Flood prevention structures for existing buildings

Abstract

To provide a flood prevention structure for existing buildings that can be retrofitted to existing buildings such as houses, specializing in flooding above floor level.SOLUTION: A flood prevention structure 1 for an existing building of the present invention comprises an exterior wall waterproofing portion 10 covering an exterior wall A2 of an existing building A, and an opening waterproofing portion 20 covering an opening A3 of the existing building A. The exterior wall waterproofing portion 10 comprises a plurality of connecting members 12 installed on an exterior wall A1 and / or a foundation A2, and a plurality of composite waterproof walls 11 fixed to the connecting members 12. The composite waterproof wall 11 comprises a rectangular panel 11a, and a waterproof surface material 11b that seals a space between two adjacent panels 11a and a space between the panel 11a and a site outside the panel 11a. An upper portion of the exterior wall waterproofing section 10 and the opening waterproofing section 20 is higher than a floor surface of the first floor of the existing building A and lower than a lower end of a window.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a flood prevention structure for existing buildings, and in particular to a flood prevention structure for existing buildings that can be retrofitted to existing buildings such as houses and is specialized for preventing flooding above the floor level. [Background technology]

[0002] Due to geopolitical constraints such as steep terrain and little flat land, many of Japan's cities are located below the water level of the sea or rivers. If heavy rain causes rivers to overflow or levees to break, it can cause enormous damage to lives and property. In particular, in recent years, the risk of flooding above floor level in houses and other buildings has increased significantly due to frequent heavy rainfall caused by climate change and the short-term inflow of surface water into rivers due to urbanization. Non-Patent Document 1 discloses methods for raising the height of a building to prevent flooding above the floor level, methods for using a pilotis structure for the foundation, and methods for surrounding a building with a permanent waterproof wall. Patent Document 1 discloses a structure in which a water-floating body made of foamed resin, wood, etc. is installed under the floor of a building. With this structure, when water flows under the floor, the buoyancy of the water-floating body causes the building to rise above the water, thereby preventing flooding above the floor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-219972 [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] "Flood Disaster Prevention Measures 4-1-3: Preventing Flooding and Building Homes to Protect Lives", [online], Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, [Retrieved June 14, 2023], Internet<URL:https: / / www.mlit.go.jp / river / pamphlet_jirei / bousai / saigai / kiroku / suigai / suigai_4-1-3.html> Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The prior art has the following drawbacks: <1> While it is possible to incorporate elevation and pilotis structures into new building designs, they cannot be retrofitted to existing buildings. Furthermore, because they are structures that must be incorporated into the building design, the introduction costs are high. <2> Permanent waterproof walls not only take up a large area of land, but also obstruct daily traffic and sunlight, reducing the livability of the building. <3> A structure that installs a floating body under the floor is likely to cause damage to the building due to the strain caused by buoyancy. Also, the installation location would change before and after the floating body is installed, making it unrealistic. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention comprises an exterior wall waterproofing section that covers the exterior walls of the existing building, and an opening waterproofing section that covers the openings of the existing building, the exterior wall waterproofing section having a plurality of connecting members installed on the exterior wall and / or foundation, and a plurality of composite waterproofing walls fixed to the connecting members, the composite waterproofing walls consisting of rectangular panels and waterproof surface materials that seal the space between two adjacent panels and between the panels and the site outside the panels, and the upper parts of the exterior wall waterproofing section and the opening waterproofing section are higher than the first floor floor of the existing building and lower than the bottom edge of the windows.

[0007] The water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention may have an opening waterproofing section that includes two fixed pillars erected on both sides of the opening and a shielding plate that blocks the space between the two fixed pillars.

[0008] The water-proof structure for existing buildings of the present invention may comprise a fixed support pillar having a pillar body and a fixing groove extending in the height direction of the pillar body, and the shielding plate may be clamped in the width direction by two opposing fixing grooves in the two fixed supports.

