Multi-story building

Abstract

To provide a multistory building causing less oppression to a user and providing spaciousness.SOLUTION: A multistory building 10 has outer peripheral slabs 20a-20k extended outdoor at every floor and an outer shell truss structure 40 surrounding an outer periphery of the multistory building 10. The outer peripheral slabs 20a-20k have outer peripheral frames 22 of steel frames or reinforcing bars and floor bodies of reinforced concrete continued at the outer periphery of each floor. The outer shell truss structure 40 includes multiple first diagonal members 41 and multiple second diagonal members 42. The outer shell truss structure 40 is formed by continuously connecting parallelogram frame-like bodies 50 formed by crossing the multiple first diagonal members 41 and multiple second diagonal members 42 along the outer periphery. Each of the first diagonal members 41 and the second diagonal members 42 is made of steel. Each of the frame-like bodies 50 is extended over the multiple floors, and is connected to the outer peripheral frame 22 of each floor crossing the frame-like bodies 50.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multi-story building having excellent seismic resistance.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, a multi-story building equipped with a seismic structure having steel braces bridged in a cross shape between a pair of columns and beams as in Patent Document 1 has been known. Usually, such a seismic structure is introduced into a part of the wall surface of a multi-story building.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] However, the steel braces as the seismic structure are thick and give a sense of oppression to the users of the multi-story building. Also, even if an opening is provided in the wall surface where the steel braces are provided, the opening area has to be small, so there is a lack of openness.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-story building having excellent seismic resistance with less sense of oppression to the users and a sense of openness.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above problems and can be realized as the following aspects or application examples.

[0007] [1] One aspect of the multi-story building according to the present invention is comprising an outer peripheral slab projecting outdoors on each floor and an outer shell truss structure surrounding the outer periphery of the multi-story building an upper structure, a lower structure that supports the upper structure, and is provided with, the lower structure supports the upper structure via a seismic isolation device, The outer peripheral slab includes an outer edge frame of steel frames or reinforcing bars continuously provided along the entire circumference of the outer edge, and a floor body made of reinforced concrete continuously provided along the entire circumference of the outer periphery of each floor. the outer peripheral slab has a width of 750 mm or more, the floor main body forms a substantially horizontal floor surface extending from the large beam closest to the outer edge frame on each floor to the outer edge, The outer shell truss structure includes a plurality of first diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the right and a plurality of second diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the left, and a plurality of parallelogram-shaped frame bodies formed by the intersection of the plurality of first diagonal members and the plurality of second diagonal members are continuously formed along the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the multi-story building. Each of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member is a steel frame. Each of the frame bodies extends over a plurality of floors and is joined to the outer edge frame of each floor that intersects with the frame body.

[0008] [2] In one aspect of the multi-story building described above, The multi-story building includes the outer peripheral slab on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab provided in a roof shape on the outer peripheral slab on the top floor. The lower ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining position in the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the first floor. The upper ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member can be joined at the same joining position in the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab in the roof shape.

[0009] [3] In one aspect of the multi-story building described above, The multi-story building includes the outer peripheral slab on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab on the top floor. The lower ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining position in the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the first floor. The upper ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member can be joined at the same joining position in the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the top floor.

Advantages of the Invention

[0011] According to one aspect of the multi-story building according to the present invention, by sandwiching an outer peripheral slab between the interior and the outer shell truss structure, it is possible to provide a multi-story building with excellent seismic resistance that gives users less sense of oppression and a sense of openness.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012]

Figure 1

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Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below do not unduly limit the content of the present invention described in the claims. Also, not all of the configurations described below are essential constituent elements of the present invention.

[0014] The multi-story building according to this embodiment includes an outer peripheral slab that projects outdoors on each floor and an outer shell truss structure that surrounds the outer periphery of the multi-story building. The outer peripheral slab includes an outer edge frame of steel columns or reinforcing bars provided continuously at the outer edge and a floor main body made of reinforced concrete that is continuous at the outer periphery of each floor. The outer shell truss structure includes a plurality of first diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the right and a plurality of second diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the left, and a plurality of parallelogram-shaped frame bodies formed by the intersection of the plurality of first diagonal members and the plurality of second diagonal members are continuously formed along the outer periphery of the multi-story building. Each of the first diagonal members and the second diagonal members is a steel column, and each of the frame bodies extends over a plurality of floors and is joined to the outer edge frame of each floor that intersects with the frame body.

