Working machinery

Abstract

To provide a machine tool capable of efficiently opening and closing a magazine cover. [Solution] The machine tool includes a tool magazine 130 and an opening / closing mechanism 150. A magazine cover 133 of the tool magazine 130 includes a first cover 134 and a second cover 135. The second cover 135 faces the first cover 134. The opening / closing mechanism 150 includes a first link 152B and a second link 152E. The first link 152B is connected to the first cover 134. The second link 152E is connected to the first link 152B and the second cover 135. When the first link 152B moves, the first cover 134 transitions from a closed state in which the magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover 133 is opened. When the first link 152B moves, the second link 152E moves, and the second cover 135 transitions from a closed state in which the magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover 133 is opened.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a machine tool. [Background technology]

[0002] The machine tool of Patent Document 1 includes a spindle, a work table, a tool storage section, and a tool magazine. The work table is disposed opposite the spindle on which tools are attached. The tool storage section is provided on the work table. A plurality of tools are stored in the tool storage section. The tool magazine includes a first cover and a second cover. When changing tools, the first cover and the second cover move away from each other to open the tool storage section. This enables the machine tool to change tools. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-47483 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In machine tools such as those described above, the first cover and the second cover must be moved every time a tool is changed, and therefore there is a demand for improved efficiency in opening and closing the covers.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that can efficiently open and close a magazine cover. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The machine tool of claim 1 comprises: a tool magazine having a spindle to which a tool can be attached, a tool holder that supports a plurality of tools, and a magazine cover that covers the periphery of the tool holder; and an opening / closing mechanism that opens and closes the magazine cover, wherein the magazine cover comprises a first cover and a second cover facing the first cover, and the opening / closing mechanism comprises a first link connected to the first cover and a second link connected to the first link and the second cover, wherein the first cover is displaced from a closed state in which the magazine cover is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover is open by movement of the first link, and the second cover is displaced from a closed state in which the magazine cover is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover is open by movement of the second link.

[0007] In the machine tool, the first cover and the second cover can be displaced to the open state simply by moving the first link, so the machine tool can efficiently open and close the magazine cover.

[0008] In the machine tool of claim 2, the opening / closing mechanism may include a first pivot link connected to the first link at a first connecting position and rotatable about a first axis located at a position different from that of the first connecting position, and the first cover may be displaced from the closed state to the open state by the first pivot link rotating about the first axis. The machine tool can move the first link with a simple configuration using the first pivot link.

[0009] In the machine tool of claim 3, the opening / closing mechanism includes a second rotary link connected to the first link at a second connection position closer to the second link than the first rotary link and rotatable about a second axis located at a different position from the second connection position, and a first distance between the first axis and the second axis may be the same as a second distance between the first connection position and the second connection position. When the first rotary link and the second rotary link rotate, the machine tool can move the first cover without changing the orientation of the first cover. Therefore, the machine tool 100 can reduce the range of movement of the first cover. This allows the machine tool to be made more compact.

[0010] In the machine tool of claim 4, the second pivot link may be a pair of second pivot links spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other, and the opening / closing mechanism may include a connecting shaft connecting the pair of second pivot links and a biasing member connected to the connecting shaft and biasing the connecting shaft so that the first cover is in the closed state. The machine tool can maintain the first cover in the closed state by biasing the connecting shaft. Because the machine tool biases the connecting shaft, the direct load on the first pivot link and the second pivot link can be reduced. Therefore, the machine tool can improve the durability of the opening / closing mechanism.

[0011] In the machine tool of claim 5, the tool magazine includes a support member that supports the tool holder, the support member including a pair of plate-like members spaced apart in the second direction, and a holding member that is provided across upper ends of the pair of plate-like members in the second direction and holds the tool holder, each of the pair of second pivot links being slidable in contact with a sliding portion of the plate-like member that faces the pair in the second direction, the sliding portion protruding toward the second pivot link, and a contact point with the second pivot link being flat. The machine tool can stabilize the position of the opening and closing mechanism in the second direction.

[0012] In the machine tool of claim 6, the tool magazine may include a support member that supports the tool holder, and the first pivot link may be in contact with the support member when the first cover is in the closed state. The machine tool can position the first cover in the closed state by the first pivot link.

[0013] The machine tool of claim 7 may include a base, a work support provided on the base and supporting a workpiece, a movement mechanism provided on the base and moving the work support in a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other, and a cam provided on the base. The tool magazine is disposed on the work support, and the first pivot link is rotated by the movement mechanism moving the work support in one direction with the cam and the first pivot link in contact with each other. The first cover may be displaced from the closed state to the open state by the first link moving in response to the rotation of the first pivot link. The machine tool can move the tool magazine along with the movement of the work support. Therefore, there is no need to provide a separate mechanism for moving the tool magazine. Furthermore, the machine tool can open the magazine cover of the tool magazine simply by moving the work support in one direction.

[0014] In the machine tool of claim 8, the tool magazine may be disposed at the end of the workpiece support part on the other side in the first direction. After cutting the workpiece, the machine tool moves the workpiece support part to one side in the first direction to perform tool change. Therefore, the machine tool can efficiently move the tool magazine when changing tools.

[0015] In the machine tool of claim 9, the upper end of the first cover may have a first inclined surface that slopes downward toward one side in a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other. During cutting, the first inclined surface guides dust and other particles generated from the workpiece downward without accumulating on the upper end of the first cover. Therefore, the machine tool can prevent dust and other particles from entering the inside of the cover.

[0016] In the machine tool of claim 10, when the first cover is in the closed state and the second cover is also in the closed state, an upper end of the first cover may be positioned higher than an upper end of the second cover. The machine tool can prevent dust and the like from entering the inside of the cover.

