the single-layer vinyl flooring 4 shown in FIG. 6(A) containing only the resin layer 40 and the multi-layer vinyl flooring 4 shown in FIG. 6(B) and other examples containing the resin layer 40 and other layers may further include a surface protective layer as the most superficial layer of the vinyl flooring 4. The surface protective layer protects the surfaces of the resin layer 40 and the surface layer 41. The surface protective layer is colorless and transparent or colored and transparent, preferably colorless and transparent, to allow the exposed design to be seen. The surface protective layer may contain an active energy ray-curable resin such as a UV-curable resin and, if necessary, various additives. Examples of additives include solvents, leveling agents, fine particles, fillers, dispersants, plasticizers, UV absorbers, surfactants, antioxidants, thixotropic agents, flame retardants, stabilizers, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, and antiviral agents. The surface protective layer may also be formed from wax.

[0077] The vinyl flooring material 4 can be coated with a surface protective layer such as ultraviolet curable resin or wax to improve drainage when liquids such as water are sprinkled on the floor. This can be particularly effective for composition vinyl floor tiles, which are single-layer vinyl flooring materials 4 with a binder content of less than 30% made from vinyl resin with plasticizers and stabilizers added.

[0078] When the floor finishing material 1 is a vinyl floor material 4, the total thickness Y is not particularly limited, but can be exemplified as 1.0 mm or more and 6.0 mm or less, preferably 1.5 mm or more and 5.5 mm or less.

[0079] <Explanation of through holes> 1 to 6, floor finishing material 1 has a plurality of through holes 5 formed at intervals, penetrating in the thickness direction from front surface 10 to back surface 11. Because floor finishing material 1 has a plurality of through holes 5, when a liquid such as water is sprinkled on the floor, the liquid passes through the plurality of through holes 5 and quickly passes through floor finishing material 1, which forms the outermost layer of the floor structure.

[0080] Even if a liquid other than water is sprinkled on the surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1, the plurality of through holes 5 can quickly prevent the liquid from remaining on the surface 10 side of the floor finishing material 1.

[0081] In this way, the floor finishing material 1 has a plurality of through holes 5 formed therein, thereby improving the drainage properties.

[0082] The planar shape of the through-hole 5 can be a circle as shown in the figure, or an oval, a square, or other polygonal shape. The through-hole 5 is not limited to the shape of the example described above, and can be formed in various shapes.

[0083] There is no particular limitation on the dimension S of the through hole 5. The dimension S of the through hole 5 refers to the diameter when the shape of the through hole 5 in a planar view is circular, and refers to the diameter of a circumscribed circle that encompasses the shape in a planar view when the shape is other than circular, such as an ellipse or a polygon.

[0084] From the viewpoint of allowing liquid to easily pass through the through holes 5, it is preferable that the dimension S of the through holes 5 is 2.5 mm or more. This allows liquid to pass through the floor finishing material 1 quickly. The larger the dimension S of the through holes 5, the more quickly liquid will pass through the floor finishing material 1, but the durability of the floor finishing material 1 will decrease accordingly. From the viewpoint of effectively improving both the drainage properties and durability of the floor finishing material 1, it is preferable that the dimension S of the through holes 5 is 10.0 mm or less.

[0085] It is more preferable that the dimension S of the through holes 5 is 3.0 mm or more. This makes it difficult for dirt, dust, etc. to accumulate in the through holes 5, and prevents clogging of the through holes 5. It is also more preferable that the dimension S of the through holes 5 is 6.0 mm or less, and even more preferable that it is 4.0 mm or less. This makes the through holes 5 less noticeable even if multiple through holes 5 are formed in the floor finishing material 1. This prevents the multiple through holes 5 from damaging the appearance (outer appearance) of the floor finishing material 1.

