Simulation method for grout flow diffusion pattern in old mining cavern area caving zone

Abstract

To provide a simulation method of an injected / filled grout flowing / diffusion pattern in an old mining cavity area caving zone.SOLUTION: A simulation method of an injected / filled grout flowing / diffusion pattern in an old mining cavity area caving zone includes the steps of: clarifying the inclination angle of a coal layer and the situation of groundwater; preparing a required test system; adjusting the angle of a test base body by arranging a lifting mechanism, adjusting a connection port whose direction is adjustable, and adjusting a drainage direction in the test system; laying a material for simulation in the test base body; and starting a grouting machine, controlling a grouting amount and a grouting pressure according to a request of experiment, starting a monitoring device, observing a grout diffusion effect in the test base body, recording experiment data, combining the experiment data with related theory and knowledge and performing analysis, and obtaining a diffusion effect and a flowing pattern of a grout.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grouting treatment simulation for old mining cavern area caving zone, and particularly to a method for simulating injection filling grout flow diffusion pattern for old mining cavern area caving zone. [Background technology]

[0002] The mining cavity area injection filling method is a ground treatment method for mining cavity areas that uses artificial methods to inject and pour filler into the mining cavity area to fill and cement the cavities and unconsolidated bodies in the mining cavity area. It is widely used and has relatively good treatment effects. In actual field construction, it is necessary to ensure that the filler material fully fills the underground cavity or geological body and has sufficient strength and stability after hardening. Therefore, studying the flow diffusion pattern of injection filling grout in the caving zone of old mining cavity areas has great practical guiding significance for the grouting reinforcement treatment of the ground in mining cavity areas and the filling of industrial solid waste.

[0003] Building physical simulation experiments is a common research method used by mining engineering researchers. Currently, China's mining engineering field lacks specialized experimental equipment for investigating grout flow diffusion patterns in old cavern area caving zones. Some existing grouting simulation equipment struggles to simulate the geological structure and groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and velocities in old cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles. Furthermore, it is unable to see through the entire grouting process, making it difficult to intuitively observe the overall grouting process and the grouting diffusion effect in real time. This poses significant challenges for research into grout flow diffusion patterns and grout performance in old cavern area caving zones. Therefore, it is highly necessary to develop a grouting simulation experimental device that can control dynamic water flow fields with different flow directions and velocities and simulate old cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for simulating the flow diffusion pattern of grout injection filling in caving zones of old mining cavern areas, which can simulate old mining cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles and can also simulate groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and flow velocities. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0006] The simulation method of grout flow diffusion pattern in old mining cavern area caving zone is as follows: Step 1 is to clarify the dip angle of the coal seam and the groundwater situation. Step 2 of preparing the necessary experimental system, the test system includes a test stand, a grouting device, a water supply device, and a monitoring device; The test stand includes a test stand body and a base, the test stand body being a rectangular parallelepiped structure composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, a left plate, a right plate, a front plate, and a rear plate, one end of the test stand body being hingedly connected to the base, and the other end being connected to the base via a lifting mechanism that adjusts the height of the test stand body to simulate different tilt angles; Step 2, the side plate of the test stand body is provided with one or more direction-adjustable connection ports, the direction-adjustable connection ports are connected to a water supply device, the direction-adjustable connection ports include a rotary pipe port, a rotary shaft, a spherical rotation structure, a first screw portion and a second screw portion, the rotary pipe port is connected to the spherical rotation structure via the rotary shaft, the first screw portion is connected to the test stand body, and the second screw portion is connected to a water supply pipe of the water supply device, the grouting device is connected to the grouting hole of the upper plate, and the monitoring device is connected to the test stand; Step 3: adjusting the lifting mechanism to set one end of the test stand body at a certain height; Step 4 of laying the simulation material in the test stand body; Step 5: adjust the discharge direction of the direction-adjustable connection port, connect the supply pipe and return pipe of the water supply device, start the water supply device, and simulate the flow direction of the groundwater flow field; Step 6: Inserting a grouting pipe connected to a grouting device through the grouting hole in the upper plate, wherein a perforated pipe or an end pipe is selected and used according to the experiment; Step 7: starting the grouting device, controlling the grouting amount and grouting pressure, starting the monitoring device, observing the grout diffusion effect in the test stand body, and recording the experimental data; Step 8 includes, after the grouting is completed, organizing the experimental data, studying it in conjunction with relevant theoretical knowledge, and analyzing the diffusion effect and flow pattern of the grout.

