Battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and battery

Abstract

This application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and a battery, mainly solving the problem that a safety hazard is caused by high-temperature smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is used to treat the thermal runaway smoke generated after the thermal runaway of the battery to improve the safety of the battery.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices and batteries. [Background technology]

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries have a wide range of applications, and in recent years, as lithium-ion batteries have further developed in the field of energy storage, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Due to their principles and structural characteristics, lithium-ion batteries often generate a large amount of heat during repeated use due to internal resistance. This heat gradually increases, and if the accumulated heat cannot be effectively released, the temperature will continue to rise. When the temperature reaches a critical point, the battery's thermal balance is disrupted, causing a series of self-heating side reactions, which generate large amounts of flammable gases and lead to the phenomenon of "thermal runaway." The main components of battery thermal runaway gases are various flammable gases such as CO, H2, hydrocarbons, and acid gases such as HF, HCN, HCl, and PF5, as well as electrolyte vapor. The above-mentioned thermal runaway smoke can lead to internal fires and, in severe cases, explosions, posing a safety hazard.

[0003] CN114597537A provides a battery module structure including multiple exhaust channels, a siding plate, and a power storage unit. The multiple exhaust channels are independently located at the bottom of a lower housing. The siding plate is fixedly connected to the lower housing and closes the multiple exhaust channels. The siding plate includes multiple heat dissipation holes that communicate with the exhaust channels. The power storage unit is fixedly connected to the siding plate and includes multiple cells that correspond one-to-one to the multiple heat dissipation holes. In this battery module structure, the independent exhaust channels located at the bottom of the lower housing can directionally exhaust high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by thermal runaway of the cells. While this structure can directionally exhaust thermal runaway gas, the emitted thermal runaway smoke pollutes the environment and the high-temperature thermal runaway gas can cause secondary explosions, posing certain safety risks. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device and a battery to solve the problem that high-temperature smoke generated by battery thermal runaway poses a safety hazard. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The technical solution of the present application to achieve the above object is as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device for treating thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway. Specifically, the present application provides the following several forms of battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

[0007] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit, wherein the cooling unit includes N cooling cans connected in series, each having a cooling passage for passing a coolant and a smoke passage for passing battery thermal runaway smoke, and the cooling cans are provided with a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the adsorption unit includes M adsorption cans connected in series, each filled with an adsorbent material, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the smoke intake of the first adsorption can is connected to the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling can, and the battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cans and then adsorbed by the adsorption cans. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device uses liquid cooling, which, compared to solid cooling, has a larger heat capacity of the liquid medium, a better cooling effect, and allows for power circulation, which more efficiently performs the subsequent adsorption process and further ensures battery safety.

[0008] Furthermore, a smoke tube is provided inside the cooling can, the internal cavity of the smoke tube is the smoke passage, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the smoke tube is the cooling passage. This method is advantageous for installing the cooling passage and the smoke passage inside the cooling can, thereby simplifying the structure of the cooling can.

[0009] Furthermore, the smoke tubes are arranged in a spiral shape inside the cooling can to lengthen the travel distance of the battery thermal runaway smoke so as to more thoroughly cool the thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption process is related to pressure. The higher the pressure, the faster the adsorption proceeds. As the pressure increases, the adsorption phenomenon becomes more pronounced. Therefore, after pressure builds up, the adsorbed material is adsorbed onto the surface of the adsorbent. Based on this, the smoke intake port of the adsorption can is located at the top end of the adsorption can, and the smoke exhaust port is located at the bottom end of the adsorption can. Furthermore, the adsorption can is preferentially installed in a pressure-resistant can body that can withstand relatively large pressures, thereby enhancing the adsorption effect.