[0086] The dimension S of the through-hole 5 is not particularly limited, but is set so that the angle θ, as defined below, relative to the total thickness Y of the floor finishing material 1 (in other words, the height of the through-hole 5) is preferably 30° or more, more preferably 45° or more, and even more preferably 60° or more. Here, the angle θ refers to the angle at which a line segment connecting an arbitrary position P1 on the periphery of the bottom surface of the cylinder and a position P2 on the periphery of the top surface of the cylinder, which is radially opposite to position P1, intersects with the top and bottom surfaces of the cylinder, assuming that the through-hole 5 is a cylinder (if the planar shape of the through-hole 5 is not circular, then the line segment is a cylinder whose top and bottom surfaces are the circumscribed circles that enclose the planar shape).

[0087] If this angle θ is 30° or more, when a person standing on the floor looks down at the floor finishing material 1 laid on the surface of the floor structure, the part of the floor structure below the floor finishing material 1 becomes difficult to see through the through-hole 5. This makes it possible to prevent damage to the appearance (appearance) of the floor finishing material 1. The greater the angle θ is than 30°, the more difficult it becomes to see through the through-hole 5 the part of the floor structure below the floor finishing material 1, making it possible to prevent damage to the appearance (appearance) of the floor finishing material 1.

[0088] The first interval D between the through holes 5 is not particularly limited. Here, the first interval D between the through holes 5 refers to the interval between one through hole 5 and the closest adjacent through hole 5 among the other adjacent through holes 5. That is, for example, referring to FIG. 8 , in the case where there is another through hole 5 adjacent to one through hole 5 at an interval of distance A and another through hole 5 adjacent to the same at an interval of distance B (B>A), the interval of distance A becomes the first interval D. Note that the interval between the through holes 5 refers to the distance between the centers of two adjacent through holes 5.

[0089] From the viewpoint of allowing liquid to easily pass through the through holes 5, the first spacing D of the through holes 5 is preferably 35.0 mm or less, and more preferably 25.0 mm or less. This allows liquid to pass through the floor finishing material 1 quickly. The smaller the first spacing D of the through holes 5, the more quickly the liquid will pass through the floor finishing material 1, but the durability of the floor finishing material 1 will decrease accordingly. From the viewpoint of favorably improving both the drainage properties and durability of the floor finishing material 1, the first spacing D of the through holes 5 is preferably 5.0 mm or more, more preferably 6.0 mm or more, and preferably 8.0 mm or more.

[0090] The larger the dimension S of the through holes 5, the larger the first spacing D of the through holes 5 needs to be in order to ensure the durability of the floor finishing material 1. On the other hand, the smaller the first spacing D of the through holes 5, the smaller the dimension S of the through holes 5 needs to be in order to ensure the durability of the floor finishing material 1. The relationship D / S between the dimension S of the through holes 5 and the first spacing D of the through holes 5 is 1.67 or more and 15.0 or less, preferably 2.3 or more and 13.0 or less, and more preferably 2.7 or more and 12.0 or less, thereby improving the drainage properties of the floor finishing material 1 and ensuring durability of the floor finishing material 1 that can prevent deformation of the floor finishing material 1 even when, for example, a chair with casters moves on the floor finishing material 1.

[0091] The ratio of the total open area of ​​the through holes 5 in the surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 is preferably 0.5% or more and 18.0% or less, and more preferably 0.5% or more and 13.0% or less. Here, the ratio of the total open area of ​​the through holes 5 is A2 × 100 / A1, which is the ratio of the total area A2 of the multiple through holes 5 opening in the surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 to the surface area A1, where A1 is the surface area of ​​the floor finishing material 1. The total area A2 is A3 × N, which is obtained by multiplying the area A3 of one through hole 5 opening in the surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 by the number N of through holes 5 formed in the surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1.