[0007] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the flow diffusion pattern of grout injection filling in caving zone of old mining cavern area, the lifting mechanism is a hydraulic jack, and the angle of the test stand body is adjusted by controlling the height of the hydraulic jack.

[0008] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the flow diffusion pattern of grout injection filling in the caving zone of an old mining cavern area, one or more direction-adjustable connection ports are provided on the left plate of the test stand body, and the flow direction of the water flow can be adjusted by adjusting each direction-adjustable connection port, and the upper plate, lower plate, left plate, right plate, front plate and rear plate are all transparent acrylic plates.

[0009] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern in the old mining cavern area caving zone, the base is provided with a water tank, a water tank filter outlet and a water outlet.

[0010] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the injection filling grout flow diffusion pattern of the caving zone of an old mining cavern area, the grouting equipment includes a grouting machine, a high-pressure grouting hose, a grouting pipe, a rubber pipe, and a grout storage tank, in which the prepared grout is stored, and the grouting machine communicates with one end of the grouting pipe through the high-pressure grouting hose, and the grouting pipe is inserted into the test bench body through the grouting hole in the upper plate to perform grouting.

[0011] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the injection filling grout flow diffusion pattern in the caving zone of an old mining cavern area, the water supply device includes a water storage section, a water supply pipe, and a water return pipe, the water supply pipe is provided with a water supply valve, the water return pipe is provided with a water return valve, and a pressure gauge is provided at the connection between the water supply pipe, the water return pipe and the direction-adjustable connection port.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern in the old mining cavern area caving zone, the monitoring device includes an infrared thermal imager and a computer, and the experimental data is collected by an infrared thermal imager and a digital video camera, and the infrared thermal imager is respectively installed above, on the side and at the rear of the test stand body.

[0013] In the above-mentioned method for simulating the flow diffusion pattern of injection filling grout in the caving zone of the old mining cavern area, one end of the test stand body and the base are hingedly connected by a hinge.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides the following beneficial technical effects:

[0015] This invention proposes a simulation method for the injection filling grout flow diffusion pattern in the caving zone of old mining cavern area, by providing a direction-adjustable connection port on the side plate of the test stand body and improving the structure of the direction-adjustable connection port, when the water supply device injects water into the test stand body through the direction-adjustable connection port, the special design of the direction-adjustable connection port can control the water flow direction, and can realize the simulation of groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and flow velocities.

[0016] The present invention can realize grouting simulation for caving zones with different inclination angles by providing a lifting mechanism at one end of the test bench body.

[0017] According to the present invention, infrared thermal imagers are installed above, on the sides, and behind the test stand body, which can observe the patterns of grout diffusion, storage, and retention in the simulation structure without performing any destructive operations on the test structure. By arranging the infrared thermal imagers around the test stand while the test stand is in operation, a real-time and intuitive observation effect can be achieved, and the observation results can be directly reflected in the computer system, making it easier for researchers to analyze the test data.

[0018] From the above, compared with the prior art, the present invention can simultaneously simulate the geological structure of the old mining cavern area caving zone with different inclination angles, water conduction, grout diffusion in the water storage space, and groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and flow velocities, and can also intuitively observe the effect of grouting in real time. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] The invention will be further explained below in connection with the drawings. [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a direction-adjustable connection port. [Figure 3]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention simulating the horizontal flow direction of groundwater. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the state in which the device of the present invention simulates the flow direction of groundwater, which is an inclined direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] In the following, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Note that a connection relationship described in this application means a direct or indirect connection. For example, when A and B are connected, A and B may be directly connected, or A and B may be indirectly connected via one or more other electrical elements. For example, when A and C are directly connected and C and B are directly connected, A and B may be connected via C. Note that when "A is connected to B" described in this application, A and B may be directly connected, or A and B may be indirectly connected via one or more other electrical elements.

[0022] In the description of this application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only to distinguish between different objects and do not limit the number or order of execution, and the terms "first", "second", etc. do not necessarily limit different objects. Furthermore, the terms "include" and "comprise" and all variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.

[0023] The technical solution of the present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] The technical concept of the present invention is as follows: In the prior art, when simulating the grouting treatment of old cavern area caving zones, it is difficult to simulate the geological structure of old cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles and groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and flow velocities. Therefore, the present invention improves the test stand 1, and by providing a lifting device at the bottom of the test stand body 12 and using a water injection joint, it is possible to simultaneously simulate the geological structure of old cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles and groundwater flow fields with different flow directions and flow velocities.