[0010] Furthermore, a reflux can is further provided at the smoke outlet of at least one cooling can, the number of which is determined according to the number of batteries, and may be provided at the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling can, or may be provided at the smoke outlets of multiple cooling cans simultaneously. When installed, the reflux can is installed at a height lower than the height of the smoke outlet of the cooling can and is used to collect the liquid medium remaining after the thermal runaway smoke has condensed. The reflux can may be circular or rectangular, and its structure may be diverse. It can collect the liquid medium remaining after the thermal runaway smoke has condensed. Because the main component of the liquid medium is liquid electrolyte, collecting it can prevent the electrolyte in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke from being vaporized by new high-temperature smoke after cooling and liquefying and being carried back into the smoke passage. Collecting it reduces the amount of smoke that needs to be processed by the adsorbent material and avoids the risk of the electrolyte exploding or burning later.

[0011] Furthermore, a gas collection unit is further installed at the smoke outlet of the Mth adsorption canister to collect the thermal runaway smoke after treatment, completely avoiding the environmental impact of the thermal runaway smoke and the risk of secondary explosions. The cooling liquid is water or ethylene glycol solution, and the adsorption material is activated carbon, molecular sieve, or aluminum oxide, and the use of these materials can further reduce the cost of the entire device.

[0012] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit arranged in sequence, and the cooling unit is filled with a cooling material for reducing the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device, a second adsorption device, and a third adsorption device arranged in sequence, and the first adsorption device is filled with a basic adsorption material for adsorbing acidic gases, the second adsorption device is filled with a polar molecular adsorption material for adsorbing polar molecules, and the third adsorption device is filled with a nonpolar molecular adsorption material for adsorbing nonpolar molecules.

[0013] The system further includes a reflux can, the exhaust section of which is connected to the intake section of the cooling unit, the reflux can having an installation height lower than that of the cooling unit, and used to collect the condensed electrolyte.

[0014] Furthermore, the intake section of the first adsorption device and the exhaust section of the cooling device are connected via a connecting pipe, the intake section of the second adsorption device and the exhaust section of the first adsorption device are connected via a connecting pipe, and the intake section of the third adsorption device and the exhaust section of the second adsorption device are connected via a connecting pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the cooling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, or honeycomb ceramics, the basic adsorbent material is an SDG-I type adsorbent or an SDG-II type adsorbent, the polar molecular adsorbent material is zeolite, and the non-polar molecular adsorbent material is activated carbon.

[0016] Additionally, a gas collection unit connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorber.

[0017] The above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other, the reaction unit includes N reaction devices connected in series, and the reaction device is provided with a reactant that can chemically react with flammable gas and / or acidic gas to convert the flammable gas into a non-flammable gas and convert the acidic gas into a non-flammable substance or reduce its corrosiveness, where N is an integer of 1 or more, the adsorption unit includes M adsorption devices connected in series, and the adsorption device is filled with a cooling material and / or an adsorption material for performing cooling and / or adsorption treatment on the thermal runaway smoke after the reaction, where M is an integer of 1 or more.

[0018] Furthermore, the reactant is a metal oxide and / or a basic compound, and the metal oxide is used to undergo a reduction reaction with a flammable gas to convert the flammable gas into a non-flammable gas, and the basic compound is used to undergo a neutralization reaction with an acidic gas to convert the acidic gas into a non-flammable substance or reduce its corrosiveness.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal oxide is one or more of reduced copper oxide, cuprous oxide, ferric oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, and tungsten oxide; the basic compound is one or more of a strong base, a strong base with a weak acid salt, and a basic organic substance; the cooling material is one or a combination of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide; and the adsorbent material is one or a combination of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, and porous glass.

[0020] Furthermore, adjacent reactors and / or adsorbers are connected in series by elbows, forming a buffer reflux cavity within the elbow through which the thermal runaway fumes pass, and a gas collection bag is further connected to the outlet of the last adsorber to collect the treated thermal runaway fumes.

[0021] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device, wherein the cooling unit includes N cooling devices connected in series, and the cooling devices are filled with a first cooling substance for cooling the thermal runaway smoke, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the dilution unit is used to generate diluted gas and / or diluted smoke, and the diluted gas and / or diluted smoke are mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device to reduce the concentration of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke, making it non-combustible.

[0022] Further, the dilution unit includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generating agent, and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting thermal runaway smoke, causing the dilution device to generate aerosol smoke that is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device.

[0023] Furthermore, a second cooling substance for cooling the diluted gas, diluted smoke and / or mixed gas is further provided in the dilution device and / or the mixing device.

