Tsunami shelter

Abstract

To provide tsunami shelters that can reliably protect evacuees from tsunamis caused by earthquakes. [Solution] A tsunami shelter 1 is constructed by stacking a triangular roof-shaped evacuation accommodation section 2, which has an evacuation space 6 inside, on the upper side of a buoyancy body 3, which is formed from expanded polystyrene resin into a roughly rectangular thick plate shape and has polyurea resin applied to its entire surface. With a tsunami shelter 1 constructed in this way, the buoyancy body 3 has extremely high impact resistance and abrasion resistance due to the application of polyurea resin. Therefore, even if the tsunami shelter 1 is swept away by a tsunami and its buoyancy body collides with floating objects such as driftwood, the buoyancy body will hardly be damaged, destroyed, or deformed as a result, and the shape of the tsunami shelter will be maintained, ensuring the safety of evacuees who board the tsunami shelter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter for evacuating people when a tsunami is generated due to an earthquake.

Background Art

[0002] Various types of tsunami shelters of this kind have been proposed conventionally. Classified from the functional aspect, For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, it is composed of a structure fixedly installed on the ground. When a tsunami occurs, evacuees are accommodated and evacuated in this tsunami shelter, and the evacuees are protected against the flow of the tsunami. This is a ground-fixed type of tsunami shelter. For example, as shown in Patent Document 2, it is installed on the ground or on the sea separated from the ground. When a tsunami occurs, a large number of evacuees are accommodated and evacuated inside it, and it floats on the sea along with the flow of the tsunami to protect the evacuees. It is roughly classified into a floating type of tsunami shelter.

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, regarding earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis, the following information has been disseminated from relevant government agencies and the like. (a) Earthquakes and accompanying tsunamis can occur at any time of the 24 hours of a day, either at night or during the day, and either during working hours or non-working hours. That is, it is not known whether evacuees can immediately take evacuation actions from the current situation.

[0005] (b) The time from the occurrence of an earthquake to the arrival of a tsunami at the coast is faster than one might imagine. For example, in the case of the Nankai Trough earthquake, which is expected to occur in the near future, the time from the occurrence of the tsunami to its arrival at the coast in areas close to the epicenter is expected to be about 2 minutes in Shizuoka Prefecture, 3 minutes in Wakayama Prefecture, 4 minutes in Mie Prefecture, 5 minutes in Kochi Prefecture, and 7 minutes in Tokushima Prefecture. Furthermore, even in areas far from the epicenter, it is predicted that the tsunami will arrive in approximately 10 to 15 minutes. This indicates that in many cases there will be very little time to take evacuation actions to save lives after a tsunami occurs.

[0006] Furthermore, the following points have been raised regarding evacuation actions during a tsunami: (h) If the distance from the current location to the evacuation facility is short, evacuation can be completed in a short time. However, if the distance is long, it is difficult to complete the evacuation in a short time. For example, if the affected person is elderly or a young or vulnerable person (e.g., a nursery school child, kindergarten child, or lower elementary school child), it will take time to move from the current location to the evacuation facility, making rapid evacuation difficult. (ii) Even if one manages to reach an evacuation site, if sufficient evacuation drills have not been conducted during normal times, it may take time to enter the evacuation site, making rapid evacuation difficult. This is particularly serious in situations where it is difficult to see one's footing, such as at night.

[0007] "Suitability as a tsunami shelter as shown in the above-mentioned patent documents" The tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 1 is a land-fixed type of tsunami shelter. Therefore, if the location of the tsunami shelter is far from where the evacuees are (which is the case most of the time), it is possible that the evacuees may not be able to reach the tsunami shelter by the time the tsunami arrives. This can also occur if the tsunami occurs during a non-active time, such as when people are sleeping, or during working hours when it is difficult to immediately interrupt work.

