Method for producing bokashi fertilizer and enzyme culture solution

Abstract

To provide a production method of an ecologically treated fertilizer curbed in generation of an odor component.SOLUTION: A production method of an ecologically treated fertilizer is a method of filling an organic matter blended with a microbial population that includes both photophilic and thermophilic properties in a closed chamber 10 which receives sunlight, and applying the sunlight to the organic matter to ferment and compost the organic matter. The closed chamber 10 includes a blower 21 that blows air to the organic matter, a collector device 41 that collects gas including an enzyme generated from the organic matter, and a liquefaction device 43 that liquefies the gas to obtain an enzyme liquid, where an enzyme-containing liquid is sprayed to the organic matter, the enzyme-containing liquid including an enzyme culture liquid obtained by culturing the enzyme liquid with a grain vinegar and a syrup.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The technical field of the method for producing bokashi fertilizer and enzyme culture solution described in this specification relates to a method for producing bokashi fertilizer and enzyme culture solution by composting organic matter using a group of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. [Background technology]

[0002] As a conventional method for composting organic matter using a group of microorganisms, Patent Document 1 describes a composting method in which organic matter is mixed with at least a group of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms, filled into a sealed chamber, and then composted by applying light energy to the organic matter to ferment and decompose it. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-019580 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, the composting method described in Patent Document 1 did not fully consider deodorization, and the compost produced had an odor. Therefore, there was a demand for a bokashi fertilizer (compost) that suppresses the generation of odorous components.

[0005] The problem that the technology of this specification aims to solve was made in consideration of the above points, and is to provide a method for producing bokashi fertilizer in which the generation of odorous components is suppressed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The method for producing bokashi fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present specification is a method for producing bokashi fertilizer by filling organic matter containing a mixture of microorganisms having both photophilic and thermophilic properties into a sealed chamber through which sunlight passes, irradiating the organic matter with sunlight, and fermenting the organic matter into compost, The sealed chamber is provided with a blower for blowing air onto the organic matter, a collector for collecting gas containing enzymes generated from the organic matter, and a liquefier for liquefying the gas to produce an enzyme liquid; The enzyme-containing liquid containing the enzyme culture liquid obtained by cultivating the enzyme liquid in vinegar and molasses is sprayed onto the organic matter.

[0007] According to the method for producing bokashi fertilizer according to the embodiment of this specification, the enzyme-containing liquid can activate the fermentation of organic matter and promote the decomposition of the organic matter, thereby suppressing the generation of odorous components in the produced bokashi fertilizer.

[0008] In the method for producing the bokashi fertilizer, the enzyme-containing liquid is obtained by diluting the enzyme culture liquid 50 to 500 times, 1 m of said organic matter 3 0.005 to 0.05 ml of the enzyme-containing liquid 3 It can be a spray type.

[0009] This makes it possible to effectively suppress the generation of odorous components in the produced bokashi fertilizer.

[0010] In the method for producing the bokashi fertilizer, the enzyme-containing liquid may have a pH of 4 or less.

[0011] This reduces the amount of ammonia gas generated from the organic matter in the compost fertilizer, thereby suppressing the generation of odorous components.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for producing bokashi fertilizer, the organic matter may be plant-derived organic matter.

[0013] According to this, plant-derived organic matter emits less odor than other organic matter, and the generation of odorous components can be suppressed.

[0014] Here, the method for producing an enzyme culture solution according to the embodiment is characterized in that the enzyme solution, grain vinegar, and molasses are mixed and cultured.

[0015] According to the method for producing an enzyme culture solution according to the embodiment, an enzyme culture solution with an increased enzyme content can be obtained. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the method for producing bokashi fertilizer of the present invention, the fermentation of organic matter is activated by the enzyme-containing liquid, and the decomposition of the organic matter is promoted, thereby suppressing the generation of odorous components in the produced bokashi fertilizer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the concept of an organic matter composting treatment device used in a method for producing boshi fertilizer according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following describes a method for producing a bokashi fertilizer and an enzyme culture solution according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for producing a bokashi fertilizer according to the embodiment involves filling an organic matter containing a mixture of photophilic and thermophilic microorganisms into a sealed chamber 10 that transmits sunlight, irradiating the organic matter with sunlight to ferment it, capturing enzyme-containing gases generated from the organic matter, and spraying an enzyme-containing solution containing an enzyme culture solution in which the enzymes have been cultured onto the organic matter.