[0024] Furthermore, the first cooling material is a physical cooling material, the second cooling material is a physical cooling material and / or a chemical cooling material, the physical cooling material is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and the chemical cooling material is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates.

[0025] Furthermore, adjacent cooling devices are connected in series by hoses or elbows, within which a buffer reflux cavity is formed through which thermal runaway fumes pass.

[0026] The adsorption unit further includes at least one adsorption device, which is provided at the outlet end of the Nth cooling device and has an adsorption material therein for adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke after the cooling process, and the thermal runaway smoke after the adsorption process is mixed with the dilution gas and / or the diluted smoke in the mixing device.

[0027] Furthermore, a gas collection unit is further connected to the outlet of the mixer for collecting the treated thermal runaway fumes.

[0028] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing having a baffle that separates the internal cavity of the cooling housing into a cooling cavity and a reflux cavity, and a cooling material filled in the cooling cavity for cooling the thermal runaway smoke. The baffle has a passage, and the reflux cavity is located below the cooling cavity and is used to collect the cooled electrolyte. The cooling housing has an air intake and an exhaust port. The thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air intake and is cooled by the cooling material before being discharged from the exhaust port. The cooled electrolyte flows into the reflux cavity.

[0029] Furthermore, the intake port is provided above the baffle, and the exhaust port is provided at the top end of the cooling housing.

[0030] Furthermore, the cooling housing is provided with a drain valve for discharging the electrolyte in the reflux cavity.

[0031] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing and a honeycomb ceramic column body, the cooling housing includes at least a first housing and a second housing, the first housing and the second housing are surrounded to form a sealed cavity, the honeycomb ceramic column body is provided in the sealed cavity, the first housing and / or the second housing are provided with an air intake port and an exhaust port, the thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air intake port, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body, and is discharged from the exhaust port.

[0032] Furthermore, the porous structure of the honeycomb ceramic column body is provided with a metal coating for adsorbing flammable gases in thermal runaway smoke, and the metal coating is at least one of a rhodium layer, a platinum layer, and a palladium layer.

[0033] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke, which is mainly composed of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid that is compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that treats the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke so as to make the acidic gas unburnable.

[0034] Furthermore, the electrolyte adsorbent is an electrolyte activity inhibitor, the flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid.

[0035] Furthermore, the electrolyte activity inhibitor includes one or more of a liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber; the liquid organic ether includes one or more of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylmethyltetrahydrofuran, benzenes, and biphenyl; the liquid flame retardant includes one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, methyl dimethyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl)phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone; and the ionic liquid includes one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles.

[0036] Furthermore, the composition mainly comprises 20 to 50 parts by volume of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 to 60 parts by volume of a liquid flame retardant, and 5 to 30 parts by volume of an ionic liquid.

[0037] The liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke is used to treat lithium battery thermal runaway smoke.

[0038] The present application further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of the above aspects. [Effects of the Invention]

[0039] The technical solution of the present application has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0040] 1. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the temperature of the battery thermal runaway smoke is sufficiently reduced after passing through the smoke passage in the cooling can, which helps to improve the smoke absorption capacity of the subsequent adsorption can and ensures that the gas emitted from the adsorption can's smoke outlet is as non-flammable as possible, thereby significantly improving safety. In addition, cooling and treating battery thermal runaway smoke at the front end can extend the service life of the rear end adsorption unit.

[0041] 2. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the cooling unit, first adsorption device, second adsorption device, and third adsorption device are arranged in sequence, and the thermal runaway smoke undergoes a cooling and adsorption process, ensuring that high-temperature flammable and harmful gases are sufficiently adsorbed, avoiding the risk of fire, explosion, etc., and improving battery safety. The cooling unit is arranged before the adsorption unit, preventing the adverse impact on the adsorption performance of the adsorption material in the adsorption unit caused by the thermal runaway smoke being too high, improving the adsorption effect of the adsorption material, ensuring more thorough adsorption, and improving battery safety.