[0009] The water-blocking structure for an existing building of the present invention has an opening waterproofing section that is provided with a water-stop groove installed on the site along the lower edge of the shielding plate, and the water-stop groove has a long groove fitting with an approximately U-shaped or C-shaped cross section that is buried on the site, and a water-stop material installed within the groove fitting over the entire length of the groove fitting, and the lower edge of the shielding plate may be pressed tightly against the water-stop material by the weight of the shielding plate.

[0010] In the water inundation prevention structure for an existing building of the present invention, the shielding plate may be made up of a combination of a plurality of divided plates arranged in parallel in the height direction.

[0011] In the water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention, the opening waterproof section may include an auxiliary support pillar erected between two fixed supports, and the auxiliary support pillar may support the shielding plate from the existing building side.

[0012] The water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention further comprises a ventilation opening waterproof part that covers the ventilation opening of the existing building, and the ventilation opening waterproof part may have a frame attached to cover the ventilation opening, ventilation holes that penetrate both sides of the frame, and a magnetic sheet that can be magnetically attached to the frame to cover the ventilation holes.

[0013] In the water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention, the panels and / or shielding plates may be made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] Since the water-proof structure for an existing building of the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, it has at least one of the following effects. <1> It can be retrofitted to existing buildings at a relatively low cost. <2> The structure is designed to remain open during normal times and to cover openings and ventilation holes in the event of a flood, so it does not obstruct traffic or sunlight and does not impair the livability of the building. <3> Because the structure is designed specifically for water levels up to the bottom of the first-floor windows, it is less susceptible to damage to the structure due to buoyancy, and the installation costs are relatively low. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram of the flood prevention structure for an existing building according to the present invention. [Figure 2] Exterior wall waterproofing diagram [Figure 3] Explanation of the waterproof opening [Figure 4] Explanation of the waterproof opening [Figure 5] Water stop groove diagram [Figure 6] Explanation of the waterproof ventilation opening DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The following describes in detail the flood prevention structure for an existing building of the present invention with reference to the drawings. In this invention, the term "outside" in terms such as "exterior wall," "exterior surface," and "outside" refers to the direction horizontally away from the existing building, and the term "inside" in terms such as "interior surface" and "inside" refers to the direction opposite to "outside." [Example]

[0017] [Flood prevention structure] <1> Overall configuration (Figure 1) The flood prevention structure 1 for an existing building is a flood prevention structure that can be retrofitted to an existing building A such as a house. The flood prevention structure 1 for an existing building includes at least an exterior wall waterproofing part 10 that covers the exterior wall A1 of the existing building A, and an opening waterproofing part 20 that covers the opening A3. In this example, it also includes a ventilation opening waterproofing part 30 that covers the ventilation opening A4. The flood prevention structure 1 for an existing building is a structure that mainly prevents water from entering the existing building A by surrounding the periphery of the existing building A with a waterproof wall as a countermeasure against flooding above the floor level of the existing building A. The critical water level covered by this invention is up to the bottom of the first floor window (approximately 1.0 m above the first floor floor, or approximately 1.5 m above the outdoor ground level). This is because if the water level due to a flood exceeds the bottom of the window, the buoyancy acting on the existing building A will increase, causing the existing building A to float up and potentially damaging the structure. As a result of the above, the upper portions of the exterior wall waterproofing portion 10 and the opening waterproofing portion 20 are set higher than the first floor floor of the existing building A and lower than the bottom edge of the window.

[0018] <1.1> (Figure 1) Existing building A is a building constructed on the site. One feature of the flood prevention structure for existing buildings of the present invention is that it can be installed in existing buildings, not in newly constructed buildings. In this example, the existing building A is a wooden frame house constructed by assembling a base, pillars, beams, girders, etc. on a concrete foundation A2. The existing building A has an exterior wall A1 erected on a foundation A2, an opening A3 for a porch or garage set back from the surface of the exterior wall A1, and a ventilation opening A4 that connects the exterior surface of the foundation A2 to the underfloor space. In this example, the site has a concrete floor.

