Building wall structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a wall structure that can improve fire resistance performance whether heating is performed indoors or outdoors. [Solution] The wall structure comprises a base batten (4) extending in the vertical direction and a facing material (21) attached to the base batten by a fixing member (3), wherein the base batten (4) includes a steel member (41) having a surface portion (411) that contacts the facing material and a wooden member (42) provided on the back side of the surface portion of the steel member. The fixing member (3) has a shaft portion (31) that is fixed to the surface portion of the steel member.

Description

Technical Field

[0006]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wall structure of a building, and particularly to a wall structure including a base rail extending in the vertical direction and a facing material attached to the base rail by a fixing member.

Background Art

[0002] As interior base rails for walls of buildings such as houses, grooved or square steel base rails (hereinafter referred to as "steel studs") and wooden base rails (hereinafter referred to as "wooden studs") are often adopted. In order to improve the fire resistance of building walls, techniques such as fixing the corners of interior facing materials to dedicated metal fittings have been proposed as in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2023-149548 (Patent Document 1).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] According to the technique of Patent Document 1, although it is possible to prevent the falling of gypsum boards during an indoor fire, the fire resistance performance during heating from the outdoor side (outside the house) is not considered.

[0005] The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its object is to provide a wall structure capable of improving fire resistance performance both during indoor heating and outdoor heating.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] In one embodiment, the steel member has a channel-shaped or rectangular cross-section, and the wooden member is placed in the internal space of the steel member.

[0008] In another embodiment, the steel member has a groove-shaped cross-section, and the depth dimension of the wooden member is greater than the depth dimension of the steel member.

[0009] Preferably, the side portion of the steel member and the wooden member are connected and fixed together.

[0010] In a configuration in which a steel member and a wooden member are connected and fixed by a fastening member that penetrates the surface and extends in the depth direction, it is desirable that the length of the fastening member be at least half the depth of the wooden member.

[0011] The steel member may be a deformed stud having a notch cut out from the back side in part of its longitudinal direction. In this case, the wooden member may have different depth dimensions in the notch and other general parts.

[0012] Typically, the wall structure is an exterior wall structure. In this case, the above-mentioned facing material is an interior facing material, and the wall structure further comprises exterior wall facing material positioned behind the battens, away from the battens. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, fire resistance can be improved whether heating is performed indoors or outdoors. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1]It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of an outer wall. [Figure 2] It is an explanatory diagram of the fire resistance performance of a general outer wall adopting steel studs. [Figure 3] It is an explanatory diagram of the fire resistance performance of a general outer wall adopting wooden studs. [Figure 4] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base rail in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] It is an explanatory diagram of the fire resistance performance of the base rail in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base rail in Modification 1 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base rail in Modification 2 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the base rail in Modification 3 of an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a perspective view schematically showing an example of using the base rail shown in FIG. 4 for an outer wall having braces. [Figure 10] It is a perspective view showing the base rail of FIG. 9 taken out. [Figure 11] It is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of a partition wall or a dividing wall.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0015] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail while referring to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are not repeated.

[0016] <Regarding the basic structure> FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the basic structure of an outer wall 1 according to the present embodiment. Arrow A1 in FIG. 1 indicates the outdoor direction (outdoor direction), and arrow A2 indicates the lateral direction of the outer wall 1. The same applies to the following figures.

[0017] The outer wall 1 includes a plurality of columns 11, a base crosspiece disposed between the columns 11, an interior finish material 21 such as a gypsum board disposed on the indoor side of the base crosspiece, and an outer wall panel 22 disposed on the outdoor side of the columns 11. The outer wall 1 shown in FIG. 1(A) employs a steel stud 12 as the base crosspiece, and the outer wall 1 shown in FIG. 1(B) employs a wooden stud 13 as the base crosspiece. The outer wall panel 22 has an outer wall facing material 25 disposed away from the base crosspiece.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 2 described later, for example, the steel stud 12 has a groove shape (substantially C-shaped cross section), and includes a surface portion 121 which is the attachment surface of the interior finish material 21, a pair of side portions 122, and a pair of lip portions 123 facing the surface portion 121. The steel stud 12 has an opening 120 between the pair of lip portions 123. The wooden stud 13 is composed of a solid square column.

[0019] The interior finish material 21 is attached to the steel stud 12 or the wooden stud 13 by a fixing member 3 such as a tapping screw. Specifically, in the wall structure of FIG. 1(A), the interior finish material 21 is attached to the steel stud 12 by screwing the shaft portion 31 (FIG. 2) of the fixing member 3 to the surface portion 121. In the wall structure of FIG. 1(B), the interior finish material  is attached to the wooden stud 13 by screwing the shaft portion 31 (FIG. 3) of the fixing member 3 to the wooden stud 13.