[0092] By setting the ratio of the total open area of ​​the through holes 5 to 0.5% or more, the drainage properties of the floor finishing material 1 are improved. This allows liquid to pass through the through holes 5 and quickly permeate the floor finishing material 1. Furthermore, by setting the ratio of the total open area of ​​the through holes 5 to 18.0% or less, a sufficient amount of non-perforated sheet portion of the floor finishing material 1 can be secured. This allows the durability of the floor finishing material 1 to be improved.

[0093] The plurality of through holes 5 can be formed over the entire area of ​​the floor covering material 1. This allows liquid sprinkled on the surface 10 of the floor covering material 1 to pass through the plurality of through holes 5 throughout the entire area of ​​the floor covering material 1 and pass through the floor covering material 1.

[0094] The multiple through holes 5 can be arranged in a grid pattern, for example, as shown in Fig. 7. In the example shown in Fig. 7, the multiple through holes 5 are arranged at intervals of a fixed distance A in a first direction (the horizontal direction in Fig. 7) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the floor finishing material 1. Furthermore, the multiple through holes 5 are arranged at intervals of a fixed distance A in a second direction (the vertical direction in Fig. 7) perpendicular to the first direction. In the example shown in Fig. 7, the multiple through holes 5 are arranged evenly throughout the entire floor finishing material 1, making it easier for liquid to pass through in a balanced manner throughout the entire floor finishing material 1.

[0095] Alternatively, the multiple through holes 5 can be arranged in a staggered pattern, as shown in FIG. 8 . In the example shown in FIG. 8 , the multiple through holes 5 are arranged at intervals of a fixed distance A in a first direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 8 ) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the floor finishing material 1. Furthermore, the multiple through holes 5 are arranged in a second direction (vertical direction in FIG. 8 ) perpendicular to the first direction, with the rows of through holes spaced at a fixed distance A in the first direction being offset by an interval A / 2 in the first direction. In the example shown in FIG. 8 , for each through hole 5, there are other through holes 5 adjacent thereto at an interval of distance A and other through holes 5 adjacent thereto at an interval of distance B (B>A). In the example shown in FIG. 8 , the number of through holes 5 per unit area is reduced compared to the example shown in FIG. 7 , and therefore the durability of the floor finishing material 1 is improved, although the drainage ability of the floor finishing material 1 is somewhat reduced.

[0096] When the through holes 5 are arranged in a staggered pattern, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the through holes 5 can be arranged so that each through hole 5 is spaced a constant distance A from all other adjacent through holes 5. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the through holes 5 are spaced a constant distance A apart in a first direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the floor finishing material 1, and are also spaced a constant distance A apart in a second direction intersecting the first direction at an angle of 60°. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the through holes 5 are evenly arranged throughout the entire floor finishing material 1, allowing liquid to pass through the entire floor finishing material 1 in a balanced manner. Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the number of through holes 5 per unit area is greater than in the example shown in FIG. 8, which slightly reduces the durability of the floor finishing material 1, but improves the drainage performance of the floor finishing material 1. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the number of through holes 5 per unit area is reduced compared to the example shown in FIG. 7, which makes it somewhat more difficult for liquid to pass through the floor finishing material 1, but improves the durability of the floor finishing material 1.

[0097] Alternatively, the plurality of through holes 5 can be arranged, for example, in an arrangement pattern shown in Fig. 10. In the example shown in Fig. 10, the plurality of through holes 5 are arranged in an arrangement pattern that excludes the through hole 5 located at the center of the through holes 5 arranged in a regular hexagon surrounded by a frame F in the arrangement pattern shown in Fig. 9. In the example shown in Fig. 10, the number of through holes 5 per unit area is reduced compared to the example shown in Fig. 9, and therefore the drainage ability of the floor finishing material 1 is somewhat reduced, but the durability of the floor finishing material 1 is improved.

[0098] Alternatively, the multiple through holes 5 can be arranged in an array pattern such as that shown in Fig. 11. In the example shown in Fig. 11, for each through hole 5, there are other through holes 5 adjacent to it at an interval of a distance A and other through holes 5 adjacent to it at an interval of a distance √A. In the example shown in Fig. 11, the number of through holes 5 per unit area is reduced compared to the example shown in Fig. 7, and therefore the drainage ability of the floor finishing material 1 is somewhat reduced, but the durability of the floor finishing material 1 is improved.

