Positioning block, optical positioning system and method based on positioning block, and functional module

Abstract

The present invention provides a positioning block, an optical positioning system and method based on the positioning block, and a functional module. The positioning system includes a top horizontal bottom plate, at least one support member with straight positioning sides, and multiple positioning blocks for mounting and positioning optical units, and the bottom plate may further include a movable mounting plate. Vertical positioning is achieved by closely fitting the bottom of the positioning block to the bottom plate or the mounting plate, and horizontal positioning is achieved by closely fitting the side of the positioning block to the positioning sides of the support member. The optical units are mounted on the positioning block at desired positions based on different optical path designs, and the connecting structure ensures that the center points of all optical functional units are located at the same height. The light-emitting units are mechanically adjusted so that their output light is parallel to the side and bottom of the positioning block and the center points of the other optical units are aligned at the same height. Nearly accurate positioning of the optical system is achieved.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an optical technology field, and relates to a system and method for positioning each optical functional unit in an optical path, and more particularly to an optical positioning system and method based on a positioning block and a functional module. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, when constructing an optical system in a laboratory, it is necessary to use a multi-dimensional adjustment frame to adjust the system's optical path. For some complex optical systems, this requires a significant amount of work to construct the optical path. Furthermore, due to the high degree of freedom of the optical path, the system has little reproducibility, and the system must be re-adjusted every time the optical path structure changes, resulting in a significant waste of time and effort. To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a positioning block, an optical positioning system and method using the positioning block, and the positioning block and functional module thereof. This allows for rapid construction and positioning of optical functional units in the optical path, and facilitates reconfiguration. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The positioning block, the optical positioning system and method based on the positioning block, and the functional module of the present invention will be described in detail below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] 1. Positioning block of the present invention

[0005] The positioning block of the present invention includes a bottom surface, an upper surface on which an optical unit can be mounted, and at least one positioning side surface.

[0006] Furthermore, the positioning block has two positioning sides that are perpendicular to each other.

[0007] Furthermore, the positioning block has a block structure (square block structure) and has four positioning side surfaces perpendicular to the base. The horizontal cross section of the positioning block is rectangular, and may be rectangular in size or modular in design. The so-called modular design means that a square with a minimum side length is used as the basic cell, and a rectangle or square with a length or width that is an integer multiple of the minimum side length can be designed. For example, the basic cell may be 1x1, and other blocks in the modular design may be 1x2, 1x3, or 2x2. The block of the present invention may not be a strict hexahedron geometrically, but may have chamfered corners or smooth transitions. Therefore, although it may be expressed as a polygonal prism (for example, if chamfered on all four side surfaces, it becomes an octagonal prism geometrically), as long as it has four mutually perpendicular side surfaces, it corresponds to the block described in the present invention, and its horizontal cross section is considered to be rectangular. In the present invention, a block-structured positioning block may be called a positioning block, or may be abbreviated to a block.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a magnet is embedded in the bottom surface of the positioning block.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a magnet is embedded in the positioning side surface of the positioning block.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the block-structured positioning block is made of a magnetic material, and magnets are embedded on the four positioning side surfaces, with the magnets embedded on the four positioning side surfaces, all positioned to the left or right, avoiding the middle position, and the polarity direction of each magnet embedded is the same.

[0011] 2. Optical positioning system based on the positioning block of the present invention

[0012] The optical system includes a bottom plate with a horizontal upper surface, at least one support member, and a plurality (at least two) of positioning blocks for mounting and positioning optical functional units. The bottom plate serves as a mounting platform for the optical system, i.e., provides a horizontal reference plane for the optical system and initial positioning in the vertical direction (Z direction). The support member and the bottom plate may be integral or divided, and the support member has at least one straight positioning side edge to provide initial horizontal positioning for the positioning block. The bottom surface of the positioning block can be closely attached to the top surface of the bottom plate, and the positioning side of the positioning block can be closely attached to the positioning side edge of the support member, and the top of the positioning block can be used to mount the optical unit. In this invention, the bottom plate and the support member are collectively referred to as a positioning disk.