[0042] 3. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the polar molecular adsorbent material in the second adsorption device is a basic component. By placing the first adsorption device before the second adsorption device, acidic gases such as HF, HS, HCl, and PF5 in thermal runaway smoke can be adsorbed, preventing the acidic gases in thermal runaway smoke from reacting with the polar molecular adsorbent material and adversely affecting the adsorption performance of the second adsorption device. This improves the adsorption effect of the polar molecular adsorbent material, further improving the adsorption efficiency of the second adsorption device and improving battery safety. The nonpolar molecular adsorbent material in the third adsorption device has a nonpolar surface and has an affinity for nonpolar molecules such as H2 and hydrocarbons in thermal runaway smoke. By placing the second adsorption device before the third adsorption device, it can adsorb polar molecular gases such as CO and water vapor in thermal runaway smoke. This improves the purity of nonpolar molecular gases such as H2 and hydrocarbons in thermal runaway smoke, improves the adsorption effect of the nonpolar molecular adsorbent material, improves the adsorption efficiency of the third adsorption device, and improves battery safety.

[0043] 4. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the flammable gases and / or acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke are first chemically treated with a reactant to convert the flammable gases and acidic gases into non-flammable gases and non-flammable substances or reduce the corrosiveness of the acidic gases, thereby reducing the proportion of flammable gases and acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke. Subsequently, the device is treated with a cooling material and / or an adsorbent material. The small droplets of electrolyte volatilized at high temperatures are cooled by the cooling material and then returned to the reflux cavity, and the remaining flammable gases are adsorbed by the adsorbent material. This allows the device to more thoroughly treat battery thermal runaway smoke and ensures that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-flammable, thereby significantly improving safety.

[0044] 5. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, by passing the battery thermal runaway smoke through a reaction unit, flammable gases and acidic gases can be converted into non-flammable gases and non-flammable substances, and the corrosiveness of the acidic gases can be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of cooling material and adsorption material used at the rear end, reducing the cost of the rear end adsorption device, and extending the service life of the rear end adsorption device.

[0045] 6. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the adjacent reactor and / or adsorption device are assembled using elbows, making installation and removal easy. This makes it applicable to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and does not require any changes to the structure of existing batteries, resulting in low treatment costs and a wide range of applications.

[0046] 7. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the thermal runaway smoke is first cooled using a cooling material, and the small droplets of electrolyte that volatilize at high temperatures are cooled by the cooling material and then returned to the reflux cavity. Subsequently, diluted gas and / or diluted smoke is generated by the dilution unit, and the diluted gas and / or diluted smoke is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling in the mixing device, thereby reducing the concentration and proportion of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke and making it non-combustible. This allows the device to more thoroughly treat battery thermal runaway smoke and ensures that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible, thereby significantly improving battery safety.

[0047] 8. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled using a cooling material, and the electrolyte that volatilizes at high temperatures is cooled by the cooling material and then returned to the return cavity, thereby reducing the concentration and proportion of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke, making the gas discharged from the exhaust port non-flammable and significantly improving the safety of the battery.

[0048] 9. In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application, the reflux cavity is installed below the cooling cavity and is used to collect the cooled electrolyte. This prevents the electrolyte in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke from being liquefied after cooling and then vaporized by new high-temperature smoke and being carried back into the cooling cavity, thereby ensuring more thorough treatment and improving battery safety. The baffle has a funnel-shaped structure, which makes it easier for the cooled electrolyte to flow into the reflux cavity. The cooling housing is a cylindrical cooling housing with good pressure resistance, and its structure is stable and resistant to deformation.

[0049] 10. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application includes a cooling housing and a honeycomb ceramic column body installed within the cooling housing, the honeycomb ceramic column body having a porous structure that is stable, easy to install, uniformly filters, allows smoke to pass through for a long distance, improves thermal shock resistance, effectively cools thermal runaway smoke, ensures that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-flammable, avoids the risk of secondary explosions, and significantly improves battery safety. Furthermore, the honeycomb ceramic column body has a column body structure that allows for easy installation and removal, and the cooling device formed with the cooling housing is a modular device that allows for easy assembly and removal.