[0025] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention mainly consists of four parts: a test stand 1, a grouting device 2, a water supply device 3, and a monitoring device 4, and the grouting device 2, the water supply device 3, and the monitoring device 4 are all connected to the test stand 1.

[0026] Regarding the above-mentioned test stand 1, one of the main improvements of the present invention is that the test stand 1 includes a test stand body 12 and a base 11, and the test stand body 12 is a rectangular structure composed of an upper plate 122, a lower plate, a left plate, a right plate, a front plate, and a rear plate. In order to facilitate observation of the grout diffusion effect within the test stand body 12, in the present invention, the left plate, the right plate, the front plate, the rear plate, and the upper plate are made of transparent acrylic plates.

[0027] Currently, all test stands 1 in the prior art are horizontal and cannot simulate geological structures in old mining cavern area caving zones with different inclination angles. However, the present invention provides a lifting mechanism 113 at one end of the test stand body 12, with the other end hingedly connected to the base 11 via a hinge 112. The lifting mechanism 113 adjusts the height of the test stand body to simulate geological structures with different inclination angles. More preferably, the lifting mechanism 113 is a hydraulic jack, and the angle of the test stand body 12 is adjusted by controlling the height of the hydraulic jack. This achieves the goal of simulating geological structures with different inclination angles. The specific structure and usage of the hydraulic jack can be realized by those skilled in the art with reference to the prior art, so detailed description is omitted here.

[0028] A direction-adjustable connection port 121 is provided on the side panel of the test stand main body 12, and the direction-adjustable connection port 121 is connected to the water supply device 3. The direction-adjustable connection port 121 includes a rotary pipe port 1211, a rotary shaft 1212, a spherical rotary structure 1213, a first screw portion 1214, and a second screw portion 1215. The rotary pipe port 1211 is connected to the spherical rotary structure 1213 via the rotary shaft 1212. The spherical rotary structure 1213 includes two spherical bodies parallel to each other and located on both sides of the rotary shaft 1212. The two spherical bodies can rotate in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1212. The water flow direction is adjusted by rotating the rotary shaft 1212 with the spherical bodies. The first screw portion 1214 is connected to the test stand body 12, the second screw portion 1215 is connected to the water supply pipe of the water supply device 3, the grouting device is connected to the grouting hole 123 in the upper plate 122, and the monitoring device 4 is connected to the test stand 1.

[0029] When the spherical rotating structure 1213 rotates, the rotation axis 1212 can be rotated. That is, by combining the spherical rotating structure 1213 and the rotation axis 1212, water flow in any direction within the test stand body 12 can be realized. Preferably, a plurality of direction-adjustable ports 121 are provided, and the water flow direction of each direction-adjustable port 121 is adjustable. By allowing water to be poured into one side of the test stand body 12 and drained from the other side, the flow direction of a groundwater flow field can be simulated. In the present invention, preferably, the front, rear, left, and right plates of the test stand body are all provided with direction-adjustable ports connected to a water supply device. When the groundwater flow direction is the direction shown in FIG. 3, the direction-adjustable ports on the left and right plates are opened, and the direction-adjustable ports on the front and rear plates are closed. At this time, the desired groundwater flow direction can be simulated by connecting the direction-adjustable connection port on the left plate to the water supply pipe 32 of the water supply device 3 and connecting the direction-adjustable connection port on the right plate to the return pipe 33 of the water supply device 3. If the groundwater flow direction is the direction shown in Figure 4, the direction-adjustable connection ports on the front, rear, left, and right plates can all be opened and adjusted to the direction shown in Figure 4, and the direction-adjustable connection ports on the left and rear plates can be connected to the water supply pipe 32 of the water supply device and the direction-adjustable connection ports on the right and front plates can be connected to the return pipe 33 of the water supply device, thereby simulating the desired groundwater flow direction.

[0030] The base 11 is provided with a water tank, a water tank filter port 111, and a water outlet. When the test stand is in operation or when the injection pipe is attached to the direction-adjustable connection port, water or grout leakage may occur due to operational problems or sealing performance. Therefore, by designing the water tank, water tank filter port, and waterproof port, the ground in the laboratory can be kept clean and the test stand can be easily cleaned after the experiment is completed.