[0019] The organic matter is not particularly limited, but can be plant-derived organic matter (inedible parts of agricultural crops such as corn stover and leaves, bean husks, rice husks, and wood pellets). Plant-derived organic matter contains 50 to 60% by mass of moisture.

[0020] Furthermore, photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms refer to a group of microorganisms that are both photophilic and thermophilic. For example, photosynthetic bacteria that are thermophilic can be used. Photosynthetic bacteria include, but are not limited to, purple bacteria, green bacteria, aerobic photosynthetic bacteria, and Heliobacterium. Naturally, thermotolerant yeast that uses light as energy to grow can also be used.

[0021] Here, thermophilic bacteria is a general term for bacteria whose optimum temperature for growth is 50 to 105°C and which hardly grow at temperatures below 30°C. Ordinary bacteria are mesophilic, meaning that their optimum temperature for growth is 25 to 40°C, and they generally have difficulty growing at temperatures above 50°C. Bacteria that can grow at both high and low temperatures are called thermoresistant bacteria (see Yasugi et al., Iwanami Dictionary of Biology, 4th Edition, March 21, 1996, Iwanami, p. 452). However, in this specification, thermophilic bacteria also includes heat-resistant bacteria. This is because the temperature inside the sealed chamber 10 reaches high temperatures during the day, but at night, if the temperature is not regulated, the optimum temperature for bacterial growth may drop to 25 to 40°C.

[0022] Furthermore, in the present invention, it is desirable to include halophilic microorganisms so that there is no risk of salt damage when the compost is applied as fertilizer. Here, "halophilic" refers to "the property of bacteria or fungi that prefer a medium with a salt concentration of 5 to 10 wt% or more," and refers to the presence of a large amount of Na in the bacterial cells. + It is estimated that this reduces salt concentration (see p. 424 of the same article).

[0023] The microorganisms having these photophilic / thermophilic properties are not particularly limited as long as they satisfy these requirements. For example, the "KN bacteria" group manufactured and sold by Kira Shoten Co., Ltd. (23 Uchinoyama, Kira-cho, Nishio-shi, Aichi Prefecture) can be preferably used. This "KN bacteria" is also halophilic.

[0024] The "KN bacteria" group is a series of microorganisms that the inventors have cultivated and stabilized in a factory for over 40 years from seed bacteria (microbial species) collected from various parts of Japan, as described below. 1. Dig a small hole (approximately 10-15cm in diameter and depth) in the roots of a large tree (usually over 100 years old) in the mountains or at shrines throughout Japan, add 50-100cc of sugar and 10-15cc of vinegar, cover with soil and leave for 2-3 days, then collect the seed culture. 2. The above seed culture is brought back to the factory and mixed with cut vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, watermelon, eggplant, etc.) that will serve as a nutrient source, and fermented and cultivated while heating (30-40°C). 3. Once the bacteria have stabilized (approximately one year later), the medium is irradiated with direct sunlight, and only the remaining live bacteria are removed and cultured in the same manner as above for one year. This process is repeated. The period of direct irradiation is gradually increased from one day, to three days, one week, one month, two months, and three months. After about five years of culture, the temperature of the medium is adjusted to 60°C or higher during direct irradiation.