[0050] 11. The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke of this application mainly consists of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in thermal runaway smoke and prevent its decomposition and evaporation. The flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in thermal runaway smoke, and the acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that can treat the acidic gas in thermal runaway smoke so that the acidic gas becomes non-flammable. After the thermal runaway gas passes through these adsorbent liquids, the electrolyte, flammable gas, and acidic gas in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-flammable, improving the purification effect and significantly improving the safety of lithium batteries. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0051] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 1. FIG. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling can in Example 1. FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an adsorption can in Example 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 2. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling can in Example 2. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cooling can in Example 3. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 4. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 5. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 7. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a porous plate is provided in an adsorption device in Example 7. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 8. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure including a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 9. [Figure 13] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 10. [Figure 14] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a partially enlarged structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 10. [Figure 15] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 11. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 12. [Figure 17] 1 is a schematic diagram 1 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 14. [Figure 18] 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 14. [Figure 19] 3 is a schematic diagram 3 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 14. [Figure 20] 1 is a schematic diagram 1 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 16. [Figure 21] 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 16. [Figure 22] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a honeycomb ceramic column body in Example 16. [Figure 23] 1 is a schematic diagram 1 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 17. [Figure 24] 2 is a schematic diagram 2 of the structure of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in Example 17. [Figure 25] 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling system for battery thermal runaway smoke in Example 18. [Figure 26] Schematic diagram 2 of the cooling system for battery thermal runaway smoke in Example 18. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 11...cooling can, 12...adsorption can, 13...reflux can, 14...gas collection unit, 111...cooling passage, 112...smoke tube, 113...smoke passage, 114...cooling inlet, 115...cooling outlet, 116...smoke inlet, 117...smoke outlet, 118...partition plate, 119...smoke intake port, 120...smoke exhaust port, 121...porous plate, 122...adsorption cavity, 123...spring, 124...connecting rod, 21...cell assembly, 22...cooling unit, 23...first adsorption unit, 24...second adsorption unit, 25...third adsorption unit, 26...reflux can, 27...gas collection unit, 31...reactor, 32...adsorption device, 33...elbow, 34...porous plate, 35...connecting rod, 36...spring, 37...cell housing, 41...cooling device, 42...dilution device, 43...mixing device position, 44...sensor switch, 45...elbow, 46...adsorption device, 47...gas collection unit, 51...cooling housing, 511...intake port, 512...exhaust port, 52...baffle, 521...passage, 53...cooling cavity, 54...reflux cavity, 55...porous plate, 56...connecting rod, 57...positioning stand, 58...drain valve, 61...battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device, 62...hose, 63...cooling reflux can, 64...gas collection device, 611...cooling housing, 612...honeycomb ceramic column body, 613...intake port, 614...exhaust port, 615...spring, 616...position limiting protrusion, 6111...intermediate cylinder, 6112...first cover plate, 6113...second cover plate, 6114...first semicircular housing, 6115...second semicircular housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0053] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0054] Example 1 The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit, the cooling unit including at least one cooling can, and if there are multiple cooling cans, the multiple cooling cans are connected in series, each cooling can having a cooling passage through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes, and the cooling can also having a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage, the cooling passage and the smoke passage being independent passages so that the thermal runaway smoke and the coolant do not interfere with each other when passing through, and the coolant can absorb the heat in the thermal runaway smoke and cool it. The adsorption unit includes at least one adsorption can, and if there are multiple adsorption cans, the multiple adsorption cans are connected in series, each adsorption can filled with adsorbent material, the smoke intake of the first adsorption can is connected to the smoke outlet of the Nth adsorption can, and the battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cans and then adsorbed by the adsorption cans. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment can sufficiently cool the thermal runaway smoke with the cooling liquid in the cooling passage, allowing the subsequent adsorption process to be carried out more efficiently, thereby further ensuring the safety of the battery. Adsorption is a heat dissipation process. From a thermodynamic perspective, a decrease in temperature favors adsorption, and an increase in temperature favors desorption. Therefore, after the thermal runaway smoke enters, the liquid is cooled first, and after cooling, its temperature reaches room temperature, allowing the subsequent adsorption process to be carried out.

