Mushroom cultivation sheet

Abstract

To provide a sheet for mushroom cultivation that reliably prevents sprouting from unwanted areas while guaranteeing sprouting from desired areas in a mushroom cultivation bed.SOLUTION: A sheet for mushroom cultivation is placed to cover a mushroom cultivation bed. This sheet includes: a light blocking region having light-blocking performance; light transmitting regions that are scattered at plural sites in the light blocking region and have light transmitting properties; and a through-hole formed on each of the light transmitting regions at the plural sites.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a sheet for cultivating mushrooms, which is applied onto a mushroom cultivation bed. [Background technology]

[0002] Attempts to limit the areas where mushrooms grow in a mushroom cultivation bed in order to optimize yields and efficiently harvest the mushrooms include the techniques described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 below. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2010-29097 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2020-36 A [Patent Document 3] JP 2020-37 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a sheet for cultivating mushrooms, which can reliably prevent germination from unintended locations in a mushroom cultivation bed, while ensuring germination from intended locations. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] A first embodiment of the present disclosure is a sheet-like mushroom cultivation sheet that is applied over a mushroom cultivation bed, and has a light-shielding area that has light-shielding properties, light-transmitting areas that are scattered throughout a plurality of locations in the light-shielding area and have light-transmitting properties, and through holes formed in each of the plurality of light-transmitting areas.

[0006] With the above-mentioned configuration, mushroom germination is inhibited in the light-shielding area while mushroom germination is promoted in the light-transmitting area, and the through holes make it possible to grow mushrooms in the intended position.

[0007] In the second embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, the light-shielding area has a light-shielding rate of 99% or more. With this configuration, it is possible to reliably suppress the germination of mushrooms in the light-shielding area.

[0008] In a third embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the configuration of the second embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the light-transmitting region to the area of ​​the entire sheet is 3% or more and 12% or less. With this configuration, it becomes possible to appropriately adjust the part of the cultivation bed where mushroom germination is promoted.

[0009] In the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, in addition to the configuration of the third embodiment, the diameter of the through-hole is 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less. By configuring in this way, it becomes possible to sufficiently grow mushrooms whose germination is promoted in the light-transmitting region. Effect of the Invention

[0010] Since the embodiments of the present disclosure are configured as described above, it is possible to provide a mushroom cultivation sheet that can reliably prevent germination in unintended locations in a mushroom cultivation bed while ensuring germination in intended locations. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view illustrating a schematic example of a mushroom cultivation sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a schematic diagram of another example of a mushroom cultivation sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] 1 is a photograph taken in plan view showing the germination status of mushrooms in a cultivation bed in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings referred to below are merely schematic illustrations, and the positional relationship and size of each part do not necessarily correspond to the actual product.

[0013] (1) First embodiment 1 and 2 are plan views that typically show a sheet 10 for cultivating mushrooms according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The sheet 10 for cultivating mushrooms according to this embodiment is in the form of a sheet, and is applied onto a cultivation bed 50 (see FIG. 3) for cultivating mushrooms 60. The sheet 10 has a light-shielding region 20, light-transmitting regions 30 that are scattered at a plurality of positions in the light-shielding region 20 and have light-transmitting properties, and through-holes 40 formed in each of the light-transmitting regions at a plurality of positions.

[0014] The composition of the mushroom cultivation bed 50 varies depending on the type of mushroom 60 to be grown. For example, a container such as a tray filled with materials commonly used for mushroom cultivation beds, such as sawdust and corn cobs with wheat bran or the like added as nutrients in an appropriate ratio, is suitable for the cultivation bed 50 of this embodiment.

[0015] The type of mushroom 60 that can be grown using the mushroom cultivation sheet 10 of this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it can be cultivated on a flat surface. Examples of mushrooms 60 include mushrooms with relatively thick stems such as shiitake mushrooms, and mushrooms 60 that are harvested as individual stalks, such as Bunashimeji mushrooms and Maitake mushrooms.

[0016] The mushroom cultivation sheet 10 of this embodiment is preferably formed in a sheet shape since it is to be covered on the planar cultivation bed 50 as described above. The material of the sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has heat resistance during the sterilization process, but a material that is easy to process into a thin sheet shape and has moderate durability, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) resin, is preferable. In addition, in consideration of adhesion to the surface of the cultivation bed 50, the sheet thickness is preferably relatively thin, for example, 15 to 40 μm.