[0017] In the machine tool of claim 11, the upper surface of the second cover may have a second inclined surface that slopes downward toward the other side of the first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other. When cutting the workpiece, the second inclined surface guides dust generated from the workpiece downward without accumulating on the upper end of the second cover. Therefore, the machine tool can prevent dust and other particles from entering the inside of the cover.

[0018] In the machine tool of claim 12, the first cover may cover the tool holder from at least one side in a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other and from both sides in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the second cover may cover the tool holder from at least an upper side in a vertical direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction and from the other side in the first direction. The machine tool can protect the tool holder from dust and the like by the first cover and the second cover.

[0019] In the machine tool of claim 13, the second cover may rotate about a rotation axis extending in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other. The machine tool can smoothly rotate the second cover about the rotation axis.

[0020] In the machine tool of claim 14, the second cover may include a pair of cover members spaced apart in the second direction, the second link may be a pair of second links spaced apart in the second direction, each of the pair of second links connected to a lower end of the pair of cover members in a vertical direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and the rotation axis of the second cover may be above the second link and extend in the second direction at a center of the pair of cover members in the vertical direction and the first direction. This allows the machine tool to open and close the second cover with less force. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the machine tool 100 with the magazine cover 133 in a closed state. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the machine tool 100 with the magazine cover 133 in an open state. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a tool magazine 130. [Figure 4] 10 is a left side view of the tool magazine 130 with the magazine cover 133 in a closed state. FIG. [Figure 5] 10 is a left side view of the tool magazine 130 when the magazine cover 133 is in the process of being displaced to an open state. FIG. [Figure 6] 10 is a left side view of the tool magazine 130 with the magazine cover 133 in an open state. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in a tool changing process. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 7. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 8. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 9. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. [Figure 12]FIG. 12 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 12. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 13. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. 14. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a left side view of the machine tool 100 in the tool changing process, continuing from FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the mutually orthogonal left-right, up-down, and front-to-rear directions in the drawings will be used. The left-right, up-down, and front-to-rear directions of machine tool 100 correspond to the X-axis, Z-axis, and Y-axis directions of machine tool 100, respectively. Machine tool 100 executes a machining process and a tool changing process, which will be described later, under the control of a numerical control device (not shown).

[0023] 1 to 3, the machine tool 100 will be described. The machine tool 100 includes a base unit 180, an X-axis movement mechanism 170, a Z-axis movement mechanism 160, a spindle 110, a Y-axis movement mechanism 140, a workpiece support unit 120, a cam 151, a tool magazine 130, and an opening / closing mechanism 150.

[0024] The base unit 180 is a rectangular parallelepiped platform. The X-axis movement mechanism 170, the Z-axis movement mechanism 160, the spindle 110, the Y-axis movement mechanism 140, the workpiece support unit 120, the cam 151, the tool magazine 130, and the opening / closing mechanism 150 are provided on the base unit 180.

[0025] A pair of support pillars 190 are disposed at the rear end of the base portion 180. The pair of support pillars 190 are disposed with a gap between them in the left-right direction. The left support pillar 190 extends upward from the left rear end of the base portion 180. The right support pillar 190 extends upward from the right rear end of the base portion 180.

[0026] The X-axis movement mechanism 170 is disposed between the upper ends of a pair of support columns 190. The X-axis movement mechanism 170 guides the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 (described later) in the left-right direction. The X-axis movement mechanism 170 includes a first movement guide unit 172. The first movement guide unit 172 extends in the left-right direction. The first movement guide unit 172 includes, for example, a linear motion guide and a ball screw. The first movement guide unit 172 is driven, for example, by a motor (not shown).

[0027] The Z-axis movement mechanism 160 is disposed in front of the X-axis movement mechanism 170. The Z-axis movement mechanism 160 guides the spindle 110 (described later) in the up-down direction. The Z-axis movement mechanism 160 includes a second movement guide unit (not shown). The second movement guide unit extends in the up-down direction. The second movement guide unit includes, for example, a linear motion guide and a ball screw. The second movement guide unit is driven, for example, by a motor.

[0028] The spindle 110 is placed on the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 from the front. The spindle 110 moves up and down and left and right by the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 and the X-axis movement mechanism 170. A tool 20 for machining a workpiece can be attached to the spindle 110. The tool 20 is supported by a tool holder 21. The tool holder 21 is connected to the spindle 110, whereby the tool 20 is attached to the spindle 110.

[0029] The Y-axis movement mechanism 140 is disposed on the base unit 180. The Y-axis movement mechanism 140 includes, for example, a third movement guide unit 142. The third movement guide unit 142 extends in the front-rear direction at the center of the base unit 180 in the left-right direction. The third movement guide unit 142 includes, for example, a linear motion guide and a ball screw. The Y-axis movement mechanism 140 is driven by, for example, a motor.

[0030] The workpiece support unit 120 includes a base 126 , a rotation mechanism 124 , and a table 122 .

[0031] The base 126 is a platform that extends in the left-right direction. The base 126 is disposed on a third movement guide portion 142 of the Y-axis movement mechanism 140. The Y-axis movement mechanism 140 moves the base 126 in the front-rear direction along the third movement guide portion 142.

[0032] The rotation mechanism 124 is disposed on a base 126. The rotation mechanism 124 pivotally supports the table 122 from both the left and right sides. The rotation mechanism 124 rotates the table 122 about a rotation axis A. The rotation axis A of the table 122 extends in the left-right direction. A workpiece is fixed to the table 122.

[0033] The cams 151 are provided in a pair, one on the left and one on the right. The pair of cams 151 are arranged with a gap between them in the left-right direction. The pair of cams 151 are fixed to the center of the base portion 180 in the front-rear direction. The left cam 151 is fixed to the base portion 180 on the left side of the third movement guide portion 142. The right cam 151 is fixed to the base portion 180 on the right side of the third movement guide portion 142.

