Decorative sheet, building interior material, and method for manufacturing decorative sheet

Abstract

To provide a decorative sheet which achieves both high incombustible performance and high designability, a building interior material, and a method for manufacturing a decorative sheet.SOLUTION: A decorative sheet is a decorative sheet in which a first vinyl chloride-based resin sheet is laminated on one surface side of a base sheet and a second vinyl chloride-based resin sheet is laminated on the other surface side thereof, wherein the base sheet has a layer composed of a glass fiber, both the first vinyl chloride-based resin sheet and the second vinyl chloride-based resin sheet are colored, a pattern layer is laminated on a surface side opposite to the surface on the base sheet side of the first vinyl chloride-based resin sheet, and a mass of the pattern layer is 1.5 g / m2 or more and 30 g / m2 or less, and a mass of the whole decorative sheet is 450 g / m2 or more 600 g / m2 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a decorative sheet, a building interior material, and a method for manufacturing a decorative sheet. [Background technology]

[0002] Following the widespread damage caused by ceiling collapses in the Great East Japan Earthquake and other disasters, there has been an increasing demand for lightweight membrane ceiling materials as interior ceiling materials. To be used as an interior ceiling material, it is essential that it is lightweight and non-flammable, and in recent years, there has also been a demand for highly decorative designs such as wood grain patterns. Therefore, products using glass fiber or polyvinyl chloride sheets have been proposed to achieve non-flammable properties.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a fire-resistant sheet (for curtain use) in which sheets are bonded to both sides of a glass fiber substrate. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 proposes a glass cloth for use as a membrane ceiling material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 8-132241 [Patent Document 2] WO2014 / 171188 publication Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, Patent Document 1 is intended to be used as a sheet for welding and cutting work to prevent sparks from flying during welding and cutting work, and does not anticipate any design features such as those used for building interiors. Furthermore, the glass cloth in Patent Document 2 contains almost no explanation about the design, meaning that it is not a disclosure that takes design into consideration.

[0006] Furthermore, in order for such membrane ceiling materials to achieve non-combustibility in combustion tests, they must satisfy the following two requirements: A. Heat generation rate 200kW / m 2 Excess time (within 10s) B. Total calorific value: 8MJ / m 2 Within

[0007] In view of the above, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a decorative sheet, a building interior material, and a method for manufacturing a decorative sheet that combines high flame retardancy and high designability. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The decorative sheet of the present disclosure is a decorative sheet in which a first vinyl chloride resin sheet is laminated on one side of a base sheet and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet is laminated on the other side, the base sheet having a layer composed of glass fiber, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet are both colored, a design layer is laminated on the side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet opposite to the side facing the base sheet, and the design layer has a mass of 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 The total mass of the decorative sheet is 450 g / m or less. 2 More than 600g / m 2 The following is the result.

[0009] The decorative sheet may have an overall thickness of 0.3 mm or more and 0.45 mm or less.

[0010] The decorative sheet has a heat generation rate of 200kW / m in the heat generation test conforming to ISO5660-1. 2 The overtime is 10 seconds or less, and the total heat output is 8MJ / m 2 It may be the following:

[0011] In the decorative sheet, the image clarity (image clarity) as defined in JIS K 7374:2007 on the surface of the decorative sheet on the side of the picture layer may be 0.3 or less.

[0012] In the decorative sheet, the surface of the decorative sheet on the side of the picture layer may have an arithmetic mean height Sa, as defined by the surface roughness (ISO 25178), of 10 μm or more.

[0013] In the decorative sheet, the average spectral absorptance at wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less on the surface of the decorative sheet facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet may be 50% or less.

[0014] In the decorative sheet, the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L measured in accordance with JIS Z 8781-4:2013 on the surface of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet side * a * b * L in color space * The value may be 65 or greater.

[0015] In the decorative sheet, the second vinyl chloride resin sheet may contain at least either inorganic particles or metal particles.

[0016] The architectural interior material of the present disclosure is an architectural interior material having the decorative sheet.

[0017] The method for producing a decorative sheet of the present disclosure is a method for producing a decorative sheet having a first vinyl chloride resin sheet, a base sheet, and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet, and includes the steps of preparing a colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet and a colored second vinyl chloride resin sheet, preparing a base sheet having a layer composed of glass fiber, impregnating both sides of the base sheet with an adhesive to form a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer, laminating the first vinyl chloride resin sheet via the first adhesive layer so that one side of the base sheet faces one side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet, laminating the second vinyl chloride resin sheet via the second adhesive layer so that the other side of the base sheet faces the second vinyl chloride resin sheet, and applying a pattern layer of 1.5 g / m to the other side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet. 2 More than 30g / m 2and a pattern layer laminating step for laminating the decorative sheets so that the total mass of the decorative sheets is 450 g / m. 2 More than 600g / m 2 The following is a method for producing a decorative sheet.

[0018] In the above-mentioned method for producing a decorative sheet, the design layer laminating step may be a step that is carried out after the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step.

[0019] In the above-mentioned method for producing a decorative sheet, the design layer laminating step may be a step carried out before the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a decorative sheet, a building interior material, and a method for manufacturing a decorative sheet that combines high fire resistance and high designability. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the layer structure of a decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the layer structure in a modified form of the decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the layer structure of a decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a layer structure illustrating a first manufacturing method of a decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a layer structure illustrating a second manufacturing method of a decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The decorative sheet, the building interior material, and the method for manufacturing the decorative sheet will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, specific numerical values, shapes, materials, etc. are given, but these can be changed as appropriate. In this specification, terms such as plate, sheet, and film are used, but in general usage, these are used in order of thickness: plate, sheet, and film, and this specification follows suit. Plates, sheets, and films may be used to form layers. However, such distinctions have no technical meaning, and the essence of this disclosure and interpretation of the claims will not change even if these terms are appropriately substituted. In this disclosure, the term sheet is used in a broad sense to include thickness forms commonly referred to as plates, sheets, and films.

[0023] Furthermore, the term "surface" refers to a surface that coincides with the planar direction of the target sheet-like member when the target sheet-like member is viewed holistically and from a global perspective. The normal direction used for a sheet-like member refers to the normal direction to the member's surface. As used in this specification, terms that specify the shape and geometric conditions and their degree, such as "parallel" and "orthogonal," as well as length and angle values, are not bound by strict meanings but are interpreted to include a range within which similar functions can be expected. Furthermore, although the terms "front side" and "back side" are used in this specification, the distinction between the front side and the back side has no technical meaning, and when one side of the sheet is referred to as the front side, the other side is referred to as the back side. In the decorative sheet in this specification, the side that is normally observed when using the decorative sheet is referred to as the front side, and the opposite side is referred to as the back side.

[0024] Furthermore, in this specification, when multiple upper limit candidates and multiple lower limit candidates are listed for a certain parameter, the numerical range of the parameter may be constructed by combining any one upper limit candidate with any one lower limit candidate. For example, consider a description that reads, "Parameter B is, for example, A1 or more, or may be A2 or more, or may be A3 or more. Parameter B is, for example, A4 or less, or may be A5 or less, or may be A6 or less." In this case, the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or more and A4 or less, A1 or more and A5 or less, A1 or more and A6 or less, A2 or more and A4 or less, A2 or more and A5 or less, A2 or more and A6 or less, A3 or more and A4 or less, A3 or more and A5 or less, or A3 or more and A6 or less.

[0025] [Decorative sheet] (Embodiment) An embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to FIG. 1. Note that the figures shown below are schematic diagrams, and the size, shape, decoration, etc. of each part are appropriately exaggerated or simplified to facilitate understanding. Furthermore, configurations not directly related to the explanation are appropriately omitted. Note that in the figures below, the same parts are assigned the same reference numerals, and some detailed explanations may be omitted.

[0026] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view illustrating an outline of the layer structure of a decorative sheet 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The decorative sheet 1 is formed by laminating a first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 on one side of a base sheet 10 and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 on the other side via respective adhesive layers (first adhesive layer 31 and second adhesive layer 32), and a pattern layer 22 is laminated on the side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite to the side facing the base sheet 10, and the base sheet 10 has a layer 11 made of glass fiber. In addition, when either of the following forms (1) or (2) is adopted as the film formation form of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, it is possible to directly laminate the base sheet 10 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 without the first adhesive layer 31 and the second adhesive layer 32 (not shown). (1) A film-forming method in which a coating film of a liquid composition such as a solution, sol, or emulsion containing a vinyl chloride resin is applied onto a base sheet 10, and the coating film is then solidified by drying of the diluting solvent, gelation, polymerization, crosslinking, or the like to form a first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, thereby obtaining a laminate in which the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, base sheet 10, and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are laminated in this order. (2) A film production form in which a first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is placed on one side of a base sheet 10, and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is placed on the other side of the base sheet 10, and then these three layers are heated and pressurized from both the one side and the other side, causing the softened or melted first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 in the area near the base sheet 10 side to penetrate into the glass fibers near the surface of the base sheet 10 and entangle the glass fibers with the vinyl chloride resin, thereby obtaining a laminate in which the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, base sheet 10, and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are laminated in this order.

[0027] That is, the decorative sheet 1 according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is composed of, from bottom to top, a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, a second adhesive layer 32, a layer 11 (base sheet 10) made of glass fiber, a first adhesive layer 31, a first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, and a pattern layer 22. As long as the above layering order is not disrupted and the effects of the present disclosure are not significantly impaired, any additional layer may be provided at any position between the above layers. For example, an acrylic layer may be provided between the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the pattern layer 22.

[0028] <Base sheet> Each component of the decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure will be described in detail below. In the decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure, the base sheet 10 has a layer 11 made of glass fiber. The layer 11 made of glass fiber is made of glass fiber in a sheet form such as glass woven fabric or glass nonwoven fabric. Therefore, the base sheet 10 has excellent non-flammable and flame-retardant properties. The thickness is usually between 10 μm and 150 μm, but preferably between 25 μm and 100 μm. An appropriate thickness can be selected taking into account the thickness, strength, mass, etc., of the decorative sheet 1 when formed, and is 50 μm, for example.