[0055] In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment, thermal runaway smoke is cooled with a cooling liquid in a cooling can. Compared to some methods that use a solid cooling material in a cooling can, liquid cooling has many advantages, including cooling efficiency, cost, and structure. First, liquid media have a large heat capacity, allow for power circulation, and have good cooling effects, allowing for rapid and sufficient cooling of thermal runaway smoke. Therefore, compared to solid cooling materials, liquid cooling has the advantages of a fast cooling rate, power circulation, and good cooling effects when treating the same volume of thermal runaway smoke. Second, when using liquid cooling, cooling liquids such as water or ethylene glycol solution can be used. Water or ethylene glycol solution is significantly less expensive than solid cooling materials such as ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, and silicon dioxide, further reducing the overall cost of the cooling unit. Finally, the cooling can can be installed and filled with the cooling liquid on-site, avoiding the hassle of installing a solid cooling material on-site and eliminating the need for various caulking components required for installing the solid cooling material, further reducing the cost of the cooling unit.

[0056] 1 to 3, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes two cooling cans 11 connected in series, each of which has a cooling passage 111 through which a coolant flows and a smoke passage 113 through which battery thermal runaway smoke flows. The adsorption unit includes two adsorption cans 12 connected in series, each of which is filled with an adsorption material. The smoke intake of the first adsorption can 12 is connected to the smoke outlet of the second adsorption can 11. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling can 11 and then adsorbed by the adsorption can 12. A reflux can 13 is provided between the smoke intake of the first adsorption can 12 and the smoke outlet of the second adsorption can 11. The reflux can 13 collects the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke in the cooling can 11 has condensed.

[0057] 2, in this embodiment, a straight smoke tube 112 is provided within the cooling can 11. The internal cavity of the smoke tube 112 is the smoke passage 113, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the smoke tube 112 is the cooling passage 111, i.e., the cavity between the outer wall of the smoke tube 112 and the inner wall of the cooling can 11 is the cooling passage 111. A cooling inlet 114 and a cooling outlet 115 communicated by the cooling passage 111 are provided in the side wall of the cooling can 11. The cooling inlet 114 may be located at the upper or lower end of the cooling can 11, and the corresponding cooling outlet 115 may be located at the lower or upper end of the cooling can 11. The smoke inlet 116 of the smoke passage 113 is located at the top end of the cooling can 11, and the smoke outlet 117 is located at the bottom end of the cooling can 11. This approach is advantageous for installing the cooling passage and the smoke passage within the cooling can, thereby simplifying the structure of the cooling can.

[0058] As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the adsorption canister 12 can be specifically manufactured using a circular barrel, both ends of which can be sealed with end caps (not shown in FIG. 3). A plurality of porous plates 121 are provided within the adsorption canister 12, spaced apart. Two adjacent porous plates 121 are axially connected via a connecting rod 124 with threads on both ends. That is, both ends of the connecting rod 124 pass through the porous plates 121, and then secured by nuts. In this case, the two adjacent porous plates 121 form adsorption cavities 122 with the inner wall of the adsorption canister 12. When there are two porous plates 121, one adsorption cavity 122 is formed. When there are four porous plates 121, two adsorption cavities 122 are formed. The adsorption material is filled in some or all of the adsorption cavities. This structure ensures the adsorption material is attached securely, thereby further ensuring the adsorption effect. Preferably, a spring 123 is provided at one or both ends of the adsorption canister 12. One end of the spring 123 is restrained by the porous plate 121, and the other end is restrained by the adsorption canister 12. This spring 123 is used to crimp and densify the adsorption material and also provides a buffering effect. In this embodiment, the coolant is water, and the adsorption material is activated carbon, molecular sieve, or aluminum oxide. Compared with adsorption materials such as graphite, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass, the use of activated carbon, molecular sieve, or aluminum oxide further reduces the cost of the entire device.

