Additives and lubricants for industrial lubricants

Abstract

To provide an additive for lubricants and a lubricant for turbine applications in which a high filterability as well as rust and water separation performances in the presence of water are maintained.SOLUTION: The additive package comprises: a rust-preventing mixture including an imidazoline derivative of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride combined with additives selected from a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, an acyl sarcosine compound, and mixtures thereof; and a corrosion inhibiting additive selected from at least a substituted benzotriazole, in which a weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the rust-preventing mixture to triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor is about 1:1 to about 2:1, and a ratio of at least one or more of the imidazoline derivatives in the additive package is 10 wt.% or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to additives and lubricants containing such additives for industrial applications, and in particular to lubricant additives and lubricants for turbine applications that maintain rust and water separation performance along with high filterability in the presence of water. [Background technology]

[0002] Industrial lubricants serve to cover a wide range of applications spanning turbine, gear, hydraulic, grease, and sliding surface applications. These high performance industrial lubricants must often pass demanding performance characteristics, and manufacturers tailor the fluids and additives in such fluids to meet the desired application. As such, fluids and additives for one application may not pass the minimum performance required for another application.

[0003] For example, turbine lubricants generally require very stringent performance requirements. Many turbine applications are exposed to the environment, steam, excessive heat, and other contaminants. Therefore, only the highest quality lubricants can withstand the wet conditions, high temperatures, and long periods of use associated with turbine operation. The nature and application of these fluids make them highly susceptible to contamination, especially from other lubricants and additives. Relatively small amounts of contamination can significantly affect the properties and expected life of these lubricants. Furthermore, to maintain effective operating conditions and minimize damage to the equipment in which they are used, turbine oils must be kept clean and substantially free of contaminants. Thus, filtration minimizes contamination.

[0004] To this end, many industrial lubricants, particularly turbine lubricants, generally meet minimum performance requirements related to rust prevention per ASTM D665B and / or demulsification per ASTM D1401. To achieve this, the fluids may contain rust inhibitor additives and demulsifiers, among other additives, to meet such requirements. However, with regard to lubricants for turbine applications, the commonly used rust inhibitor and demulsifier additives tend to adversely affect the recently developed filtration properties required by an increasing number of turbine operators.

[0005] The ability of a lubricating fluid to pass through a fine filter without clogging is commonly referred to as filterability. ISO 13357-1 provides a rigorous procedure for evaluating the filterability of lubricating oils that have been hot soaked in the presence of water. This so-called wet filterability test typically involves two measurements, or two stages as the test refers to them. The test is intended to estimate the behavior of the fluid during use, such as when used in turbine applications. Stage I of wet filterability is a comparison of the average flow rate of the fluid through the test membrane compared to the initial flow rate. Stage II of wet filterability is a more stringent evaluation and is based on the ratio of the initial flow rate of the lubricant through the test membrane to the flow rate at the end of the test. Stage II evaluations are more difficult to pass and are considered to be sensitive to the presence of gels and particulates in the oil that may be present in the lubricant or base oil slate during manufacture, or, in other instances, that may form as the lubricant deteriorates, especially when exposed to humidity and high temperatures. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it is difficult to pass the Stage II test for wet filterability while maintaining other required properties of the fluid. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In one approach or embodiment, an additive package for turbine lubricants to provide rust prevention and high filterability in the presence of water is described herein. In one aspect, the additive package includes a rust inhibitor mixture including an imidazoline derivative of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride in combination with an additive selected from a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, an acyl sarcosine compound, and mixtures thereof, and a corrosion inhibitor additive selected from at least a substituted benzotriazole. In some approaches or embodiments, the additive package also includes a weight ratio of the imidazoline provided by the rust inhibitor mixture to the triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor of about 1:1 to about 2:1, with the one or more imidazoline derivatives in the additive package being 10 weight percent or less.

[0007] The additive package of the previous paragraph may be combined in any combination with one or more of the optional features, including a copolymer additive having one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties and one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties and having a number average molecular weight of about 3200 g / mol to about 4300 g / mol, and / or the additive package includes about 3 to about 7 weight percent of an imidazoline derivative of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent of an acylsarcosine compound, and about 3 to about 8 weight percent of a substituted benzotriazole, and / or the additive package includes about 0.02 to about 1 weight percent of a copolymer additive, and / or the imidazoline derivative is a reaction product of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with an amino substituted imidazoline. and / or the partial ester of the polyhydric alcohol is a reaction product of pentaerythritol with a C13-C20 unsaturated fatty acid, and / or the acyl sarcosine compound is selected from sarcosine fatty acids having C12-C20 acyl groups, and / or the acyl sarcosine compound is selected from lauroyl sarcosine, ocyl sarcosine, oleoyl sarcosine, stearoyl sarcosine, tall oil acyl sarcosine, and mixtures thereof, and / or having about 7 weight percent or less of an imidazoline derivative in the additive package, and / or the rust inhibitor mixture contains about 1.5 to about 2.5 times more imidazoline derivative than the partial ester of the polyhydric alcohol and the acyl sarcosine compound combined.

[0008] In another aspect or embodiment, the present disclosure also provides a turbine lubricant that provides rust protection in the presence of water and high filterability. In some approaches, the turbine lubricant comprises a base oil of lubricating viscosity selected from a Group I, Group II, or Group III oil, or blends thereof, and a first lubricant additive comprises a compound of Formula I:

[0009] [ka]

[0010] wherein R1 and R3 are independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 19 carbon atoms, R2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms, or a residue derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof, and the second lubricant additive comprises a compound of formula II

[0011] [ka]

[0012] wherein R4 is a C13 to C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain, and the third lubricant additive comprises a compound of formula III:

[0013] [ka]

[0014] wherein R5 is a C12-C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain, and the fourth lubricant additive comprises a compound of formula IV:

[0015] [ka]

[0016] wherein R6 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group and R7 and R8 are independently C1-C10 linear or branched hydrocarbyl groups. In another approach or embodiment, the turbine lubricant has a weight ratio of the imidazoline provided by the first lubricant additive to the triazole provided by the fourth lubricant additive of from about 1:1 to about 2:1, and the first lubricant additive is less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent.