[0029] The glass fiber is obtained by melting and drawing glass, preferably alkali-free glass such as quartz glass, into a fibrous form. It is preferable to use glass fibers that have been surface-treated with a silane compound. Examples of silane compounds that can be used as surface treatment agents include coupling agents and polysiloxanes made from their polymers. Specific examples of such silane-based coupling agents include aminosilanes such as γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinylsilanes such as vinyltriethoxysilane, (meth)acrylicsilanes such as γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and epoxysilanes such as γ-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane. Surface treatment of glass fibers can be performed, for example, by applying a solution containing a silane compound to the surface of the glass fiber and drying it. The amount of the silane compound attached is usually about 0.05 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of glass fiber. Here, "(meth)acrylic" means "acrylic or methacrylic." The same applies hereinafter.

[0030] The layer 11 made of glass fibers is preferably a layer having a glass woven fabric. A glass woven fabric is made by weaving warp and weft yarns using bundles of glass fibers as threads. Two or more glass fiber bundles may be ply-twisted together before weaving. It is preferably formed by plain weaving so that the warp yarn density is 20 to 75 yarns / 25 mm and the weft yarn density is 20 to 75 yarns / 25 mm, and an example of a weave density is 32 yarns / 25 mm for both the warp and weft. Glass woven fabric has high flame retardancy, is easily available as a glass fiber sheet, and has superior tensile strength to glass nonwoven fabric.

[0031] The layer 11 made of glass fibers may be a layer containing glass nonwoven fabric. Glass nonwoven fabric is produced, for example, by a wet method in which glass fibers are dispersed in water and paper-formed using a paper machine, and the glass fibers are bound together using a binder such as acrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, or epoxy resin. Glass nonwoven fabric has high flame retardancy, is easily available as a glass fiber sheet, and is cheaper than glass woven fabric.

[0032] <First vinyl chloride resin sheet> In the decorative sheet 1 according to the embodiment, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is colored. If the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 were not colored, the glass fiber layer 11 associated with the base sheet 10 would be visible through the design layer 22 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 from the front side (the side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite the base sheet 10 side), which is the normal observation surface of the decorative sheet 1, thereby reducing the design of the decorative sheet 1. In the present disclosure, the colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 visually conceals the glass fiber layer 11 and complements the apparent color of the design layer 22, thereby improving the design of the decorative sheet 1. Furthermore, the colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 allows the laminated mass of the design layer 22 to be reduced, thereby improving the non-flammability of the decorative sheet 1.

[0033] The first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is preferably a film whose main component is vinyl chloride resin. Such a colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 can be obtained by blending a colorant with vinyl chloride resin powder to prepare a compound, feeding the compound to various processing machines, and processing and molding the compound. This is because vinyl chloride resin has excellent flame retardancy and fire resistance, and its surface hardness and elongation (rigidity) can be easily adjusted by adjusting the amount of plasticizer added. The colorant may be either a pigment or a dye, but pigments are often used, such as iron oxide (Fe2O3) for brown coloring.

[0034] Furthermore, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 according to the present disclosure is preferably soft, specifically having a plasticizer content of 40 parts by mass or more. However, in a manufacturing method in which a pattern layer 22 is first formed on one side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and then the base sheet 10 is laminated on the other side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is preferably semi-rigid, specifically having a plasticizer content of 30 parts by mass or less. This is because if the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is soft, it would be difficult to handle and control the tension of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 when forming the pattern layer 22 on the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 before lamination.

[0035] The thickness of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is usually 25 μm or more and 300 μm or less, but preferably 100 μm or more and 200 μm or less. An appropriate thickness can be selected taking into consideration the applicability for printing, the mass, thickness, flexibility, etc. when formed into the decorative sheet 1, and is 150 μm as an example.

[0036] <Second vinyl chloride resin sheet> The second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is laminated to the surface (other surface) of the base sheet 10 opposite to the surface (one surface) on which the pattern layer 22 is laminated. The second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is a film whose main component is vinyl chloride resin, and is preferably colored. When light is introduced into the decorative sheet 1 from the surface on which the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is located, it may also be observed from the surface on which the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is located. Therefore, if the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is colored, it is preferable that the layer 11 made of glass fiber be visually concealed.

[0037] Such a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 can be obtained by blending a colorant with vinyl chloride resin powder to prepare a compound, feeding the compound into various processing machines, and processing and molding it. The colorant can be either a pigment or a dye, but pigments are often used. For white coloring, titanium oxide, silica as an extender pigment, or both are used. As with these, whitening with inorganic pigments increases ultraviolet reflectance, improving durability. For brown coloring, iron oxide (Fe2O3), for example, is used. The thickness of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is usually 25 μm or more and 300 μm or less, but preferably 100 μm or more and 200 μm or less. An appropriate thickness can be selected taking into account the mass, flexibility, etc., of the decorative sheet 1 formed therefrom, and an example thickness is 150 μm.

[0038] The vinyl chloride resin that is the main component of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is a general term meaning any of the following forms of resin. (1) A homopolymer of vinyl chloride monomer, i.e., polyvinyl chloride in the narrow sense. (2) Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. (3) Vinyl chloride copolymers obtained by copolymerizing vinyl chloride monomer with other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride monomer, where the other monomers include, for example, vinyl acetate, ethylene, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, etc. (4) A mixture of two or three of the polyvinyl chloride of (1), the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride of (2), and the vinyl chloride copolymer of (3). (5) A mixture obtained by further mixing one or more of the polyvinyl chloride of (1), the chlorinated polyvinyl chloride of (2), and the vinyl chloride copolymer of (3), or the mixture of (4), with other resins, such as acrylic resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, and styrene-butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.

[0039] Various additives may be added to the vinyl chloride resins listed in (1) to (5) above, as needed, such as plasticizers, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers (radical scavengers, etc.), ultraviolet absorbers (UVA), surfactants, colorants, fillers, and antistatic agents. Among these additives, examples of plasticizers include phthalate ester-based plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate (abbreviated as DOP), and diisononyl phthalate (abbreviated as DINP); adipate ester-based plasticizers such as dioctyl adipate and diisononyl adipate; phosphate ester-based plasticizers such as triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate; and trimellitate ester-based plasticizers such as tri-2-ethylhexyl trimellitate (abbreviated as TOTM) and tri-n-octyl trimellitate. Examples of organic ultraviolet absorbers include benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorbers such as 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole; benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers such as 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone and bis(2-methoxy-4-hydroxy-5-benzoylphenyl)methane; and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers such as hydroxyphenyltriazine-based ultraviolet absorbers such as 2-(2-hydroxy-4-[1-octyloxycarbonylethoxy]phenyl)-4,6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 2-[4-[(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine. Examples of inorganic ultraviolet absorbers include metal oxide particles such as titanium oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, and iron oxide, each having an average particle size of 200 nm or less. On the other hand, examples of light stabilizers include hindered amine radical scavengers, specifically bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate and tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate. As the ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer, a reactive ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer having a polymerizable group such as a (meth)acryloyl group in the molecule can also be used.

[0040] The second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 preferably has low infrared (heat ray) absorptance. Specifically, the decorative sheet 1 preferably has an average spectral absorptance of 50% or less for wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less on the surface facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12. The second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 can have a low infrared absorptance by increasing its infrared reflectance. In a preferred embodiment of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, which has a low infrared absorption rate, heating of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 due to absorption of heat rays, mainly infrared rays, can be suppressed. Therefore, the decorative sheet 1 as a whole can also be suppressed from heating due to absorption of heat rays from its back surface (the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 side). An example of a case in which heat rays are irradiated to the back surface of the decorative sheet 1 is when sunlight is irradiated from a skylight or a vent window near the ceiling when the decorative sheet 1 is installed near the ceiling as a membrane ceiling material as one form of interior material for a building. In this preferred embodiment, heating of the decorative sheet 1 can be suppressed, thereby suppressing thermal deterioration of the picture layer 22, which can cause the picture layer 22 to peel or fall off from the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 due to this deterioration, and the resulting deterioration of the design. In other words, deterioration of the design of the decorative sheet 1 over time can be suppressed.

[0041] In order to increase the infrared reflectance of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 as described above, it is preferable that the surface of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 opposite to the surface on the side of the layer 11 made of glass fiber has an appearance close to a whitish color with high brightness. In other words, the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L color measured in accordance with JIS Z 8781-4:2013 on the surface on the side opposite to the surface on the side of the layer 11 made of glass fiber is * a * b * L in color space * A value of 65 or greater is preferred. In this way, the appearance is close to white, that is, L * By setting the value to 65 or more, the infrared reflectance can be increased, making it easier to set the average spectral absorptance of the decorative sheet 1 on the surface facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 at wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less to 50% or less.

[0042] Examples of white pigments for imparting a whitish appearance to the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 include aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide-coated mica, zinc oxide (zinc oxide), white lead (basic lead carbonate), white antimony (antimony trioxide), zinc sulfide, barium sulfate, and calcium carbonate; inorganic particles such as silica as extender pigments; and metal particles made of aluminum, silver, tin, nickel, indium, or the like. The metal particles may have an oxide on the surface or near the surface. These white pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0043] Alternatively, the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 may be formed by printing, applying, coating, or the like with a white ink containing a white pigment and a binder resin on the surface of the vinyl chloride resin sheet that will become the back side of the vinyl chloride resin sheet when used as the decorative sheet 1. In this case, the vinyl chloride resin sheet and the white ink laminated thereon can be collectively referred to as the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12. Examples of white pigments include titanium dioxide, which is exemplified above as the white pigment to be blended in the colorant-blended compound. These white pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The binder resin is the same as the binder resin exemplified in the description of the design layer described later. The binder resin for the white ink provided on the vinyl chloride resin sheet is preferably a vinyl chloride resin such as a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer from the viewpoint of adhesion to the vinyl chloride resin sheet to be laminated.