[0034] The cam 151 has a flat plate shape that extends vertically and longitudinally. The cam surface of the cam 151 faces, for example, rearward and downward. More specifically, the cam surface of the cam 151 is a curved surface that is concave toward the front and upper side.

[0035] The tool magazine 130 will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 6. The tool magazine 130 stores a plurality of tools 20. The tool magazine 130 is disposed at the rear end of the workpiece support part 120 (see Figures 1 and 2). More specifically, the tool magazine 130 is disposed at the rear end of the base 126. Therefore, the tool magazine 130 is movable in the front-rear direction together with the workpiece support part 120.

[0036] The tool magazine 130 includes a magazine cover 133, a support member 136, and the like.

[0037] The magazine cover 133 covers the periphery of the tool holder 21. Therefore, the magazine cover 133 protects the multiple tools 20. The magazine cover 133 is opened and closed by an opening / closing mechanism 150, which will be described later in detail.

[0038] The support member 136 includes a plate-shaped member 136A, a grip fixing portion 136B, and a grip arm 132. The support member 136 supports the tool holder 21 with these members.

[0039] The plate-like members 136A are provided in a pair on the left and right. The pair of plate-like members 136A are arranged with a gap between them in the left-right direction. Specifically, the lower end of the left plate-like member 136A is fixed to the left rear end of the base 126 with a bolt 131. The right plate-like member 136A is fixed to the right rear end of the base 126 with a bolt 131. Therefore, the pair of plate-like members 136A move in the front-rear direction together with the base 126.

[0040] For example, the left plate-like member 136A has a substantially triangular plate shape when viewed from the left side. The left plate-like member 136A has a shape in which the front-to-rear width narrows toward the top.

[0041] The left plate-like member 136A includes a hole 138, a sliding portion 155, and a recess 137.

[0042] The hole 138 is formed in the lower end of the plate-shaped member 136A and in the center in the front-rear direction. The hole 138 extends in the up-down direction and has an arc shape that bulges forward. The shape of the hole 138 follows the movement path of the first cover 134, which will be described later. The hole 138 penetrates the plate-shaped member 136A in the left-right direction.

[0043] The sliding portion 155 has a shape that follows the front end of the hole 138. In other words, the sliding portion 155 has an arc shape that extends in the vertical direction and bulges forward.

[0044] Additionally, the sliding portion 155 protrudes leftward toward a second rotating link 152F, which will be described later. The protruding end of the sliding portion 155 is flat. The second rotating link 152F, which will be described later, can come into contact with the flat surface of the sliding portion 155. In other words, the portion of the sliding portion 155 that comes into contact with the second rotating link 152F, which will be described later, is flat.

[0045] The recessed portion 137 is recessed upward from the center of the plate-shaped member 136A in the front-rear direction at the lower end of the plate-shaped member 136A.

[0046] The pair of plate-shaped members 136A have a symmetrical structure, and therefore, a description of the structure of the left plate-shaped member 136A will be omitted.

[0047] The grip fixing portion 136B is disposed across the upper ends of the pair of plate-like members 136A. The grip fixing portion 136B has a rectangular parallelepiped shape that extends in the left-right direction.

[0048] The multiple grip arms 132 are fixed to the upper surface of the grip fixing portion 136B with screws. The multiple grip arms 132 are arranged, for example, six in number, in the left-right direction. Therefore, the multiple grip arms 132 are arranged across the upper ends of the pair of plate-like members 136A in the left-right direction.

[0049] The grip arms 132 are L-shaped in left side view, extending upward and forward.

[0050] Each of the multiple grip arms 132 includes a holding portion 132A. The holding portion 132A extends forward in two branches. The holding portion 132A is roughly C-shaped in a plan view. The holding portion 132A opens forward. The holding portion 132A holds a tool holder 21 that supports a tool 20. The multiple tools 20 are lined up in a row in the left-right direction.

[0051] 3 to 6, the opening / closing mechanism 150 includes a link member 152, a connecting shaft 159, and a biasing member 157. These members allow the opening / closing mechanism 150 to displace the magazine cover 133 between a closed state and an open state.

[0052] A pair of link members 152 are provided, one on the left and one on the right. The pair of link members 152 are arranged with a gap between them in the left-right direction. The right link member 152 is arranged to the right of the right support member 136. The left link member 152 is arranged to the left of the left support member 136.

[0053] The left link member 152 includes a connecting piece 152D, a first pivot link 152A, a first link 152B, a second link 152E, and a second pivot link 152F. These members are connected by, for example, a pin connection.

[0054] The connection piece 152D is a plate member that is long in the vertical direction. The central portion of the connection piece 152D is fixed to the rear lower end portion of the support member 136. This determines the vertical position of the connection piece 152D.

[0055] The first rotating link 152A is an arm that extends linearly. A rear end E1 of the first rotating link 152A is connected to the lower end of the connecting piece 152D. The first rotating link 152A is rotatable about a first axis A1 located at the rear end E1. The first rotating link 152A is disposed directly below the plate-shaped member 136A. The first rotating link 152A is also disposed behind the cam 151.

[0056] A roller 152C is disposed at the center in the front-rear direction and at the lower end of the first rotating link 152A. The roller 152C abuts against the cam 151 and is movable along the cam surface of the cam 151.

[0057] The first link 152B is a plate-shaped arm that extends vertically. The lower end of the first link 152B is connected to the front end E2 of the first rotating link 152A. The position where the first rotating link 152A connects to the first link 152B is also referred to as the "first connection position P1." Note that the first connection position P1 and the position of the first axis A1 are different.

[0058] The upper end of the first link 152B is fixed to the first cover 134 of the magazine cover 133. Details will be described later.

[0059] The second link 152E is a plate-shaped arm extending in the front-rear direction. A front end E6 of the second link 152E is connected to the upper end of the first link 152B. A rear end E5 of the second link 152E is connected to the second cover 135 of the magazine cover 133. Details will be described later.