[0015] 1. Multi-story building With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the outline of the multi-story building 10 according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a front view of the multi-story building 10 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a side view of the multi-story building 10 according to this embodiment. The rear view of the multi-story building 10 has basically the same structure as the front view, and the right side view of the multi-story building 10 is shown in a symmetric manner with FIG. 2.

[0016] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the multi-story building 10 includes outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k that project outdoors on each floor and an outer shell truss structure 40 that surrounds the outer periphery of the multi-story building 10. The multi-story building 10 includes an upper structure 12 having the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k and the outer shell truss structure 40, and a lower structure 14 that supports the upper structure 12. The multi-story building 10 includes the outer peripheral slab 20a on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab 20k provided in a roof-like shape on the outer peripheral slab 20j of the top floor (the tenth floor).

[0017] The superstructure 12 has a multi-layer structure with its lower end supported by a plurality of seismic isolation devices 140, for example, a 10-story building above ground, and has a structural frame of a steel frame structure. There is a rooftop above the 10th floor, and for example, a machine room is provided. The superstructure 12 has a substantially rectangular cross-section and is in the shape of a quadrangular prism, but it may also be in the shape of other polygonal prisms or a cylindrical shape. The superstructure 12 may be made of reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced concrete, wood, or the like. The superstructure 12 is used, for example, as an office building.

[0018] The substructure 14 supports the superstructure 12 via a plurality of seismic isolation devices 140. Since the multi-story building 10 has the seismic isolation devices 140, the burden of the horizontal force on the superstructure 12 supported thereby can be reduced, so that the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 constituting the outer shell truss structure 40 can be made thinner and weight can be reduced. The substructure 14 includes a plurality of piles 144 extending into the ground and seismic isolation devices 140 installed on the piles 144 via footings. When the ground directly under the foundation slab 145 has sufficient bearing capacity, the piles 144 can be omitted. The plurality of seismic isolation devices 140 are arranged, for example, in seismic isolation pits 142 provided underground. The seismic isolation pit 142 is a space surrounded by a reinforced concrete foundation slab 145 constructed on the ground and a retaining wall 146 rising from the outer peripheral edge of the foundation slab 145 toward the ground.

[0019] The seismic isolation devices 140 are installed at a plurality of locations in the seismic isolation pit 142 at intervals from each other. The seismic isolation device 140 is a mechanism that supports the superstructure 12, reduces the horizontal shaking such as an earthquake transmitted to the superstructure 12, and applies a force to return the change in the relative position of the superstructure 12 back to its original state, and is a so-called isolator. The seismic isolation device 140 includes at least one of laminated rubber, a sliding bearing, and a rolling bearing.

[0020] 2. Outer Peripheral Slab Next, the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the floor of FIG. 3.

[0021] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20j project so as to protrude from the floor slab 31 (FIG. 3) of the indoor space 30 on each floor to the outside. The outer peripheral slab 20k is provided on the outer periphery of the rooftop and projects in a roof-like manner on top of the outer peripheral slab 20j on the lower floor (the 10th floor). The outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k are provided over the entire circumference on the outside of the wall 34 that separates the indoor space 30 from the outside. On the rooftop, the wall 34 does not separate the indoor and outdoor spaces, but the wall 34 is provided at generally the same position as on the lower floors.

[0022] The outer peripheral slab 20g on the 7th floor of the multi-story building 10 shown in FIG. 3 has basically the same structure as the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20e and 20h to 20k on other floors. In FIG. 3, the outer peripheral slab 20g is represented by a shaded area to clearly show its range. The indoor space 30 is surrounded by the wall 34, and a plurality of columns 32 as structural members are provided inside the wall 34. The wall 34 is composed of, for example, windows made of all-glass, and a part of it is openable.

[0023] Normally, in a multi-story building on a seismic isolation device 140, more thicker columns have to be arranged for seismic resistance. However, in the multi-story building 10 according to the present embodiment, the columns 32 provided in the indoor space 30 are made thinner by the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k and the outer shell truss structure 40, and moreover, the number of columns 32 can be reduced. Therefore, when looking out from the indoor space 30, the area blocked by the columns 32 is small, so that the users in the indoor space 30 can obtain a sense of openness. In particular, by sandwiching the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k between the indoor space 30 and the outer shell truss structure 40, the sense of oppression exerted by the outer shell truss structure 40 on the users in the indoor space 30 can be reduced, thereby giving the users a sense of openness. For reducing the sense of oppression, for example, it is preferable to set the position of the wall 34 so that the distance between the outer shell truss structure 40 and the indoor space 30 is 750 mm or more. It is preferable that the width of at least the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k between the outer shell truss structure 40 and the indoor space 30 is 750 mm or more, so that during maintenance work, workers can walk on the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k.