[0099] Alternatively, the plurality of through holes 5 can be arranged in an arrangement pattern, for example, as shown in FIG. 12. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the plurality of through holes 5 are arranged in a first direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 12) perpendicular to the thickness direction of the floor finishing material 1, with alternating intervals of a fixed distance A and a fixed distance C. Furthermore, the plurality of through holes 5 are arranged in a second direction (vertical direction in FIG. 12) perpendicular to the first direction, with rows of through holes arranged with alternating intervals of a fixed distance A and a fixed distance C, offset from each other in the first direction. In this way, the plurality of through holes 5 can be arranged in various arrangement patterns, and the arrangement pattern of the through holes 5 is not limited to the above-described example. Note that it is preferable that the dimension S of the through holes 5 and the intervals between adjacent through holes 5 are uniform in order to allow liquid to pass through evenly throughout the entire area of ​​the floor finishing material 1.

[0100] The plurality of through holes 5 are formed in the floor finishing material 1 using a tool such as a drill or a punch. The plurality of through holes 5 may be holes drilled with a tool from the front surface 10 to the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, or may be holes drilled with a tool from the back surface 11 to the front surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1. In this way, the plurality of through holes 5 may be formed from the front surface 10 to the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, or from the back surface 11 to the front surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1, but it is preferable that they are formed from the front surface 10 to the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1.

[0101] When the through-holes 5 are formed from the front surface 10 toward the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, the areas around the through-holes 5 on the front surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 are slightly sunken, as shown in Figure 13. This makes it easier for liquid to pass through the floor finishing material 1 at the front surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 through the through-holes 5, improving the drainage of the floor finishing material 1. Note that if the material of the floor finishing material 1 is hard, the sunken areas around the through-holes 5 on the front surface 10 of the floor finishing material 1 will not sink as much, and may only be slightly visible.

[0102] 13, the periphery of the through-hole 5 on the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1 protrudes slightly. Furthermore, cracks, chips, etc. occur around the through-hole 5 on the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, making the surface around the through-hole 5 rough in terms of smoothness. If the periphery of the through-hole 5 protrudes, it becomes difficult for liquid to pass through the through-hole 5 and through the floor finishing material 1, and the drainage properties of the floor finishing material 1 deteriorate. Therefore, if the through-holes 5 are formed from the front surface 10 toward the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, the deterioration of the drainage properties of the floor finishing material 1 can be prevented.

[0103] In particular, when the floor finishing material 1 is a composition vinyl floor tile, forming the through holes 5 from the front surface 10 to the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1 can effectively improve drainage.

[0104] Furthermore, since floor finishing material 1 is often used in a visible state as interior decoration within a building, it is also important to prevent deterioration of the aesthetic appearance. If through holes 5 are formed from front surface 10 toward back surface 11 of floor finishing material 1, the area around through holes 5 on back surface 11 may protrude slightly, or cracks or chips may occur, deteriorating the aesthetic appearance and making the material more susceptible to dirt. In particular, when floor finishing material 1 is a vinyl flooring material, no pile layer is formed on the surface, making the area around through holes 5 on front surface 10 easily visible. Therefore, forming through holes 5 from front surface 10 toward back surface 11 of floor finishing material 1 can prevent deterioration of the aesthetic appearance.

[0105] <Explanation of the effects and functions of floor finishing materials> The floor finishing material 1 of the above-described embodiment has a plurality of through holes 5 formed at intervals that penetrate the thickness direction from the front surface 10 side to the back surface 11 side. Therefore, when a liquid such as water is sprinkled on the surface, the liquid passes through the plurality of through holes 5, and thus quickly passes through the floor finishing material 1. Therefore, the floor finishing material 1 of the above-described embodiment can quickly drain the liquid.