[0013] When the constructed optical system extends in only one direction (X direction) on a horizontal plane, the present invention simply installs the optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks so that they are parallel to the positioning side surfaces and at the same distance. In this way, when the positioning side surfaces of the different positioning blocks are in close contact with the positioning side edges of the support member, it can be ensured that the optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks are on the same vertical plane. According to the needs of the optical path, the optical axes of the optical units can also be installed so that they are at the same height and parallel to the bottom surface of the positioning block, so that the optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks are on the same horizontal straight line.

[0014] In some optical paths, optical units need to be positioned in two perpendicular directions (X and Y directions) on a plane. In this case, the present invention provides a support member having two mutually perpendicular positioning sides (X and Y directions), which may be a single structure or two mutually perpendicular support members. The positioning block may have two mutually perpendicular positioning side faces, one of which is parallel to the optical axis and the other of which is perpendicular to the optical axis. In this way, when the positioning side faces of different positioning blocks are respectively in close contact with the X-direction positioning side face and the Y-direction positioning side face of the support member, positioning in the X and Y directions can be achieved.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the positioning blocks are used to position the direction of the optical path, and the distance between different positioning blocks is adjusted by sliding the positioning blocks along the support member, thereby changing the distance between the optical units without changing the direction of the optical path.

[0016] In some cases, not only is positioning in the X and Y directions required, but precise distance positioning in these two directions is also required. This need can be met by using positioning blocks with a block structure, which may be referred to as positioning square blocks. The bottom of each positioning square block can be tightly attached to the bottom plate, and the side of the block is perpendicular to the bottom and can be tightly attached to the side of the support member and other blocks. Optical function units can be mounted on the top surfaces of all or some of the blocks, and the horizontal cross section of the block can be rectangular, and the rectangles can be of the same size or modular design. In this way, the positioning sides of the support member provide initial positioning in the X and Y directions, and the positioning blocks extend continuously and tightly to achieve precise distance positioning between the optical units, and the distance is strictly an integer multiple of the side length of the basic block cell.

[0017] If the bottom plate and the support member are inseparable, a movable mounting plate can be added to the bottom plate, and one side edge or at least two vertical side edges of the mounting plate can be attached to the support member, and the bottom surface of the block can be attached to the top surface of the mounting plate.

[0018] 3. Optical system positioning method based on the positioning block of the present invention

[0019] The base plate or mounting plate is the positioning reference in the vertical direction (Z direction), and the support member on the base plate is the positioning reference in the horizontal direction (X direction and / or Y direction). Depending on different optical path designs, different positioning blocks with or without optical units are closely attached to the base plate and support member, and the positioning blocks are closely attached to each other, thereby quickly achieving positioning of the optical path. Depending on whether the planar direction is one-dimensional positioning (single direction) or two-dimensional positioning (vertical X and Y directions) and whether accurate distance positioning is required, the specific methods are as follows:

[0020] When only one-dimensional positioning is required, the positioning side of the positioning block is placed in close contact with the same positioning edge of the support member. The optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks are simply placed parallel to the positioning side and at the same distance. This ensures that the optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks are on the same vertical plane when the positioning side of the positioning block is placed in close contact with the positioning side edge of the support member. Depending on the optical path requirements, the optical axes of the optical units can also be placed at the same height and parallel to the bottom of the positioning block, so that the optical axes of the optical units in different positioning blocks are on the same horizontal line. The distance between the optical units can be roughly adjusted by sliding the positioning block along the support member.

[0021] When two-dimensional positioning is required, i.e., when positioning the optical units in two perpendicular directions (X and Y directions) on a plane, a support member with two mutually perpendicular positioning sides (X and Y directions) is used. The positioning block can have two mutually perpendicular positioning side faces, one of which is parallel to the optical axis and the other of which is perpendicular to the optical axis. Based on the optical path design, different positioning blocks are attached to the corresponding positions of the sides that require positioning in the required direction. In this way, the positioning side faces of the different positioning blocks are attached to the X-direction positioning side face and the Y-direction positioning side face of the support member, respectively, thereby achieving positioning in the X and Y directions. The distance between the optical units can be approximately adjusted by sliding the positioning blocks along the support member.