[0044] Whether a colorant is blended into the vinyl chloride resin powder or a white ink is printed, among the inorganic particles or metal particles exemplified above as white pigments, aluminum oxide or metallic aluminum with only the surface oxidized is preferred from the viewpoint of spectral absorptance. Aluminum-containing metal particles are inexpensive and easily available compared to, for example, titanium dioxide, and have the advantages of not having photocatalytic activity that deteriorates resins, being chemically stable and having excellent chemical resistance, high hardness, and high heat resistance. In most cases, the surface of titanium dioxide is treated with aluminum oxide (alumina) to improve chemical stability (photocatalytic activity), weather resistance, dispersibility, etc. Compared to titanium dioxide, alumina is chemically stable, has excellent chemical resistance, and is characterized by high hardness and heat resistance. Although the appearance has been described as being close to white, if the pigment is aluminum oxide, it can also be described as an alumina color, a metallic color, light gray, or light gray. In this way, colors that are slightly different from white are also described as white. * A value of 65 or higher is considered white. As described above, the whitened materials using pigments of the specific inorganic particles or metal particles listed above have increased reflectance to not only heat rays but also ultraviolet rays, thereby improving durability.

[0045] <Picture layer> The design layer 22 according to the embodiment is provided on the surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite to the surface on the base sheet 10 side. The picture layer 22 of the decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure preferably has an image clarity (particularly for reflected light, this is sometimes called "image clarity," and therefore will be referred to as "image clarity (image clarity)") of 0.3 or less on its surface as defined in JIS K 7374:2007. In this case, it is preferable that the arithmetic mean height Sa, as defined in the surface roughness (ISO 25178) on the surface of the picture layer 22, is 10 μm or more. The reasons for this will be described later.

[0046] The pattern of the pattern layer 22 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood grain patterns, stone patterns, fabric patterns, leather patterns, geometric patterns, letters, symbols, line drawings, various abstract patterns, solid monochrome patterns, monochrome gradations, etc. The pattern layer 22 is formed by forming a layer of a resin composition (i.e., ink) containing a colorant into the desired pattern by various printing methods such as plate printing, such as gravure printing, (lithographic) offset printing, flexographic printing, and silk screen printing, or plateless printing, such as inkjet printing, electrophotographic or electrostatic printing, and transfer printing, or by hand-drawing, or by forming a thin film of a metal such as gold, silver, copper, or aluminum into the desired pattern by vacuum deposition, sputtering, plating, or the like.

[0047] The design layer 22 is preferably a layer formed using ink containing an ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin. A typical example of this is when the design layer 22 is formed by inkjet printing. As will be described later, forming the design layer 22 by inkjet printing is suitable for keeping the image clarity on both surfaces of the design layer 22 of the decorative sheet 1 low (0.3 or less). The design layer 22 preferably includes a design layer and a protective layer, and the design layer 22 is preferably a layer in which the protective layer is provided on a design layer formed with an ink containing an acrylic resin. A typical preferred example is when the design layer 22 is formed by gravure printing.

[0048] First, we will explain a preferred example in which the design layer 22 is formed using ink containing a UV-curable acrylic resin, typically an example in which the design layer 22 is formed by inkjet printing. In this case, the following advantages can be obtained: The UV light source mounted in the print head allows the ink to be instantly cured after ejection, making it possible to apply thick ink and express a wide range of colors. Furthermore, since no heat is required during curing (drying), there is less damage to the printed material due to heat, and the curing (drying) time is short. Furthermore, while solvent-based inks generally have a high gloss, UV-curable inks can be adjusted to suit the user's preference, from a low gloss preferred for membrane ceiling applications to a high gloss similar to that of solvent-based inks. As mentioned above, inkjet printing can produce decorative sheets with high design quality through multicolor and high-resolution printing. Furthermore, since there is no need to create a printing cylinder, setup time is short and printing with high mobility is possible, making it suitable for small-lot production of many different products or for replacing only damaged areas.

[0049] The ink containing the ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin used when printing and forming the design layer 22 by inkjet printing is generally of the photopolymerization type, and its main components include a photopolymerizable oligomer, a photopolymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a coloring material made of an organic or inorganic pigment. Other components that may be added as needed include a sensitizer to promote the initiation reaction of the photopolymerization initiator, a dispersant, a heat stabilizer, an antioxidant, a preservative, an antifoaming agent, a penetrating agent, a flame retardant, and the like. The design layer 22 preferably contains as pigments Pigment Yellow 150 and Pigment Red 122. This is because they have excellent weather resistance and color development, and can be suitably used for printing wood grain designs.

[0050] In such UV-curable inks, radicals are generated from the photopolymerization initiator upon exposure to UV light, which attacks and activates reactive monomers and oligomers. The activated reactive monomers and oligomers then react with each other to form polymers, which then fix them to the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 (or the acrylic layer 25, described below). This ensures reliable fixation even to the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 (or the acrylic layer 25), which does not easily absorb moisture. This makes it possible to print on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) in addition to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The resin used is preferably an acrylic resin. As the photopolymerizable monomer containing an acrylic resin, a monofunctional acrylate or a bifunctional acrylate is preferably used. This is because the inclusion of an acrylic resin in the design layer 22 increases the affinity between the design layer 22 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 (or the acrylic layer 25) containing a vinyl chloride resin, thereby improving the adhesion between the two.

[0051] Examples of monofunctional acrylates include caprolactone acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, isomyristyl acrylate, isostearyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl-diglycol diacrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 2-acryloyloxyethylhexahydrophthalic acid, neopentyl glycol acrylic acid benzoate, isoamyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, ethoxy-diethylene glycol acrylate, methoxy-triethylene glycol acrylate, methoxy-polyethylene glycol Examples of the acrylates include methyl acrylate, ...

[0052] Examples of bifunctional acrylates include hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol diacrylate, alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate, polytetramethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane acrylic acid benzoate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol (200) diacrylate, polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate, polyethylene glycol (600) diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, dimethylol-tricyclodecane diacrylate, bisphenol A diacrylate, and dipropylene glycol acrylate.

[0053] Examples of the photopolymerizable oligomer include urethane acrylate, polyester acrylate, epoxy acrylate, silicon acrylate, polybutadiene acrylate, etc., and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0054] As the initiator, a phosphorus-based photopolymerization initiator is preferably used, but other initiators such as benzoin and benzophenone can also be used. As the reactive diluent, it is preferable to use an ultraviolet-curable urethane acrylate. In addition, polymeric inks can be suitably applied to printed materials made of plastic materials such as the acrylic layer 25 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, as well as other organic polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

[0055] The mass of the design layer 22 printed with ink containing ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m2 It is preferable that the density is 1.5 g / m or less. 2 If the density is less than 30 g / m, only a light design can be expressed, which may limit the design, and the design may be impaired by being strongly influenced by the color of the colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21. 2 If the weight of the pattern layer exceeds 1.5g / m, the organic content increases, which may impair the flame retardancy, and the color may become too dark and approach black, making it difficult to achieve rich designs. 2 More than 30g / m 2 By satisfying the following, the decorative sheet 1 can have a high design quality. The thickness of the design layer 22, which is preferably provided by inkjet printing, is usually 1 μm or more and 49 μm or less, and preferably 2 μm or more and 25 μm or less.

[0056] Next, we will explain a preferred example in which the picture layer 22 includes a picture layer and a protective layer, and the picture layer 22 is a layer in which a protective layer is provided on a picture layer provided with ink containing an acrylic resin, typically an example in which the picture layer 22 is provided by gravure printing. The ink for the design layer 22 can be obtained by dissolving (or dispersing) a known colorant (dye or pigment) together with a resin, i.e., a binder resin, in a solvent (or dispersion medium). Examples of colorants include inorganic pigments, organic pigments, metallic powder pigments, pearlescent pigments, fluorescent pigments, and luminescent pigments. Examples of inorganic pigments include carbon black, black iron oxide, titanium dioxide, zinc white, red iron oxide, iron blue, yellow lead, and cadmium red. Examples of organic pigments include azomethine azo black pigments, perylene black pigments, chromatic azo pigments of various hues, lake pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, isoindolinone pigments, nickel-azo complexes, and dioxazine pigments. Examples of metallic powder pigments include flaky flakes such as aluminum powder and bronze powder. Examples of pearlescent pigments include flaky flakes such as titanium oxide-coated mica and bismuth oxide chloride. These colorants may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds, or may be used together with a filler such as silica, an extender pigment such as organic beads, a neutralizing agent, a surfactant, or the like.

[0057] Resins (binder resins) used in the design layer 22 include various polyester resins, vinyl chloride resins such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid copolymer, polymethyl(meth)acrylate, polybutyl(meth)acrylate, methyl(meth)acrylate-butyl(meth)acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl(meth)acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl(meth)acrylate-2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate copolymer, acrylic resins such as acrylic monomers, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, and isobornyl acrylate, two-component curing urethane resins containing a polyol compound as the base and an isocyanate compound as the curing agent, and chlorinated polypropylene. The above resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The resins are preferably added with a crosslinking agent, a polymerization initiator such as a phosphorus-based photopolymerization initiator, a reactive diluent such as an ultraviolet-curable urethane acrylate, or a polymerization accelerator to improve film strength and durability. Among the resins, acrylic resins or mixtures of acrylic resins with vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers are preferred. In the case of mixtures of acrylic resins and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, the mass ratio of the mixture (mass of acrylic resin) to (mass of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer) is preferably in the range of 2 / 8 to 8 / 2, from the viewpoints of printability and adhesion of the design layer 22 to the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, as well as durability such as weather resistance and scratch resistance.