[0017] The turbine lubricant of the preceding paragraph may be combined in any combination with one or more of the optional features, including a copolymer having about 5 to about 15 percent of one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties and one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties having a total molecular weight of less than about 3400 g / mol, and / or the turbine lubricant includes about 0.01 to about 0.05 weight percent of a first lubricant additive, about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent of a third lubricant additive (in other approaches, about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight percent), and about 0.01 to about 0.07 weight percent of a fourth lubricant additive, and / or the turbine lubricant includes about 0.001 to about 0.01 weight percent of a copolymer, and / or 0.05 weight percent or less of a third lubricant additive. and / or the turbine lubricant comprises about 1.5 to about 2.5 times more of the first lubricant additive relative to the combined second and third lubricant additives, and / or the turbine lubricant exhibits a Stage II filterability of greater than about 70 percent per ISO 13357-1, and / or the base oil comprises a blend of Group I and Group II base oils having a KV40 of about 30 to about 100 cSt (in other approaches, about 30 to about 70), and / or the turbine lubricant comprises about 0.12 to about 0.35 weight percent of the combined first, second, third, and fourth lubricant additives, and / or the turbine lubricant exhibits a Stage II filterability of greater than about 70% per ISO 13357-1, rust passing performance per ASTM D665B, and water separation to 37 ml in less than about 10 minutes per ASTM D1401. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Industrial lubrication includes hydraulic fluids, industrial gear oils, slideway machine oils, steam turbine, gas turbine, heavy duty turbine and aircraft turbine circulating oils, lubricants, gear oils, compressor oils, mist oils, wind turbine and machine tool lubricants to name a few. These fluids generally contain a base oil or blend of base oils combined with additives selected to meet the performance characteristics of such applications. As explained in the background, a fluid designed for one application will not necessarily work in other industrial applications.

[0019] With respect to lubricants for turbine applications, recent performance requirements require passing so-called Stage II wet filterability while simultaneously maintaining other performance characteristics. It has been found that certain additives used in conventional industrial lubricants tend to adversely affect Stage II wet filterability. These additives include carboxyimidazoline rust inhibitors, tolytriazole corrosion inhibitors, and certain demulsifiers. In the context of turbine applications that must meet minimum rust protection and water separation requirements, these and similar additives cannot simply be removed from the fluid to improve wet filterability. Thus, the present application has discovered a unique combination of additives that not only provides the desired rust protection and water separation, but also simultaneously passes the demanding Stage II wet filterability.

[0020] In one approach, the present disclosure provides turbine lubricants and additive packages or concentrates for turbine lubricants that achieve pass rust protection according to ASTM D665B, pass separation or pass or exceed according to ASTM D1401, and pass or exceed wet filterability stage II rating according to ISO13357-1. In one approach, the additives and lubricants herein achieve water separation to 37 ml water according to ASTM D1401 in less than 15 minutes, and in another approach, less than 10 minutes. In another approach, the additives and lubricants herein achieve greater than 50 percent stage II filtration, and in another approach, greater than 70 percent filtration. The present disclosure also provides additives and lubricants as described throughout this disclosure, and methods of lubricating metal surfaces using lubricants with additives as described throughout this disclosure, to simultaneously pass these three ratings. In one embodiment, the metal surface being lubricated can be a machine part. The mechanical components may include, but are not limited to, axles, differentials, engines, manual transmissions, automatic transmissions, continuously variable transmissions, clutches, hydraulic systems, industrial gears, slide surface devices, and / or turbine components.

[0021] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to an additive package for turbine lubricants to simultaneously provide rust prevention, water separation, and high filterability in the presence of water. In some approaches or embodiments, the additive package includes an effective amount of a multi-component rust prevention mixture combined with a corrosion prevention additive to meet the performance characteristics set forth in the previous paragraph. In one approach, the multi-component rust prevention mixture includes an imidazoline derivative of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride combined with an additive selected from a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, an acyl sarcosine compound, and mixtures thereof. In another approach, the corrosion prevention additive can be at least an effective amount of a substituted benzotriazole.

[0022] In another approach, it has also been discovered that an unexpected weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the rust inhibitor mixture to triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor helps simultaneously satisfy three elements of performance characteristics (i.e., rust inhibition, water separation, and wet filtration). In some approaches, the ratio is from about 1:1 to about 2:1 of imidazoline to triazole, and one or more imidazoline derivatives in the additive package are 10 weight percent or less. In another approach in the context of lubricants containing the additives herein, turbine lubricants containing the additives herein have a weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the carboxyimidazoline (or first additive) to triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor (or fourth lubricant additive) of from about 1:1 to about 2:1, and have 0.1 weight percent or less of the first lubricant additive. Thus, the additives herein minimize the amount of imidazoline that tends to adversely affect wet filterability. Since the purpose of these additives was for rust protection and water separation, such additives were not anticipated, or in some approaches their unique combination would have any effect on the wet filterability associated with turbine lubricants.

[0023] In yet a further approach, the additives and fluids herein may also include copolymer additives, such as block copolymer additives, effective to provide water separation without adversely affecting wet filtration. For example, and in one approach, the copolymer may be a polyoxyalkylene polyol. In another approach, the polyoxyalkylene polyol may have a number average molecular weight of about 3200 to about 4300 g / mol, and may have one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties, and in some approaches, one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties, and in yet other approaches, about 5 to about 15 percent of one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties. This additive, in combination with the additives described above, tended to further help meet the three elements of performance characteristics simultaneously. It was also unexpected that the demulsifier would affect wet filtration.

[0024] Anti-rust compound: The additives and lubricants herein include a multi-component mixture of selected rust inhibitor additives. In one approach, the additives and lubricants herein include at least three or more additives to maintain rust performance. In some approaches, the additives have no more than 7 percent of any one rust inhibitor additive, preferably less than each additive. However, the selected combination and ratio of additives aids in achieving rust inhibition and wet filterability. As noted above, the rust inhibitor mixture includes blends of at least one or more of carboxyimidazolines, one or more of partial esters of polyhydric alcohols, one or more of acyl sarcosine compounds, and mixtures thereof, so long as the additives and fluids simultaneously include at least three compounds. Each is further described below.

[0025] Carboxyimidazoline compounds: In one approach, the carboxy-imidazoline compounds in the additives and lubricants herein are imidazoline derivatives of alkenyl succinic acids or anhydrides that provide the imidazoline moiety in the fluids and additives herein. The imidazoline derivatives can be the reaction product of a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with an amino-substituted imidazoline. In some approaches, the reaction product is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted succinimide or acid or an amine-substituted imidazoline succinimide or acid having the structure of Formula I:

[0026] [ka]

[0027] where R1 and R3 are independently hydrocarbyl groups having 10-19 carbon atoms (10-14 in other approaches) and R2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having 10-20 carbon atoms (16-20 in other approaches), or a residue derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. In formula I, m, n, and p are integers and can each independently range from 1 to 10. In some approaches, m is 1 to 4, n is 1 to 2, and p is 1 to 4, although m, n, and p can be varied as needed depending on the application and circumstances of the fluid.