[0024] The outer peripheral slab 20g may be used as a veranda in a corridor shape where users in the room 30 can enter and exit, or it may be greened by planting.

[0025] As shown in FIG. 4, the outer peripheral slab 20g includes an outer edge frame 22 of steel frame or reinforcing bars continuously provided at the outer edge of the outer peripheral slab 20g, and a floor main body 26 made of reinforced concrete continuous at the outer periphery of each floor. In this embodiment, the outer peripheral slab 20g shows an example where the outer edge frame 22 is a steel frame.

[0026] The outer edge frame 22 is at the outer edge of the outer peripheral slab 20g. The outer edge frame 22 is formed in a rectangular frame shape extending over the entire circumference along the outer edge of the outer peripheral slab 20g in plan view. The outer edge frame 22 is, for example, a channel steel and is a horizontal member constituting the sill portion of the floor main body 26. The channel steel outer edge frame 22 is arranged, for example, as shown in FIG. 6. The floor main body 26 constitutes a substantially horizontal floor surface extending from the outermost edge frame 22 - closest large beam 36a among the plurality of large beams 36, 36a on that floor to the outer edge. The floor main body 26 is made of reinforced concrete and can be formed in the same way as a cantilever slab with one end fixed to the large beam 36a. The floor main body 26 may incorporate a reinforcing steel frame for horizontal force transmission extending from the large beam 36a to the outer edge frame 22 inside the reinforced concrete structure. The floor surface of the floor main body 26 is provided continuously, for example, with the floor surface of the floor slab 31 formed inside the large beam 36a close to the outer edge frame 22. A handrail or the like for preventing falls may be provided near the outer edge of the floor main body 26.

[0027] The outer edge frame 22 is joined and integrated with the outer shell truss structure 40 by welding, bolts, or the like. Details of this joining structure will be described later. The outer edge frame 22 acts to transmit the horizontal force of the outer peripheral slab 20g and the outer shell truss structure 40 and to resist the tensile force generated in the outer peripheral slab 20g. Therefore, damage to the floor main body 26 can be reduced against horizontal shaking such as an earthquake.

[0028] The outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k are formed in a continuous frame shape so as to surround the outer periphery of the floor slab 31 of each floor, and transmit the horizontal force generated on the floor to the outer shell truss structure 40 via the floor body 26 and the outer edge frame 22.

[0029] The interior 30 is located inside and surrounded by the wall 34, and includes a plurality of columns 32, a plurality of large beams 36, 36a connecting between the columns 32 on the lower floor, and a concrete floor slab 31 placed on the large beams 36, 36a. The floor slab 31 is integrally formed continuously with the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20k. Below the columns 32 are supported by the seismic isolation devices 140 via footings.

[0030] 3. Outer shell truss structure Next, the outer shell truss structure 40 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

[0031] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer shell truss structure 40 includes a plurality of first diagonal members 41 extending obliquely upward to the right and a plurality of second diagonal members 42 extending obliquely upward to the left, and a parallelogram frame body 50 formed by the intersection of the plurality of first diagonal members 41 and the plurality of second diagonal members 42 is continuously formed in plurality along the outer periphery of the multi-story building 10. "Obliquely upward to the right" and "obliquely upward to the left" are the directions as seen from a person standing facing each wall 34 from the outside of the multi-story building 10. The frame body 50 is the portion surrounded by the broken line.

[0032] Each of the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 is a steel frame, and examples of the type of steel frame include H-shaped steel and circular steel pipe etc. adopted in the brace structure.

[0033] The lower end 410 of the first diagonal member 41 and the lower end 420 of the second diagonal member 42 are joined at the same joint location on the outer edge frame 22 of the outer peripheral slab 20a on the first floor. The upper end 412 of the first diagonal member 41 and the upper end 422 of the second diagonal member 42 are joined at the same joint location on the outer edge frame 22 of the eaves-shaped outer peripheral slab 20k. The joining of the lower ends 410, 420 and the outer edge frame 22 and the joining of the upper ends 412, 422 and the outer edge frame 22 are performed by welding, bolt joining, etc.