[0059] The adsorption process is related to pressure. High pressure accelerates adsorption. As the pressure increases, the adsorption phenomenon becomes more pronounced. Therefore, after pressure buildup, the material to be adsorbed is more easily adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent. Since the thermal runaway gas enters the adsorption chamber from above, the adsorption chamber's smoke intake port is located at the top end and the smoke exhaust port is located at the bottom end. Furthermore, configuring the adsorption chamber as a pressure-resistant chamber, preferably a circular chamber, is advantageous for sufficient adsorption and significantly improves the adsorption effect.

[0060] Example 2 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit includes one cooling can 11, each of which has a cooling passage 111 through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage 113 through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes. The adsorption unit includes three adsorption cans 12 connected in series, each of which is filled with adsorption material. The cooling can 11 has a cooling inlet 114 and a cooling outlet 115 connected to the cooling passage 111, and a smoke inlet 116 and a smoke outlet 117 connected to the smoke passage 113. The smoke intake 119 of the first adsorption can 12 is connected to the smoke outlet 117 of the first cooling can 11. The battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling can 11 and then adsorbed by the adsorption can 12. In addition, in this embodiment, a reflux can 13 is further provided at the smoke outlet 117 of the cooling can 11. In this case, the installation height of the reflux can 13 is lower than the height of the smoke outlet 117 of the cooling can 11, and it is used to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke condenses.

[0061] In this embodiment, a gas collection unit 14 is further connected to the smoke exhaust port 120 of the last adsorption canister 12 to collect the treated battery thermal runaway smoke, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by the leakage of flammable gas due to thermal runaway.

[0062] As shown in FIG. 5, the smoke pipe 112 in this embodiment has a helical structure, i.e., a spiral pipe structure. In this case, the inlet and outlet of the spiral pipe are the smoke inlet 116 and the smoke outlet 117, respectively. The upper open end of the cooling can 11 is the cooling inlet 114, and the protruding pipe installed on the lower side wall of the cooling can is the cooling outlet 115. The helical structure of the smoke pipe 112 not only lengthens the travel distance of the thermal runaway gas in the smoke pipe 112, but also increases the contact area between the smoke pipe 112 and the cooling passage 111, thereby achieving a good cooling effect.

[0063] 3, in this embodiment, a circular can is used as the adsorption canister 12, which has excellent force-bearing and pressure-resistant properties. The adsorption canister 12 contains a plurality of porous plates 121 spaced apart from one another. Two adjacent porous plates 121 are axially connected via a connecting rod 124 with threads at both ends. The ends of the connecting rod 124 pass through the porous plates 121 and are then fastened by nuts. In this case, the two adjacent porous plates 121 form adsorption cavities 122 with the inner wall of the adsorption canister 12. Two porous plates 121 form one adsorption cavity 122, while four porous plates 121 form two adsorption cavities 122. The adsorption material is filled in some or all of the adsorption cavities. Preferably, in this embodiment, a spring 123 is further provided in the smoke inlet section and / or outlet section of the adsorption canister 12, one end of which is restricted in position by the porous plate 121 and the other end by the adsorption canister 12, and is used to crimp and densify the adsorption material so as to adequately adsorb thermal runaway smoke. This structure also has a cushioning effect, improves the vibration resistance and stability of the internal structure of the adsorption canister, and prevents the adsorption material from loosening even in the event of temperature changes, transportation, vibration, etc.

[0064] The adsorbent material filled in the adsorption cavity in this embodiment adsorbs the cooled flammable gas, liquid, and solid substances, thereby significantly reducing the amount of flammable gas and the total amount of gas discharged into the environment. In this way, the temperature of the flammable gas in the gas discharged after passing through the smoke passage and adsorption cavity is reduced to below its spontaneous ignition point, and the gas concentration is reduced to below its lower explosive limit, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosion and fire caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution.