[0028] The additive package or concentrate may include about 10 weight percent or less of the carboxy-imidazoline, in other approaches, 8 weight percent or less, 7 weight percent or less, or 6 weight percent or less. In other approaches, the additive package or concentrate may include from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the carboxy-imidazoline, in other approaches, an amount ranging from at least about 1 weight percent, at least about 2 weight percent, at least about 3 weight percent, at least about 4 weight percent, at least about 5 weight percent, or at least about 6 weight percent to less than about 10 weight percent, less than about 9 weight percent, less than about 8 weight percent, less than about 7 weight percent, less than about 5 weight percent, or less than about 4 weight percent.

[0029] In the finished lubricant, the fluid can contain about 0.1 weight percent or less, or in other approaches about 0.08 weight percent or less, about 0.07 weight percent or less, about 0.06 weight percent or less, or about 0.05 weight percent or less of the carboxyimidazoline additive. In yet other approaches, the finished lubricant can contain from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight percent of the carboxy-imidazoline, or in other approaches an amount ranging from at least about 0.01 weight percent, at least about 0.02 weight percent, at least about 0.03 weight percent, at least about 0.04 weight percent, at least about 0.05 weight percent, or at least about 0.06 weight percent to less than about 0.1 weight percent, less than about 0.09 weight percent, less than about 0.08 weight percent, less than about 0.07 weight percent, less than about 0.05 weight percent, or less than about 0.04 weight percent.

[0030] Partial esters of polyhydric alcohols In one approach, the partial ester of polyhydric alcohol for the additives and lubricants herein may be a polyglycerol fatty acid ester or a mixture of different polyglycerol fatty acid esters, where the polyglycerol or polyhydric alcohol base contains up to 10 glycerol or hydroxyl units partially esterified with at least one and up to nine acid groups of saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. In another approach, the partial ester of polyhydric alcohol is an ester in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol is not esterified but remains as a hydroxyl. In yet another approach or embodiment, polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of glycerin, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and sorbitan may be suitable.

[0031] The carboxylic acid in the partial ester can be any acid suitable for use in turbine applications. In one approach, the carboxylic acid has 10-30 carbons, in another approach, 12-24 carbons, and in yet another approach, 16-22 carbons. The carboxylic acid can be a saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acid, and can be a straight or branched chain carboxylic acid. Suitable carboxylic acids can be fatty carboxylic acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid, palmitoleic acid, arachidic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and the like.

[0032] In yet another approach, the partial ester is the second lubricity additive of the fluids herein and may include a compound of formula II.

[0033] [ka]

[0034] where R4 is a C13-C20 saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched hydrocarbyl chain. In one approach, R4 is a C16-C20 unsaturated linear hydrocarbyl chain.

[0035] In any approach herein, the additive may include from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, or in other approaches from about 0.8 to about 2 weight percent. The finished lubricant herein may include from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, or in other approaches from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight percent. The additives and lubricants may also include other ranges within the recited endpoints, depending on the needs of the particular additive or lubricant, as the case may be.

[0036] Acyl Sarcosine In one approach, the acyl sarcosine compound of the fluids and lubricants herein is an acyl N-methylglycine of formula III or a derivative thereof.

[0037] [ka]

[0038] where R5 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C12-C20 hydrocarbyl group, and in another approach, a C14-C18 saturated linear hydrocarbyl group. The sarcosine compound can be obtained by reacting n-methylglycine with a suitable fatty acid. In some approaches, acyl sarcosines suitable for use in the turbine lubricants herein that aid in achieving high wet filterability include lauroyl sarcosine, cosyl sarcosine, oleoyl sarcosine, stearoyl sarcosine, tall oil acyl sarcosine, 2-(N-methyloctadecanamido)acetic acid, 2-(N-methyldodecanamido)acetic acid, 2-(N-methyltetradecanamido)acetic acid, 2-(N-methylhexadecanamido)acetic acid, 2-(N-methyloctadecanamido)acetic acid, 2-(N-methylicosanamido)acetic acid, and 2-(N-methyldocosanamido)acetic acid, and the like.

[0039] In some approaches, the acyl sarcosine of the present disclosure can be an ester.Some esters suitable for use in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, ethyl ester of oleoyl sarcosine, ethyl ester of lauroyl sarcosine, butyl ester of oleoyl sarcosine, ethyl ester of cocoyl sarcosine, pentyl ester of lauroyl sarcosine, etc.For example, esters can be esters of acyl N-methylglycine with unsaturated C esters such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tertiary butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, etc., as well as ethane-1,2-diol, 2-methoxyethanol, ester alcohols, etc. 1 ~C 8 Alcohols and heteroatom-containing C 1 -C 8 C, such as alcohols and amino alcohols such as triethanolamine 1~C 8 It may be a reaction product with at least one alcohol, which may be an alcohol.

[0040] In any approach herein, the additive may include from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent acyl sarcosine, or in other approaches from about 0.8 to about 2 weight percent. The finished lubricant herein may include from about 0.005 to about 0.1 weight percent acyl sarcosine, or in other approaches from about 0.01 to about 0.1 weight percent. Both the additive and the lubricant may also include other ranges within such endpoints as required for the particular additive or lubricant.

[0041] Corrosion Inhibitors In one approach, the corrosion inhibitor or fourth lubricant additive of the additives and fluids herein is a substituted benzotriazole that provides the additives and fluids with a triazole moiety. In one approach, the inhibitor can be N,N-disubstituted aminomethylbenzotriazole or N,N-disubstituted aminomethyl-1,2,4-triazole of the following formula (IV), or a mixture thereof. Optionally, unsubstituted tolytriazole or benzotriazole can be added. N,N-disubstituted aminomethylbenzotriazole can be prepared by known methods, such as by reacting benzotriazole with formaldehyde and an amine, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,701,273. N,N-disubstituted aminomethyl-1,2,4 triazole compounds can be prepared in a similar manner, i.e., by reacting 1,2,4-triazole with formaldehyde and an amine, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,209.

[0042] In one approach, the corrosion inhibitor or fourth lubricant additive has the structure of Formula IV:

[0043] [ka]

[0044] where R6 is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group (in other approaches, C1-C2 groups) and R7 and R8 are independently C1-C10 linear or branched hydrocarbyl groups (in other approaches, C4-C8 groups). In one approach, the corrosion inhibitor is 1-[bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl-4-methylbenzotriazole or 1-[bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,2,4-triazole, available from CIBA under the product names IRGAMET® 39 and IRGAMET® 30, respectively.

[0045] In any approach herein, the additive may include from about 4 to about 10 weight percent of the corrosion inhibitors discussed above, or in other approaches, from about 4 to about 7 weight percent. The finished lubricants herein may include from about 0.01 to about 0.07 weight percent of the corrosion inhibitor, or in other approaches, from about 0.01 to about 0.05 weight percent. The additives or lubricants may also include other ranges within such endpoints as necessary for a particular application of the additive or lubricant.