[0034] There are six first diagonal members 41 in FIG. 1. The two at the left end have their lower ends joined to the outer edge frames 22 of the outer peripheral slab 20c and the outer peripheral slab 20g, but are also joined to the upper ends of the two first diagonal members 41 at the right end in FIG. 2, and are configured to be continuous from the lower end 410 joined to the outer peripheral slab 20a on the side surface to the upper end 412 of the first diagonal member 41 on the front surface. Thus, all the first diagonal members 41 can be considered as a single structural member continuous from the outer peripheral slab 20a to the outer peripheral slab 20k. Similarly, the second diagonal member 42 can also be considered as a single structural member continuous from the outer peripheral slab 20a to the outer peripheral slab 20k.

[0035] A region having four tops 51, 52, 53, 54 where the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 intersect forms a single parallelogram-shaped frame body 50. In FIG. 1, the lower right frame body 50 is shown surrounded by a dashed line, and in FIG. 2, the lower left frame body 50 is shown surrounded by a dashed line. Accordingly, a plurality of frame bodies 50 are arranged so as to continuously surround the entire circumference of the multi-story building 10 in the vertical and horizontal directions. Since the multi-story building 10 is provided with the seismic isolation device 140, the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 can be made relatively thin, so there is less sense of oppression on the users in the room 30, and it is easy to see outside from the room 30, so the sense of openness is enhanced.

[0036] Each of the frame bodies 50 extends over a plurality of floors (four floors in this embodiment) and is joined to the outer edge frame 22 of each floor that intersects the frame body 50. That is, the frame body 50 indicated by the dashed line in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 has the first diagonal member 41 joined to each of the outer edge frames 22 of the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20e, and the second diagonal member 42 joined to each of the outer edge frames 22 of the outer peripheral slabs 20a to 20e. By forming a large parallelogram in which one frame body 50 extends over a plurality of floors, the sense of oppression in the room 30 on each floor is reduced and the sense of openness is improved. The joining structure will be described later.

[0037] The frame body 50 is a parallelogram having four tops 51, 52, 53, 54. The outer edge frame 22 joins not only at the tops 51, 52, 53, 54, but also in the middle of each side (the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42) that intersects the outer edge frame 22. Also, the top 54 in FIG. 1 joins with the top 53 in FIG. 2, and similarly, the top 54 and the top 53 adjacent to each other at the corner of the multi-story building 10 join with each other.

[0038] 4. Joining Structure Using FIGS. 5 and 6, the joining structure of the first diagonal member 41, the second diagonal member 42, and the outer edge frame 22 will be described. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the joined portion 23 obtained by enlarging the C portion in FIG. 1 as seen from the front side, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 5.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 5, the first diagonal member 41 joins and integrates at the location where it intersects the second diagonal member 42. For example, at the four tips of a joined member in which H-shaped steel is welded in an X shape at a steelworks in advance, ordinary straight linear H-shaped steel is joined by welding or the like and integrated. The outer peripheral slab 20e joins on the back side of the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 where the outer edge frame 22 intersects in an X shape. The joining of the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 with the outer edge frame 22, the joining of the first diagonal members 41 with each other, or the joining of the second diagonal members 42 with each other is performed by, for example, welding or bolt joining.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 6, the outer edge frame 22 is provided at the tip of the outer peripheral slab 20e. The outer edge frame 22 is, for example, channel steel, and a headed stud 230 and a cotter 231 are provided in the recess. The cotter 231 is a metal fitting, and the opposing cotters 231 are welded or bolt-joined to each other. The headed stud 230 extends into the concrete constituting the floor body 26, and the recess houses the concrete, and the outer peripheral slab 20e is formed.

[0041] Due to this joint 23, the horizontal force is transmitted from the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 of the outer shell truss structure 40 to the outer edge frame 22 of the outer peripheral slab 20e. Further, the outer edge frame 22 surrounding the outer edge of the outer peripheral slab 20e can resist the tensile force generated in the outer peripheral slab 20e. Note that the joint structure between the outer shell truss structure 40 and the first diagonal member 41 or the second diagonal member 42 on each floor is basically the same as that of the outer peripheral slab 20e.

[0042] 5. Other joint structures Using FIGS. 7 and 8, other joint structures will be described. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another joint 23 as viewed from the front side, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 7. Descriptions of portions overlapping with FIGS. 5 and 6 are omitted.