[0060] The second rotating link 152F is a plate-shaped arm that extends linearly and is disposed in parallel to the first rotating link 152A.

[0061] A rear end E3 of the second rotating link 152F is connected to the upper end of the connecting piece 152D. The second rotating link 152F is rotatable about a second axis A2 located at the rear end E3.

[0062] The front end E4 of the second rotating link 152F is connected to the vertical center of the first link 152B. The position where the second rotating link 152F is connected to the first link 152B is also referred to as the "second connecting position P2." Note that the second connecting position P2 and the position of the second axis A2 are different.

[0063] The second pivot link 152F is connected to the first link 152B at a position closer to the second link 152E than the first pivot link 152A. That is, the distance between the front end E4 of the second pivot link 152F and the front end E2 of the first pivot link 152A is longer than the distance between the front end E4 of the second pivot link 152F and the front end E6 of the second link 152E.

[0064] The right surface of the front end of the second rotating link 152F forms a contact portion 156. The contact portion 156 is in contact with the sliding portion 155 of the support member 136 from the left and is slidable.

[0065] As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the first distance L1 is the distance between the first axis A1 of the first rotating link 152A and the second axis A2 of the second rotating link 152F. The second distance L2 is the distance between the first connecting position P1 and the second connecting position P2. The first distance L1 is the same as the second distance L2. As a result, the first rotating link 152A and the second rotating link 152F form a parallel link.

[0066] The pair of link members 152 have a symmetrical structure, so a description of the right link member 152 will be omitted.

[0067] The connecting shaft 159 extends in the left-right direction between the left second rotating link 152F and the right second rotating link 152F. The left end of the connecting shaft 159 is fixed to the center of the left second rotating link 152F. The right end of the connecting shaft 159 is fixed to the center of the right second rotating link 152F. Therefore, the connecting shaft 159 connects the pair of second rotating links 152F.

[0068] The biasing member 157 is a tension spring. A pair of biasing members 157 is provided, one on the left and one on the right. The left biasing member 157 is disposed along the right surface of the left support member 136. The lower end of the left biasing member 157 is connected to the left end of the connecting shaft 159. The upper end of the left biasing member 157 is connected to the lower left end of the grip fixing portion 136B.

[0069] The right biasing member 157 is disposed along the left surface of the right support member 136. The lower end of the right biasing member 157 is connected to the right end of the connecting shaft 159. The upper end of the left biasing member 157 is connected to the lower right end of the grip fixing portion 136B. Therefore, the pair of biasing members 157 constantly bias the connecting shaft 159 diagonally upward and rearward.

[0070] 3 to 6, the magazine cover 133 includes a first cover 134 and a second cover 135. The first cover 134 is disposed in front of the second cover 135. In other words, the second cover 135 faces the first cover 134 in the front-rear direction.

[0071] The first cover 134 includes plate-shaped cover members 134A and 134B. The cover member 134A covers the tool holder 21 from the front side. The upper end of the cover member 134B is bent obliquely backward. The upper end of the cover member 134B forms an inclined surface 134C. The inclined surface 134C is inclined downward in a direction away from the second cover 135, i.e., toward the front.

[0072] The cover members 134B are provided in a pair on the left and right. The pair of cover members 134B are arranged with a gap between them in the left-right direction. The left cover member 134B covers the tool holder 21 from the left side. The right cover member 134B covers the tool holder 21 from the right side. In other words, the pair of cover members 134B cover the tool holder 21 from both the left and right sides.

[0073] The front lower end of the right cover member 134B is fixed to the upper end of the right first link 152B. The front lower end of the left cover member 134B is fixed to the upper end of the left first link 152B. Therefore, the first cover 134B moves in conjunction with the operation of the first link 152B.

[0074] The second cover 135 includes plate-shaped cover members 135A to 135D. The cover member 135A covers the tool holder 21 from the rear side.

[0075] The cover members 135C and 135D cover the tool holder 21 from above. The cover member 135D is connected to the rear end of the cover member 135C. The top surfaces of the cover members 135C and 135D slope downward in a direction away from the first cover 134, i.e., toward the rear. The slope of the top surface of the cover member 135D is steeper than the slope of the cover member 135C.

[0076] A pair of cover members 135B are provided on the left and right sides. The pair of cover members 135B are arranged with a gap between them in the left-right direction. The center portion of the left cover member 135B is rotatably supported on the upper end portion of the plate-shaped member 136A. The left cover member 135B covers the tool holder 21 from the left side.

[0077] The center portion of the right cover member 135B is rotatably supported on the upper end portion of the plate-shaped member 136A. The right cover member 135B covers the tool holder 21 from the right side. Therefore, the pair of cover members 135B covers the tool holder 21 from both the left and right sides.

[0078] The rotation axis B of the cover member 135B extends in the left-right direction at the center of the pair of cover members 135B in the up-down and front-rear directions. Here, the center refers to a position close to the center of gravity of the cover member 135B. This allows the cover member 135B to rotate smoothly. The rotation axis B is located above the second link 152E.

[0079] The rear lower end of the left cover member 135B is connected to the rear end E5 of the left second link 152E. The rear lower end of the right cover member 135B is connected to the rear end E5 of the right second link 152E. Therefore, when the second link 152E moves, the second cover 135 rotates about the rotation axis B.

[0080] The closed state of the magazine cover 133 will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 4. As shown in Figure 1, the first rotary link 152A of the opening / closing mechanism 150 is spaced apart from the cam 151 and disposed rearward.

[0081] The connecting shaft 159 is constantly urged upward by the urging member 157. This urges the second rotating link 152F upward. Therefore, the first link 152B is urged upward. Therefore, the first cover 134 is urged upward.

[0082] Meanwhile, as the first link 152B is biased upward, the rear end E5 of the second link 152E is biased upward, so that the second cover 135 is biased clockwise around the rotation axis B in left side view.