[0046] Polyoxyalkylene Copolymer In yet another approach, the additives and lubricants herein may also optionally further comprise a specific copolymer demulsifier. In one approach, the demulsifier component may be a polyoxyalkylene polyol, and in another approach, a liquid polyoxyalkylene polyol. In some approaches, any polyoxyalkylene polyol is a block copolymer, often a triblock copolymer.

[0047] For example, a hydroxy-substituted compound R(OH)n, where n is 1-10 and R can be the residue of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, can be reacted with an alkylene oxide (usually propylene oxide or ethylene oxide) to form a hydrophobic base. This base is then reacted with another alkylene oxide (usually the other of propylene oxide or ethylene oxide) to provide a hydrophilic portion, resulting in a copolymer having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions. The relative sizes of these portions can be adjusted depending on the requirements for a particular application. As further described below, it has been discovered that selected demulsifiers work together with the rust inhibitor additive to provide excellent wet filterability. Exemplary hydroxyl-substituted compounds (R(OH)n) for the demulsifier copolymer include, but are not limited to, alkylene polyols such as alkylene glycols, alkylene triols, alkylene tetrols, including ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and the like.

[0048] In the present application, it has been discovered that liquid triblock polyol copolymers work with rust inhibitor mixtures in the context of turbine lubricants to achieve high wet filterability. When the objective is demulsification, such components were not expected to affect filterability. In some approaches, the EO groups comprise about 5 to about 15 percent of the total molecular weight of the additive, and the total number average molecular weight of the additive is about 3200 g / mol to about 4300 g / mol, and in other approaches, about 3200 g / mol to about 4200 g / mol. In some approaches, the particular triblock polyol corresponds to the formula HO-(EO)x(PO)y(EO)zH, where x, y, and z are integers greater than 1. In yet another approach, the copolymer demulsifier additive has one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties, one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties. In one approach, the copolymer having polypropylene oxide derived portions and polyethylene derived portions has a number average weight of about 3200 g / mol to about 4200 g / mol, and in another approach, about 3200 g / mol to about 4,000 g / mol.

[0049] In any approach herein, the additive may comprise from about 0 to about 1.5 weight percent of the copolymer, or in other approaches, from about 0.05 to about 1 weight percent. The finished lubricants herein may comprise from about 0.001 to about 0.01 weight percent of the polyoxyalkylene copolymer, or in other approaches, from about 0.002 to about 0.01 weight percent. The additives and lubricants may also include other ranges within such endpoints as required for a particular application.

[0050] Additive combinations In relation to turbine applications, the blend of additives described above uniquely provides rust prevention, demulsification, and enhanced wet filtration. For example, and in one approach, the weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the rust prevention mixture to triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor is about 1:1 to 2:1, with less than 10 weight percent of one or more imidazoline derivatives of the additive package providing the three elements of performance (i.e., rust prevention, demulsification, and wet filtration) simultaneously. In another approach, the rust prevention mixture can also include about 1.5 to about 2.5 times the imidazoline derivative relative to the partial ester of polyhydric alcohol and acyl sarcosine compound combined while maintaining less than about 10 weight percent of the imidazoline derivative of the package.

[0051] The unique blend of additives described in any of the above paragraphs individually or in combination and with respect to turbine lubricants achieves greater than 50% Stage II wet filtration according to ISO 13357-1, greater than 70% and greater than 80% Stage II wet filtration according to other approaches. In still other approaches, the additives and fluids herein achieve at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70% or at least about 80% Stage II wet filtration according to ISO 13357-1 and less than about 90%, less than about 80%, less than about 70%, or less than about 60% Stage II wet filtration. At the same time, the fluids and additives achieve a rust pass according to ASTM D665B and water separation to 37 ml in less than about 15 minutes according to ASTM D1401.

[0052] Base oil In one approach, the suitable base oil is a mineral oil, including all common mineral oil base stocks. The mineral oil may be naphthenic or paraffinic. The mineral oil may be refined by conventional methodologies using acids, alkalis, and clays, or other agents such as aluminum chloride, or may be an extracted oil produced by solvent extraction with solvents such as phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, or dichlorodiethyl ether. The mineral oil may be hydrotreated or hydrofined, dewaxed by cooling or catalytic dewaxing processes, or hydrocracked, such as the Yubase® family of hydrocracked base oils from SK Innovation Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Mineral oils are produced from natural crude oils or are composed of isomerized wax materials or residues of other refining processes.

[0053] In another approach, the additive package or concentrate described in any of the above paragraphs can be blended into a base oil or blend of base oils suitable for use in turbine applications. The base oil or base oil of lubricating viscosity used in the compositions herein can be selected from any base oil suitable for turbine applications. Examples include Groups I-III base oils as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. These three base oil groups are:

[0054] [Table 1]

[0055] Groups I, II, and III are mineral oil process stocks and may be preferred for the turbine oils of this application. It should be noted that although Group III base oils are derived from mineral oils, the rigorous processing these fluids undergo contributes to making their physical properties very similar to certain true synthetics such as PAOs. Thus, oils derived from Group III base oils may be referred to in the industry as synthetic fluids. Suitable oils may be derived from hydrocracked, hydrogenated, hydrorefined, unrefined, refined, and rerefined oils, and mixtures thereof. In some approaches, the base oil may be a blend of Group I and Group II oils, and the blend may be about 0% to about 100% of Group I oil, about 0% to about 100% of Group II oil, 0% to about 100% of Group III oil, or various blends of Group I and II, Group I and III, or Group II and III oil blends.

[0056] Unrefined oils are derived from natural, mineral, or synthetic sources with little or no further purification treatment. Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been treated with one or more purification steps, which may result in improvements in one or more properties. Examples of suitable refining techniques are solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, etc. Oils refined to edible quality may or may not be useful. Edible oils are also called white oils. In some embodiments, the lubricating oil composition does not include edible oils or white oils.

[0057] Rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils. These oils are obtained similarly to refined oils using the same or similar processes. Often these oils are further processed by techniques directed at the removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.

[0058] Mineral oils may include oils obtained by drilling or from plants and animals, or any mixture thereof. For example, such oils may include, but are not limited to, mineral lubricating oils such as castor oil, lard oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, and linseed oil, as well as liquid petroleum oils and solvent oils, and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, mixed paraffinic-naphthenic bases. Such oils may be partially or fully hydrogenated, if desired. Oils derived from coal or shale may also be useful.

[0059] A major amount of base oil included in the lubricating composition can be selected from the group consisting of Group I, Group II, Group III, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing, where the major amount of base oil is other than the base oil resulting from the provision of an additive component or viscosity index improver in the composition. In another embodiment, a major amount of base oil included in the lubricating composition can be selected from the group consisting of Group I, Group II, and combinations of two or more of the foregoing, where the major amount of base oil is other than the base oil resulting from the provision of an additive component or viscosity index improver in the composition.