[0025] In this way, the microorganisms that grow are only photophilic and thermophilic. The characteristics of "KN bacteria" are as follows: 1. It reacts mainly to sunlight and is active in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 2. When the moisture content (wet content basis) of plant-derived organic matter is 70 wt% or less (preferably 45-65%) and the temperature is 40-100°C (preferably 50-70°C), it grows in the presence of sunlight and promotes the fermentation and decomposition of plant-derived organic matter. 3. Na in salt + This selectively captures organic matter, reducing the salt concentration (mainly NaCl) in the fermentation residue and residual fermentation water to less than half of that in normal fermentation decomposition. This promotes the fermentation of organic matter, and combined with high-temperature fermentation, the treated material dries quickly. 4. During decomposition and fermentation, the temperature reaches over 70°C, which kills putrefactive bacteria and other harmful bacteria, suppressing the generation of ammonia, methane, ethane, butane, and other gases caused by putrefactive bacteria. 5. It has the function of separating organic matter and inorganic salts.

[0026] To ferment and compost organic matter (plant-derived organic matter), the organic matter is mixed with photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms, and the organic matter mixed with the microorganisms is placed in a sealed chamber 10 that is transparent to sunlight and exposed to sunlight to ferment and compost the organic matter. The mixing ratio of the organic matter to the photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms can be 10 to 50 parts by mass of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms per 1000 parts by mass of organic matter (containing 50 to 60% by mass of water). In another embodiment, the ratio can be 20 to 40 parts by mass of photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms per 1000 parts by mass of organic matter.

[0027] An enzyme-containing liquid, which will be described in detail later, is sprayed onto the organic matter. The enzymes promote the decomposition of the organic matter, and also act as food for the microorganisms, promoting the composting (fermentation) of the organic matter. The enzyme liquid is sprayed onto 1 m of organic matter. 3 0.005~0.05m 3 In another embodiment, the enzyme solution is applied to 1 ml of organic matter. 3 0.008~0.02m 3 It can be a spray type.

[0028] The reason for carrying out composting (fermentation) in a sealed chamber 10 is to prevent odors generated from organic matter (especially during the initial fermentation stage of composting) from being released to the outside. The light energy source for composting (fermentation) is usually sunlight, but ultraviolet lamps can also be used. For example, on cloudy or rainy days or at night, the composting (fermentation) of organic matter can be promoted by using an ultraviolet lamp as an auxiliary source.

[0029] During composting, the organic matter is agitated by blowing air from below the organic matter (the floor wall 13 side of the sealed chamber 10) using a blower 21. The air blown from below flows above the organic matter. During this process, the air is heated by the heat of fermentation of the organic matter and further heated by the energy of sunlight, becoming a high-temperature gas of 60–90°C. This promotes the growth of photophilic and thermophilic microorganisms and inhibits the growth of other bacteria (which die at temperatures above 60°C). The air flow rate can be set to 50–1000 L / min per 1000 kg of organic matter. This allows for efficient agitation of the organic matter and promotes its fermentation and decomposition. Air flow rates below 50 L / min per 1000 kg of organic matter may not sufficiently promote the fermentation of the organic matter. On the other hand, if the flow rate exceeds 1000 L / min, fermentation and decomposition can be promoted, but the air flow rate will be excessive and hardening may reach a plateau.When the temperature of the mixture exceeds 90°C, the introduction of air from air inlet 13a can be stopped to suppress the activity of the microbial population.

[0030] The gas (air) flowing above the organic matter contains moisture and enzymes generated from the organic matter, and the enzyme-containing gas is collected by a collector 41 and liquefied by a liquefier 43 to obtain an enzyme solution. The enzyme solution contains the microbial community of the organic matter mixed with the microbial community of the embodiment.

[0031] The resulting enzyme solution can be cultured to produce an enzyme culture solution. The enzyme culture solution is made by culturing a mixture of enzyme solution, grain vinegar, and molasses (blackstrap molasses) in a ratio of 1:0.5-2:0.5-2, and curing it for one week under anaerobic conditions at 15-25°C, allowing the enzymes to be cultivated by the microorganisms contained in the enzyme solution.