[0058] The protective layer included in the pattern layer 22 is provided on the pattern layer to protect the pattern layer. By providing the protective layer, it is possible to adjust the gloss and also to improve the flame resistance, stain resistance, weather resistance, blocking resistance, etc. The protective layer can be provided by laminating a resin-containing layer, applying a coating film, or a combination of laminating a resin-containing layer and applying a coating film. Among these, forming the protective layer in the final unit after forming the design layer in a gravure printing machine that forms the design layer is preferred for better production efficiency.

[0059] Examples of the resin contained in the protective layer include silicone resin, organic resin-modified silicone resin, fluororesin, aminoalkyd resin, melamine resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, etc. These resins can be any of aqueous, emulsion, solvent, and solventless types. Common materials for protection include, for example, olefin-based resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate-butyl methacrylate copolymers; vinyl chloride-based resins such as polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymers; polyester-based resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, ethylene glycol-terephthalic acid-isophthalic acid copolymer, and polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers; styrene-based resins such as polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS); rubbers such as polyisoprene, natural rubber, ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), and chloroprene rubber; urethane-based resins; cellulose-based resins; polycarbonate-based resins; and polyamide-based resins. Resins other than those listed above may also be used. The thickness of the protective layer may be appropriately selected depending on the application, required performance, etc., but is usually 0.5 μm or more and 100 μm or less.

[0060] In the case of coating a coating film, for example, a suitable material can be selected from known thermosetting resins (one-component or two-component curing types) such as thermosetting urethane resins, thermosetting polyester resins, epoxy resins, and melamine resins; known ionizing radiation curable resins such as acrylate esters, epoxy resins, and unsaturated polyesters that crosslink or polymerize upon exposure to ionizing radiation such as ultraviolet light or electron beams; water-based acrylic resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, chlorinated polypropylene resins, and chlorinated polyethylene resins. The thickness of the coating film can usually be from 0.5 μm to 10 μm (film thickness after curing).

[0061] In the example where the design layer 22 includes a design layer and a protective layer, and the design layer 22 is a layer in which the protective layer is provided on a design layer provided with an ink containing an acrylic resin, the mass of the design layer 22 is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 It is preferable that: 1.5g / m 2 If the thickness is less than 30 g / m, only a light design can be expressed, which may limit the design, and the design may be impaired by being strongly influenced by the color of the colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21. Furthermore, if the protective layer is insufficient, the functions related to the protective layer, i.e., improvement of non-flammability, stain resistance, weather resistance, blocking resistance, etc., and gloss adjustment may be insufficient. 2 If the weight of the pattern layer exceeds 1.5g / m, it is difficult to print using gravure printing. Even if printing is possible, there is a concern that the non-flammable performance will be impaired due to the increase in organic content, and the color will become too dark and approach black, making it difficult to express a rich design. 2 More than 30g / m 2 By satisfying the following, the decorative sheet 1 can have a high design quality. The thickness of the design layer 22, which is preferably provided by gravure printing, is usually 0.5 μm or more and 49 μm or less, and preferably 2 μm or more and 25 μm or less.

[0062] <Second adhesive layer> The second adhesive layer 32 is a layer provided between the base sheet 10 having the glass fiber layer 11 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 to bond them together. The second adhesive layer 32 contains an adhesive, and examples of its composition include vinyl chloride resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyolefin copolymer resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, and polyethylene resin, with vinyl chloride resin being preferred. The second adhesive layer 32 is preferably formed by laminating the glass fiber layer 11 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 via the second adhesive layer 32 by thermocompression bonding.

[0063] Furthermore, the second adhesive layer 32 is not an essential component in the present disclosure. For example, if the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is formed by coating a liquid composition of a colored vinyl chloride resin on the surface of the base sheet 10 opposite to the surface on which the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is laminated and then solidifying the liquid composition, the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is formed directly on the base sheet 10 without the second adhesive layer 32. In this case, the solidified layer of the liquid composition can also be considered to serve as both the second adhesive layer 32 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12. Furthermore, when a second adhesive layer 32 containing a colored vinyl chloride resin composition of the same color as the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is coated, and then a separately formed second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 and the second adhesive layer 32 are laminated by thermocompression, it may be that even though both the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 and the second adhesive layer 32 are present in the decorative sheet 1, the two layers (12 and 32) cannot be distinguished as different layers.

[0064] <First adhesive layer> In the decorative sheet 1 according to the first embodiment, the first adhesive layer 31 is a layer provided between the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the base sheet 10 having the glass fiber layer 11 for bonding them together. The first adhesive layer 31 contains an adhesive, the composition of which is the same as that of the second adhesive layer 32. Examples of the adhesive include vinyl chloride resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, polyolefin copolymer resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, polyester resin, and polyethylene resin, with vinyl chloride resin being preferred. The first adhesive layer 31 is preferably formed by laminating the base sheet 10 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 via the first adhesive layer 31 by thermocompression bonding. As with the above description of the second adhesive layer 32, the first adhesive layer 31 may also be in a form in which the solidified layer of the liquid composition can be considered to have both the first adhesive layer 31 and the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, or in which, despite the presence of both the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the first adhesive layer 31, the two layers (21 and 31) cannot be distinguished as different layers.

[0065] <Acrylic layer> As described above, the decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure may have an acrylic layer 25 between the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the pattern layer 22. As described above, in one preferred example, the pattern layer 22 is printed by inkjet printing using ink containing an ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin. In another preferred example described above, the pattern layer 22 is formed by gravure printing using ink containing an acrylic resin, with a protective layer provided on top of the pattern layer. In all of the preferred embodiments described above, the ink containing an acrylic resin is printed on the side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite the base sheet 10. Therefore, it is preferable to provide an acrylic layer 25 on one side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and then print ink containing an acrylic resin on the acrylic layer 25, as this can improve adhesion between the acrylic layer 25 and the pattern layer 22. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the acrylic layer 25 is provided between the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the design layer 22.

[0066] The acrylic layer 25 is a layer containing an acrylic resin and a vinyl chloride resin, and is usually formed by printing or coating, preferably by gravure printing. Examples of acrylic resins include acrylic resins obtained by polymerizing acrylic acid (including methacrylic acid) and its derivatives such as acrylamide and acrylonitrile as the main component, and copolymer resins with other monomers such as other acrylic acid esters, ethylene, and styrene. Specific examples include homopolymers or copolymers containing (meth)acrylic acid esters such as polymethyl(meth)acrylate, polyethyl(meth)acrylate, polybutyl(meth)acrylate, methyl(meth)acrylate-butyl(meth)acrylate copolymer, ethylene-methyl(meth)acrylate copolymer, and styrene-methyl(meth)acrylate copolymer. Note that (meth)acrylic means acrylic and methacrylic.

[0067] Furthermore, the thickness of the acrylic layer 25 is preferably 1 μm or more and 5 μm or less. If the thickness is less than 1 μm, it will be difficult to uniformly apply and form the acrylic layer 25 by gravure printing, and if the thickness is more than 5 μm, the flexibility of the decorative sheet 1 will be lost.

[0068] If the decorative sheet 1 has an acrylic layer 25, the adhesion between the ink containing the acrylic resin for the pattern layer 22 and the acrylic layer 25, which also contains an acrylic resin and a vinyl chloride resin, can be improved, thereby improving the durability and reliability of the decorative sheet 1. The reason why it is preferable to form the acrylic layer 25 by gravure printing is that the acrylic layer 25 has a solid pattern and is a general-purpose layer that is common to all patterns associated with the pattern layer 22, allowing for the sharing of the printing cylinder. In other words, once a printing cylinder is produced, it can be used for all product types as long as the printing width is the same, so the production load of the printing cylinder is not high. Furthermore, as long as the printing width is the same, different product types can be printed at once and stored, so the process load is not particularly high. Furthermore, since only one unit is used in a gravure printing press, even if the printing cylinder needs to be replaced when switching product types, the load is not particularly high. In other words, gravure printing is well suited to forming the acrylic layer 25.

[0069] <Image clarity> When glossy films are used as membrane ceiling materials in commercial facilities, etc., external light such as lighting and sunlight, and wall advertisements are excessively reflected on the decorative sheet, creating an unsettling and uncomfortable space, and such reflections also reduce the visibility of the design appearance of the picture layer.

[0070] Image clarity (image clarity) is known as an evaluation value for reflection. Here, image clarity and image clarity are treated as synonyms. Image clarity for plastics is specified in JIS K 7374:2007. There, image clarity for plastics is defined as the degree to which an image of an object seen through the plastic or reflected on the surface of the plastic appears clear and distortion-free. In the decorative sheet 1 according to the present disclosure, it is used as an evaluation value for the image of an object seen reflected on the surface. In JIS K 7374:2007, image clarity is measured and calculated by moving an optical comb perpendicular to the ray axis of the light reflected from the test piece, and determining the amount of light (M) when the transmitted part of the comb is on the ray axis and the amount of light (m) when the light-shielding part of the comb is on the ray axis. It is specified as the ratio (%) of the difference (Mm) between the two (M+m) and the sum (M+m). According to the above definition, the clearer the reflected image, the larger the value (maximum value 100), and the less clear the reflected image, the smaller the value (minimum value 0).

[0071] In the decorative sheet 1 according to the present disclosure, the image of an object reflected on the surface of the decorative sheet 1 facing the picture layer 22 is unclear. Expressed in terms of image clarity, the image clarity (image clarity) as defined in JIS K 7374:2007 on the surface of the decorative sheet 1 facing the picture layer 22 is 0.3 or less. By keeping the image clarity at 0.3 or less, lighting, external light, wall advertisements, etc. are not excessively reflected on the membrane ceiling material, and low image clarity (reflection) can be achieved.

[0072] One way to reduce the image clarity on the surface of the design layer 22 is to increase the surface roughness of the design layer 22. To achieve an image clarity of 0.3 or less, the arithmetic mean height Sa, as defined in the surface roughness (ISO 25178) of the surface of the design layer 22, is preferably 10 μm or more. If the arithmetic mean height Sa is 10 μm or more, it is easy to achieve an image clarity of 0.3 or less. If the arithmetic mean height Sa is less than 10 μm, it is difficult to achieve an image clarity of 0.3 or less.