[0022] When two-dimensional positioning in the X and Y directions is required, as well as precise distance positioning in these two directions, this can be achieved by using positioning square blocks. The bottom of each positioning square block is attached to the bottom plate, and the side of the block is perpendicular to the bottom and attached to the side of the support member and other blocks, and optical function units are mounted on the top surfaces of all or some of the blocks. In this way, the positioning sides of the support member provide initial positioning in the X and Y directions, and the positioning square blocks are continuously attached and extended, achieving precise distance positioning between the optical units, and the distance is strictly an integer multiple of the side length of the basic block cell.

[0023] The optical positioning method of the present invention will be further described using the above-mentioned example requiring two-dimensional and accurate distance positioning. Based on different optical path designs, optical functional units are mounted on blocks at desired positions. The upper-layer optical functional units are connected so that the center points of all functional units are located at the same height. The light-emitting units (e.g., lasers, collimators, etc.) are mechanically adjusted so that the emitted light is parallel to one of the positioning side and bottom surfaces of the positioning block and the center points of the other optical units are aligned with the height of the emitted light. The optical fiber unit is then adjusted so that the position and angle of the light do not change after passing through the unit. The light emitted from one emitting unit can then pass through multiple optical units and smoothly enter the final functional optical unit, such as a collimator or detector. That is, the various optical functional units are designed so that the light emission or incidence positions relative to the top surface of the block are at the same height and horizontally aligned. According to the optical path requirements, multiple blocks carrying optical functional units are placed at corresponding positions in the block array on the bottom plate, thereby achieving nearly accurate positioning of the optical system. Adding fine-tuning structures to the blocks allows for fine-tuning of the optical functional units, further improving the alignment and coupling accuracy of the optical units in different blocks. Typically, using blocks that are all the same size as basic cells can meet the needs. However, using blocks of different sizes with a modular design can more flexibly meet needs and improve positioning efficiency and accuracy. For example, if the bottom of an optical functional unit exceeds the size of the basic cell block, a larger block can be used; if the distance between adjacent optical functional units is large, a block with appropriate specifications can be used. This reduces the number of blocks in the entire optical system, improves positioning speed, and enhances accuracy.

[0024] Such an optical positioning system and method allows blocks, either equipped with optical functional units or not, to be arbitrarily replaced with other blocks, thereby enabling rapid construction and reconfiguration of optical paths.

[0025] To achieve close contact between the block and the support member, the block and the base plate or the mounting plate, and the block and the block, natural close contact can be achieved, but to achieve a more reliable close contact, the following technical solutions can be adopted.

[0026] In one embodiment, the blocks and the bottom plate or the mounting plate, and the blocks themselves, are bonded together with an adhesive to form tight, tight contact.

[0027] In another embodiment, the bottom plate or mounting plate is made of a magnetic material (not a magnet itself, but a material that reacts in some way to a magnetic field; in this invention, this refers to a material that can be attracted to a magnet), and the positioning block is a positioning block with a magnet embedded in its bottom surface, as described above, thereby ensuring a secure adhesion between the positioning block and the bottom plate or mounting plate. Furthermore, when a rectangular positioning block is used, the positioning block is made of the magnetic material and has magnets embedded in its four positioning side surfaces. The magnets are embedded in the four positioning side surfaces, and are positioned uniformly to the left or right, avoiding the middle position, and each magnet is embedded with the same polarity. In this way, when adjacent blocks approach each other, they attract each other and become tightly attached. A magnetic material can also be used for the support member, thereby achieving tight attachment between the block and support member.

[0028] 4. Functional module based on the positioning block of the present invention

[0029] The optical path system thus positioned is fixed with its positioning block facing the base plate or the mounting plate to form a system with a more stable position, i.e., the functional module of the present invention. Based on the more reliable adhesion achieved between the system units and a different method, the functional module formed is as follows:

[0030] Functional module fixed with adhesive: includes a positioning block with or without an optical unit mounted thereon, and a base plate or mounting plate adhesively fixed to the positioning block. If the positioning block is adhesively attached to the base plate and the support member and the base plate are inseparable, the functional module further includes a support member.