[0031] The grouting equipment includes a grouting machine 22, a high-pressure grouting hose 24, a grouting pipe, a rubber pipe 23, and a grout storage tank 21, in which prepared grout is stored. The grouting machine 22 is connected to one end of the grouting pipe via the high-pressure grouting hose 24, and the grouting pipe is inserted through the grouting hole 123 in the upper plate 122 to perform grouting.

[0032] The water storage section 31 in the water supply device 3 is connected to the test stand main body 12 via a water supply pipe 32 and a water return pipe 33. A water supply valve is provided on the water supply pipe 32, and a water return valve is provided on the water return pipe 33. A pressure gauge is connected to the adapter at the connection port between the water supply pipe 32, the water return pipe 33 and the test stand main body 12.

[0033] The monitoring device 4 includes an infrared thermal imager 42 and a computer 41, and experimental data is collected by the infrared thermal imager 42 and a digital video camera. The infrared thermal imagers 42 are placed on the sides, rear, and top of the test stand body 12 to monitor the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of the test stand body 12, observing the experiment from all directions. Infrared thermal imaging technology has many advantages, including non-contact, non-destructive, and real-time. By using infrared thermal imaging technology to observe the temperature differences in different areas, it is possible to timely find grout blind spots inside the structure after grouting and change the position of the grouting holes 123 to further enhance the grouting effect.

[0034] In the following, in conjunction with the above-mentioned apparatus, a method for simulating the injection filling grout flow diffusion pattern of the old mining cavern area caving zone will be further described.

[0035] in particular, Step 1: Based on the results of geological exploration, we identify relevant parameters such as the dip angle of the coal seam and the groundwater conditions. Step 2 of assembling the test system described above; Step 3: Control the lifting mechanism 113 to adjust the angle of the test stand body 12 to meet the requirements of the experiment; Step 4: opening the upper plate 122 of the test stand body 12 and laying the simulation material inside the test stand body 12; Step 5: Adjust the drainage direction of the direction-adjustable connection port 121 and open the water supply valve to create a groundwater environment; Step 6: Inserting a grouting pipe through the grouting hole in the upper plate, and selecting and using a perforated pipe or an end pipe according to the needs of the experiment; Step 7: prepare grout and put it into the grout storage tank 21, start the grouting machine 22, and control the grouting amount and grouting pressure according to the needs of the experiment; and step 8, which includes starting the monitoring device 4, observing the grout diffusion effect in the test stand body 12, recording the experimental data, and after grouting is completed, organizing the experimental data, analyzing the grout diffusion effect and flow pattern, ending the experiment, and cleaning the experimental equipment.

[0036] The present invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples. [Example]

[0037] Example 1 In Step 1, based on the results of the geological exploration, it is determined that the dip angle of the coal seam is 26°, the strata have an overall strike close to north-south and a monoclinic structure dipping to the east, and the groundwater flow direction is from north to south.

[0038] In step 2, the test system of the present invention is installed.

[0039] In step 3, the lifting mechanism 113 is activated to adjust the angle of the test stand body 12 to 26° to meet the requirements of the experiment.

[0040] In step 4, the upper plate 122 of the test stand body 12 is opened, and simulation materials are laid in the test stand body 12, and the arrangement of different positions is carried out to reproduce the actual situation of the old mining cavern area caving zone as much as possible.

[0041] In step 5, the drainage direction of the direction-adjustable connection port 121 is adjusted so that one side is for inflow and the other side is for drainage, and the remaining direction-adjustable connection ports on both sides are closed to simulate the groundwater flow direction.

[0042] In step 6, the grouting pipe is inserted through the grouting hole in the upper plate, and either the perforated pipe or the end pipe can be selected according to the experimental needs.

[0043] In step 7, the grout is adjusted. The filling grout is a mixed grout of cement and fly ash, with a cement to fly ash ratio of 4:6 and a water / solid ratio of 1:1. The grout is put into the grout storage tank 21, and the grouting machine 22 is started. The grouting amount and grouting pressure are controlled according to the experimental needs.

[0044] In step 8, the monitoring device 4 is started to observe the grout diffusion effect in the test stand body 12, and the experimental data is recorded. After the grouting is completed, the experimental data is organized, the grout diffusion effect and flow pattern are analyzed, the experiment is terminated, and the experimental equipment is cleaned.