[0060] The amount of oil of lubricating viscosity in the compositions herein may be the remainder remaining after subtracting the sum of the amounts of performance additives from 100% by weight. For example, the oil of lubricating viscosity may be present in the finished fluid in a "major amount" of, for example, greater than about 50% by weight, greater than about 60% by weight, greater than about 70% by weight, greater than about 80% by weight, greater than about 85% by weight, greater than about 90% by weight, or greater than 95% by weight.

[0061] In some approaches, the preferred base oil or base oil of lubricating viscosity has less than about 25 ppm sulfur, a viscosity index greater than about 100, or greater than about 120 (in some cases, about 100 to about 120), and about a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of about 2 to about 8 cSt. In other approaches, the base oil of lubricating viscosity has less than about 25 ppm sulfur, a viscosity index greater than about 120, and about a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of about 4 cSt. The base oil may have a CP (paraffinic carbon content) of greater than 40%, greater than 45%, greater than 50%, greater than 55%, or greater than 90%. The base oil may have a CA (aromatic carbon content) of less than 5%, less than 3%, or less than 1%. The base oil may have a CN (naphthenic carbon content) of less than 60%, less than 55%, less than 50%, or less than 50% and greater than 30%. The base oil may have a ratio of 1 ring naphthenes to 2-6 ring naphthenes of less than 2, or less than 1.5, or less than 1.

[0062] Suitable additives and lubricant compositions herein may contain additive components in the ranges listed in Tables 2 and 3 below.

[0063] [Table 2]

[0064] [Table 3]

[0065] The percentages of each component above represent the weight percent of each component based on the total weight of the final additive or lubricant composition. The remainder of the lubricant composition consists of one or more base oils or solvents. The additives used in formulating the compositions described herein can be blended into the base oil or solvent individually or in various subcombinations. However, it may be preferred to blend all the components together using an additive concentrate (i.e., additives and a diluent such as a hydrocarbon solvent).

[0066] In another approach, the turbine additive and the lubricants containing such additives may also contain one or more optional ingredients, as long as such ingredients and their amounts do not affect the performance characteristics described in the paragraphs above. These optional ingredients are described in the following paragraphs.

[0067] phosphorus-containing compounds The lubricant compositions herein may contain one or more phosphorus-containing compounds that may impart antiwear benefits to the fluid. The one or more phosphorus-containing compounds may be present in the lubricant composition in an amount ranging from about 0% to about 15%, or from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.05% to about 5%, or from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the lubricant composition. The phosphorus-containing compounds may provide the lubricant composition with up to 5000 ppm phosphorus, or from about 50 to about 5000 ppm phosphorus, or from about 300 to about 1500 ppm phosphorus, or up to 600 ppm phosphorus, or up to 900 ppm phosphorus.

[0068] The one or more phosphorus-containing compounds may include ashless phosphorus-containing compounds.Suitable examples of phosphorus-containing compounds include, but are not limited to, thiophosphates, dithiophosphates, phosphates, phosphoric acid esters, phosphonates, phosphites, phosphonates, phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid esters, ethers, or amide salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.Phosphorus-containing antiwear agents are more fully described in EP 0612839.

[0069] It should be noted that in the lubricant industry, the terms phosphonate and phosphite are often used interchangeably. For example, dibutyl hydrogen phosphonate is often referred to as dibutyl hydrogen phosphite. It is within the scope of the present invention that the lubricant compositions of the present invention include phosphorus-containing compounds that may be referred to as either phosphonates or phosphites.

[0070] In any of the above phosphorus-containing compounds, the compound can have from about 5 to about 20 weight percent phosphorus, or from about 5 to about 15 weight percent phosphorus, or from about 8 to about 16 weight percent phosphorus, or from about 6 to about 9 weight percent phosphorus.

[0071] Another class of phosphorus-containing compounds which, when combined with the olefin copolymer dispersants herein, impart improved frictional properties to lubricating compositions are the ashless (metal-free) phosphorus-containing compounds.

[0072] In some embodiments, the ashless phosphorus-containing compound may be a dialkyldithiophosphate ester, amyl acid phosphate, diamyl acid phosphate, dibutyl hydrogen phosphonate, dimethyloctadecyl phosphonate, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0073] The ashless phosphorus-containing compound has approximately the formula:

[0074] [ka]

[0075] where R1 is S or O, R2 is -OR", -OH, or -R", R3 is -OR", -OH, or SR'"C(O)OH, R4 is -OR, R'" is a C1-C3 branched or linear alkyl chain, and R" is a C1-C18 hydrocarbyl chain. When the phosphorus-containing compound has the structure shown in formula XIV, the compound can have from about 8 to about 16 weight percent phosphorus.

[0076] In some embodiments, the lubricant composition comprises a phosphorus-containing compound of Formula XIV, where R1 is S, R2 is -OR, R3 is SR'''COOH, R4 is -OR''', R''' is a C3 branched alkyl chain, and R'' is C4, and the phosphorus-containing compound is present in an amount to deliver 80 to 900 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.

[0077] In another embodiment, the lubricant composition comprises a phosphorus-containing compound of Formula XIV, where R1 is O, R2 is -OH, R3 is -OR'' or -OH, R4 is -OR'', and R'' is C5, and the phosphorus-containing compound is present in an amount to deliver 80 to 1500 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.

[0078] In yet another embodiment, the lubricant composition comprises a phosphorus-containing compound of Formula XIV, where R1 is O, R2 is OR'', R3 is H, R4 is -OR'', and R'' is C4, and the one or more phosphorus-containing compounds are present in an amount to deliver 80 to 1550 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.

[0079] In another embodiment, the lubricant composition comprises a phosphorus-containing compound of Formula XIV, where R1 is O, R2 is OR'', R3 is -OCH3 or -OH, R4 is -OCH3, and R" is C18, and the one or more phosphorus-containing compound(s) are present in an amount to deliver 80 to 850 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.

[0080] In some embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound has the structure shown in Formula XIV and delivers about 80 to about 4500 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition. In other embodiments, the phosphorus-containing compound is present in an amount to deliver about 150 to about 1500 ppm of phosphorus, or about 300 to about 900 ppm of phosphorus, or about 800 to 1600 ppm of phosphorus, or about 900 to about 1800 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.