[0083] That is, the biasing member 157 biases the connecting shaft 159 so that the first cover 134 and the second cover 135 are in the closed state, and therefore the magazine cover 133 is maintained in the closed state.

[0084] When the magazine cover 133 is in the closed state, the front end of the first rotating link 152A abuts from below against the recessed portion 137 of the support member 136. This restricts the upward movement of the first cover 134 and the second cover 135.

[0085] The upper end of first cover 134 is positioned higher than the upper end of second cover 135. More specifically, the upper end of second cover 135 fits into the bent portion of the upper end of first cover 134. This causes the upper end of first cover 134 to cover the gap between it and the upper end of second cover 135.

[0086] The cover member 134B of the first cover 134 and the cover member 135B of the second cover 135 overlap each other in a left side view, thereby eliminating any gaps between the side surfaces of the first cover 134 and the second cover 135.

[0087] The machining process of machine tool 100 will now be described. During the machining process, magazine cover 133 is maintained in a closed state. When the machining process begins, machine tool 100 places a workpiece directly below spindle 110. Thereafter, machine tool 100 performs machining of various workpieces by moving workpiece support portion 120 back and forth and rotating table 122.

[0088] During the machining process, dust from the workpiece may scatter into the tool magazine 130. Even in this case, the magazine cover 133 can prevent dust from entering the magazine cover.

[0089] Furthermore, dust that falls onto magazine cover 133 is guided along inclined surface 134C to the front and lower side of first cover 134. On the other hand, in second cover 135, dust is guided to the rear and lower side of second cover 135 by the upper surfaces of cover members 135C and 135D. Therefore, dust is less likely to accumulate on magazine cover 133.

[0090] The tool changing process of machine tool 100 will be described with reference to Figures 7 to 16. In the following description, it is assumed that the machining process using current tool 20 has been completed. As shown in Figure 7, workpiece support part 120 is located directly below spindle 110. Magazine cover 133 of tool magazine 130 is in a closed state.

[0091] 7, machine tool 100 moves spindle 110 upward by Z-axis movement mechanism 160. Spindle 110, to which current tool 20 is attached, moves upward away from workpiece support portion 120.

[0092] As shown in FIG. 8, the machine tool 100 uses the Y-axis movement mechanism 140 to move the workpiece support part 120 forward.

[0093] As the tool magazine 130 moves forward, the roller 152C of the first pivot link 152A comes into contact with the cam surface of the cam 151. The roller 152C is guided downward along the cam surface against the upward biasing force of the biasing member 157.

[0094] The first rotary link 152A rotates clockwise around the first axis A1 in left side view. In this case, the second rotary link 152F also rotates clockwise together with the first rotary link 152A in left side view.

[0095] Rotation of first pivot link 152A causes first link 152B to move downward. As first link 152B moves downward, first cover 134 moves downward while tracing an arc. The movement path of first cover 134 is an arc shape that bulges forward. This movement path is determined by the parallel link between first pivot link 152A and second pivot link 152F.

[0096] Since the first distance L1 is the same as the second distance L2, the first cover 134 moves while maintaining the orientation of the first cover 134. In other words, the first cover 134 does not tilt in the front-rear direction.

[0097] The first cover 134 is displaced from a closed state in which the magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover 133 is opened.

[0098] Meanwhile, due to the downward movement of the first link 152B, the front end E6 of the second link 152E moves downward. Accordingly, the rear end E5 of the second link 152E moves downward. In this case, the second cover 135 rotates counterclockwise around the rotation axis B in left side view.

[0099] The second cover 135 is displaced from a closed state in which the magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover 133 is opened. Therefore, the forward movement of the tool magazine 130 causes the magazine cover 133 to be displaced from the closed state to the open state. The multiple tools 20 are exposed.

[0100] 9, the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 moves the spindle 110 downward. As a result, the tool holder 21 of the current tool 20 attached to the spindle 110 is positioned forward and away from the holding portion 132A of the grip arm 132. Note that the holding portion 132A of the spindle 110 facing the current tool 20 is not holding the tool holder 21.

[0101] 10, the Y-axis movement mechanism 140 moves the workpiece support part 120 forward. As a result, the tool holder 21 of the current tool 20 attached to the spindle 110 enters the opening of the holding part 132A. The tool holder 21 of the current tool 20 is held by the holding part 132A.

[0102] 11, the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 moves the spindle 110 upward. In this case, the connection between the spindle 110 and the tool holder 21 of the current tool 20 is released. The tool holder 21 of the current tool 20 is held by the holding portion 132A.

[0103] 12, the X-axis movement mechanism 170 moves the spindle 110 in either the left or right direction. The spindle 110 is disposed directly above the next tool 20.

[0104] 13, the spindle 110 is moved downward by the Z-axis movement mechanism 160. As a result, the spindle 110 is connected to the tool holder 21 of the next tool 20.

[0105] 14, the Y-axis movement mechanism 140 moves the workpiece support part 120 rearward. The holding part 132A of the grip arm 132 is released from the tool holder 21 of the next tool 20. As a result, the next tool 20 is attached to the spindle 110.

[0106] 15, the Z-axis movement mechanism 160 moves the spindle 110 upward together with the next tool 20. For example, the Y-axis movement mechanism 140 continues to move the tool magazine 130 rearward even while the spindle 110 is moving upward.

[0107] 16, the Y-axis movement mechanism 140 further moves the workpiece support part 120 rearward. The workpiece support part 120 is now positioned directly below the spindle 110. This makes it possible for the next tool 20 to machine the workpiece.

[0108] As the workpiece support part 120 moves rearward, the first pivot link 152A moves rearward away from the cam 151. In this case, the magazine cover 133 is displaced from the open state to the closed state in accordance with the upward biasing force of the biasing member 157. Therefore, the magazine cover 133 covers the tool holder 21.