[0017] In the mushroom cultivation sheet 10 of this embodiment, it is preferable that a light-shielding area 20 is formed by printing on a part of a transparent sheet made of the above-mentioned material, and the non-printed part is made into a light-transmitting area 30. Alternatively, an appropriate part of a sheet having light-shielding properties as a whole may be cut out, and a piece of a light-transmitting sheet may be adhered to the cut-out part as the light-transmitting area 30, and the original light-shielding part may be made into the light-shielding area 20.

[0018] When the light-shielding region 20 is formed by printing, it is preferable to print with an ink having a high light-shielding rate. The color of the ink is not particularly limited as long as the light-shielding property can be ensured, and examples thereof include black ink, white ink, and silver ink. For example, when printing with black ink, white ink, or silver ink, the light-shielding rate of the light-shielding region 20 for light having a wavelength in the visible region (360 to 830 nm) can be 99.073 to 99.988%, which is 99% or more. In other words, by making the light-shielding rate of the light-shielding region 20 99% or more, it is possible to reliably suppress the germination of the mushrooms 60 in the light-shielding region 20. Note that if the sheet is formed of a semi-transparent material (for example, a light-shielding rate of 50% or less), mushrooms will grow in all parts of the sheet, which will actually reduce productivity.

[0019] The light-transmitting regions 30 are provided at positions where it is desired to promote the growth of the mushrooms 60, and are provided so as to be scattered at a plurality of positions with respect to the light-shielding region 20. The positions where the light-transmitting regions 30 are provided are desirably provided at appropriate intervals according to the type of mushrooms 60 and the size of the cultivation bed 50. It is also desirable that the ratio of the area of ​​the light-transmitting regions 30 to the area of ​​the entire sheet is 3% or more and 12% or less. By making this ratio 3% or more, it is possible to ensure the yield of the mushrooms 60 that is appropriate for the size of the cultivation bed 50. By making this ratio 12% or less, it is possible to prevent deformation due to contact between the caps of the mushrooms 60, and also to ensure the machine working space during the pruning work of the buds. In other words, by making this ratio 3 to 12%, the light-transmitting regions 30 are spaced as necessary and sufficient to control the germination site, thereby increasing the productivity of the mushrooms 60 and ensuring stable generation of the mushrooms 60.

[0020] The through-hole 40 is a hole for inoculating the seed fungus of the mushroom 60, and also serves as a ventilation hole for promoting growth. Here, the through-hole 40 is desirably provided in the center of the light-transmitting region 30. The presence of the light-transmitting region 30 around the through-hole 40 allows light to reach the mycelium spreading from the position where the seed fungus was inoculated to the surrounding cultivation bed 50, promoting the growth of the fruit body. In order to reliably inoculate the seed fungus and ensure a full season while suppressing contamination of the cultivation bed 50 with various bacteria, the diameter of the through-hole is desirably 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

[0021] The arrangement of the light-transmitting regions 30 in the mushroom cultivation sheet 10 is not particularly limited as long as a sufficient interval can be secured between adjacent through-holes 40. However, in consideration of the efficiency of the growing and harvesting operations, it is preferable that four adjacent through-holes 40 are arranged in a square shape as in the example shown in Fig. 1. Alternatively, six adjacent through-holes 40 may be arranged in a honeycomb shape with one through-hole 40 at the center as in the example shown in Fig. 2. EXAMPLES

[0022] As an example, a mushroom cultivation sheet 10 was produced using a 25 μm thick PET resin sheet. The size of the sheet was a square with each side measuring 39.4 cm, and the area was 1552.4 cm. 2 The light-shielding areas 20 were printed on this sheet with black ink so that 49 square light-transmitting areas 30, each 1.4 cm on a side, were arranged at 5.6 cm intervals, 7 vertically and 7 horizontally, for a total of 49, in the format shown in Figure 1. A circular through-hole 40 with a diameter of 5 mm was punched in the approximate center of each light-transmitting area 30. As a result, the area of ​​each light-transmitting area 30 was 2 cm 2 , the total area of ​​the light-transmitting region 30 is 98 cm 2 , and the proportion of the light-transmitting area 30 in the mushroom cultivation sheet 10 was 6.3%.