[0073] Physical processing such as embossing and sandblasting can be considered as methods for making the arithmetic mean height Sa 10 μm or more, that is, for increasing the surface irregularities of the design layer 22. While these methods can be used to increase the surface irregularities on the design layer 22 side of the decorative sheet 1, doing so poses the problem of increased process load associated with processing such as embossing and sandblasting. It would be extremely advantageous if the surface irregularities of the design layer 22 could be increased without increasing the process load.

[0074] Various coating and lamination methods can be applied as a method for laminating and forming the pattern layer 22. For example, if the ink for the pattern layer 22 is applied discretely using an inkjet printing method, the film thickness is large, and the applied ink hardens (dries) before it wets and spreads by leveling, the surface unevenness can be increased simply by laminating and forming the pattern layer 22, without going through any other steps to increase the unevenness of the surface of the pattern layer 22.

[0075] For this reason, it is preferable that the thickness of the design layer 22 is 5 μm or more. This is because when the thickness of the design layer 22 is large, that is, when the amount of ink in the design layer 22 is large, it is easy to make the unevenness of the surface of the design layer 22 due to the presence or absence or density of halftone dots (ink) large. When the thickness of the design layer 22 is less than 5 μm, it is difficult to make the unevenness of the surface of the design layer 22 large. Furthermore, even if the thickness of the pattern layer 22, i.e., the ink, is simply made 5 μm or more, if the pattern layer 22 is a continuous film with a constant thickness throughout in the in-plane direction perpendicular to the thickness direction (the XY plane in the coordinate system noted in Figure 3 or an in-plane direction parallel to it), the degree of light diffusion (especially diffuse reflection) on the surface of the pattern layer will be low, making it difficult to achieve an image clarity of 0.3 or less.

[0076] Therefore, as shown in the enlarged view of Figure 3, the picture layer 22 (ink layer) is composed of two types of regions: regions where the film thickness of the picture layer 22 is 5 μm or more, i.e., halftone dots 22H formed by the ink layer, and regions where the film thickness of the picture layer 22 is 0 μm or close to 0 μm, i.e., blank regions 22L between the halftone dots. When we say that the film thickness of the picture layer 22 is 5 μm, we mean that the average film thickness of the halftone dots 22H in the picture layer is 5 μm. Note that while the enlarged view of Figure 3 shows the halftone dots 22H as rectangles, this is merely a conceptual diagram. If the ink layer were formed by inkjet printing, the halftone dots 22H would have a mountain-shaped cross section because they are formed by the impact of ink droplets. 3, for the sake of simplicity, the picture layer 22 is shown as if it were a continuous body of uniform thickness throughout, but in reality, the picture layer 22 is composed of an aggregate of two types of regions: halftone dots 22H and blank regions 22L between the halftone dots. The arithmetic mean height Sa is an index for evaluating the degree of unevenness on the surface of the picture layer 22 caused by the coexistence of these two regions 22H and 22L of different thicknesses.

[0077] As mentioned above, from the viewpoint of image clarity (image clarity) in the decorative sheet 1, it is preferable that the design layer 22 be provided by inkjet printing. This is because inkjet printing can produce greater unevenness on the surface of the design layer 22 due to the presence or absence of ink droplets landing or the density of the ink droplets compared to other printing methods.

[0078] As mentioned above, the decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure preferably has an image clarity (image clarity) of 0.3 or less as defined in JIS K 7374:2007 on the surface facing the picture layer 22. In this preferred embodiment, the image of an object reflected on the surface facing the picture layer 22 becomes unclear, which can significantly reduce the above-mentioned problem of the reflection creating an unsettling, uncomfortable space. In this preferred embodiment, by using the inkjet printing method, the arithmetic mean height Sa, as defined by the surface roughness (ISO 25178) on the surface of the pattern layer 22, can be easily made 10 μm or more without undergoing additional processes such as embossing or sandblasting, and therefore the image clarity can be easily made 0.3 or less.

[0079] <Average spectral absorptance> In a preferred embodiment of the decorative sheet 1, the average spectral absorptance at wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less on the surface on the side of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is 50% or less. Average spectral absorptance (%) = 100 (%) - average spectral transmittance (%) - average spectral reflectance (%) Define it as:

[0080] Here, the average spectral transmittance (%) for wavelengths of 780 nm to 2500 nm inclusive is calculated by measuring the spectral transmittance (%) for each wavelength (i.e., 780 nm, 781 nm, 2499 nm, 2500 nm) while changing the wavelength in 1 nm increments from 780 nm to 2500 nm, and then dividing the sum of the 1,721 measured spectral transmittances by 1,721. The spectral transmittance (%) for each wavelength was measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation UH4150) by irradiating the surface of decorative sheet 1 facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 with light of each wavelength at an incident angle of 0 degrees (the normal direction to the surface of decorative sheet 1 or second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is set to 0 degrees), and measuring the ratio of the total transmitted light flux to the parallel incident light flux (i.e., total luminous transmittance). The total luminous transmittance was measured in accordance with JIS K 7375:2008.

[0081] The average spectral reflectance (%) for wavelengths between 780 nm and 2500 nm was calculated by measuring the spectral reflectance (%) for each wavelength (i.e., 780 nm, 781 nm, 2499 nm, and 2500 nm) while changing the wavelength in 1 nm increments from 780 nm to 2500 nm, and then dividing the sum of the 1,721 measured spectral reflectances by 1,721. The spectral reflectance (%) for each wavelength was measured using a spectrophotometer (Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation UH4150) by irradiating the surface of decorative sheet 1 facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 with light of each wavelength at an incident angle of 5 degrees (the normal direction to the surface of decorative sheet 1 or second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is set to 0 degrees), and measuring the ratio of the total reflected light flux to the parallel incident light flux (i.e., total light reflectance). The total light reflectance measurement method complies with JIS K 7375:2008.

[0082] When the decorative sheet 1 is used as a membrane ceiling material as one form of interior material for a building, the surface of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, which is the back surface of the decorative sheet 1, may also be exposed to sunlight or heat rays from an indoor light source. In such a case, if the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 does not have a nearly white appearance (L * If the value is less than 65, the temperature of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 and therefore the entire decorative sheet 1 will rise due to absorption of the heat rays, which will accelerate the deterioration of the pattern layer 22. On the other hand, if the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 has a near-white appearance (L * When the value is 65 or more, the average spectral absorptance at wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less on the surface of the decorative sheet 1 facing the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 can be 50% or less. As a result, more than half of the infrared rays (heat rays) in the above wavelength range can be transmitted or reflected, which can suppress temperature rise in the decorative sheet 1 and therefore suppress deterioration of the pattern layer 22 over time.

[0083] The decorative sheet 1 according to the present disclosure has a total mass of 450 g / m 2 regardless of whether or not the acrylic layer 25 is present. 2 More than 600g / m 2Preferably, the overall thickness of the decorative sheet 1 is 0.3 mm or more and 0.45 mm or less. Here, as explained above, the decorative sheet 1 according to the embodiment is mainly composed of a base sheet 10 having a layer 11 made of glass fiber, a first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12. As mentioned above, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are both films whose main component is vinyl chloride resin, and vinyl chloride resin has excellent non-combustible and flame retardant properties. The layer 11 made of glass fiber also has excellent non-combustible and flame retardant properties. Although the decorative sheet 1 has a pattern layer 22 located on the outermost layer, as mentioned above, the mass of the pattern layer 22 is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 Since the amount of the pattern layer 22 applied is small, the decorative sheet 1 as a whole satisfies the above non-combustible performance, i.e., the heat generation rate is 200 kW / m 2 Overtime (within 10 seconds) and total heat output 8MJ / m 2 It can be within.

[0084] In addition, the total mass of the decorative sheet 1 is 600 g / m 2 Because it is lightweight at less than 450 g / m², the energy source required for combustion is small, and from this perspective, the non-combustibility is also high. On the other hand, the overall mass of the decorative sheet 1 is 450 g / m². 2 Therefore, even when the decorative sheet 1 is installed alone as a membrane ceiling material, the required mechanical strength can be achieved. 2 If the mass of the base sheet 10, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12, etc. is increased in order to obtain the required mechanical strength, it becomes difficult to allocate the required mass to the design layer. As mentioned above, the decorative sheet 1 has an overall thickness of 0.3 mm or more and 0.45 mm or less. If the overall thickness exceeds 0.45 mm, the overall mass must be 600 g / m 2It is difficult to achieve a total thickness of less than 0.3 mm, making it difficult to satisfy the non-combustibility requirements. Furthermore, if the total thickness is less than 0.3 mm, it will be difficult to obtain the mechanical strength required for the decorative sheet 1, and it will be difficult to allocate the mass required for the pattern layer, among other problems. The decorative sheet 1 of the present disclosure has an overall mass within the above range and an overall thickness within the above range, and therefore can achieve both non-flammability and the necessary mechanical strength, while also providing a high level of design.

[0085] In the decorative sheet 1 according to the present disclosure, the mass of the pattern layer 22 is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 As a result, the design of the decorative sheet 1 is less susceptible to the color of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, and it is possible to avoid the design being impaired by the color of the pattern layer 22 becoming too dark, meaning that the decorative sheet 1 can have a highly aesthetic design. In addition, non-combustibility can be ensured. Furthermore, in the embodiment having the acrylic layer 25, the adhesion between the design layer 22 and the acrylic layer 25 can be further improved, and as a result, the durability and reliability of the decorative sheet 1 can be further improved.