[0008] The tsunami shelter described in Patent Document 2 is a floating type of tsunami shelter, but because it is generally large, it is difficult to moor the tsunami shelter on the coast near evacuees during normal times, and it has to be moored to facilities such as ports. As a result, if the location of the evacuees and the mooring location are far apart, the same problems as in the case of Patent Document 1 are a concern. In addition, because the tsunami shelter is large and it takes time for many victims to be accommodated in the shelter, the worst-case scenario is that not all evacuees can be accommodated in the tsunami shelter before the tsunami arrives.

[0009] As described above, the tsunami shelters described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot be said to fully achieve the original function of a tsunami shelter, which is to reliably move evacuees to the tsunami shelter before the arrival of a tsunami following an earthquake and to house them there to protect them from tsunami damage.

[0010] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a tsunami shelter that can reliably protect evacuees from tsunamis caused by earthquakes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] Book In the tsunami shelter according to the first invention of the application, a triangular roof-shaped evacuation shelter section, with an evacuation space inside, is laminated to the upper side of a buoyancy body made of expanded polystyrene resin in a roughly rectangular thick plate shape and coated with polyurea resin on its entire surface, and is installed and held on the ground during normal times, while floating in the flow of the tsunami when a tsunami occurs. Tsunami shelter And, A recessed portion, roughly rectangular in plan view, is provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy body, while a base, roughly rectangular in plan view, is provided on the lower surface of the evacuation dwelling section. The buoyancy body and the evacuation dwelling section are fastened together with fixing bolts, with the base of the evacuation dwelling section fitted into the recessed portion of the buoyancy body.

[0012] This application Second invention In the tsunami shelters mentioned above, First invention In the tsunami shelter relating to the above, the upper surface of the peripheral wall of the buoyancy body is provided with an inclined surface that slopes downward toward the inward direction in the planar direction, and the lower end surface of the evacuation accommodation section is pressed against the inclined surface to ensure a seal between the buoyancy body and the evacuation accommodation section. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] (a) of the present application First invention According to the tsunami shelter described above, a buoyancy body is formed from expanded polystyrene resin in a roughly rectangular, thick plate shape, with polyurea resin coated on its entire surface. A triangular roof-shaped evacuation shelter, with an evacuation space inside, is stacked on the upper side of this buoyancy body. In normal times, it is installed and maintained on the ground, while in the event of a tsunami, it floats in the tsunami current. (a-1) Since the buoyancy body is made of expanded polystyrene resin and its entire surface is coated with polyurea resin, this polyurea resin coating layer has extremely high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and high waterproofness. Therefore, a buoyancy body with a polyurea resin coating layer has high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance. For example, even if a tsunami shelter is swept away by a tsunami and its buoyancy body collides with floating objects such as driftwood, the buoyancy body will hardly be damaged, destroyed, or deformed as a result, and the safety of evacuees boarding the tsunami shelter will be ensured. (a-2) The buoyancy material constituting a part of the tsunami shelter is made of expanded polystyrene resin, and the tsunami shelter as a whole is lightweight and has high buoyancy performance, so even if the tsunami shelter is carried away and shaken by a tsunami, it will maintain a good floating state and ensure the safety of evacuees who board the tsunami shelter. (a-3) Since a tsunami shelter equipped with a buoyancy body made of expanded polystyrene resin is lightweight, for example, during normal times the tsunami shelter can be installed on the ground near evacuees, while in the event of a tsunami, the tsunami shelter can be directly carried away by the tsunami current from its ground installation position and floated, thereby ensuring the safety of evacuees housed in its shelter. (a-4) Because the above-mentioned evacuation shelter has a triangular roof shape, for example, if floating objects such as driftwood collide with the roof portion of the above-mentioned evacuation shelter 2 while the tsunami shelter 1 is floating on the sea due to an earthquake, these will be smoothly removed from the roof 4 by the slope of the roof, thereby preventing damage to the tsunami shelter as much as possible. (a-5) During normal times, the tsunami shelter can be installed and maintained on the ground. For example, by installing the tsunami shelter in the playground of a nursery school or kindergarten, or on the grounds of a facility for the elderly, and allowing the evacuation area of ​​the tsunami shelter to be used on a daily basis as a playground or classroom for children, or as a recreation venue or rest room for the elderly, children and the elderly will be able to experience and become familiar with how to enter and exit the evacuation area of ​​the tsunami shelter on a daily basis. For example, in the event of an earthquake, they will be able to evacuate to the evacuation area quickly and accurately without confusion, thereby improving the evacuation protection performance of children and the elderly. In particular, ensuring the safety of children who live in a group setting within the facility during the daytime, away from the protection of their guardians, will be promoted, and consequently, the sense of security of the guardians will also be increased. These are some of the useful effects that can be obtained.