[0109] The machine tool 100 completes the tool changing process and then performs machining of the workpiece with the next tool 20 after the change.

[0110] As described above, movement of first link 152B causes first cover 134 to transition from a closed state in which magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which magazine cover 133 is opened. Movement of first link 152B causes movement of second link 152E, causing second cover 135 to transition from a closed state in which magazine cover 133 is closed to an open state in which magazine cover 133 is opened.

[0111] In the machine tool 100, the first cover 134 and the second cover 135 can be displaced to the open state simply by moving the first link 152B. Therefore, the machine tool 100 can open and close the magazine cover 133 efficiently.

[0112] The first rotary link 152A is connected to the first link 152B at a first connection position P1. The first rotary link 152A is rotatable about a first axis A1, which is at a different position from the first connection position P1. When the first rotary link 152A rotates about the first axis A1, the first link 152B moves, and the first cover 134 is displaced from a closed state to an open state. The machine tool 100 can move the first link 152B with a simple configuration using the first rotary link 152A.

[0113] First distance L1 is the same as second distance L2. When first rotary link 152A and second rotary link 152F rotate, machine tool 100 can move first cover 134 without changing the posture of first cover 134. Therefore, machine tool 100 can reduce the range of movement of first cover 134. Therefore, machine tool 100 can be made more compact.

[0114] Furthermore, in machine tool 100, first rotating link 152A and second rotating link 152F are arranged in parallel. This distributes the load during rotation between first rotating link 152A and second rotating link 152F. This improves the durability of opening / closing mechanism 150. Therefore, machine tool 100 can open and close magazine cover 133 at high speed.

[0115] The biasing member 157 is connected to the connecting shaft 159 and biases the connecting shaft 159 so that the first cover 134 is in the closed state. By biasing the connecting shaft 159, the machine tool 100 can maintain the first cover 134 in the closed state. Because the machine tool 100 biases the connecting shaft 159, it is possible to reduce the direct load on the first rotating link 152A and the second rotating link 152F. Therefore, the machine tool 100 can improve the durability of the opening and closing mechanism 150.

[0116] Each of the pair of second rotating links 152F is able to slide in contact with a sliding portion 155 of the plate-like member 136A that faces it in the left-right direction. The sliding portion 155 protrudes toward the second rotating link 152F. The portion of the sliding portion 155 that comes into contact with the second rotating link 152F is flat. The machine tool 100 can stabilize the position of the opening and closing mechanism 150 in the left-right direction.

[0117] The tool magazine 130 includes a support member 136 that supports the tool holder 21. When the first cover 134 is in the closed state, the first pivot link 152A is in contact with the support member 136. The machine tool 100 can position the first cover 134 in the closed state by the first pivot link 152A.

[0118] The first rotary link 152A rotates when the Y-axis moving mechanism 140 moves the workpiece support unit 120 forward in the front-to-rear direction while the cam 151 and the first rotary link 152A are in contact with each other. The first cover 134 is displaced from a closed state to an open state when the first link 152B moves due to the rotation of the first rotary link 152A. The machine tool 100 can move the tool magazine 130 together with the movement of the workpiece support unit 120. Therefore, there is no need to provide a separate mechanism for moving the tool magazine 130. Furthermore, the machine tool 100 can open the magazine cover 133 of the tool magazine 130 simply by moving the workpiece support unit 120 in one direction, forward or backward.

[0119] The tool magazine 130 is disposed at the rear end of the workpiece support unit 120. After cutting the workpiece, the machine tool 100 moves the workpiece support unit 120 forward in the front-to-rear direction to perform tool change. Therefore, the machine tool 100 can efficiently move the tool magazine 130 when changing tools.

[0120] Inclined surface 134C of first cover 134 slopes downward as it approaches the front side in the front-to-rear direction. During cutting, inclined surface 134C guides dust and other particles generated from the workpiece downward without accumulating on first cover 134. Therefore, machine tool 100 can prevent dust and other particles from entering the inside of the cover.

[0121] When first cover 134 is in the closed state and second cover 135 is also in the closed state, the upper end of first cover 134 is positioned higher than the upper end of second cover 135. Machine tool 100 can prevent dust and the like from entering the inside of magazine cover 133.

[0122] The upper surfaces of cover members 135C and 135D slope downward toward the rear. When cutting a workpiece, cover members 135C and 135D guide dust generated from the workpiece downward without accumulating on the upper end of second cover 135. Therefore, machine tool 100 can prevent dust and other particles from entering the interior of the cover.

[0123] The first cover 134 covers the tool holder 21 from the front and both left and right sides. The second cover 135 covers the tool holder 21 from above, behind, and both left and right sides. The first cover 134 and the second cover 135 in the machine tool 100 can protect the tool holder 21 from dust and the like.

[0124] The second cover 135 rotates about a rotation axis B extending in the left-right direction. The machine tool 100 can rotate the second cover 135 about the rotation axis B smoothly.

[0125] The rotation axis B of the second cover 135 is located above the second link 152E and extends in the left-right direction at the center of the pair of cover members 135B in the up-down and front-rear directions. The machine tool 100 can open and close the second cover 135 with less force.

[0126] In the above description, the front-rear direction is an example of the "first direction" of the present invention. The front side is an example of the "one side of the first direction" of the present invention. The rear side is an example of the "other side of the first direction" of the present invention. The left-right direction is an example of the "second direction" of the present invention.

[0127] The Y-axis moving mechanism 140 is an example of a "moving mechanism" of the present invention. The grip arm 132 is an example of a "holding member" of the present invention. The inclined surface 134C of the cover member 134A is an example of a "first inclined surface" of the present invention. The upper surfaces of the cover members 135C and 135D are an example of a "second inclined surface" of the present invention.