[0031] The magnetically attracted functional module includes a positioning block with or without an optical unit mounted thereon, and a base plate or mounting plate magnetically attracted to the positioning block. If the positioning block is attracted to the base plate and the support member and the base plate are inseparable, the functional module further includes a support member.

[0032] In the present invention, the base plate, support member, and block that play a limiting role are made of rigid materials that are easy to process, including, but not limited to, stainless steel, aluminum, ceramic, quartz, single-crystal silicon, etc. These materials are easy to process, ensure surface flatness, have high wear resistance, and are highly stable. They are integrally formed through a specific processing process, thereby reducing processing errors.

[0033] In the present invention, if the block is related to a light-emitting element such as a laser emitting element or an optical fiber collimator, the beam emitted from the block can be made perfectly parallel to the bottom and side of the block by using an adjustment frame or pre-fixing, and if the block is between blocks, as long as the block is in close contact with the bottom and support member, the beam can be smoothly transmitted from one block to another and received by any detector such as a collimator or power meter in another block. The continuous structure of the optical function unit and the pre-adjustment of the optical path can be achieved by various conventional means, and multiple fine adjustment mechanisms can be added to the block as necessary to facilitate further improvement of alignment accuracy and coupling efficiency. [Effects of the Invention]

[0034] As described above, in the present invention, the accurate positioning of each block optical element can be easily and quickly achieved by the tight contact between the block and the support member, and between the blocks. The optical function units in the blocks can be fixed by an adjustment frame or pre-adjustment so that the angle and position of the optical path will not be affected after the optical path passes through this optical element, thereby enabling replacement and reconfiguration between any optical elements.

[0035] The present invention is particularly suitable for education and research. In education, the construction of an optical path may be solely for educational demonstration or student practice, while in research, the construction of an optical path may be solely for an experimental purpose. Under such circumstances, the constructed optical path does not need to be stored for a long period of time and reused multiple times. The present invention provides an optical path construction method that is very low cost, convenient, easy to implement, and can be disassembled and reconfigured at any time. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0036] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of Example 2-1 of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment 2-1 of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of Example 2-2 of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of Example 3-1 of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of Example 3-2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The positioning block, positioning system and method, and functional modules described will be described in the context of a positioning system. Although the optical units in the embodiments are all collimators, this does not mean that the optical units of the present invention are limited to collimators. The present invention can be applied to all optical units that can be positioned using the technical solution of the present invention.

[0038] (Example 1-1)

[0039] 1 and 2, the optical positioning system based on the positioning block includes a positioning disk 1 and two positioning blocks 2. The positioning disk 1 is composed of a bottom plate 11 with a horizontal top surface and a support member 12 with a straight inner side serving as a positioning side. The block 2 has a bottom surface and a positioning side surface, and the top surface carries an optical unit, which in this embodiment is a collimator.

[0040] The positioning method using the positioning system of this embodiment is as follows. The bottom plate 11 of the positioning disk 1 serves as the vertical (height) positioning reference, and the positioning side edge of the support member 12 on the bottom plate 11 serves as the horizontal positioning reference. Vertical positioning is achieved by tightly fitting the bottom surface of the positioning block to the bottom plate 11 and the top surface, and horizontal positioning is achieved by tightly fitting (contacting and adhering) the positioning side edge of the positioning block to the positioning side edge of the support member. Two positioning blocks 2 are mounted with collimators 4 connected to each other. The optical axes of the collimators 4 are parallel to the positioning side edge of the positioning block 2 at a distance H = h (Figure 1), and the optical axis heights of the collimators 4 are set to the same. In this way, the optical axes of the two collimators 4 are positioned on the same horizontal line, which is parallel to the positioning side edge of the bottom plate and the support member. As can be seen from the drawing, the size and cross-sectional shape of the positioning blocks in this embodiment do not need to be identical; what is important is that the optical axes of the optical units are parallel to the positioning side edge of the positioning block and are the same distance from the positioning side edge.