[0014] (b) moreover, This application First invention In addition to the effects described in (a) above, the following unique effects can be obtained in the tsunami shelter relating to this invention. That is, in this invention, a recessed portion in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view is provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy body, while a base in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view is provided on the lower surface of the evacuation accommodation portion, and the buoyancy body and the evacuation accommodation portion are fastened and fixed together with fixing bolts with the base of the evacuation accommodation portion fitted into the recessed portion of the buoyancy body, (b-1) Positioning of the buoyancy body and the evacuation shelter during the assembly of the tsunami shelter is easy, improving assembly work efficiency. (b-2) The connection strength between the above-mentioned evacuation shelter and the above-mentioned buoyancy body is high, improving the reliability of the tsunami shelter in use. (b-3) By tightening and loosening the fixing bolts, the buoyancy body and the evacuation shelter can be separated. For example, when installing or removing a tsunami shelter, the buoyancy body and the evacuation shelter can be separated and transported individually, thereby improving work efficiency. These effects can be obtained.

[0015] (c) of the present application Second invention In the tsunami shelters related to the above, (a) andIn addition to the effects described in (b), the following specific effects can be obtained. That is, in this Second In the invention, an inclined surface that slopes downward inward in the plane direction is provided on the upper surface of the peripheral wall of the buoyancy body. By pressing the lower end surface of the evacuation and accommodation part against the inclined surface, a sealing property between the buoyancy body and the evacuation and accommodation part is ensured. Therefore, the reliability of the tsunami shelter in the floating state on the sea is guaranteed, and by extension, the safety of the disaster victims evacuated and accommodated in the evacuation and accommodation part is ensured.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0016] [Figure 1] It is an overall perspective view of the tsunami shelter of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a view seen in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] It is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. 1. [Figure 5] It is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] It is a hidden view of FIG. 1. [Figure 7] It is an exploded perspective view of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG. 1.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0017] Hereinafter, the tsunami shelter according to the embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 respectively, the tsunami shelter 1 according to the present invention is configured to include an evacuation and accommodation part 2 and a buoyancy body 3 described below.

[0019] 「Configuration of the evacuation and accommodation part 2」 The evacuation shelter 2 is formed in a gable structure by a base 20 formed in the shape of a long rectangular frame by horizontal members 20A and vertical members 20B of predetermined dimensions, and a plurality of rafters 21 erected from the left and right vertical members 20B of the base 20. Furthermore, an insulating plate 22 is provided on the outer side of this gable structure so as to cover the upper surfaces of the left and right rafters 21, and a roofing material 23 made of galvanized steel sheet is attached in a stacked state to the upper side of the insulating plate 22 to form a triangular sloping roof 4, thereby constituting the evacuation shelter 2.

[0020] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, the insulation board 22 is a composite material in which board materials 22B and 22C are attached to the front and back surfaces of an insulation material 22A of the required thickness, respectively. In addition, a ridge retainer 44 is provided at the ridge portion of the upper end of the roof 4.