[0106] The larger the dimension S of the through holes 5 and the smaller the first spacing D of the through holes 5, the lower the durability of the floor finishing material 1. By setting the relationship D / S between the dimension S of the through holes 5 and the first spacing D of the through holes 5 to be 1.67 or more and 15.0 or less, it is possible to improve the drainage ability of the floor finishing material 1 for each dimension S of the through holes 5 and ensure high durability.

[0107] When multiple through holes 5 are formed from the front surface 10 toward the back surface 11 of the floor finishing material 1, the surfaces 10 of the floor finishing material 1 are slightly sunken around the through holes 5. This also prevents cracks, chips, etc. from occurring around the through holes 5, making the surfaces around the through holes 5 rough. This improves the drainage properties of the floor finishing material 1.

[0108] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and are not limiting in any respect. The scope of the present invention is defined not by the above description but by the claims, and it is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims.

[0109] <Example> The effects of the floor covering material according to the present disclosure will be described in detail below using examples, although the floor covering material according to the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.

[0110] The floor finishing material of Test Example 1 is a carpet tile with a plurality of through holes formed therein. The carpet tile has dimensions of 250 mm in length and width. As shown in Figure 3, the carpet tile has a structure in which, from the surface side, a pile layer, a first layer (backing layer), a reinforcing layer (backing layer), and a second layer (backing layer) are laminated, with a total thickness of approximately 6.5 mm. The pile layer is formed by tufting pile into a base fabric made of nonwoven fabric formed from polyester fiber, and the thickness of the pile layer is approximately 3.7 mm. The first layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride resin, and the thickness of the first layer is approximately 1.2 mm. The reinforcing layer is a nonwoven fabric formed from glass fiber, and the thickness of the reinforcing layer is approximately 0.2 mm. The second layer is formed from polyvinyl chloride resin, and the thickness of the second layer is approximately 1.4 mm.

[0111] For Test Example 1, Samples 1 to 23 were prepared in which the size (diameter) of the through holes and the interval (first interval) between the through holes were changed. The shape of the through holes was circular in plan view. The multiple through holes were formed in each of Samples 1 to 23 in a lattice-like arrangement pattern shown in FIG. 7.

[0112] The floor finishing material of Test Example 2 was a sheet-shaped woven fabric flooring material (woven fabric tile flooring material) with multiple through-holes. The dimensions of the woven fabric tile flooring material were 250 mm in length and width. As shown in Figure 4, the woven fabric tile flooring material had a laminated structure consisting of, from the surface side, a woven fabric layer, a first layer (backing layer), a reinforcing layer (backing layer), a cushion layer (backing layer), and a second layer (backing layer), with a total thickness of approximately 4.5 mm. The woven fabric layer was a woven fabric formed from a covering yarn in which a core yarn made of polyester fiber monofilament was covered with a covering material primarily composed of vinyl chloride resin, and the thickness of the woven fabric layer was approximately 0.6 mm. The first layer was formed from vinyl chloride resin and was approximately 1.1 mm thick. The reinforcing layer was a nonwoven fabric formed from glass fiber and was approximately 0.2 mm thick. The cushion layer was a felt formed from polyester fiber and was approximately 1.4 mm thick. The second layer is formed of vinyl chloride resin and has a thickness of about 1.2 mm.

[0113] For Test Example 2, Samples 1 to 14 were prepared in which the size (diameter) of the through holes and the interval (first interval) between the through holes were changed. The shape of the through holes was circular in plan view. The multiple through holes were formed in each of Samples 1 to 14 in a lattice-like arrangement pattern shown in FIG. 7.