[0041] To ensure close contact and positioning between the positioning block 2 and the bottom plate 11, the bottom plate 11 is made of a magnetic material and has a magnet (not shown) embedded in the bottom surface of the positioning block to attract and fix the positioning block to the bottom plate. The material of the bottom plate 11 is not limited to a magnetic material, and the positioning block 2 and the bottom plate 11 may also be fixed together with an adhesive. After fixing using any of the above methods, the support member can be removed or not removed (if the support member and the bottom plate are inseparable), resulting in a functional module of the present invention.

[0042] (Example 1-2)

[0043] This embodiment does not have any drawings, so please refer to FIG. 5 in embodiment 2-2.

[0044] In this embodiment, the support member and the bottom plate are inseparable. This embodiment differs from Example 1-1 in that a movable mounting plate 3 is added to the bottom plate, and one side of the mounting plate 3 is in close contact with the positioning side edge of the support member 12. The bottom surface of the positioning block 2 is in close contact with the mounting plate 3.

[0045] In this embodiment, the positioning disk 1 is made of a non-magnetic material and the mounting plate 3 is made of a magnetic material, so the block 2 is attracted to the mounting plate 3 and becomes one with it, but not to the positioning disk, which makes it easy to move the mounting plate 3, block 2, and optical function unit together from the positioning disk to form an independent function module.Furthermore, the positioning block 2 and mounting plate 3 may be fixed with an adhesive, and the mounting plate 3, block 2, and optical function unit may be moved together from the positioning disk to form a single independent function module.

[0046] Example 2-1

[0047] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the optical positioning system based on positioning blocks includes a positioning disk 1 and a number of positioning blocks 2. The positioning disk 1 is composed of a bottom plate 11 with a horizontal top surface and support members 12 that are perpendicular to each other and have straight inner surfaces. The planes of the blocks 2 in the figures are squares of the same size, and the size of the planes can also be designed modularly, meaning that the size of the planes is a square with the minimum side length as the basic cell, and a rectangle or square can be designed with a length or width that is an integer multiple of the minimum side length.

[0048] Block 2 is integrally formed using magnetic stainless steel or other magnetic material. Magnets 21 are embedded on each side of block 2. The magnets 21 are all positioned to the left or right, avoiding any intermediate positions, and each magnet 21 has the same polarity (i.e., they all have a north or south pole facing outward).

[0049] The positioning method using the positioning system of this embodiment is as follows. The bottom plate 11 of the positioning disk 1 serves as the vertical (height) positioning reference, and the two side support members 12 on the bottom plate 11 serve as two horizontal positioning references. Vertical positioning is achieved by the close contact between the bottom of the block 1 and the bottom plate 11, and horizontal positioning is achieved by the close contact between the edge of the block 1 and the support member and between the edges of adjacent blocks. Magnets 21 are embedded on each side of the blocks 2, allowing adjacent blocks 2 to be attracted to each other and tightly attached. However, the magnets 21 on the side are not centered but are offset, and the outer magnetic poles of the magnets 22 are the same. Therefore, the blocks are attracted to each other normally and tightly attached only when all the blocks are aligned in the forward direction.

[0050] The bottom plate 11 and the support member 12 may be made of a magnetic solid material, and a magnet (not shown) is embedded in the bottom surface of the block 2. This allows the block 2 to be tightly attached to the bottom plate 11 and the support member 12 by magnetic attraction.