[0020] <Fire resistance performance of a general outer wall using steel studs> Referring to FIG. 2, the fire resistance performance of a general outer wall 1 using the steel stud 12 will be described. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the interior finish material 21 is attached to the grooved steel stud 12.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 2(A), during indoor heating (heating from the indoor side), heat may penetrate from the joint 210 of the interior finish material 21. However, since the steel stud 12 is a non-combustible material and does not burn, the holding force of the fixing member 3 is ensured (the shaft portion 31 remains screwed to the surface portion 121). Therefore, there is an advantage that the detachment of the interior finish material 21 can be delayed.

[0022] On the other hand, the steel studs 12 have the property of expanding when heated at high temperatures, resulting in increased elongation. Therefore, as shown in Figure 2(B), when heated outdoors (heated from the outside), the steel studs 12 expand due to thermal expansion, which can cause the joints 210 of the interior surface material 21 to open, potentially leading to fire leakage on the unheated side (indoor side). In particular, in the case of steel studs 12 with an open cross-section as shown in Figure 2, there is a concern that the joints 210 may open earlier than with steel studs with a closed cross-section (square), due to heat penetrating into the interior through the opening 120.

[0023] Thus, while steel studs 12 are advantageous against indoor heating, they tend to be disadvantageous against outdoor heating, especially in the case of open sections.

[0024] <Fire resistance performance of typical exterior walls using wooden studs> Referring to Figure 3, the fire resistance performance of a typical exterior wall 1 using wooden studs 13 will be explained.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3(A), when heated indoors, a carbonized layer R1 is generated on the indoor side of the wooden stud 13 due to high temperature, which shortens the engagement length of the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3. As a result, the holding power of the fixing member 3 is eventually lost, causing the screw to come loose and the interior surface material 21 to fall off. In this case, heat may penetrate the air layer inside the exterior wall 1, potentially causing buckling of the column 11 or affecting the exterior wall panel 22.

[0026] On the other hand, the wooden studs 13 have a lower thermal conductivity than the steel studs 12 (approximately 1 / 1000th the thermal conductivity of steel), and they also undergo less thermal expansion than the steel studs 12. Therefore, as shown in Figure 3(B), when heated outdoors, a carbonized layer R1 is formed on the outdoor side of the wooden studs 13, but an uncarbonized layer R2 is formed on the indoor side. This suppresses the temperature of the back surface of the interior surface material 21 in contact with the wooden studs 13 from becoming too high, and thus keeps the temperature of the joints 210 low.

[0027] Thus, wooden studs 13 tend to be advantageous against outdoor heating but disadvantageous against indoor heating.

[0028] Based on the above, it is considered that by reinforcing the steel studs 12, which are unfavorable for outdoor heating, with wood, and the wooden studs 13, which are unfavorable for indoor heating, with steel, the advantages of wood and steel can be utilized, and their weaknesses can be compensated for. In this embodiment, an example of a base batten configuration in which the member in contact with the interior surface material 21 is a steel member and a wooden member is placed on the back thereof will be described in detail.

[0029] <Example of base batten configuration> Referring to Figure 4, an example of the configuration of the base batten 4 in this embodiment will be described. The base batten 4 is a combination of a groove-shaped steel stud 41 and a wooden reinforcing member 42.

[0030] The steel stud 41, like the steel stud 12 shown in Figure 2, includes a surface portion 411, a pair of side portions 412, and a pair of lip portions 413 facing the surface portion 411. The steel stud 41 is typically used in sizes such as 50-70 mm in width and 40-60 mm in depth. The wooden reinforcing member 42 is a solid rectangular prism and is fitted into the internal space of the steel stud 41. The wooden reinforcing member 42 typically extends from the bottom to the top of the steel stud 41.

[0031] The wooden reinforcing member 42 is in contact with (or close to) the back surfaces of the surface portion 411 and the pair of side portions 412. Specifically, the indoor surface 421 of the wooden reinforcing member 42 is in contact with the surface portion 411, and both sides 422 of the wooden reinforcing member 42 are in contact with (surface contact with) the side portions 412. The depth dimension of the wooden reinforcing member 42 is preferably at least half the depth dimension of the steel stud 41, but as shown in the figure, the outdoor surface 423 of the wooden reinforcing member 42 may be spaced apart from the lip portion 413. The depth dimension of the wooden reinforcing member 42 is determined, for example, in the range of 20 mm to 35 mm.