[0081] Anti-wear Agent The lubricant composition may also include antiwear agents that are non-phosphorus-containing compounds. Examples of such antiwear agents include borate esters, borate epoxides, thiocarbamate compounds (including thiocarbamate esters, alkylene-coupled thiocarbamates, and bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulfides, thiocarbamate amides, thiocarbamic acid ethers, alkylene-coupled thiocarbamates, and bis(S-alkyldithiocarbamyl) disulfides, and mixtures thereof), sulfurized olefins, tridecyl adipate, titanium compounds, and long-chain derivatives of hydroxyl carboxylic acids, such as tartaric acid derivatives, tartaric acid amides, tartrate imides, citrates, and mixtures thereof. A suitable thiocarbamate compound is molybdenum dithiocarbamate. A suitable tartrate derivative or tartrate imide may contain an alkyl ester group, and the total number of carbon atoms on the alkyl group may be at least 8. The tartrate derivatives or tartrimides may contain alkyl ester groups, and the total carbon atoms in the alkyl groups may be at least 8. The antiwear agent may include a citrate salt, in one embodiment. The additional antiwear agent may be present in a range of from about 0% to about 15%, or from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.05% to about 5%, or from about 0.1% to 3% by weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0082] Antioxidants The lubricating oil compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more antioxidants. Antioxidant compounds are known and include, for example, phenates (phenates), phenate sulfides, sulfurized olefins, phosphorus sulfurized terpenes, sulfurized esters, aromatic amines, alkylated diphenylamines (e.g., nonyldiphenylamine, dinonyldiphenylamine, octyldiphenylamine, dioctyldiphenylamine), phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, alkylated phenyl-alpha-naphthylamines, hindered non-aromatic amines, phenols, hindered phenols, oil-soluble molybdenum compounds, polymeric antioxidants, or mixtures thereof. Antioxidant compounds may be used alone or in combination.

[0083] The hindered phenol antioxidant may contain secondary butyl and / or tertiary butyl groups as steric hindrance groups. The phenol group may be further substituted with hydrocarbyl groups and / or bridging groups that are linked to a second aromatic group. Examples of suitable hindered phenol antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-ethyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-propyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol or 4-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or 4-dodecyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol. In one embodiment, the hindered phenol antioxidant may be an ester and may include, for example, Irganox® L-135 available from BASF, or an addition product derived from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and an alkyl acrylate, where the alkyl group may contain from about 1 to about 18, or from about 2 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 8, or from about 2 to about 6, or about 4 carbon atoms. Another commercially available hindered phenol antioxidant may be an ester and may include Ethanox® 4716 available from Albemarle Corporation.

[0084] Useful antioxidants may include diarylamines and phenols. In one embodiment, the lubricating oil composition may contain a mixture of diarylamines and phenols, such that each antioxidant may be present in an amount sufficient to provide up to about 5 weight percent based on the weight of the lubricant composition. In one embodiment, the antioxidant may be a mixture of about 0.3 to about 1.5 weight percent diarylamines and about 0.4 to about 2.5 weight percent phenols based on the weight of the lubricant composition.

[0085] Examples of suitable olefins that can be sulfurized to form sulfurized olefins include propylene, butylene, isobutylene, polyisobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, hexadecene, heptadecene, octadecene, nonadecene, eicosene, or mixtures thereof and their dimers, trimers, and tetramers are particularly useful olefins. Alternatively, the olefin may be a Diels-Alder adduct of a diene, such as 1,3-butadiene, with an unsaturated ester, such as butyl acrylate.

[0086] Another class of sulfurized olefins includes sulfurized fatty acids and their esters. The fatty acids are often derived from vegetable or animal oils and typically contain from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable fatty acids and their esters include triglycerides, oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, or mixtures thereof. Often, the fatty acids are derived from lard oil, tall oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower seed oil, or mixtures thereof. The fatty acids and / or esters may be mixed with olefins, such as α-olefins.

[0087] The one or more antioxidant(s) may be present in the range of from about 0% to about 20% by weight, or from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, or from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0088] Additional Dispersant Additional dispersants contained in the lubricant composition may include, but are not limited to, an oil-soluble polymeric hydrocarbon backbone having functional groups capable of associating with particles to be dispersed. Typically, dispersants contain amine, alcohol, amide, or ester polar moieties attached to the polymer backbone, often via a bridging group. Dispersants may be selected from Mannich dispersants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,634,515, 3,697,574 and 3,736,357, ashless succinimide dispersants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,234,435 and 4,636,322, amine dispersants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,219,666, 3,565,804 and 5,633,326, Koch dispersants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,936,041, 5,643,859 and 5,627,259, and polyalkylene succinimide dispersants such as those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,851,965, 5,853,434 and 5,792,729.

[0089] In some embodiments, the additional dispersant may be derived from polyalphaolefin (PAO) succinic anhydride, olefin maleic anhydride copolymer. As an example, the additional dispersant may be described as poly-PIBSA. In another embodiment, the additional dispersant may be derived from anhydrides grafted to ethylene-propylene copolymers. Another additional dispersant may be a high molecular weight ester or half ester amide.

[0090] Additional dispersants, when present, can be used in an amount sufficient to provide up to about 10% by weight, based on the final weight of the lubricating oil composition. Alternative amounts of dispersant that can be used can be from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, or from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, or from about 3% to about 8% by weight, or from about 1% to about 6% by weight, based on the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0091] Viscosity Index Improver The lubricant compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more viscosity index improvers.Suitable viscosity index improvers may include polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ethylene / propylene copolymers, polyisobutene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene polymers, styrene / maleic acid ester copolymers, hydrogenated styrene / butadiene copolymers, hydrogenated isoprene polymers, α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymers, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyalkylstyrenes, hydrogenated alkenylaryl conjugated diene copolymers, or mixtures thereof.The viscosity index improver may include star polymers, suitable examples of which are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20120101017A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0092] The lubricating oil compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more dispersant viscosity index improvers in addition to or in place of the viscosity index improver. Suitable viscosity index improvers may include functionalized polyolefins, such as ethylene-propylene copolymers functionalized with the reaction product of an acylating agent (such as maleic anhydride) and an amine, amine-functionalized polymethacrylates, or esterified maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers reacted with amines.

[0093] The total amount of viscosity index improver and / or dispersant viscosity index improver can be from about 0% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 12%, or from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 3% to about 20%, from about 3% to about 15%, from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the lubricating composition.

[0094] In some embodiments, the viscosity index improver is a polyolefin or olefin copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 500,000, about 50,000 to about 200,000, or about 50,000 to about 150,000. In some embodiments, the viscosity index improver is a hydrogenated styrene / butadiene copolymer having a number average molecular weight of about 40,000 to about 500,000, about 50,000 to about 200,000, or about 50,000 to about 150,000. In some embodiments, the viscosity index improver is a polymethacrylate having a number average molecular weight of about 10,000 to about 500,000, about 50,000 to about 200,000, or about 50,000 to about 150,000.

[0095] Other optional additives Other additives may be selected to perform one or more functions required for the lubricant composition. Furthermore, one or more of the additives mentioned may be multifunctional and provide functions in addition to or other than those specified herein. Other additives may be added to the specific additives disclosed herein and / or may include one or more of metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, ashless TBN boosters, antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, dispersants, dispersant viscosity index improvers, extreme pressure agents, antioxidants, foam suppressants, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swell agents, and mixtures thereof. Typically, a fully formulated lubricant will contain one or more of these additives.