[0086] [Building interior materials] The decorative sheet 1 has high non-combustibility and excellent design properties, and therefore can be suitably used as a building interior material, that is, a membrane ceiling material, by installing the decorative sheet 1 alone on the ceiling of a building. The decorative sheet 1 can be used alone as a membrane ceiling material, or it can be combined with other components such as substrates, hanging devices, frames, ledges, and screws to form architectural interior materials. Because the decorative sheet 1 is moderately flexible, it can easily be combined with the other components to form architectural interior materials. Applications for architectural interior materials include ceiling materials in airports, train stations, and stores, as well as hanging advertisements from the ceiling, store decorations such as column wraps, vinyl curtains, simple partitions, protective sheets, various covers for machines, and materials for repairing tears and reinforcing fabrics. Even in the architectural interior materials mentioned above, the high fire resistance, high designability, moderate light weight, and water resistance of the decorative sheet make it suitable for use in spaces used by an unspecified number of people and at construction sites. Furthermore, the decorative sheets according to the present disclosure can also be used for applications other than architectural interior materials, such as exhibition panels, posters, tents, store awnings, arcade roofing, parking lot roofing, parasols and beach umbrellas, flags, banners, streamers, vehicle canopies, temporary fencing at construction sites, and waterproof sheets. The decorative sheets according to the present disclosure can also be used for repairing tears in the various applications listed above, and as a reinforcement material for fabrics.

[0087] [Method for manufacturing decorative sheet] (First manufacturing method of the embodiment) First, an example of a first manufacturing method for the decorative sheet 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 4, which is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the layer structure. First, a colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and a colored second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are prepared. Next, a base sheet 10 having a layer 11 made of glass fiber is prepared (FIG. 4(a)). The base sheet 10 is immersed in adhesive to impregnate the base sheet 10 with the adhesive, and then dried, so that the adhesive that will become the first adhesive layer 31 is applied to one side and the adhesive that will become the second adhesive layer 32 is applied to the other side (FIG. 4(b)).

[0088] Next, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and one side of the base sheet 10 (the upper side in FIG. 4) are laminated together via a first adhesive layer 31 so that they face each other (hereinafter also referred to as the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step), and the other side of the base sheet 10 (the lower side in FIG. 4) and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are laminated together via a second adhesive layer 32 so that they face each other (hereinafter also referred to as the second vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step; the laminated state up to this point in the manufacturing process is sometimes referred to as an intermediate substrate (FIG. 4(c)).

[0089] Next, an acrylic layer 25 is formed by gravure printing on the side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite the side facing the base sheet 10 (FIG. 4(d)). Gravure printing is preferred, but inkjet printing may also be used. Next, a design layer 22 is printed by inkjet printing on the side of the acrylic layer 25 opposite the side facing the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, to obtain the decorative sheet 1 (design layer lamination step, FIG. 4(e)). The ink used in the inkjet printing method here is an ink containing an ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin, and the mass of the formed design layer 22 is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 In each of the above steps, the decorative sheet 1 is printed so that its overall mass is 450 g / m 2 More than 600g / m 2 The layers that make up the decorative sheet 1 are designed as follows: In designing the overall mass to be within the above range, the selection of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 plays a major role in the design.

[0090] In the above description, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step are performed in the same step, but this is not limited to this. The first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step may be performed first and then the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step, or the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step may be performed first and then the first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step. Although the acrylic layer 25 is provided in the above description, the acrylic layer 25 is not an essential component in the present disclosure. If the acrylic layer 25 is not provided, the design layer 22 may be provided by inkjet printing on the surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite to the surface on the base sheet 10 side.

[0091] As described above, the substrate used in the step of laminating the acrylic layer 25 by gravure printing and the step of printing the design layer 22 by inkjet printing (design layer lamination step) is an intermediate substrate in which the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 is laminated on one side of the base sheet 10 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 is laminated on the other side. Even if both the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are soft, the intermediate substrate has an appropriate rigidity because it has the base sheet 10 having the layer 11 composed of glass fiber. Therefore, problems such as the intermediate substrate being stretched or stuck to the guide roll due to heat or tension during drying when the acrylic layer 25 is gravure printed on the intermediate substrate can be avoided. Similarly, in inkjet printing in the design layer lamination process, problems such as the intermediate substrate being stretched or sticking to the guide roll due to tension during printing can be avoided.

[0092] Furthermore, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 after being laminated to the glass fiber layer 11 has a relatively large surface irregularity due to the influence of the surface irregularities of the glass fiber layer 11, but in the first manufacturing method, the picture layer 22 is formed by inkjet printing. Because inkjet printing is a non-contact printing method, it is relatively unaffected by the irregularities of the surface of the printing substrate, i.e., the surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, allowing for good printing and thus enabling the formation of a picture layer 22 with a highly designed appearance. As described above, in the decorative sheet 1 according to the first manufacturing method of the present disclosure, the intermediate substrate to be printed is less likely to expand or contract, stick to the guide roll, or wrinkle, both in the process of laminating the acrylic layer 25 and the process of laminating the picture layer, enabling high-quality printing. Therefore, the decorative sheet 1 according to the first manufacturing method of the present disclosure can have a high level of designability.

[0093] In the manufacturing method disclosed herein, the design layer lamination process is performed using inkjet printing, eliminating the need for a printing plate cylinder. This shortens setup time and enables highly flexible printing, making it suitable for small-lot production. Furthermore, inkjet printing uses ink containing UV-curable acrylic resin, which can be instantly cured after ejection using a UV light source mounted on the print head, allowing for thick ink buildup and enabling a wide range of color tones to be expressed. Furthermore, since no heat is required for curing (drying), there is less heat damage to the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the curing (drying) time is short. Furthermore, while solvent-based inks generally have a high gloss, inks containing UV-curable acrylic resins can be adjusted to suit individual preferences, from the low gloss preferred for membrane ceiling applications to the high gloss equivalent to solvent-based inks.

[0094] (Second manufacturing method of the embodiment) Next, an example of a second method of producing the decorative sheet 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 5, which is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of the layer structure. First, a colored first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 (FIG. 5(a)) and a colored second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 are prepared, and a design layer 22 is printed on one side (the upper side in FIG. 5) of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 by gravure printing (design layer lamination step, FIG. 5(b)). In the gravure printing, it is preferable to print the design layer with ink containing an acrylic resin, and then print a protective layer in a subsequent unit. When the mass of the formed design layer 22 is 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 Print it as follows:

[0095] Next, a base sheet 10 having a layer 11 made of glass fiber is prepared (Fig. 5(c)), and the base sheet 10 is immersed in adhesive to impregnate the base sheet 10 with the adhesive. The base sheet 10 is then dried, so that the adhesive that will become the first adhesive layer 31 is applied to one side of the base sheet 10, and the adhesive that will become the second adhesive layer 32 is applied to the other side of the base sheet 10 (Fig. 5(d)).

[0096] Thereafter, the surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 opposite the surface on which the pattern layer 22 is formed is laminated to one surface of the base sheet 10 (the upper surface in FIG. 5) via a first adhesive layer 31 (hereinafter also referred to as the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step), and the other surface of the base sheet 10 (the lower surface in FIG. 5) is laminated to the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 via a second adhesive layer 32 (hereinafter also referred to as the second vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step), to obtain the decorative sheet 1 (FIG. 5(e)). Note that in each of the above steps, the mass of the entire decorative sheet 1 is 450 g / m 2 More than 600g / m 2 The layers that make up the decorative sheet 1 are designed as follows: In designing the overall mass to be within the above range, the selection of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 plays a major role in the design.

[0097] In the above description, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step are performed in the same step, but this is not limited to this. The first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step may be performed first and then the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step, or the second vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step may be performed first and then the first vinyl chloride resin sheet lamination step. Although the above description does not include an acrylic layer 25, the decorative sheet 1 according to the second manufacturing method may also include an acrylic layer 25. When including an acrylic layer 25, the acrylic layer 25 may be formed by gravure printing on one side of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 (the upper side in FIG. 5) before forming the design layer 22, and then the design layer 22 may be formed on the side of the acrylic layer 25 opposite the side facing the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 in the same manner as above.

[0098] In the second manufacturing method, the design layer 22 is gravure-printed onto the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 before bonding the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 to the glass fiber layer 11 of the base sheet 10. The first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21, after being laminated to the glass fiber layer 11, has significant surface irregularities due to the surface irregularities of the glass fiber layer 11, making it unsuitable for forming the design layer 22 by gravure printing. However, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 before being laminated to the glass fiber layer 11 has a high level of surface smoothness, making gravure printing suitable for use. Furthermore, the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 before being laminated to the glass fiber layer 11 is thin, making multicolor gravure printing suitable for use. In other words, the second manufacturing method allows for the formation of multicolor, high-resolution designs using gravure printing, allowing the decorative sheet 1 manufactured by this manufacturing method to exhibit high design potential. In addition, the first manufacturing method uses inkjet printing, which is a non-contact printing method, and is therefore relatively less susceptible to the above-mentioned problems that occur when printing on the first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 after it has been laminated to the layer 11 made of glass fiber, making it possible to perform good printing, i.e., to form a highly decorative pattern layer 22.

[0099] The decorative sheet 1 obtained by the second manufacturing method can also achieve the same effects as those described for the decorative sheet 1 according to the present disclosure. In other words, the decorative sheet 1 according to the second manufacturing method has high non-combustibility and excellent design properties. [Example]

[0100] (First Example) Examples and comparative examples according to the present disclosure will be described below. As a first example, two white vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) were prepared, each 150 μm thick and containing 60 parts by mass of DINP as a plasticizer and 10 parts by mass of titanium white, manufactured by the calendaring method.

[0101] Next, a glass woven fabric (layer 11 made of glass fiber) with a warp and weft density of 32 threads / 25 mm was applied with a colored adhesive of vinyl chloride resin at 40 g / m 2 By impregnating the glass woven fabric and then drying, a vinyl chloride resin colored adhesive (first adhesive layer 31 and second adhesive layer 32) was applied to both sides of the glass woven fabric. Next, one side of the glass woven fabric and one white vinyl chloride resin sheet (second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) were bonded by thermal lamination via the vinyl chloride resin colored adhesive (second adhesive layer 32). Next, the other white vinyl chloride resin sheet (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21) and the other side of the glass woven fabric were bonded by thermal lamination via the vinyl chloride resin colored adhesive (first adhesive layer 31), thereby obtaining an intermediate substrate.