[0032] It is desirable that the steel studs 41 and the wooden reinforcing members 42 are pre-integrated by fastening members 6. The fastening members 6 are typically tapping screws. In this embodiment, each side portion 412 of the steel studs 41 and the wooden reinforcing members 42 are connected and fixed by fastening members 6 provided at a constant pitch vertically. This allows the base battens 4 to be installed using the same procedure as the installation of general steel studs 12. Both vertical ends of the base battens 4 are fitted and fixed together with the wooden reinforcing members 42 to runners or the like (not shown).

[0033] In this embodiment, the fixing member 3 is installed from the indoor side such that the shaft portion 31 passes sequentially through the interior surface material 21, the surface portion 411 of the steel stud 41, and the wooden reinforcing member 42. In other words, the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3 is screwed into the surface portion 411 of the steel stud 41 and the wooden reinforcing member 52. This securely fixes the interior surface material 21 to the steel stud 41. The tip of the shaft portion 31 does not protrude from the wooden reinforcing member 42 and is located inside the wooden reinforcing member 42.

[0034] Since the interior surface material 21 is in contact with the surface portion 411 of the steel stud 41, good fire resistance can be maintained during indoor heating, as explained using Figure 2(A).

[0035] When heated outdoors, as shown in Figure 5, the heat that penetrates the internal space of the steel stud 41 creates a carbonized layer R1 on the outdoor side of the wooden reinforcing member 42, forming an uncarbonized layer R2 on the indoor side, and the part in contact with the surface 411 becomes a low-temperature region R3. This suppresses the penetration of heat into the joint 210 of the interior surface material 21. Furthermore, in the installed state, the steel stud 41 is restrained from the wooden reinforcing member 42 by the fastening member 6 and the fixing member 3, so thermal expansion is suppressed and the opening of the joint 210 can be reduced.

[0036] Thus, with the base plate 4, the insufficient fire resistance of the steel studs 41 when heated outdoors can be compensated for by the wooden reinforcing members 42.

[0037] Furthermore, since the base batten 4 is formed by integrating the steel stud 41 and the wooden reinforcing member 42, it not only provides fire resistance but also increases the second moment of area Ix, thereby improving load-bearing capacity. As a result, the cross-sectional area of ​​the base batten 4 can be made smaller than that of the steel stud 12 alone.

[0038] There may be a (slight) gap between the wooden reinforcing member 42 and the surface portion 411. Alternatively, there may be a (slight) gap between the wooden reinforcing member 42 and the side portion 412.

[0039] Furthermore, the base batten 4 of this embodiment can also be applied to an exterior wall having braces (diagonal members). In this case, as shown in Figure 9, the base batten 4 may have a notch 40 at the point of interference with the brace 15 arranged between the columns 11. In this case, as shown in Figure 10, a wooden reinforcing member 42 may be formed to match the position of the notch 41C provided on the back side of the steel stud 41. The wooden reinforcing member 42 has different depth dimensions D1 and D2 in the notch 41C and other general parts. In this way, it is also possible to improve the strength of the steel stud 41 by combining a long wooden reinforcing member 42 with a non-standard shaped stud having a notch 41C in a part of its longitudinal direction (vertical direction).

[0040] <Example 1> The base batten 4 shown in Figure 4 includes a grooved steel stud 41, but instead of the grooved steel stud 41, a square steel stud 41A may be used as shown in Figure 6. In other words, a base batten 4A combining a square steel stud 41A and a wooden reinforcing member 42 may be used. The steel stud 41A has a surface portion 411 that contacts the interior surface material 21, a pair of side portions 412, and a back portion 414 facing the surface portion 411, and the internal space is closed. In this case, the intrusion of heat into the internal space is suppressed when heated outdoors, so the fire resistance performance can be further improved.

[0041] <Modification 2> The base batten 4 shown in Figure 4 is constructed by combining a groove-shaped steel stud 41 and a wooden reinforcing member 42. However, as shown in Figure 7, it may also be constructed by combining a wooden stud 43 having the necessary cross-sectional area for the base batten with a steel reinforcing member 44. In other words, a base batten 4B may be adopted, which combines a wooden stud 43 with a steel reinforcing member 44 having a surface portion 441 that contacts the interior surface material 21. In this modified example, the depth dimension L1 of the wooden member is greater than the depth dimension L2 of the steel member.

[0042] The steel reinforcing member 44 has, for example, a substantially U-shaped cross-section and is fitted onto the indoor end of the wooden stud 43. The surface portion 441 of the steel reinforcing member 44 is in contact with (or close to) the indoor surface 431 of the wooden stud 43. A pair of short side portions 442 of the steel reinforcing member 44 are in contact with a portion (indoor end) of the side portion 432 of the wooden stud 43. The steel reinforcing member 44 is connected and fixed to the wooden stud 43 by fastening members 6 that penetrate the short side portions 442.