[0045] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are not used as limitations on the present application, but are merely used to illustrate the present application. Within the essential spirit of the present application, any appropriate modifications and changes made to the above examples are within the scope of the application's protection. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 1 test stand 2 Grouting equipment 3 Water supply device 4 Monitoring device 11. Base 12 Test stand body 111 Aquarium filter outlet 112 Hinge 113 Lifting mechanism 121 Adjustable Direction Connection Port 122 Upper plate 123 Grouting hole 21 Grout storage tank 22 Grouting machine 23 Rubber Tube 24 High-pressure grouting hose 31 Water storage section 32 Water supply pipe 33 Return pipe 41 Computer 42 Infrared Thermal Imager 1211 Rotating pipe nozzle 1212 Rotation axis 1213 Spherical Rotation Structure 1214 First screw part 1215 Second screw part

Claims

1. A method for simulating grout flow diffusion patterns in an old mining cavern area caving zone, comprising: Step 1 is to clarify the dip angle of the coal seam and the groundwater situation. Step 2 of preparing the necessary test system, the test system includes a test stand, a grouting device, a water supply device, and a monitoring device; The test stand includes a test stand body and a base, the test stand body being a rectangular parallelepiped structure composed of an upper plate, a lower plate, a left plate, a right plate, a front plate, and a rear plate, one end of the test stand body being hingedly connected to the base, and the other end being connected to the base via a lifting mechanism that adjusts the height of the test stand body to simulate different tilt angles; Step 2: the side plates of the test stand body are provided with one or more direction-adjustable ports, which are connected to a water supply device, and the flow direction of the water can be adjusted by adjusting each direction-adjustable port, the upper plate, lower plate, left plate, right plate, front plate and rear plate are all made of transparent acrylic plates, the direction-adjustable port includes a rotary pipe port, a rotary shaft, a spherical rotary structure, a first screw part and a second screw part, the rotary pipe port is connected to the spherical rotary structure via the rotary shaft, the first screw part is connected to the test stand body, and the second screw part is connected to the water injection pipe of the water supply device, the grouting device is connected to the grouting hole of the upper plate, and the monitoring device is connected to the test stand; Step 3: adjusting the lifting mechanism to set one end of the test stand body at a certain height; Step 4: laying the simulation material in the test stand body; Step 5: adjust the discharge direction of the direction-adjustable connection port, connect the supply pipe and return pipe of the water supply device, start the water supply device, and simulate the flow direction of the groundwater flow field; Step 6: Inserting a grouting pipe connected to a grouting device through the grouting hole in the upper plate, wherein a perforated pipe or an end pipe is selected and used according to the experiment; Step 7: start the grouting device, control the grouting amount and grouting pressure, start the monitoring device, observe the grout diffusion effect in the test stand body, and record the experimental data; Step 8: after completing the grouting, collating the experimental data and analyzing the diffusion effect and flow pattern of the grout; The monitoring device includes an infrared thermal imager and a computer, and experimental data is collected by an infrared thermal imager and a digital video camera, and the infrared thermal imagers are respectively attached to the upper, side, and rear of the test stand body; The spherical rotating structure includes two spherical bodies that are parallel to each other and located on both sides of the rotation axis, and the two spherical bodies are rotatable in the axial direction of the rotation axis. The water flow direction is adjusted by rotating the rotation axis with the spherical bodies. Simulation method for grout flow diffusion pattern in old mining cavern area caving zone characterized by injection filling.

2. The lifting mechanism is a hydraulic jack, and the angle of the test stand body is adjusted by controlling the height of the hydraulic jack. The method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern of old mining cavern area caving zone as claimed in claim 1.

3. The base is provided with a water tank, a water tank filter port, and a water outlet. The method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern of old mining cavern area caving zone as claimed in claim 1.

4. The grouting device includes a grouting machine, a high-pressure grouting hose, a grouting pipe, a rubber pipe, and a grout storage tank. The grout storage tank stores prepared grout. The grouting machine communicates with one end of the grouting pipe through the high-pressure grouting hose. The grouting pipe is inserted into the test stand body through the grouting hole in the upper plate to perform grouting. The method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern of old mining cavern area caving zone as claimed in claim 1.

5. The water supply device includes a water storage section, a water supply pipe, and a water return pipe. The water supply pipe is provided with a water supply valve, the water return pipe is provided with a water return valve, and a pressure gauge is provided at the connection between the water supply pipe, the water return pipe, and the direction-adjustable connection port. The method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern of old mining cavern area caving zone as claimed in claim 1.

6. One end of the test stand body and the base are hingedly connected by a hinge. The method for simulating the grout flow diffusion pattern of old mining cavern area caving zone as claimed in claim 1.

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