[0128] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible. The techniques disclosed in the above-described embodiment and modifications can be combined to the extent that they are not inconsistent. The machine tool 100 is a vertical machine tool in which the Z axis of the spindle 110 extends vertically, but is not limited to this. The machine tool 100 may also be a horizontal machine tool in which the spindle 110 extends horizontally.

[0129] In the above embodiment, the spindle 110 is movable in the left-right and up-down directions, but this is not limiting. For example, the spindle 110 may be movable only in the up-down direction, or only in the left-right direction. Furthermore, the spindle 110 may be movable in the front-rear direction in addition to up-down and left-right directions. Furthermore, the spindle 110 may be immobile. In this case, the workpiece machining process and the tool changing process are achieved by moving the workpiece support part 120 and the tool magazine 130.

[0130] In the above embodiment, the workpiece support part 120 moves in the front-rear direction, but this is not limiting. For example, the workpiece support part 120 may also move left and right, up and down.

[0131] In the above embodiment, the table 122 rotates around the rotation axis A in the left-right direction, but this is not limited to this. For example, the table 122 may rotate around the rotation axis in the up-down direction or the front-back direction. Furthermore, the work support unit 120 may not be provided with the rotation mechanism 124 and may be configured only with the table 122.

[0132] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 can accommodate six tools 20, but this is not limited to this. For example, the tool magazine 130 may be able to accommodate five or fewer tools 20, or seven or more tools 20. Furthermore, the member that holds the tools 20 is not limited to the holding portion 132A, and may be any other member that can support the tools 20.

[0133] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 supports the plurality of tools 20 aligned in a line in the left-right direction, but this is not limiting. For example, the plurality of tools 20 may be supported aligned in multiple rows.

[0134] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 is disposed behind the workpiece support portion 120, but this is not limiting. For example, the tool magazine 130 may be disposed in front of, to the left of, or to the right of the workpiece support portion 120. Furthermore, it is only necessary that either the left or right first pivot link 152A abuts against the cam 151. The relative positions of the tool magazine 130 and the workpiece support portion 120 may be changed as appropriate.

[0135] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 is supported by the support member 136, but this is not limiting. For example, the grip arm 132 and the like may be directly disposed on the base 126 of the workpiece support portion 120.

[0136] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 moves together with the workpiece support unit 120, but this is not limited to this. The tool magazine 130 may move independently of the workpiece support unit 120. In this case, the machine tool 100 may be provided with a separate movement mechanism.

[0137] In the above embodiment, the first link 152B is moved downward by the first rotating link 152A and the second rotating link 152F, but this is not limited to this. For example, if the first link 152B can be moved downward, the first rotating link 152A and the second rotating link 152F may be omitted. For example, the first link 152B may be moved downward by the driving force of a motor. In this case, a transmission mechanism for transmitting the driving force of the motor is required, but the cam 151 is not required.

[0138] In the above embodiment, the roller 152C of the first rotating link 152A abuts against the cam 151, but this is not limiting. For example, any member that can slide on the cam 151 may be used instead of the roller 152C. For example, a member such as a cylinder may be fixed to the first rotating link 152A. Furthermore, the number and positions of the rollers 152C may be adjusted as necessary.

[0139] In the above embodiment, first rotating link 152A abuts against sliding portion 155 of support member 136 to restrict upward movement of magazine cover 133, but this is not limiting. For example, first rotating link 152A does not have to abut against sliding portion 155. For example, connecting shaft 159 may abut against the upper end of hole 138 to restrict upward movement of magazine cover 133.

[0140] In the above embodiment, the sliding portion 155 has a surface that protrudes toward the second rotating link 152F, but this is not limited to this. For example, the sliding portion 155 does not have to protrude. In other words, the surface of the plate-shaped member 136A may be used as the abutting surface.

[0141] In the above embodiment, the first rotating link 152A and the second rotating link 152F rotate to form the magazine cover 133, but this is not limiting. The second rotating link 152F may be omitted. Furthermore, if further strength is desired, an additional rotating link may be added. The number of rotating links may be adjusted as needed.

[0142] In the above embodiment, the magazine cover 133 is displaced from the closed state to the open state while maintaining its posture, but this is not limited to this. For example, the posture of the magazine cover 133 when displaced may be changed by setting the first distance L1 and the second distance L2 in the embodiment to different lengths. Even in this case, as long as the first pivot link 152A and the second pivot link 152F are arranged in parallel, the opening / closing mechanism 150 can achieve the above-mentioned improved durability and faster opening and closing.

[0143] In the above embodiment, the biasing members 157 are provided in a pair on the left and right, but this is not limited to this. The number of biasing members 157 may be one, or three or more. In either case, it is preferable that the biasing force on the connecting shaft 159 can be uniform. The biasing member 157 is not limited to a tension spring, and other spring members may be used as a substitute as long as they can bias the shaft upward. Also, the biasing member 157 may not be necessary.

[0144] In the above embodiment, the left biasing member 157 is arranged along the right surface of the left support member 136, but this is not limiting. For example, the left biasing member 157 may be arranged along the left surface of the left support member 136. Furthermore, the right biasing member 157 may be arranged along the right surface of the right biasing member 157.

[0145] In the above embodiment, the tool magazine 130 moves forward to open the first cover 134 and the second cover 135, but this is not limiting. The machine tool 100 may also move the cam 151 rearward relative to the tool magazine 130 to open the magazine cover 133.

[0146] In the above embodiment, the first cover 134 covers the front side and both left and right sides of the tool holder 21 with the cover members 134A and 134B, but this is not limiting. For example, the first cover 134 only needs to cover at least the front side and both left and right sides, and may further include an upper cover that covers the tool holder 21 from above.

[0147] Furthermore, the first cover 134 does not necessarily have to have the cover member 134B. Instead, the cover member 135B of the second cover 135 may cover both the left and right sides of the tool holder 21. In this case, the first link 152B may be connected to the cover member 134A of the first cover 134.