[0021] On the other hand, the lower end of the insulation board 22 is located near the upper surface of the base 20, while the lower end of the roof 4 extends further downward than the lower end of the insulation board 22, forming a space between it and the vertical member 20B of the base 20 for the upper end of the side wall portion 32 of the buoyancy body 3, which will be described later, to enter.

[0022] Furthermore, the front side of the evacuation shelter 2 is closed off by a wooden front wall 41 equipped with a door 43 and a skylight 45, as shown in Figure 2. On the other hand, the rear side of the evacuation shelter 2 is closed off by a wooden rear wall 42 equipped with a skylight 46, as shown in Figure 5.

[0026] The space enclosed by the roof 4, the front wall 41, and the rear wall 42 becomes the evacuation room 6 in the event of a tsunami. In normal times (when the tsunami shelter 1 is installed on the ground), if the tsunami shelter is installed in the playground of a nursery school or kindergarten, this evacuation room 6 is used as a play area or classroom for the children, and if the tsunami shelter is installed in a facility for the elderly, it is used as a recreation area or rest room.

[0023] As shown in Figures 5 and 6, several chairs 53 are provided inside the evacuation room 6 of the evacuation shelter 2. The seat of each chair 53 can be opened and closed, allowing for the storage of emergency supplies inside.

[0024] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, in the tsunami shelter 1, the door 43 is positioned high to prevent seawater from entering the evacuation room 6 while the shelter is floating on the sea. However, if the door 43 is positioned high, it may be difficult for users of the tsunami shelter 1 (evacuees), for example, to enter or exit the evacuation room 6 if they are small children or elderly people. Therefore, a ramp 5 is detachably attached to the front of the door 43.

[0025] "Composition of Buoyancy Body 3" The buoyancy body 3 is intended to provide the required buoyancy to the entire tsunami shelter 1, including the evacuation chamber 2 which houses a predetermined number of evacuees in the evacuation room 6, thereby enabling it to float on the sea. It is constructed by applying a coating layer 7 to the entire surface of a main body 31 formed from expanded polystyrene resin in a roughly rectangular, thick plate shape.

[0026] The buoyancy body 3, whose entire surface is covered with a polyurea resin coating layer 7, has high impact resistance, abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance based on the physical properties of the polyurea resin. Therefore, as will be described later, when the evacuation shelter 2 is laminated and fixed to the upper side of the buoyancy body 3 to form a tsunami shelter 1, even if the tsunami shelter 1 is carried away by a tsunami and collides with floating objects such as driftwood, it will hardly be damaged, destroyed, or deformed, and its function will be maintained. In this embodiment, the thickness of the polyurea resin coating layer 7 is set to about 2 mm.

[0027] The buoyancy body 3 comprises a main body portion 31 formed from expanded polystyrene resin in a substantially rectangular, thick plate shape. A recessed portion 33 of a predetermined depth is formed on the upper surface of this main body portion 31. The planar shape of this recessed portion 33 is set to be slightly larger than the outer dimensions of the base 20 of the buoyancy body 3, and its depth is set to approximately match the height dimension of the base 20.

[0028] Therefore, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the base 20 of the evacuation shelter 2 is fitted into the recessed portion 33 of the buoyancy body 3 from above, the side wall portion 32 of the buoyancy body 3 is located on the outside of the base 20. The thickness of this side wall portion 32 of the buoyancy body 3 is set to substantially match the gap between the base 20 of the evacuation shelter 2 and the inner surface of the lower end of the roof 4, as described above.

[0029] Furthermore, the upper surface of this side wall portion 32 is provided with an upward-sloping surface 34 that slopes upward inward in the planar direction from the outer peripheral end, and a downward-sloping surface 35 that slopes downward inward in the planar direction from the top of the upward-sloping surface 34.