[0102] Next, a transparent acrylic resin layer (acrylic layer 25) was formed by gravure printing on the surface of the other white vinyl chloride resin sheet (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21) of the intermediate substrate, to serve as a primer. The acrylic resin layer (acrylic layer 25) was printed with an inkjet printer VUTEk GS5500LXr manufactured by EFI using an ink made of ultraviolet-curable acrylic resin and containing Pigment Yellow 150 and Pigment Red 122 as pigments, resulting in a pattern layer 22 with a mass of 14 g / m. 2 A wood grain pattern layer (design layer 22) was formed so as to obtain the decorative sheet 1 according to the first example. The mass of the entire decorative sheet 1 was 542 g / m2 The overall thickness was 0.38 mm. The decorative sheet according to the first embodiment corresponds to the first method for producing a decorative sheet described above.

[0103] (Second Example) As a second embodiment, the mass of the pattern layer 22 in the first embodiment is 30 g / m 2 The decorative sheet 1 according to the second example was obtained with the same other settings as in the first example. The overall mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 558 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.39 mm. The decorative sheet according to the second example corresponds to the first manufacturing method for the decorative sheet described above.

[0104] (Third Example) As a third example, two semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) were prepared, each ivory-colored and 100 μm thick, using 31 parts by mass of DINP as a plasticizer, manufactured by the calendaring method. A design layer and a protective layer were gravure printed consecutively on one surface of one of the semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21) in the same printing process (design layer 22). The design on the design layer was a wood grain pattern similar to that in the first example, with a mass of 1 g / m. 2 The protective layer was printed in a unit behind the unit that printed the picture layer in the same gravure printing machine as the picture layer, with a mass of 2 g / m 2 In other words, the mass of the design layer including the design layer and the protective layer was 3 g / m 2 It was decided.

[0105] Next, a glass woven fabric (layer 11 made of glass fiber) with a warp and weft density of 32 threads / 25 mm was applied with a colored adhesive of vinyl chloride resin at 40 g / m 2 By impregnating the glass woven fabric and then drying it, the colored vinyl chloride resin adhesive (first adhesive layer 31 and second adhesive layer 32) was applied to both sides of the glass woven fabric. Next, one side of the glass woven fabric was bonded to the other semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin sheet (second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) by thermal lamination using a vinyl chloride resin colored adhesive (second adhesive layer 32). Next, the side opposite to the side on which the design layer of one semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin sheet (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21) was formed was bonded to the other side of the glass woven fabric by thermal lamination using a vinyl chloride resin colored adhesive (first adhesive layer 31), thereby obtaining a decorative sheet 1 according to the third example. The overall mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 480 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.31 mm. The decorative sheet according to the third embodiment corresponds to the second manufacturing method for the decorative sheet described above.

[0106] (Fourth Example) As a fourth example, the semi-rigid vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) in the third example were modified such that the amount of plasticizer was 31 parts by mass, the ivory color remained unchanged, and the thickness was changed to 150 μm. In addition, the mass of the design layer was changed to 5 g / m 2 The mass of the protective layer is 7 g / m 2 That is, the mass of the pattern layer is 12 g / m 2 The decorative sheet 1 according to the fourth example was obtained by changing the above, and other factors were the same as those in the third example. The mass of the entire decorative sheet 1 was 590 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.44 mm. The decorative sheet according to the fourth example corresponds to the second manufacturing method for the decorative sheet described above.

[0107] (Fifth Example) As a fifth embodiment, the mass of the design layer in the fourth embodiment is set to 0.5 g / m 2 The mass of the protective layer is 1.2 g / m 2 That is, the mass of the pattern layer is 1.7 g / m 2The decorative sheet 1 according to the fifth embodiment was obtained by changing the above, and other factors were the same as those in the fourth embodiment. The mass of the entire decorative sheet 1 was 580 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.41 mm. The decorative sheet according to the fifth example corresponds to the second manufacturing method for the decorative sheet described above.

[0108] (Comparative Example 1) For Comparative Example 1, the white vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) in Example 2 were modified such that the plasticizer content was 60 parts by mass, the white color remained unchanged, and the thickness was changed to 200 μm. The rest of the process was the same as Example 2, and a decorative sheet 1 according to Comparative Example 1 was obtained. The total mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 630 g / m. 2 The overall thickness was 0.47 mm. The decorative sheet according to Comparative Example 1 corresponds to the first manufacturing method for decorative sheets described above.

[0109] (Comparative Example 2) In Comparative Example 2, the white vinyl chloride resin sheets (first vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 and second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12) in Example 1 were modified to contain 60 parts by mass of plasticizer, have the same white color, and have a thickness of 75 μm. The mass of the design layer was also modified to 0.5 g / m2. 2 The decorative sheet 1 according to Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The total mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 430 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.29 mm. The decorative sheet according to Comparative Example 2 corresponds to the first manufacturing method for decorative sheets described above.

[0110] (Comparative Example 3) As a comparative example 3, the mass of the design layer in the fourth or fifth embodiment was 1 g / m 2 The protective layer is omitted, that is, the mass of the design layer is 1 g / m 2The rest of the process was the same as in the fourth or fifth example, and a decorative sheet 1 according to Comparative Example 3 was obtained. The total mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 569 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.41 mm. The decorative sheet according to Comparative Example 3 corresponds to the second manufacturing method for decorative sheets described above.

[0111] Comparative Example 4 As Comparative Example 4, the mass of the design layer in the fourth or fifth embodiment was 10 g / m 2 The mass of the protective layer is 10 g / m 2 That is, the mass of the pattern layer is 20 g / m 2 The decorative sheet 1 according to Comparative Example 4 was obtained by changing the thickness of the decorative sheet 1 to the thickness of the decorative sheet 1, and otherwise maintaining the same conditions as in the fourth or fifth example. The mass of the entire decorative sheet 1 was 605 g / m 2 The overall thickness was 0.47 mm. The decorative sheet according to Comparative Example 4 corresponds to the second manufacturing method for decorative sheets described above.

[0112] (Comparative Example 5) In Comparative Example 5, a white vinyl chloride resin sheet corresponding to the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 in Example 1 was used, but the color was changed from white to brown, and the DINP plasticizer content and thickness were changed to a vinyl chloride resin sheet similar to those of the white vinyl chloride resin sheet according to Example 1. Other aspects were the same as those of Example 1, and a decorative sheet 1 according to Comparative Example 5 was obtained. The total mass of the decorative sheet 1 was 542 g / m. 2 The overall thickness was 0.38 mm. The decorative sheet according to Comparative Example 5 corresponds to the first manufacturing method for decorative sheets described above.

[0113] (Evaluation 1: Pyrogenicity test) For each decorative sheet to be evaluated, a cone calorie meter tester conforming to ISO5660-1 was used to measure the total calorific value (MJ / m) for 20 minutes after the start of heating. 2 ), and the maximum heat generation rate for 20 minutes after the start of heating is 200 kW / m 2The time (hereinafter referred to as excess time) during which the temperature exceeded 7.2 MJ / m was calculated in seconds, and the evaluation criteria were as follows: 2 Below, and exceeding the limit for 8 seconds or less: ◎, total heat output 8MJ / m 2 Exceeding or exceeding 10 seconds: ×; Not falling under either ◎ or × above: 〇

[0114] (Rating 2: Blocking rating) For each decorative sheet to be evaluated, several small pieces of sheets cut to 5 cm x 5 cm were prepared, and several small pieces were stacked with the same side facing up (so that the front side (design layer side) of one small piece faced the back side of another small piece), and a load of 20 kg was applied. After storing in this state in an environment of 40°C for 72 hours, the stacked small pieces were peeled from each other, and the peelability and the surface condition of the front side (design layer side) and back side of the small pieces after peeling were visually observed and evaluated. A rating of ◯ was given for small pieces that showed good peelability without significant adhesion between them and no transfer of the design layer to the back side of the small pieces, i.e., no blocking was observed. A rating of x was given for small pieces that were significantly adhered to each other, making peeling difficult, or where transfer of the design layer to the back side of the small pieces was observed after peeling, i.e., where blocking was observed.

[0115] (Rating 3: Appearance evaluation) The appearance of the decorative sheet, that is, the printed appearance of the wood grain pattern layer (design layer 22), was evaluated visually. Those with no problem in printed appearance were marked with ◯, and those with poor printed appearance were marked with ×.

[0116] (Rating 4: Image clarity (image clarity) rating) The image clarity (image clarity) of the surface of the wood grain pattern layer of each of the decorative sheets in the above examples and comparative examples was measured using an appearance analyzer Rhopoint IQ-S manufactured by Konica Minolta Japan Inc., with both the incident angle and receiving angle set at 20°.

[0117] (Rating 5: Arithmetic mean height Sa rating) The arithmetic mean height Sa, defined as surface roughness (ISO 25178), was measured for the surface of the wood grain pattern layer of each of the decorative sheets according to the above Examples and Comparative Examples using a VR-3000 manufactured by Keyence Corporation.

[0118] (Rating 6: Visual evaluation of reflection) The decorative sheets according to the above examples and comparative examples were evaluated for their glare properties by visual inspection. Specifically, a three-wavelength straight-tube fluorescent lamp (27W) with its tube surface exposed was used as the light source, and the fluorescent lamp, decorative sheet, and observer were positioned so that the incident angle and receiving angle were both 30°, and the observation distance was 1m, and the reflection of the fluorescent lamp on the surface of the wood grain pattern layer of each decorative sheet was observed. Those on the surface of the wood grain pattern layer of each decorative sheet where the light source could be recognized as being reflected were marked with an X, and those where the light source could not be recognized as being reflected were marked with an O.