[0032] The enzyme culture solution can be diluted 50 to 500 times (enzyme-containing solution) and sprayed on crops in fields. Crops sprayed with the enzyme-containing solution grow better and are more resistant to disease and less likely to wither. The enzyme-containing solution is sprayed on organic matter mixed with the microorganisms to be fermented and composted. The enzyme-containing solution contains a large amount of hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases). This allows it to decompose alliin contained in the organic matter to produce allicin, which can then be decomposed. Because it can decompose allicin, which is the source of garlic and onion odors, it can suppress odorous components generated from organic matter mixed with the microorganisms to be fermented and composted. The enzyme-containing solution can have a pH of 4 or less. This is because it can suppress the amount of ammonia gas generated from organic matter mixed with the microorganisms to be fermented and composted, thereby suppressing the generation of odorous components. The enzyme-containing solution can be adjusted to a pH of 4 or less by adding grain vinegar.

[0033] By continuing to ferment and decompose the organic matter, the mixture of organic matter sprayed with the enzyme-containing liquid and photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms will have a moisture content of 10-15% in about 20 days, turning into a loose compost fertilizer.

[0034] Bokashi fertilizer is made by fermenting and decomposing organic matter at high temperatures (above 60°C), which makes it difficult for bacteria to multiply, and exposure to sunlight kills putrefactive bacteria and other bacteria. During the fermentation and decomposition of organic matter, photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms break down the odor-causing compounds alliin and allicin, killing putrefactive bacteria and other bacteria, thereby suppressing the generation of putrefactive odors such as ammonia gas, methane gas, ethane gas, and butane gas.

[0035] Next, an organic matter composting treatment device that ferments organic matter to produce compost will be described.

[0036] As shown in Figure 1, the organic matter composting treatment device has a sealed chamber 10 with a rectangular horizontal cross section formed by peripheral walls 11, a ceiling wall 12, and a floor wall 13. The ceiling wall 12 and the upper half 11a of the peripheral wall 11 are made of acrylic plates that are transparent to sunlight. The floor wall 13 is provided with an air inlet 13a through which air is introduced from a blower 21, and the peripheral wall 11 is provided with a sealed entrance / exit (not shown) that can maintain a sealed structure. The peripheral wall 11 is also provided with a thermometer 22 that measures the temperature of the organic matter being fermented. A sprayer 31 is provided on the ceiling side of the sealed chamber 10 to spray an enzyme-containing liquid.

[0037] A cylindrical collector 41 having a narrowed portion 41a at the top is provided above the air inlet 13a, and collector 41 collects enzyme-containing gas generated from organic matter. A pipe 42 is connected above narrowed portion 41a of collector 41, and a liquefier 43 is connected downstream of pipe 42 to cool and liquefy the enzyme-containing gas. The enzyme-containing gas is liquefied in liquefier 43 to become an enzyme liquid and is collected in collection container 44. [Example]

[0038] (organic composting treatment equipment) The organic matter composting treatment device used in the examples has a horizontal cross section of 15 m in the longitudinal direction, 10 m in the lateral direction, and a peripheral wall 11 of 6 m in height. The sealed chamber 10 has a horizontal cross section of 10 m in the longitudinal direction, and 4 m in the lateral direction. By piling up 2.5 m of organic matter, a total volume of 100 m can be achieved. 3 We used a material that can ferment a certain amount of organic matter at once.

[0039] (a mix of organic matter and photophilic / thermophilic microbial communities) This is a process in which organic matter (inedible parts of crops) is mixed with photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. 3 (approximately 1000 kg) was mixed with 40 L (approximately 40 kg) of "KN bacteria" and poured into the sealed chamber 10. This was repeated 100 times.

[0040] (Spraying enzyme-containing liquid) Next, the enzyme-containing liquid is sprayed onto the mixture of organic matter and photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. 3 1000 L (1 m) of enzyme-containing liquid was sprayed into the sealed chamber 10 using a sprayer 31 installed on the ceiling side of the sealed chamber 10. 3 ) was sprayed.