[0148] In the above embodiment, the second cover 135 covers the tool holder 21 from above, from behind, and from both the left and right sides with the cover members 135A to 135D, but this is not limiting. The second cover 135 does not have to include, for example, the cover member 135A. In other words, the second cover 135 only needs to cover at least the above side and both the left and right sides of the tool holder 21.

[0149] Also, the second cover 135 may not have, for example, the cover member 135B. In this case, it is sufficient that the cover member 134B of the first cover 134 covers both the left and right sides of the tool holder 21. In this case, it is sufficient that the second link 152E is connected to the cover member 135A of the second cover 135.

[0150] In the above embodiment, the plate-shaped member 136A is provided with the recessed portion 137, but this is not limiting. The recessed portion 137 may be omitted. It is sufficient that the first rotating link 152A can abut against the lower end portion of the plate-shaped member 136A from below.

[0151] In the above embodiment, machine tool 100 is automatically controlled by a numerical control device, but this is not limiting. The operation of machine tool 100 may be controlled by a user. In other words, the user may manually perform the machining process and the tool replacement process.

[0152] In the above embodiment, the tool changing process is performed in accordance with the steps shown in Figures 7 to 16, but is not limited to this. The tool changing process in the above embodiment may be modified as needed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0153] 20: Tools 21: Tool holder 100: Machine tools 110: Main shaft 120: Work support part 130: Tool magazine 132: Grip arm 132A: Holding part 133: Magazine cover 134: First cover 135: 2nd cover 134C: Inclined surface 135C, 135D: Cover member 136: Support member 136A: Plate-shaped member 136B: Grip fixing part 140:Y-axis movement mechanism 150: Opening and closing mechanism 151: Cam 152B: First link 152E: Second link 152A: First rotating link 152F: 2nd rotating link 155: Sliding part 157: biasing member 159: Connecting shaft 180: Base A1: First axis A2: 2nd axis B: Rotation axis L1: 1st distance L2: 2nd distance P1: First connection position P2: Second connection position

Claims

1. A spindle onto which a tool can be attached; a tool magazine including a tool holder for supporting a plurality of tools and a magazine cover for covering the tool holder; an opening / closing mechanism for opening and closing the magazine cover; Equipped with The magazine cover is A first cover; a second cover facing the first cover; Equipped with The opening and closing mechanism includes: a first link connected to the first cover; a second link connected to the first link and the second cover; Equipped with The first cover is When the first link moves, the magazine cover is displaced from a closed state in which the magazine cover is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover is opened, The second cover is A machine tool characterized in that movement of the first link causes movement of the second link, thereby changing the state in which the magazine cover is closed from a closed state in which the magazine cover is closed to an open state in which the magazine cover is open.

2. The opening and closing mechanism includes: a first rotary link connected to the first link at a first connection position and rotatable about a first axis located at a position different from that of the first connection position; The first cover is 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the first rotary link rotates about the first axis, thereby moving the first link and displacing the first link from the closed state to the open state.

3. The opening and closing mechanism includes: a second rotary link that is connected to the first link at a second connection position that is closer to the second link than the first rotary link and that is rotatable about a second axis that is located at a position different from the second connection position; 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein a first distance between the first axis and the second axis is the same as a second distance between the first connection position and the second connection position.

4. The second rotation links are a pair of second rotation links arranged at an interval in a second direction perpendicular to a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other, The opening and closing mechanism includes: a connecting shaft that connects the pair of second rotating links; 4. The machine tool according to claim 3, further comprising a biasing member connected to the connecting shaft, for biasing the connecting shaft so that the first cover is in the closed state.

5. The tool magazine includes: a support member for supporting the tool holder, The support member is a pair of plate-like members spaced apart in the second direction; a holding member that is provided between upper ends of the pair of plate-like members in the second direction and that holds the tool holder; Equipped with each of the pair of second rotating links is slidable in contact with a sliding portion of the plate-like member that faces the pair of second rotating links in the second direction; The sliding portion is protruding toward the second pivot link, 5. The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the contact point with the second rotary link is a flat surface.

6. The tool magazine includes: a support member for supporting the tool holder, When the first cover is in the closed state, 5. The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the first rotary link is in contact with the support member.

7. A base portion; a work support portion provided on the base portion and configured to support a work; a movement mechanism provided on the base portion and moving the work support portion in a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other; a cam provided on the base portion; Equipped with the tool magazine is disposed on the workpiece support; The first pivot link is With the cam and the first rotation link in contact with each other, the movement mechanism moves the work support part in one of the first directions to rotate the work support part, The first cover is 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the first link moves as a result of the first rotary link rotating, thereby displacing the closed state to the open state.

8. 8. The machine tool according to claim 7, wherein the tool magazine is disposed at the other end of the workpiece support part in the first direction.

9. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the first cover has a first inclined surface that slopes downward toward one side of a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other.

10. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein, when the first cover is in the closed state and the second cover is in the closed state, an upper end of the first cover is positioned higher than an upper end of the second cover.

11. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the second cover has a second inclined surface that slopes downward toward the other side of the first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other.

12. the first cover covers the tool holder from at least one side in a first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other and both sides in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the second cover covers the tool holder from at least an upper side in a vertical direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction, and from the other side in the first direction.

13. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the second cover rotates about a rotation axis extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction in which the first cover and the second cover face each other.

14. the second cover includes a pair of cover members spaced apart in the second direction, The second links are a pair of second links arranged at an interval in the second direction, each of the pair of second links is connected to a lower end of the pair of cover members in a vertical direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; The machine tool according to claim 13, characterized in that the pivot axis of the second cover is above the second link and extends in the second direction at a center portion of the pair of cover members in the vertical direction and the first direction.

Images