[0114] The floor finishing material in Test Example 3 is a sheet-shaped vinyl flooring material (vinyl floor tile) with multiple through holes formed therein. The vinyl floor tile has a length and width of 250 mm. In Test Example 3, Sample 1 is a multi-layer vinyl floor tile called "Loose Lay Tile 40NW-EX" manufactured by Toli Corporation. Samples 2 to 5 are multi-layer vinyl floor tiles called "Royal Stone" manufactured by Toli Corporation. Samples 6 to 9 are composition vinyl floor tiles called "Facesol Plus" manufactured by Toli Corporation. "Facesol Plus" has a wax-coated surface protective layer. Sample 10 is a composition vinyl floor tile called "Machiko V" manufactured by Toli Corporation. Sample 11 is a composition vinyl floor tile called "Dynamic Stone" manufactured by Toli Corporation. "Dynamic Stone" has a UV-curable resin-coated surface protective layer.

[0115] In Test Example 3, a plurality of through holes having different dimensions (diameters) and different intervals (first intervals) between the through holes were formed in each of Samples 1 to 11 by drilling holes from the front surface to the back surface. The through holes were circular in plan view. The plurality of through holes were formed in each of Samples 1 to 11 in a grid-like arrangement pattern as shown in FIG. 7.

[0116] First, for Test Examples 1, 2, and 3, the drainage properties of the floor finishing materials were confirmed by determining whether water quickly passes through the thickness of the floor finishing material when water is sprayed onto the surface of each sample. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0117] Next, a dimensional stability test was conducted on each sample for Test Examples 1 and 2 to measure durability. The dimensional stability test was conducted based on JIS L 4406:2008, measuring the dimensional change rate caused by a caster chair. Three test specimens were prepared for each sample in Test Examples 1 and 2, and the average values ​​of the length and width changes of the three test specimens were calculated. This average value was used as the dimensional change rate. A dimensional change rate of 0.20% or less indicates good dimensional stability, and the floor finishing material has high durability and is resistant to deformation even when a caster chair moves over it. The smaller the dimensional change rate, the better the dimensional stability. A dimensional change rate of 0.15% or less indicates excellent durability, and a dimensional change rate of 0.06% or less indicates even better durability.

[0118] In Test Example 1, the percent change in strength in the length direction (V direction, tuft direction) of each of Samples 1 to 23 was 0.06 or less, and the percent change in strength in the width direction (H direction perpendicular to the V direction) was as shown in Table 1 below, demonstrating high durability in all Samples 1 to 23. In Test Example 2, the percent change in strength in the length direction (V direction) of each of Samples 1 to 14 was 0.1 or less, and the percent change in strength in the width direction (H direction) was as shown in Table 2 below, demonstrating high durability in all Samples 1 to 14. The V direction is the conveyance direction on the manufacturing line at the factory, and the tuft direction is the direction in which the pile is tufted.

[0119] Furthermore, for Test Example 3, the dimensional change rate of each of Samples 1 to 11 was measured when heated. This test was performed by placing each of Samples 1 to 11 in an oven with an internal temperature of 80°C for 480 minutes, and then measuring the dimensional change rate of each of Samples 1 to 11. Three test specimens were prepared for each of Samples 1 to 11, and the average values ​​of the length and width change rates of the three test specimens were calculated. This average value was used as the dimensional change rate. If the dimensional change rate is ±0.15% or less, the dimensional stability is good, and the floor finishing material has high durability and is resistant to deformation even when heated. The smaller the dimensional change rate, the better the dimensional stability. If the dimensional change rate is ±0.10% or less, the floor finishing material has excellent durability, and if the dimensional change rate is ±0.05% or less, the floor finishing material has even better durability.

[0120] In Test Example 3, the change rate (%) in the length direction (V direction) of each of Samples 1 to 11 was 0.10 or less, and the change rate (%) in the width direction (H direction perpendicular to the V direction) was 0.06 or less. Therefore, all of Samples 1 to 11 had high durability.