[0041] (Fermentation of organic matter) This is a process in which organic matter is fermented and decomposed by microorganisms. An enzyme-containing solution is sprayed onto the mixture of organic matter and photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. The enzymes promote the decomposition of the organic matter, and the enzymes serve as food for the microorganisms, stimulating the activity of the photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms and accelerating the fermentation and decomposition of the organic matter. The organic matter composting treatment device has a ceiling wall 12 and an upper half 11a of a peripheral wall 11 made of acrylic panels. Therefore, the mixture of organic matter and photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms sprayed with the enzyme-containing solution is exposed to sunlight. Air is introduced into the mixture through an air inlet 13a, and the mixture is stirred. The sunlight stimulates the activity of the photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms and kills bacteria such as putrefactive bacteria. The introduction of air also stimulates the activity of the photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms, promoting the fermentation and decomposition of the organic matter. The air intake volume was 10 m 3 / min (10,000 L / min).

[0042] The enzyme-containing liquid contains a large amount of hydrolytic enzymes, which break down the alliin contained in the organic matter to produce allicin, and further decomposes the allicin, thereby suppressing the odorous components generated from the organic matter mixed with the microorganisms that ferment and compost.In addition, because the enzyme-containing liquid has a pH of 4 or less, it can suppress the amount of ammonia gas generated, further suppressing the odorous components.

[0043] As the fermentation and decomposition of organic matter was promoted, the temperature of the organic matter rose due to the heat of fermentation, and gas containing water and enzymes was produced from the organic matter.

[0044] (Manufacturing bokashi fertilizer from organic matter) By continuing the fermentation and decomposition of organic matter for 20 days, a loose bokashi fertilizer with a moisture content of 12% was obtained from a mixture of organic matter sprayed with an enzyme-containing solution and photophilic / thermophilic microorganisms. The bokashi fertilizer decomposes alliin and allicin produced by the organic matter, suppressing odorous components. Furthermore, the bokashi fertilizer ferments and decomposes the organic matter at high temperatures (over 60°C) and is exposed to sunlight, killing bacteria and other harmful bacteria, suppressing the putrid odors of ammonia, methane, ethane, and butane gases produced by harmful bacteria.

[0045] (Collection of enzyme-containing gases generated from organic matter and production of enzyme-containing liquids) Gas containing moisture and enzymes generated from the organic matter was collected by collector 41 and liquefied by liquefier 43 to become an enzyme liquid, which was collected in collection container 44. The enzyme liquid was made into an enzyme culture solution by curing a mixture of enzyme liquid, grain vinegar, and molasses in a ratio of 1:1:1 in an anaerobic environment in a thermostatic chamber at 20°C for one week. The enzyme culture solution was diluted 100 times to make an enzyme-containing solution. When the enzyme-containing solution was sprayed on crops in the fields, the crops in the fields to which the enzyme-containing solution was sprayed not only grew better, but also became more resistant to disease and less likely to wither. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 10 Closed room 11 Surrounding wall 11a Upper half side 12 Ceiling Wall 13 Floors and walls 13a Air intake 21 Blower 22 Thermometer 31 Spreader 41 Collector 41a Stenosis 42 Piping 43 Liquefier 44 Collection container

Claims

1. A method for producing bokashi fertilizer, comprising filling organic matter containing a mixture of photophilic and thermophilic microorganisms into a sealed chamber through which sunlight passes, irradiating the organic matter with sunlight, and fermenting the organic matter into compost, The sealed chamber is provided with a blower for blowing air onto the organic matter, a collector for collecting gas containing enzymes generated from the organic matter, and a liquefier for liquefying the gas to produce an enzyme liquid; A method for producing bokashi fertilizer is characterized by spraying an enzyme-containing liquid containing an enzyme culture liquid obtained by cultivating the enzyme liquid with grain vinegar and molasses onto the organic matter.

2. The enzyme-containing solution is obtained by diluting the enzyme culture solution 50 to 500 times, 1 m of the organic matter 3 the enzyme-containing liquid is added to the 3 2. The method for producing bokashi fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that it is sprayed.

3. 2. The method for producing a liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the enzyme-containing liquid is 4 or less.

4. 2. The method for producing boko fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter is plant-derived organic matter.

5. A method for producing an enzyme culture solution, comprising mixing the enzyme solution according to claim 1 with vinegar and molasses, and culturing the mixture.

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