[0096] Suitable metal deactivators may include defoamers including derivatives of benzotriazole (usually tolyltriazole), dimercaptothiadiazole derivatives, 1,2,4-triazole, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazole, or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazole, copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate, demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers, pour point depressants including esters of styrene maleic anhydride, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, or polyacrylamides.

[0097] Suitable anti-foam agents include silicon-based compounds such as siloxanes.

[0098] Suitable pour point depressants may include polymethyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof. The pour point depressant may be present in an amount sufficient to provide from about 0 wt. % to about 1 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 0.5 wt. %, or from about 0.02 wt. % to about 0.04 wt. %, based on the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0099] Suitable rust inhibitors can be a single compound or a mixture of compounds that have the property of inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metal surfaces. Non-limiting examples of rust inhibitors useful herein include oil-soluble high molecular weight organic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, cerotic acid, and the like, as well as oil-soluble polycarboxylic acids including dimer and trimer acids such as those produced from tall oil fatty acids, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. Other suitable corrosion inhibitors include long chain alpha, omega dicarboxylic acids in the molecular weight range of about 600 to about 3000, and alkenyl succinic acids such as tetrapropenyl succinic acid, tetradecenyl succinic acid, hexadecenyl succinic acid, in which the alkenyl group contains about 10 or more carbon atoms. Another useful class of acidic corrosion inhibitors are the half esters of alkenyl succinic acids having about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alkenyl group with alcohols such as polyglycols. The corresponding half amides of such alkenyl succinic acids are also useful. Useful rust inhibitors are high molecular weight organic acids. In some embodiments, the engine oil is devoid of rust inhibitors.

[0100] When present, the rust inhibitor can be used in any amount sufficient to provide from about 0 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 3 wt. %, from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2 wt. %, based on the final weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0101] The lubricant composition may also include a corrosion inhibitor (it should be noted that some of the other mentioned ingredients may also have copper corrosion inhibitor properties). Suitable inhibitors for copper corrosion include ether amines, polyethoxylated compounds such as ethoxylated amines and ethoxylated alcohols, imidazolines, mono- and dialkyl thiadiazoles, and the like.

[0102] Thiazoles, triazoles and thiadiazoles can also be used in the lubricants. Examples include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, octyltriazole, decyltriazole; dodecyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbylthio-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 2-mercapto-5-hydrocarbyldithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole. In one embodiment, the lubricant composition includes a 1,3,4-thiadiazole, such as 2-hydrocarbyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-dithiadiazole.

[0103] Antifoaming agents / surfactants may also be included in the fluid in accordance with the present invention. A variety of agents are known for such use. Copolymers of ethyl acrylate and hexyl ethyl acrylate, such as PC-1244 available from Solutia, may be used. In other embodiments, silicone fluids, such as 4% DCF, may be included. Mixtures of antifoaming agents may also be present in the lubricant composition. EXAMPLES

[0104] The following examples illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In these examples, as well as elsewhere in this application, all ratios, parts, and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. It is intended that these examples are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention disclosed herein. EXAMPLES

[0105] The turbine lubricants in Table 4 below were prepared by blending the following components into Yubase 4 or Yubase 6 base oils: Additive 1: Carboxyimidazoline obtained from the reaction of linear or branched dodecenyl-substituted succinic anhydride with a substituted aminoimidazoline. Available as HiTEC® 536 (Afton Chemical). Additive 2: Pentaerythritol monooleate available as Radiasurf® 7156. Additive 3: n-oleyl sarcosine available as Crodasinic® O. Additive 4: N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine available as Irgamet® 39. ●Additive 5: Tolytriazole TT100. • Additive 6: Polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer with a molecular weight of 4400 g / mol, available as Pluronic L121. • Additive 7: Polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer with a molecular weight of 3800 g / mol, available as Pluronic® L101. • Additive 8: A liquid carboxylic acid corrosion inhibitor available as Irgacor® 843. • Additive 9: A difunctional block copolymer surfactant available as Pluronic® 25R2 with a molecular weight of 3100 g / mol and a second hydroxyl group at the end. ●Other additives: A blend of antioxidants, anti-wear additives, and extreme pressure additives.

[0106] The lubricants in Table 4 below were then evaluated for rust protection (ASTM D665B), water separation (ASTM D1401), and stage II wet filterability (ISO 13357-1), and the results are provided in Table 5 below.

[0107] [Table 4]

[0108] [Table 5]

[0109] As shown above in Table 5, Fluid E had the best ISO Wet Stage II performance combined with the worst water separation. Fluid C had poor water separation. EXAMPLES

[0110] The additive of Example 1 was further evaluated with varying amounts of benzotriazole and demulsifier additive, as shown in Tables 6A / B and 7.

[0111] [Table 6A]

[0112] [Table 6B]

[0113] [Table 7] EXAMPLES

[0114] Lubricants having various blends of base oils and viscosities were further evaluated for performance using the additives of this application. The lubricants are given in Table 8 and the performance results in Table 9.

[0115] [Table 8]

[0116] [Table 9]

[0117] Comparative Example 1 Similar to the above examples, comparative samples were prepared and evaluated for rust performance, demulsification, and wet filtration. The composition is shown in Table 10, and the performance is shown in Table 11.

[0118] [Table 10]

[0119] [Table 11]

[0120] It should be noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless clearly and unambiguously limited to one referent. Thus, for example, reference to "an antioxidant" includes two or more different antioxidants. As used herein, the term "include" and grammatical variations thereof are intended to be open-ended, such that the recitation of items in a list does not exclude other similar items that may be substituted for or added to the recited items.

[0121] For purposes of this specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, percentages or ratios, and other numerical values ​​used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and without attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0122] It is to be understood that each component, compound, substituent, or parameter disclosed herein is to be interpreted as disclosed for use alone, or in combination with one or more of any and all other components, compounds, substituents, or parameters disclosed herein.

[0123] It is further understood that each range disclosed herein should be construed as a disclosure of each specific value within the disclosed range, with the same number of significant digits. Thus, for example, a range of 1 to 4 should be construed as an explicit disclosure of the values ​​1, 2, 3, and 4, as well as any range of such values.

[0124] It is further understood that each lower limit of each range disclosed herein should be interpreted as being disclosed in combination with each upper limit of each range and each specific value within each range for the same component, compound, substituent or parameter. Thus, this disclosure should be interpreted as a disclosure of all ranges obtained by combining each lower limit of each range with each upper limit of each range or each specific value within each range, or by combining each upper limit of each range with each specific value within each range. That is, it is further understood that any range between the endpoint values ​​within the broad range is also discussed herein. Thus, a range of 1 to 4 also means a range of 1 to 3, 1 to 2, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, etc.