[0043] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it is different from FIGS. 5 and 6 in that the outer edge frame 22 is not a channel steel but a horizontal reinforcing bar 233. The horizontal reinforcing bar 233 is embedded at the tip of the outer peripheral slab 20e, and the tip is fixed to a U-shaped cotter 234 using a fixing plate 235. The cotter 234 is a metal fitting and is welded or bolted to the back side of the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42. The horizontal reinforcing bar 233 is fixed to the cotter 234 fixed to the first diagonal member 41 and the second diagonal member 42 to handle the reaction force against the tensile force. Further, prestress may be introduced from both ends of the outer peripheral slab 20e to cope with the tensile axial force.

[0044] 6. Modification Using FIG. 9, a multi-story building 100 according to a modification will be described. FIG. 9 is a front view of the multi-story building 100 according to the modification. Since the multi-story building 100 has basically the same structure as the above-described multi-story building 10, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping descriptions are omitted.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 9, the multi-story building 100 has 11 floors on the top floor. The multi-story building 10 includes the outer peripheral slab 20a on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab 20k on the top floor (the 11th floor). Therefore, the outer peripheral slab 20k in the modification is not a eaves extending from the roof, but an outer peripheral slab 20k continuous with the floor slab 31 on the top floor.

[0046] The lower end 410 of the first diagonal member 41 and the lower end 420 of the second diagonal member 42 are joined at the same joint location on the outer edge frame 22 of the outer peripheral slab 20a on the first floor. And the upper end 412 of the first diagonal member 41 and the upper end 422 of the second diagonal member 42 are joined at the same joint location on the outer edge frame 22 of the outer peripheral slab 20k on the top floor, which is the 11th floor.

[0047] Thus, even when there is no eaves-like portion on the top floor of the multi-story building 10, by joining the upper end of the outer shell truss structure 40 to the outer peripheral slab 20k on the top floor, high seismic performance up to the 10th floor can be provided.

[0048] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are further possible. For example, the present invention includes configurations that are substantially the same as the configurations described in the embodiments (for example, configurations having the same functions, methods, and results, or configurations having the same objectives and effects). Further, the present invention includes configurations in which non-essential portions of the configurations described in the embodiments are replaced. Further, the present invention includes configurations that exhibit the same operational effects as the configurations described in the embodiments or configurations that can achieve the same objectives. Further, the present invention includes configurations in which known technologies are added to the configurations described in the embodiments.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0049] 10, 100... multi-story building, 12... upper structure, 14... lower structure, 20a - 20k... outer peripheral slab, 22... outer edge frame, 23... joint, 230... headed stud, 231... cotter, 233... horizontal reinforcing bar, 234... cotter, 235... fixing plate, 26... floor body, 30... interior, 31... floor slab, 32... column, 34... wall, 36, 36a... girder, 40... outer shell truss structure, 41... first diagonal member, 410... lower end, 412... upper end, 42... second diagonal member, 420... lower end, 422... upper end, 50... frame body, 51, 52, 53, 54... top, 140... seismic isolation device, 142... seismic isolation pit, 144... pile, 145... foundation slab, 146... retaining wall

Claims

1. An upper structure including an outer peripheral slab that projects outdoors at each floor and an outer shell truss structure that surrounds the outer periphery of a multi-story building, A lower structure that supports the upper structure, Comprising: The lower structure supports the upper structure via a seismic isolation device, The outer peripheral slab includes an outer edge frame of steel or reinforced bars provided continuously around the entire outer edge, and a floor body made of reinforced concrete that is continuous around the entire outer periphery of each floor, The outer peripheral slab has a width of 750 mm or more, The floor body forms a substantially horizontal floor surface extending from the main beam closest to the outer edge frame on each floor to the outer edge, The outer shell truss structure includes a plurality of first diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the right and a plurality of second diagonal members extending obliquely upward to the left, and a plurality of parallelogram-shaped frame bodies formed by the intersection of the plurality of first diagonal members and the plurality of second diagonal members are continuously formed along the entire outer periphery of the multi-story building, Each of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member is a steel frame, Each of the frame bodies extends over a plurality of floors and is joined to the outer edge frame of each floor that intersects the frame body. A multi-story building characterized by this.

2. In Claim 1, The multi-story building includes the outer peripheral slab on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab provided in a roof shape on the outer peripheral slab on the top floor, The lower ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining location on the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the first floor, The upper ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining location on the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab in the roof shape. A multi-story building characterized by this.

3. In Claim 1, The multi-story building includes the outer peripheral slab on the first floor and the outer peripheral slab on the top floor, The lower ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining location on the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the first floor, The upper ends of the first diagonal member and the second diagonal member are joined at the same joining location on the outer edge frame of the outer peripheral slab on the top floor. A multi-story building characterized by this.

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