[0121] [Table 1]

[0122] [Table 2]

[0123] [Table 3]

[0124] The results in Tables 1 and 2 show that when the through-hole dimension S is 2.5 mm or more and 10.0 m or less, and the through-hole spacing D is 6.0 mm or more and 35.0 m or less, the floor finishing material has good drainage and high durability. It can also be seen that in order for a floor finishing material to have good drainage and high durability, the D / S ratio is 1.67 or more and 15.0 m or less, preferably 2.3 or more and 13.0 m or less, and more preferably 2.7 or more and 12.0 m or less. The results in Table 3 also show that when the through-hole dimension S is 2.5 mm or more and 10.0 m or less, and the through-hole spacing D is 6.0 mm or more and 35.0 m or less, the floor finishing material has good drainage and high durability. It can also be seen that in order for a floor finishing material to have good drainage and high durability, the D / S ratio is 1.67 or more and 15.0 m or less, preferably 2.3 or more and 13.0 m or less, and more preferably 2.7 or more and 12.0 m or less.

[0125] Next, the appearance of the floor finishing materials for Test Examples 1 and 2 was observed to determine the effect of multiple through holes on the appearance of the floor finishing materials. The floor finishing materials for Test Examples 1 and 2 were arranged on a desk in a room lit by white fluorescent lights, and the floor finishing materials were visually inspected from a distance of approximately 160 cm from the surface of the floor finishing material. The appearance observation was subjected to a sensory evaluation by six testers. A rating of "S" was given for slightly visible through holes that did not significantly affect the design, an "A" was given for visible through holes that caused a slight discomfort in the design, and a "B" was given for visible and noticeable through holes. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0126] [Table 4]

[0127] The results in Table 4 show that if the through-hole size is 4 mm or less, even if multiple through-holes are formed in the floor finishing material, the through-holes are not noticeable and the appearance (appearance) of the floor finishing material is not marred by the multiple through-holes.In addition, the results in Table 4 show that if the floor finishing material is carpet (Test Example 1), the appearance (appearance) of the floor finishing material is not marred by the multiple through-holes if the through-hole size is 6 mm or less.

[0128] Next, for Test Example 3, the total number of through holes (number of holes) formed in each of Samples 1 to 11, the number of through holes with defects such as chips when viewed from the surface of the sample (number of chipped holes), and the percentage of through holes with defects (hole chipping rate) were measured. The results are shown in Table 3. By forming multiple through holes from the front surface of the floor finishing material toward the back surface, it was possible to prevent defects such as chips from occurring in the through holes on the surface of the floor finishing material.

[0129] Next, for Test Example 3, a stiffness test was conducted to measure the stiffness at 23°C of each of Samples 1 to 11. For the stiffness test, a test piece measuring 25 mm in length (first direction length) and 100 mm in width (second direction length) was prepared for each of Samples 1 to 11, and the stiffness of the test piece was measured using an Olsen stiffness tester (manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) according to the following procedure.

[0130] (1) Place the test piece and the test machine in a constant temperature room at 23°C and 50% RH and leave them there for 16 hours. (2) Place the testing machine on a roughly horizontal table and adjust the horizontal adjustment screw using a spirit level to make it level. (3) Set the distance between the supports using a straightedge (150 mm, JIS C type Class 1) and secure it with the support fixing screw. (4) Remove the stopper, set the deviation angle scale plate free, and balance it with the balance weight so that the disc can stop anywhere. (5) Apply the specified load to the weight hanger and confirm that the load scale needle points to 0 on the load scale plate. (6) Continuously, inch the inching selector switch, push the start / reverse switch to start or reverse, and release the switch when the deviation angle scale pointer reaches deviation angle scale 0 to stop. (7) Place the test piece in the chuck with the surface facing up, switch the continuous / inching changeover switch continuously, turn the switch ON in the start direction, and rotate the turntable to the right. (8) After reading the load scale when the deflection angle scale pointer reaches the specified deflection angle, stop it, return it to its original position with the reverse switch, and remove the test piece. (9) Measure the thickness of the test piece with a micrometer. (10) Measurements are carried out in a room at normal temperature and pressure of 23°C, with the distance between the support points of the testing machine set to 40 mm, the load set to 2 pounds, and the reading angle set to 4°.