[0019] <2> Waterproofing of exterior wall (Figure 2) The exterior wall waterproofing section 10 is a structure that covers the exterior wall A1 of the existing building A. The exterior wall waterproofing section 10 comprises a plurality of connecting members 12 installed on the exterior wall A1 and / or the foundation A2, and a plurality of composite waterproof walls 11 fixed to the connecting members 12. In this example, long channel materials are used as the connecting members 12, and the connecting members 12 are arranged horizontally on the exterior wall A1 and are aligned in multiple rows in the vertical direction. One side of each connecting member 12 is screwed to the exterior wall A1, and the other side is screwed to the inner surface of the composite waterproof wall 11, thereby fixing the composite waterproof wall 11 to the exterior wall A1 via the connecting members 12. However, the connecting members 12 are not limited to long channel members, and may be, for example, a plurality of fixing metal fittings. Also, the composite waterproof wall 11 may be fixed directly to the exterior wall A1 without using the connecting members 12.

[0020] <2.1> Composite waterproof wall (Figure 2) The composite waterproof wall 11 is a wall body that covers the exterior wall A1 to provide waterproofing. The composite waterproof wall 11 includes rectangular panels 11a and a waterproof surface material (waterproof sheet 11b) that seals gaps between the panels 11a. Multiple panels 11a are arranged in parallel horizontally along the exterior wall A1, and waterproof sheets 11b are glued from the outside between two adjacent panels 11a and between the panels 11a and the site (concrete surface) in front of the panels 11a to seal them. Also, at the corners of the existing building A, the sides of the panels 11a are butted against the supports, and the waterproof sheets 11b are glued between the panels 11a and the supports to seal them. In this example, rectangular fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) panels are used as the panels 11a. FRP panels are highly durable and weather-resistant, so they are less likely to break even under high water pressure during floods, and they are also less likely to deteriorate when exposed to ultraviolet rays, wind, and rain. In this example, a strip-shaped sheet made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used as the waterproof sheet 11b. However, the configuration of the composite waterproof wall 11 is not limited to the above, and for example, the panel 11a may be a metal plate or a wooden plate. Also, the waterproof sheet 11b may not be strip-shaped but may be a sheet that covers the entire surface of the panel 11a.

[0021] <3> Waterproof opening (Figure 3) The opening waterproof section 20 is a structure that covers the opening A3 of the existing building A. The opening waterproofing section 20 includes at least two fixed posts 21 erected on both sides of the opening A3, and a shielding plate 22 that closes the space between the two fixed posts 21. In this example, it also includes a water-stopping groove 23 provided on the site along the lower edge of the shielding plate 22, and an auxiliary post 24 erected between the two fixed posts 21. The fixed supports 21 are fixed to the exterior wall A1 of the existing building A on both sides of the opening A3. In this example, the fixed support 21 has a rectangular pillar-shaped support body 21a and a fixing groove 21b extending along the height direction of the support body 21a, and the two fixed support bodies 21 are installed with the fixing grooves 21b facing each other. A waterproof material such as rubber is attached to the inside of the fixing groove 21b to stop water. In this example, rectangular FRP panels are used as the shielding plates 22, and are made up of a combination of multiple divided plates 22a arranged in parallel in the height direction. A waterproof material such as rubber is inserted between the upper and lower divided plates 22a to ensure watertightness between the divided plates 22a.

[0022] <3.1> Water-stop groove (Fig. 4) The water blocking groove 23 is a groove that prevents water from seeping in through the gap between the lower edge of the shielding plate 22 and the site. The water-stopping groove 23 is composed of a long groove fitting 23a buried in the site and a water-stopping material 23b installed over the entire length of the groove fitting 23a. In this example, a rail member having a substantially U-shaped cross section is used as the grooved fitting 23a, but the grooved fitting 23a is not limited to this, and may have a substantially C-shaped cross section, for example. In this example, a long square rubber bar placed in the groove of the groove fitting 23a is used as the waterproof material 23b.