[0051] Based on different optical path designs, upper-level optical functional units are mounted on the block 2 at the desired positions. The upper-level optical functional units are connected so that the center points of all functional units are located at the same height. The light-emitting units (e.g., lasers, collimators, etc.) are mechanically adjusted so that their emitted light is parallel to the side and bottom surfaces of the positioning block and the center points of the other optical units are aligned with the height of the emitted light. The optical fiber units are then adjusted so that the position and angle of the light do not change after passing through the units. The light emitted from one emitting unit passes through multiple optical units, allowing it to smoothly enter the final functional optical unit, such as a collimator or detector, after passing through multiple optical units. The various optical functional units are designed so that their light emission and incidence positions are at the same height and horizontally aligned relative to the top surface of the block. Depending on the optical path requirements, multiple blocks equipped with optical functional units can be placed at corresponding positions in the block array on the bottom plate to achieve nearly accurate positioning of the optical system. The required precision can be achieved by making multiple fine adjustments to the optical functional units (multiple fine adjustment mechanisms can be added to the blocks as needed to facilitate further improvement of alignment accuracy and coupling efficiency).

[0052] In this embodiment, the collimator 4 is used as an example. In the top view of FIG. 3, the collimator optical paths are shown at the top and bottom, and FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 3 with the lower collimator removed. As shown in FIG. 3, there are three blocks 2 at the top, with a pair of coupling collimators 4 attached to the blocks 2 at both ends. The central block 2 does not have an optical function unit but serves to lengthen the optical path. At the bottom, a pair of coupling collimators is fixed to two adjacent blocks 2. As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the blocks 2 are aligned with equal widths and tightly packed together, while the coupling collimators 4 are attached at the same position within the blocks 2, all parallel to and facing the sides of the blocks 2. This allows the coupling collimators 4 to be aligned horizontally. The connection structure also aligns the center points of the coupling collimators 4 in the height (vertical) direction.

[0053] (Example 2-2)

[0054] 5, this embodiment differs from Example 2-1 in that a movable mounting plate 3 is added to the bottom plate, and two perpendicular sides of the mounting plate 3 are in close contact with the support member 12. The bottom surface of the block 2 is in close contact with the mounting plate 3.

[0055] In this embodiment, the positioning disk 1 is made of a non-magnetic material and the mounting plate 3 is made of a magnetic material, so that the block 2 is adsorbed to the mounting plate 3 and becomes one with it, but is not adsorbed to the positioning disk. As a result, it is easy to move the mounting plate 3, block 2, and optical function unit together from the positioning disk to form an independent functional module.

[0056] (Example 3-1)

[0057] This embodiment differs from embodiment 2-1 in that the blocks 2 do not have magnets, as shown in Figure 6. The blocks 2 are bonded together using an adhesive to achieve tight adhesion. The blocks can also be bonded tightly to the support member and bottom plate using an adhesive.

[0058] This embodiment is primarily used in optical paths using ultra-compact optical functional units. Because the required volume of the block 2 is so small, it is difficult to fabricate other structures on it. Of course, this structure can be applied to blocks 2 of various sizes and is not limited to small ones. To facilitate further disassembly and reconfiguration, a dissolvable or soluble adhesive can be used. The advantages of using this structure are as follows: (1) There is more freedom in the selection of materials, and various metal and non-metal materials that are easy to process and difficult to deform, such as aluminum alloys, quartz, single-crystal silicon, and ceramics, can be used. (2) After the adhesive hardens, the bonded blocks can be removed from the positioning disc 1 and assembled into independent small modules. Alternatively, the positioning disc 1, block 2, and optical path can be bonded together as a larger whole to form an independent small module as a whole.

[0059] The mounting and pre-alignment of the optical function unit are the same as in Example 1-1. Similar to Figure 5, Figure 6 also illustrates the coupling collimator 4 as an example, and both are the same as in Example 1-1. Therefore, they will not be described again here.

[0060] (Example 3-2)

[0061] As shown in Fig. 7, this embodiment differs from embodiment 3-1 in that a movable mounting plate 3 is added to the bottom plate, and two perpendicular sides of the mounting plate 3 are in close contact with the support member 12. The bottom surface of the block 2 is in close contact with the mounting plate 3. The blocks 2 and the mounting plate are bonded together with an adhesive. After the adhesive hardens, the mounting plate 3, block 2, and optical function unit are moved together from the positioning disk to form a single independent function module. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 1. Positioning disc, 11. Bottom plate, 12. Support member 2. Positioning block (or positioning square block), 21. Magnet 3.Placement plate 4. Collimator.