[0131] Then, the stiffness (kg / cm) was calculated by substituting the following formula based on JIS K7106-1995, 8.3 (6) formula. 2 ) was calculated.

[0132] Formula: 4 x (distance between supports) x (load) x (reading value) x (constant) ÷ (length of test piece in first direction) ÷ (thickness of test piece) 3 ÷100÷(reading angle)

[0133] In the above formula, the "distance between supports," "load," and "reading angle" are as described in (10) above, the "reading value" is the value of the load scale read as described in (8) above, the "constant" is 2.30, the "length of the test piece in the first direction" is as described above, and the "thickness of the test piece" is as described in (9) above.

[0134] The results of measuring the rigidity of Samples 1 to 11 in Test Example 3 are shown in Table 3. The results of measuring the rigidity of comparative samples made of the same material as Samples 1 to 11 but without multiple through holes are also shown in Table 3. The rigidity of the comparative samples is shown in parentheses to the right of the rigidity of Samples 1 to 11.

[0135] In Test Example 3, the rigidity of each of Samples 1 to 11 was almost equal to that of the corresponding comparative sample. Therefore, in all of Samples 1 to 11, there was no significant change in rigidity even when multiple through holes were formed.

[0136] Next, for Test Example 3, Samples 12 and 13 were prepared by forming multiple through holes with the same dimensions S and spacing D from the back surface of the floor tile into a composition vinyl floor tile made of the same material as Samples 6 and 11, from the back surface to the front surface. For Samples 12 and 13, the number of holes, the number of chipped holes, and the chipped hole rate were measured, and the results are shown in Table 5. Additionally, for Samples 6 and 11 to 13, 0.1 L of water was sprayed onto the surface of each sample, and the amount of water remaining on the surface of each sample after 90 seconds had passed was measured. The percentage of water remaining on the surface of each sample is shown in Table 5.

[0137] [Table 5]

[0138] The results in Table 5 show that by forming multiple through holes from the front surface to the back surface of the floor finishing material, it is possible to prevent the drainage properties of the floor finishing material from deteriorating, achieve good drainage properties, and prevent the appearance of the floor finishing material from deteriorating. [Explanation of symbols]

[0139] 1 floor finishing material, 2 carpet, 3 woven fabric flooring material, 4 vinyl flooring material, 5 through-hole, 10 surface of floor finishing material, 11 back surface of floor finishing material, 20 pile layer, 21 backing layer, 30 woven fabric layer, 31 backing layer, 40 resin layer

Claims

1. A floor finishing material used as the outermost layer of a floor structure, A plurality of through holes are formed at intervals, penetrating in the thickness direction from the front surface side to the back surface side, A floor finishing material in which the relationship D / S between the dimension S of the through hole and the first distance D between the through hole and the closest adjacent through hole among the adjacent through holes to the through hole is 1.67 or more and 15.0 or less.

2. 2. The floor covering material according to claim 1, wherein the dimension S is equal to or greater than 2.5 mm and equal to or less than 10.0 mm.

3. 2. The floor finishing material according to claim 1, wherein the first distance D is equal to or greater than 5.0 mm and equal to or less than 35.0 mm.

4. 2. The floor finishing material according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the total open area of ​​the through holes is 0.5% or more and 18.0% or less.

5. The floor finishing material according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of through holes are arranged at the first interval D in each of a first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the thickness direction.

6. The floor finishing material according to claim 1 , wherein the through-holes are holes formed from the front surface toward the back surface.

7. 7. The floor covering material according to claim 1, wherein the floor covering material is any one of a carpet, a vinyl floor covering, and a fabric covering floor covering.

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