[0030] "Integration and integration of evacuation shelter 2 and buoyancy body 3" The assembly of the evacuation shelter 2 and the buoyancy body 3 is performed by fitting the base 20 of the evacuation shelter 2 into the recessed portion 33 of the buoyancy body 3, as shown in Figure 3. In this fitted state, the base 20 of the evacuation shelter 2 and the buoyancy body 3 are fastened together by tightening fixing bolts 51 inserted through bolt holes 38 that are provided vertically through the base 20 and the main body portion 31 of the buoyancy body 3. A total of four fixing bolts 51 are provided, corresponding to the four corners of the main body portion 31 of the buoyancy body 3 (see the positions indicated by the four reference numerals 38 in Figure 7).

[0031] Furthermore, a base plate 36 made of a steel plate of a predetermined size is welded to one end of the fixing bolt 51. The reason for providing this base plate 36 is that the buoyancy body 3 is based on expanded polystyrene resin, and there is concern that the pressure-receiving part may deform due to the fastening force when the fixing bolt 51 is fastened. Therefore, the pressure-receiving area is enlarged to reduce the surface pressure on the expanded polystyrene resin side and obtain an appropriate fastening state.

[0032] Furthermore, in relation to the attachment of the fixing bolt 51 to the seat plate 36, a seat hole 39 is formed at the end of the bolt hole 38 on the main body portion 31 side of the buoyancy body 3. This seat hole 39 is slightly larger than the circumferential surface 36 of the seat plate and deeper than the thickness of the seat plate 36. Polyurea resin is pre-applied to the bottom surface of this seat hole 39. With this polyurea resin applied, the fixing bolt 51 is passed through the bolt hole 38 and the seat plate 36 is grounded from above the polyurea resin. In this state, the fixing bolt 51 is tightened to fasten and fix the base 20 of the evacuation dwelling section 2 and the main body portion 31 of the buoyancy body 3. After that, polyurea resin is newly applied to fill the seat hole 39 and integrate it with the coating layer 7 that has been formed on the entire surface of the main body portion 31 by the prior application.

[0033] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, when the evacuation dwelling section 2 is fitted into the recessed section 33 of the buoyancy body 3 and fastened with four fixing bolts 51, the top side of the side wall 32 of the buoyancy body 3 is fitted into the gap between the outer circumference of the base 20 of the evacuation dwelling section 2 and the inner surface of the lower end of the roof 4. In this case, the downward sloping surface 35 of the buoyancy body 3 presses against the lower end surface of the insulation plate 22 of the evacuation dwelling section 2, thereby ensuring a seal between the evacuation dwelling section 2 and the buoyancy body 3. To further enhance the seal, it is also possible to interpose an appropriate sealing material at this press contact point.

[0034] Furthermore, since the upward-sloping surface 34 of the side wall portion 32 of the buoyancy body 3 abuts against the inner surface of the roof 4 of the evacuation shelter 2, fastening the roof 4 and the base 20 with tightening screws 52 increases the connection strength between the evacuation shelter 2 and the buoyancy body 3, and also suppresses the entry of seawater from this contact portion to the seal portion, thereby further improving the sealing performance of the seal portion.

[0035] "Method of Use and Effects of Tsunami Shelter 1" (1) Normal times Under normal circumstances, the tsunami shelter 1 described above is installed on the ground. For example, if the target of evacuation protection is children living in a nursery school or kindergarten, the tsunami shelter 1 is placed on the playground of the facility, and if the target of evacuation protection is elderly people living in a nursing home, the tsunami shelter 1 is placed on the grounds of the facility (it is simply placed there and not fixed to the ground).

[0036] The installation process for the tsunami shelter 1 involves first placing the buoyancy body 3 in a predetermined position while the evacuation dwelling section 2 and the buoyancy body 3 are separated. Next, the evacuation dwelling section 2 is brought in and stacked on top of the buoyancy body 3 that was placed earlier. The base 20 of the evacuation dwelling section 2 and the main body 31 of the buoyancy body 3 are then fastened together with four fixing bolts 51 to form the tsunami shelter 1.