[0023] When light was irradiated onto the light-shielding region 20 from both sides of the sheet and the transmitted light was measured with an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer (UV-3600, Shimadzu Corporation), the light-shielding rate was 99.079 to 99.775%.

[0024] A mushroom cultivation medium containing sawdust, corn cobs, rice bran, bran, etc. was laid on a tray measuring 40 cm x 40 cm as the cultivation bed 50. The cultivation bed 50 was covered with the above-mentioned mushroom cultivation sheet 10. Then, shiitake mushroom seeds were inoculated at the positions of each through-hole 40. After a period of 14 days for the seeds to take root had elapsed, the mushrooms were cultivated for 56 days in a culture environment with a temperature of 20 to 25°C, a humidity of 50 to 90°C, and a CO2 concentration of 1,000 to 10,000 ppm, and then a germination period of 6 days and a growth period of 8 days were allowed to grow the mushrooms 60.

[0025] During the above-mentioned 56-day culture period, four types of illumination were performed, with the illuminance of the light being 500 lux or 5 lux, and the cumulative exposure time being 1,344 hours or 22.4 hours. Under the above-mentioned culture conditions in which these four types of illumination were performed, it was observed as test plots 1 to 4 whether germination was suppressed in the light-shielded area 20 and whether germination was observed in the light-transmitted area 30. Note that a control plot in which the illuminance of the light during the culture period was 0 lux and the cumulative exposure time was 0 hours, but the other culture conditions were the same, was used as test plot 5. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0026] [Table 1]

[0027] From Table 1 above, it was found that in all of the test plots 1 to 4 in which illumination was performed during the culture period, germination was suppressed in the shading area 20 and promoted in the light-transmitting area 30, regardless of the level of illuminance and the length of the cumulative irradiation time. That is, the results of test plot 1 showed that the light-transmitting area 30 can suppress germination even with the highest illuminance and the longest cumulative irradiation time. Also, the results of test plot 4 showed that the lowest illuminance and the shortest cumulative irradiation time are sufficient for germination in the light-transmitting area 30. In addition, from the results of test plot 5, no germination was observed in the light-transmitting area 30 when no illumination was performed at all, so it was found that germination would not be observed without illumination under the experimental conditions of this embodiment, and it was also found that the experimental method was appropriate.

[0028] Here, a photograph of the cultivation bed 50 after the germination period in the above-mentioned test area 3 is shown as Fig. 3. As shown in Fig. 3, germination of mushrooms 60 was observed in all 49 locations where the light-transmitting areas 30 were located, while no germination was observed at all in the locations where the light-shielding areas 20 were located.

[0029] In the mushroom cultivation sheet 10 made of the same material and printed in the same manner as in the above embodiment, the area of ​​each light-transmitting region 30 is the same 2 cm 2 Similar results were observed for examples in which the number of light-transmitting regions was 9, 16, 25, 41, or 64. In addition, in a mushroom cultivation sheet 10 made of the same material and printed in the same manner as in the above example, the area of ​​each light-transmitting region 30 was 1 cm 2 Or 3 cm 2 Similar results were observed when the number of the nuclei was set to 9, 16, 25, 41, 49, and 64, respectively. [Explanation of symbols]

[0030] 10 Mushroom cultivation sheet 20 Shading area 30 Translucent area 40 Through hole 50 Cultivation Fungi Bed 60 Mushrooms

Claims

1. A sheet-like mushroom cultivation sheet that is applied onto a planar mushroom cultivation bed, a light-shielding region having light-shielding properties formed in a part of a transparent sheet; a light-transmitting region that is a portion of the transparent sheet other than the portion where the light-shielding region is formed, the light-transmitting region being scattered in a plurality of locations in the light-shielding region and having light-transmitting properties; A through hole is formed in each of the plurality of light-transmitting regions and is a hole for inoculating a mushroom seed fungus; A sheet for growing mushrooms, comprising:

2. The mushroom cultivation sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the light-shielding rate of the light-shielding area is 99% or more.

3. 3. The mushroom cultivation sheet according to claim 2, wherein the area of ​​the light-transmitting region accounts for 3% or more and 12% or less of the total area of ​​the sheet.

4. The mushroom cultivation sheet according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the through holes is 3 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

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