[0125] Furthermore, any specific amount / value of a component, compound, substituent or parameter disclosed in the description or examples should be construed as a disclosure of either a lower or upper limit of a range and, therefore, may be combined with other lower or upper limits of ranges or specific amounts / values ​​of the same component, compound, substituent or parameter disclosed elsewhere in the application to form a range for that component, compound, substituent or parameter.

[0126] Unless otherwise stated, molecular weights are reported as number average molecular weights. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of any embodiment herein can be determined on a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) instrument from an instrument such as Waters, and the data was processed with software such as Waters Empower Software. The GPC instrument may be equipped with a Waters Separations Module and a Waters Refractive Index Detector (or similar optional equipment). The GPC operating conditions include a guard column at a column temperature of about 40° C., four Agilent PLgel columns (300×7.5 mm long, 5 μ particle size, pore size ranging from 100 to 10,000 Å). Unstabilized HPLC grade tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be used as the solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min. The GPC instrument can be calibrated with commercially available polystyrene (PS) standards with narrow molecular weight distributions ranging from 500 to 380,000 g / mol. For samples with masses less than 500 g / mol, the calibration curve can be extrapolated. Samples and PS standards are prepared in THF at concentrations of 0.1-0.5% by weight and can be used without filtration. GPC measurements are also described in U.S. Patent No. 5,266,223, which is incorporated herein by reference. The GPC method further provides molecular weight distribution information; see, for example, W.W. Yau, J.J. Kirkland and D.D.Bly, "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979.

[0127] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents may occur to applicant or others skilled in the art that are not or may not be currently anticipated. Accordingly, the appended claims, as they may be submitted and amended, are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.

Claims

1. 1. An additive package for a turbine lubricant which provides rust protection and high filterability in the presence of water, comprising: a rust-preventive mixture comprising an imidazoline derivative of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride in combination with a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol and an acyl sarcosine compound; a substituted benzotriazole corrosion inhibitor additive; a copolymer additive having one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties and one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties and having a number average molecular weight of 3200 g / mol to 4300 g / mol; The imidazoline derivative has the structure of Formula I: 【Chemistry 1】 In the formula, R1 and R3 are independently a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 19 carbon atoms, and R2 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. The partial ester of the polyhydric alcohol has the structure of Formula II: 【Chemistry 2】 wherein R4 is a C13-C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain; The acylsarcosine compound has the structure of Formula III: 【Chemistry 3】 wherein R5 is a C12-C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl group; The substituted benzotriazole has the structure of formula IV: 【Chemistry 4】 wherein R6 is a C1 to C5 hydrocarbyl group, and R7 and R8 are independently a C1 to C10 straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl group; the additive package comprising 3 to 7 weight percent of the imidazoline derivative, 0.5 to 3 weight percent of a partial ester of the polyhydric alcohol, 0.5 to 3 weight percent of the acyl sarcosine compound, and 3 to 8 weight percent of the substituted benzotriazole; The weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the rust inhibitor mixture to triazole provided by the corrosion inhibitor additive is from 1:1 to 2:1, and the one or more imidazoline derivatives in the additive package is 10 weight percent or less.

2. 2. The additive package of claim 1, wherein the imidazoline derivative is a reaction product of an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with an amino substituted imidazoline, and / or the partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol is a reaction product of pentaerythritol with a C13-C20 unsaturated fatty acid, and / or the acyl sarcosine compound is selected from sarcosine fatty acids having a C12-C20 acyl group.

3. 10. The additive package of claim 1, wherein the additive package comprises from 0.02 to 1 weight percent of the copolymer additive.

4. 3. The additive package of claim 2, wherein the acyl sarcosine compound is selected from lauroyl sarcosine, acyl sarcosine, oleoyl sarcosine, stearoyl sarcosine, tall oil acyl sarcosine, and mixtures thereof.

5. 2. The additive package of claim 1 having 7 weight percent or less of said imidazoline derivative in said additive package and / or said rust inhibiting mixture comprising 1.5 to 2.5 times more of said imidazoline derivative compared to said partial ester of polyhydric alcohol and said acylsarcosine compound in combination.

6. 1. A turbine lubricant that provides rust protection and high filterability in the presence of water, comprising: a base oil of lubricating viscosity selected from a Group I, Group II, or Group III oil, or blends thereof; A first lubricant additive comprising a compound of formula I, 【Chemistry 5】 a first lubricant additive wherein R1 and R3 are independently a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 19 carbon atoms and R2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, or a residue derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride; A second lubricant additive comprising a compound of formula II, 【Chemistry 6】 a second lubricant additive wherein R4 is a C13-C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain; A third lubricant additive comprising a compound of formula III, 【Chemistry 7】 a third lubricant additive wherein R5 is a C12 to C20 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain; A fourth lubricant additive comprising a compound of formula IV, 【Chemistry 8】 a fourth lubricant additive wherein R6 is a C1 to C5 hydrocarbyl group, and R7 and R8 are independently a C1 to C10 straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl group; a copolymer additive having one or more polypropylene oxide derived moieties and one or more polyethylene oxide derived moieties and having a number average molecular weight of 3200 g / mol to 4300 g / mol; the turbine lubricant having a weight ratio of imidazoline provided by the first lubricant additive to triazole provided by a fourth lubricant additive of from 1:1 to 2:1, the first lubricant additive being less than or equal to 0.1 weight percent; A turbine lubricant, wherein the turbine lubricant exhibits a Stage II filterability of 70 percent or greater according to ISO 13357-1.

7. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the copolymer additive has one or more polypropylene oxide derived portions having a total molecular weight of less than 3,400 g / mol and 5 to 15 percent of the one or more polyethylene oxide derived portions.

8. 7. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the turbine lubricant comprises 0.01 to 0.05 weight percent of the first lubricant additive, 0.005 to 0.1 weight percent of the second lubricant additive, 0.005 to 0.1 weight percent of the third lubricant additive, and 0.01 to 0.07 weight percent of the fourth lubricant additive; and / or the turbine lubricant comprises 0.001 to 0.01 weight percent of the copolymer additive.

9. 7. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the first lubricant additive has 0.05 weight percent or less, and / or the turbine lubricant comprises 1.5 to 2.5 times more of the first lubricant additive relative to the combined second and third lubricant additives.

10. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the base oil comprises a blend of Group I and Group II base oils and has a KV40 of 30 to 100 cSt.

11. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the turbine lubricant comprises 0.12 to 0.35 weight percent of the combined first, second, third, and fourth lubricant additives.

12. 7. The turbine lubricant of claim 6, wherein the turbine lubricant exhibits pass rust performance per ASTM D665B and water separation to 37 ml per ASTM D1401 in less than 10 minutes.

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