[0023] <3.2> Auxiliary support (Fig. 5) The auxiliary support pillars 24 are pillars that support the shielding plate 22 from the inside. The auxiliary support 24 is installed at a position set back toward the existing building A at the midpoint between the two fixed supports 21. The auxiliary support column 24 is made up of an auxiliary support column main body 24a and a sheath pipe 24b into which the auxiliary support column main body 24a can be inserted. In this example, a square pillar-shaped steel pipe is used as the auxiliary support column main body 24a. The sheath pipe 24b is buried vertically in the site between the two fixed supports 21. When the spacing between the fixed supports 21 is wide, such as when the opening A3 is a garage, the auxiliary supports 24 support the inside of the shielding plate 22, preventing the shielding plate 22 from bending inward due to water pressure and being damaged or coming off the fixed groove 21b. The auxiliary support 24 is not an essential component of the opening waterproof section 20.

[0024] <3.3> Closing of waterproof openings The waterproof opening 20 is normally left open for normal use, and is closed when flooding is expected during a typhoon, heavy rain, etc. In detail, it is closed, for example, in the following manner. The shielding plate 22 is dropped from above between the fixing grooves 21b of the two fixing posts 21. In this way, the shielding plate 22 is sandwiched between the two fixing posts 21. At this time, the shielding plate 22 rests on the water-stopping material 23b in the groove metal fitting 23a, and the water-stopping material 23b is elastically deformed by the weight of the shielding plate 22 and comes into close contact with the lower edge of the shielding plate 22. This makes it possible to prevent water from seeping in from below the shielding plate 22. After the shielding plate 22 is installed, the auxiliary support body 24a is inserted into the sheath pipe 24b to support the shielding plate 22 from the inside.

[0025] <4> Waterproof ventilation hole (Figure 6) The ventilation opening waterproof part 30 is a structure that covers the ventilation opening A4 of the existing building A. A ventilation opening A4 that connects to the underfloor space is provided in the foundation A2 of the existing building A. However, since the water-resistant structure 1 for an existing building of the present invention is structured to cover the exterior wall A1 and foundation A2 with the exterior wall waterproofing part 10, the composite waterproof wall 11 prevents air from venting the ventilation opening A4 to the underfloor space. Therefore, by covering the ventilation opening A4 with a ventilation opening waterproof part 30 that can be opened and closed freely, the ventilation opening waterproof part 30 can be opened during normal times to ensure ventilation under the floor, and can be closed to prevent flooding when flooding is expected during typhoons, heavy rain, etc. The ventilation opening waterproof part 30 comprises a frame 31 attached so as to cover the ventilation opening A4, ventilation holes 32 penetrating both sides of the frame 31, and a magnetic sheet 33 magnetically attached to the frame 31 so as to cover the ventilation holes 32. Specifically, the composite waterproof wall 11 outside the ventilation opening A4 is cut out, and a metal frame 31 is installed on the composite waterproof wall 11. The frame 31 is provided with ventilation holes 32, which allow ventilation under the floor. When the ventilation opening waterproof part 30 is closed, a magnetic sheet 33 is attached onto the frame 31, and the magnetic sheet 33 blocks the ventilation hole 32 to prevent water from entering under the floor. In addition, if the existing building A does not have its own ventilation opening A4 and uses foundation gaskets for underfloor ventilation, the foundation A2 is cut to create a new ventilation opening A4, and a ventilation opening waterproof part 30 is installed above the ventilation opening A4.