Claims

1. A positioning block to be used in an optical positioning system for constructing an optical path, the positioning block including a bottom surface, an upper surface on which an optical unit can be mounted, and at least one positioning side surface; the positioning block has four side surfaces perpendicular to a bottom surface, and a horizontal cross section of the positioning block is rectangular; the positioning side surfaces are two mutually perpendicular positioning side surfaces; The positioning block is made of a magnetic material, and a magnet is embedded in each of the four side surfaces and also in the bottom surface.

2. 2. The positioning block according to claim 1, wherein magnets are embedded on four sides, and are uniformly positioned to the left or right, avoiding intermediate positions, and the polarity direction of each embedded magnet is the same.

3. 1. An optical positioning system for constructing an optical path, comprising: The optical positioning system includes a plurality of positioning blocks according to any one of claims 1 and 2, The optical positioning system further includes a bottom plate having a horizontal upper surface and at least one support member, and the positioning blocks are used for mounting and positioning the optical units, the support member being fixed or not fixed to the bottom plate and having at least one straight positioning side edge, and the positioning side edge of the positioning block can be closely fitted to the positioning side edge of the support member; The optical positioning system based on the positioning block, wherein the material of the bottom plate is a magnetic material, or the bottom plate has a mounting plate, and the material of the mounting plate is a magnetic material.

4. 4. The optical positioning system based on the positioning block of claim 3, wherein the support member has at least two mutually perpendicular positioning sides, and the mutually perpendicular positioning sides are located on the same support member or on different support members.

5. 5. The optical positioning system based on the positioning block of claim 4, wherein the positioning block has a rectangular block structure, the side surfaces of the positioning block are perpendicular to the bottom surface, the side surfaces can be fitted to the positioning sides of the support member or the side surfaces of other positioning blocks, an optical unit can be mounted on the upper surface of all or some of the positioning blocks, the horizontal cross section of the positioning block is rectangular, and the horizontal cross sections of different positioning blocks have the same size or are rectangular with different sizes designed modularly.

6. A method for positioning an optical positioning system for constructing an optical path, comprising: The optical positioning system comprises a positioning block according to any one of claims 1 to 2, Vertical positioning is achieved by bringing the bottom of the positioning block into close contact with the bottom plate or the mounting plate, and horizontal positioning is achieved by bringing the side of the positioning block into close contact with the support member. Optical units are mounted on the positioning block at desired positions based on different optical path designs, and the connection structure ensures that the center points of all optical units are located at the same height. The light-emitting unit, which is one optical unit, is mechanically adjusted so that the emitted light is parallel to the side and bottom of the positioning block, and the center points of the other optical units are aligned with the height of the emitted light. A method for positioning an optical system using a positioning block, characterized in that the positioning blocks and the bottom plate or the mounting plate, and the positioning blocks that are in close contact with each other, are fixed by magnetic attraction.

7. 7. The optical system positioning method using a positioning block according to claim 6, wherein the positioning block has a rectangular block structure, the side surfaces of the positioning block are perpendicular to the bottom surface, the side surfaces can be tightly attached to the positioning sides of the support member or the side surfaces of other positioning blocks, an optical unit can be mounted on the upper surface of all or some of the positioning blocks, the horizontal cross section of the positioning block is rectangular, the horizontal cross sections of the different positioning blocks have the same size or are rectangular with different sizes designed modularly, and horizontal positioning is achieved by the tight attachment of the side surfaces of the positioning block to the support member and the tight attachment between the side surfaces of adjacent positioning blocks.

8. A functional module including the positioning block according to any one of claims 1 to 2, A functional module based on positioning blocks, comprising a bottom plate or mounting plate and a plurality of the positioning blocks on the bottom plate or mounting plate, wherein optical units are mounted on some or all of the positioning blocks, the positioning blocks and the bottom plate or mounting plate are connected by magnetic attraction, and the positioning blocks that are in close contact with each other are connected by magnetic attraction.

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