[0043] <Variation 3> The steel reinforcing member 44, which is combined with the wooden stud 43, only needs to include at least a surface portion 411 and may be made of a flat steel plate. In other words, as shown in Figure 8, the base batten 4C may be made of the wooden stud 43 and a flat steel reinforcing member 44A that forms the surface portion 411. In this case, the steel reinforcing member 44A is connected and fixed to the wooden stud 43 by a fastening member 6 that penetrates the surface portion 441 and extends in the depth direction.

[0044] The length dimension L3 of the fastening member 6 (insertion length into the wooden stud 43) is preferably 1 / 3 or more of the depth dimension L1 of the wooden stud 43, and more preferably 1 / 2 or more. As a result, even if heat penetrates to the indoor end of the wooden stud 43 through the surface portion 441 during indoor heating, the tip of the fastening member 6 is located in the uncarbonized area R2 on the outdoor side, so the steel reinforcing member 44A does not fall off, and the holding force of the fixing member 3 can be maintained. As a result, the detachment of the interior surface material 21 can be delayed. The depth dimension L1 of the wooden stud 43 is approximately the same as the depth dimension of the entire base batten 4C.

[0045] Furthermore, in the base batten 4B shown in Figure 7, fastening members 6 extending in the depth direction may also be used. Alternatively, even in the configuration shown in Figure 7 where the fastening members 6 are screwed in from both the left and right sides, the same effect as above can be obtained by making the fastening points by the fastening members 6 in the portion exceeding 1 / 3 of the depth dimension L2 of the wooden stud 43 (the outdoor side portion). In addition, the depth dimension of the wooden member may be determined such that the length dimension of the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3 for attaching the interior surface material 21 is 1 / 3 or more of the total depth dimension of the base batten.

[0046] <Other> In the above embodiment, the steel member of the base batten is configured to contact the interior surface material 21 on its surface. However, the surface of the steel member may be sandwiched between wooden members in the front-back direction. In other words, a wooden member may also be interposed between the surface of the steel member and the interior surface material 21.

[0047] Furthermore, although the above embodiment shows an example in which the shaft portion 31 of the fixing member 3 is screwed to the surface of the steel member, the shaft portion of the fixing member may also penetrate the surface of the steel member and be fixed (screwed) to the wooden member.

[0048] In the above embodiment, the exterior wall 1 was used as an example, but the above-described base battens can also be applied to walls equipped with interior facing materials 21 on both sides, such as the partition wall (or junction wall) 10 shown in Figure 11. Specifically, the steel studs 12, which are arranged back-to-back (or in a staggered pattern) as shown in Figure 11, can be replaced with the above-described base battens 4 (4A, 4B, 4C). In this case, the front of each interior facing material 21 can be interpreted as the interior side, and the back of the interior facing material 21 as the exterior side.

[0049] Furthermore, although the above embodiment was described using a batten extending in the vertical direction as an example, the same method can be applied to a batten extending in the horizontal direction of the wall.

[0050] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended to be included. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0051] 1: Exterior wall, 3: Fixing member, 4, 4A, 4B, 4C: Substrate batten, 6: Fastening member, 10: Partition wall, 11: Column, 12: Steel stud, 13: Wooden stud, 21: Interior sheathing material, 22: Exterior wall panel, 31: Shaft section, 41, 41A: Steel stud, 42: Wooden reinforcing member, 43: Wooden stud, 44, 44A: Steel reinforcing member.

Claims

1. A wall structure comprising a base batten extending in the vertical direction and a facing material attached to the base batten by a fixing member, The aforementioned base batten includes a steel member having a surface portion that contacts the surface material, and a wooden member provided on the back side of the surface portion of the steel member. The fixing member is a wall structure having a shaft portion that is fixed to the surface portion of the steel member.

2. The steel member has a channel-shaped or rectangular cross-sectional shape. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member is arranged in the internal space of the steel member.

3. The steel member has a channel-shaped cross-section. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the depth dimension of the wooden member is greater than the depth dimension of the steel member.

4. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the side portion of the steel member and the wooden member are connected and fixed together.

5. The steel member and the wooden member are connected and fixed by a fastening member that penetrates the surface portion and extends in the depth direction. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the length dimension of the fastening member is 1 / 2 or more of the depth dimension of the wooden member.

6. The aforementioned steel member is a deformed stud having a notch cut out from the back side in a part of its longitudinal direction. The wall structure according to claim 1, wherein the wooden member has different depth dimensions in the notched portion and other general portions.

7. The aforementioned surface material is an interior surface material, The wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an exterior wall surface material positioned away from the base batten on the back side of the base batten.

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