[0026] <5> Other measures to prevent flooding above floor level During a flood, the difference in water levels inside and outside can cause wastewater to backflow from toilet and bathtub drains, which can flood the interior of a room. For this reason, it is effective to block the toilet and bathtub drains with stop valves or water stop pads and place water bags or sandbags on top to hold them down. In addition, outdoor electrical equipment such as air conditioner outdoor units can be prevented from being damaged by flooding by installing them on high bases. [Example]

[0027] [Example where waterproof surface material is FRP coating] In the first embodiment, the waterproof sheet 11b is used as the waterproof face material, and the gaps between the panels 11a are sealed with the waterproof sheet 11b, but the present invention is not limited to this. In this example, a glass fiber sheet is used as the waterproof surface material. In detail, a glass fiber sheet is adhered to the joints between adjacent panels 11a, and resin is applied to the glass fiber sheet and impregnated therein, thereby fabricating an FRP plate between the adjacent panels 11a on-site. In this example, the composite waterproof wall 10 has an integral structure of FRP plates, and therefore can exhibit high rigidity against water pressure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0028] 1 Flooding prevention structure 10 Exterior wall waterproofing section 11 Composite waterproofing wall Panel 11a 11b Waterproof sheet 12 Connecting member 20 Waterproof opening 21 Fixed post 21a Post body 21b Fixed groove 22 Shielding plate 22a split plate 23 Water stop groove 23a Groove fittings 23b Water stop material 24 Auxiliary support 24a Auxiliary support body 24b Sheath tube 30 Ventilation port waterproof part 31 frames 32 Ventilation hole 33 Magnetic Sheet A. Existing buildings A1 Exterior wall A2 Basics A3 opening A4 ventilation hole

Claims

1. A flood prevention structure for an existing building that can be attached to an existing building such as a house, an exterior wall waterproofing unit that is permanently installed in the existing building and covers the exterior wall of the existing building; and an opening waterproofing part that covers the opening of the existing building in an emergency, The exterior wall waterproofing section has a plurality of composite waterproofing walls fixed to the side surfaces of the exterior wall and / or the foundation rising section, The composite waterproof wall is composed of rectangular panels and a waterproof surface material that seals between two adjacent panels and between the panels and the site outside the panels, The opening waterproofing section has two fixed posts erected on both sides of the opening, a shielding plate capable of closing the space between the two fixed posts, and an auxiliary post that can be inserted into the ground between the two fixed posts and erected therein, The upper part of the exterior wall waterproofing part and the opening waterproofing part is higher than the floor surface of the first floor of the existing building and lower than the bottom edge of the window, In an emergency, the space between the two fixed columns is blocked with the shielding plate, the auxiliary columns are inserted into the ground between the two fixed columns and erected, and the shielding plate is supported from the existing building side by the auxiliary columns, thereby shielding the entire periphery of the existing building and preventing flooding into the existing building. Water-resistant structure for existing buildings.

2. The fixed support includes a support body and a fixing groove extending in a height direction of the support body, The shielding plate is sandwiched in the width direction by the two opposing fixing grooves of the two fixing posts. The water-proof structure for an existing building according to claim 1.

3. The opening waterproof portion has a water stop groove provided on the site along the lower edge of the shielding plate, The water-stopping groove has a long groove fitting having a substantially U-shaped or C-shaped cross section buried in the site, and a water-stopping material installed in the groove fitting over the entire length of the groove fitting, The lower edge of the shielding plate is brought into close contact with the water-stopping material by the weight of the shielding plate. The water inundation prevention structure for an existing building according to claim 2.

4. The shielding plate is made up of a combination of a plurality of divided plates arranged in parallel in the height direction. A water-proof structure for an existing building according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. Further provided is a ventilation opening waterproof part that covers the ventilation opening of the existing building, The waterproof ventilation opening part has a frame attached to cover the ventilation opening, ventilation holes penetrating both sides of the frame, and a magnetic sheet that can be magnetically attached to the frame to cover the ventilation holes. A water-proof structure for an existing building according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The panel and / or the shielding plate is made of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), A water-proof structure for an existing building according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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