[0119] (Rating 7: Heat absorption rate rating) Each of the decorative sheets according to the above examples and comparative examples was cut into a size of 5 cm x 5 cm, and the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) L value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8781-4:2013 on the side opposite to the wood grain pattern layer (picture layer 22) was measured. * a * b * L in color space * The average spectral reflectance and average spectral transmittance in the range of 780 nm to 2500 nm were measured. The average spectral absorptance was calculated by applying the formula "average spectral absorptance (%) = 100 (%) - average spectral transmittance (%) - average spectral reflectance (%)" to both measurements. As a result, an absorptance of 50% or less was marked as "Good," and an absorptance of more than 50% was marked as "Poor."

[0120] Table 1 shows the results of evaluations 1 to 7 for each decorative sheet. [Table 1]

[0121] (Evaluation 1 result) The results of Evaluation 1, which evaluates heat generation, i.e., non-flammability, are shown in Table 1. Comparative Examples 1 and 4 were rated x, while the others were all rated ⊚. Of the 10 decorative sheets evaluated, Comparative Example 1 had a total mass of 630 g / m 2 , and Comparative Example 4 has a total mass of 605 g / m 2 and 600g / m 2 The total heat output exceeds 8MJ / m due to the large overall mass. 2 On the other hand, the total mass is 590g / m 2 Considering that the fourth example was rated as ⊚, the results of this evaluation show that a total mass of 600 g / m is the best in terms of non-combustibility. 2 It has been confirmed that the following is preferable.

[0122] (Evaluation 2 results) The results of Evaluation 2, which evaluated blocking, are shown in Table 1. Only Comparative Example 3 was rated "x," while all others were rated "good." Of the five conditions using gravure printing (Examples 3 to 5, Comparative Examples 3 and 4), only Comparative Example 3 did not have a protective layer. Because the ink curing method in gravure printing is thermal curing, it is thought that blocking is likely to occur if a protective layer is not provided. On the other hand, in the five conditions using inkjet printing (Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 5), no blocking occurred, even though a protective layer was not provided. This is thought to be because the ink used in inkjet printing is UV-curable, and therefore blocking was unlikely even without a protective layer. These evaluation results confirmed that, from the perspective of preventing blocking, it is preferable to have a protective layer when using gravure printing.

[0123] (Evaluation 3 results) The results of Evaluation 3, which evaluates the appearance of the decorative sheet, i.e., the printed appearance of the wood grain pattern layer (picture layer 22), are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 2 was rated x, while the others were all rated ◯. In Comparative Example 2, the density of the wood grain pattern layer was generally low and some areas were faded. In Comparative Example 2, although inkjet printing was used, the mass of the picture layer was 0.5 g / m 2It is thought that the ink could not be layered to a degree that would allow the wood grain pattern layer to obtain the desired density because the mass of the pattern layer was 0.5 g / m2. 2 In Example 5, the design layer was printed by gravure printing, and it is believed that the reason why no defects in print appearance occurred in Example 5 is that the ink used in gravure printing has better coloring per mass than UV-curable inkjet ink. In gravure printing, the mass of the design layer is 0.5 g / m 2 Although this is not considered to be a problem, it is recommended to use a thickness of 1g / m to prevent blocking. 2 A protective layer of about 1.5g / m is required, so the mass of the pattern layer is 1.5g / m 2 It was confirmed that the above is preferable.

[0124] As a result of the above, and the mass of the pattern layer is 30 g / m 2 Considering that it becomes difficult to satisfy the non-combustibility requirement when the mass of the pattern layer exceeds 1.5 g / m 2 More than 30g / m 2 It has been confirmed that the following is preferable. In addition, the overall mass is 450g / m 2 If the mass of the pattern layer is less than 1.5 g / m, taking into consideration the mechanical strength of the decorative sheet 1, 2 In view of this and the non-combustibility, it is difficult to ensure the above. 2 More than 600g / m 2 It has been confirmed that the following is preferable.

[0125] (Ratings 4-6) The results of Evaluations 4 to 6 are shown in Table 1. Comparing the results of Evaluation 4 and Evaluation 6, it was confirmed that when the image clarity (image clarity) was 0, as in Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 5, there was almost no reflection, to the extent that the light source was not even noticeable. Comparative Example 4 had an image clarity (image clarity) of 0.28 and an arithmetic mean height Sa of 10, but in the visual evaluation of reflection, the light source was only vaguely noticeable, and the reflection was not bothersome. Comparing the above results with the results of evaluations 5 and 6, it was confirmed that if the image clarity (image clarity) was 0.3 or less, reflections were not noticeable. Furthermore, comparing the results of Evaluation 5 with those of Evaluation 6, it was confirmed that when the arithmetic mean height Sa defined in the surface roughness (ISO 25178) is 10 μm or more, as in Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, the reflection of the light source is not noticeable. On the other hand, when the arithmetic mean height Sa is 9 μm or less, it was confirmed that the light source is recognized as being reflected, and a noticeable level of reflection occurs. From the above, it was confirmed that when the arithmetic mean height Sa is 10 μm or more, the reflection is very little.

[0126] (Evaluation 7 results) The results of Evaluation 7, which evaluates the heat ray absorptance, are shown in Table 1. Only Comparative Example 5 was given an X, while the others were all given an ◯. This confirmed that the second vinyl chloride resin sheet 12 according to the present disclosure, which is white or a whitish color such as an ivory color similar to white, has a low heat ray absorptance, and that in order to reduce the heat ray absorptance, a white color that is colored with a specific white pigment that is white and has low absorption of electromagnetic waves in the heat ray band is preferable. * If we look at the values, ivory, which is 70, is a good color, and brown, which is 53, is an unsatisfactory color. Therefore, in order to make the average spectral absorptance of wavelengths between 780 nm and 2500 nm 50% or less, * The validity of a value of 65 or higher being preferable was confirmed. Furthermore, because the decorative sheets of the various embodiments according to the present disclosure have low heat ray absorption rates, it is possible to suppress temperature rise in the decorative sheet, thereby suppressing deterioration of the pattern layer 22. In other words, it was confirmed that it is possible to produce a decorative sheet with little deterioration in design over time.

[0127] The decorative sheet, architectural interior material, and method for manufacturing the decorative sheet according to the present disclosure have been described above, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments are merely examples, and anything that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present disclosure and exhibits similar effects is included within the technical scope of the present disclosure in any case. [Explanation of symbols]

[0128] 1 decorative sheet 10 Base sheet 11 Layer composed of glass fiber 12 Second vinyl chloride resin sheet 21 First vinyl chloride resin sheet 22 Picture layer 25 acrylic layer 31 First adhesive layer 32 Second adhesive layer

Claims

1. a decorative sheet in which a first vinyl chloride resin sheet is laminated on one side of a base sheet and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet is laminated on the other side of the base sheet; the base sheet has a layer made of glass fiber; the first vinyl chloride resin sheet and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet are both colored, a design layer is laminated on the surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet opposite to the surface on the base sheet side; the image clarity (image clarity) defined in JIS K 7374:2007 on the surface on the side of the picture layer is 0.3 or less, The arithmetic mean height Sa of the surface on the side of the design layer as defined in the surface roughness (ISO 25178) is 10 μm or more, The mass of the design layer is 1.5 g / m ２ 30g / m or more ２ is as follows: The total mass of the decorative sheet is 450 g / m ２ More than 600g / m ２ Below is the decorative sheet.

2. 2. The decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein the decorative sheet has an overall thickness of 0.3 mm or more and 0.45 mm or less.

3. In the heat generation test according to ISO5660-1, 200kW / m ２ The overtime is 10 seconds or less, and the total heat generation is 8 MJ / m ２ 3. The decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein:

4. 4. The decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein the surface of said decorative sheet facing said second vinyl chloride resin sheet has an average spectral absorptance of 50% or less at wavelengths of 780 nm or more and 2500 nm or less.

5. In the decorative sheet, the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) L measured in accordance with JIS Z 8781-4:2013 on the surface on the side of the second vinyl chloride resin sheet ＊ a ＊ b ＊ L in color system ＊ The decorative sheet according to claim 4, wherein the value is 65 or more.

6. 6. The decorative sheet according to claim 4, wherein the second vinyl chloride resin sheet contains at least either inorganic particles or metal particles.

7. A building interior material comprising the decorative sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A method for producing a decorative sheet having a first vinyl chloride resin sheet, a base sheet, and a second vinyl chloride resin sheet, comprising: preparing the first colored vinyl chloride resin sheet and the second colored vinyl chloride resin sheet; providing the substrate sheet having a layer composed of glass fibers; impregnating both sides of the substrate sheet with an adhesive to form a first adhesive layer and a second adhesive layer; a first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step of laminating one surface of the base sheet and one surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet via the first adhesive layer so that the one surface of the base sheet faces the one surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet; a second vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step of laminating the other surface of the base sheet and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet via the second adhesive layer so that the other surface of the base sheet faces the second vinyl chloride resin sheet; A design layer is formed on the other surface of the first vinyl chloride resin sheet at a rate of 1.5 g / m ２ 30g / m or more ２ A pattern layer lamination process for laminating layers to have the following mass: The total mass of the decorative sheet is 450 g / m ２ More than 600g / m ２ is as follows: the image clarity (image clarity) defined in JIS K 7374:2007 on the surface on the side of the picture layer is 0.3 or less, A method for producing a decorative sheet, wherein the surface on the side of the design layer has an arithmetic mean height Sa, as defined in ISO 25178, of 10 μm or more.

9. 9. The method for producing a decorative sheet according to claim 8, wherein the pattern layer laminating step is carried out after the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step and the second vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step.

10. The method for producing a decorative sheet according to claim 8, wherein the pattern layer laminating step is carried out before the first vinyl chloride resin sheet laminating step.

Images