[0037] By transporting and assembling the evacuation shelter 2 and the buoyancy body 3 separately in this manner, compared to transporting and installing them as a single unit with the evacuation shelter 2 and buoyancy body 3 already assembled, the transport weight is smaller and the size is smaller, making the transport and assembly work easier, improving work efficiency, and reducing work costs.

[0038] After the installation of the tsunami shelter 1 is completed, the ramp 5 is installed on the front side of the door 43 of the evacuation accommodation section 2 to facilitate entry and exit to the evacuation room 6 of the evacuation accommodation section 2.

[0039] The installed tsunami shelter 1 is not simply left in its installed state, but is opened on a daily basis and used, for example, as a play area or classroom for kindergarten children, or as a rehabilitation venue or rest room for the elderly. By using the evacuation room 6 of the evacuation accommodation unit 2 on a daily basis in this way, kindergarten children and the elderly will learn how to enter and exit the evacuation room 6 of the evacuation accommodation unit 2, and will be able to evacuate to the evacuation room 6 of the evacuation accommodation unit 2 smoothly in the event of a tsunami caused by an earthquake.

[0040] Earthquakes and the resulting tsunamis cannot be predicted, and they may occur when the children are away from their parents' protection and living at the nursery school. In such circumstances, the fact that the children can safely and quickly evacuate to the evacuation room 6 of tsunami shelter 1 provides parents with unparalleled peace of mind.

[0041] (2) When an earthquake and tsunami occur In this case, immediate evacuation measures should be taken, and the children should take refuge in the evacuation room 6 of the tsunami shelter 1 and wait. When a tsunami strikes, the tsunami shelter 1 will be carried away and float, protecting the children who have taken refuge in the evacuation room 6, and preventing them from being swept away and injured, or in the worst case, dying.

[0042] The evacuation situation in the aforementioned evacuation room 6 may not be short-lived and could last for a long time. In such cases, it is possible to maintain one's physical condition by using the water and food stored in the chairs 53 in evacuation room 6 as needed. [Industrial applicability]

[0043] The tsunami shelter according to the present invention can be widely used in the disaster prevention industry. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0044] 1. Tsunami shelter 2 ··Evacuation and Shelter Area 3 ··Buoyancy body 4 ··Roof 5 ··Slope 6 ·Evacuation room 7 ·· Coating layer 20 ··Base 21 ··Rafters 22 ··Insulation board 23 ··Roofing materials 24 ··Floorboard 31 ··Main body 32 ··Side wall section 33 ·· sinkhole 34 ·· Ascending slope 35...Downward slope 36 · Seat board 38 bolt holes 39 · Seat hole 41 ·Front wall 42 · Rear wall 43 ··door 44 ··Ridge restraint 45 ·· Skylight 46 ·· Skylight 51 ·· Fixing bolt 52 ··Tightening screws 53 ·· Chair

Claims

1. A tsunami shelter characterized by being constructed by laminating a triangular roof-shaped evacuation shelter with an interior evacuation space onto the upper side of a buoyancy body made of expanded polystyrene resin in a roughly rectangular, thick plate shape and coated with polyurea resin on its entire surface, which is installed and held on the ground during normal times and floats in the flow of a tsunami when one occurs.

2. In claim 1, A tsunami shelter characterized in that a recessed section, roughly rectangular in plan view, is provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy body, while a base, roughly rectangular in plan view, is provided on the lower surface of the evacuation shelter, and the buoyancy body and the evacuation shelter are fastened together with fixing bolts with the base of the evacuation shelter fitted into the recessed section of the buoyancy body.

3. In claim 1 or 2, A tsunami shelter characterized in that the upper surface of the peripheral wall of the buoyancy body is provided with an inclined surface that slopes downward toward the inward direction in the planar direction, and the lower end surface of the evacuation shelter is pressed against the inclined surface to ensure a seal between the buoyancy body and the evacuation shelter.

4. In claim 1, 2, or 3, A tsunami shelter characterized by having rounded edges on the lower side of the buoyancy body.

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