[0065] Example 3 6, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit. It differs from Embodiment 2 in that the cooling can 11 in this embodiment is provided with a partition plate 118 that divides the cooling can 11 into a cooling passage 111 through which a coolant flows and a smoke passage 113 through which battery thermal runaway smoke flows, and the cooling passage 111 and the smoke passage 113 are independent cavities. In this case, the cooling inlet 114 of the cooling passage 111 and the smoke inlet 116 of the smoke passage 113 are located at the top of the cooling can 11, and the cooling outlet 115 of the cooling passage 111 and the smoke outlet 117 of the smoke passage 113 are located at the bottom of the cooling can 11. In this embodiment, the arrangement and internal structure of the cooling can 11 and the adsorption can 12 are not particularly limited as long as they can meet the requirements for use, and the adsorption material inside the adsorption can 12 may be partially or completely filled to meet different requirements. When the battery thermal runaway smoke passes through the smoke passage, the temperature and flow rate of the smoke can be reduced, thereby improving the amount of smoke adsorption by the rear end adsorption cavity 122 and helping to ensure that the gas discharged from the exhaust port is non-combustible.

[0066] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices in Examples 1, 2, and 3 are connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe on a battery, battery pack, or electrical storage device housing. When a battery experiences thermal runaway and the explosion vent opens, high-temperature materials inside the battery enter the smoke passage through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe. The coolant in the cooling passage reduces the temperature, reducing the activity of some solid particles in the high-temperature materials and re-condensing the vaporized electrolyte. After cooling, the various materials passing through the smoke passage enter the adsorption cavity, where the adsorbent material in the adsorption cavity adsorbs all the liquid and most of the flammable gases. The remaining gases are then vented or collected. Because the various materials generated after a battery's thermal runaway are cooled, adsorbed, and then vented by the device, there is no risk of explosion, fire, or other hazards.

[0067] Example 4 As shown in Figure 7, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device that includes a cooling unit 22 and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit 22 is filled with a cooling material such as honeycomb ceramics or silicon dioxide, which can reduce the temperature and flow rate of thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device 23, a second adsorption device 24, and a third adsorption device 25, arranged in sequence. The first adsorption device 23 is filled with a basic adsorption material that adsorbs acidic gases. In this embodiment, the basic adsorption material is an SDG-I adsorbent or calcium oxide. The SDG-I adsorbent has a high adsorption efficiency for acidic gases and a more thorough adsorption effect than general adsorbents. The second adsorption device 24 is filled with a polar molecule adsorbent that adsorbs polar molecules. In this embodiment, the polar molecule adsorbent material is zeolite or diatomaceous earth, which has a high adsorption efficiency for polar molecules and a more thorough adsorption effect than general adsorbents, and the third adsorption device 25 is filled with a nonpolar molecule adsorbent material for adsorbing nonpolar molecules, which is activated carbon or carbon nanotubes, which has a high adsorption efficiency for nonpolar molecules and a more thorough adsorption effect than general adsorbents. Specifically, when connected, the intake section of the first adsorption device 23 communicates with the exhaust section of the cooling device 22 via a connecting pipe, the intake section of the second adsorption device 24 communicates with the exhaust section of the first adsorption device 23 via a connecting pipe, and the intake section of the third adsorption device 25 communicates with the exhaust section of the second adsorption device 24 via a connecting pipe.

[0068] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 22, first adsorption device 23, second adsorption device 24, and third adsorption device 25 are installed sequentially. By installing the cooling unit 22 before the adsorption devices, the temperature of the thermal runaway smoke can be prevented from being too high, which would adversely affect the adsorption performance of the adsorption material in the adsorption device. This improves the adsorption efficiency of the adsorption material, resulting in more thorough adsorption and improved battery safety. The polar molecular adsorbent in the second adsorption device 24 is a basic component. By installing the first adsorption device 23 before the second adsorption device 24, the first adsorption device 23 can adsorb acidic gases such as HF, HS, HCl, and PF5 in the thermal runaway smoke, preventing the acidic gases in the thermal runaway smoke from reacting with the polar molecular adsorption material and adversely affecting the adsorption performance of the second adsorption device 24. This improves the adsorption efficiency of the polar molecular adsorption material, thereby improving the adsorption efficiency of the second adsorption device 24 and improving battery safety. The nonpolar molecular adsorbent material in the third adsorption device 25 has a nonpolar surface and has an affinity for nonpolar molecules such as H2 and hydrocarbons in thermal runaway smoke. By installing the second adsorption device 24 before the third adsorption device 25, it can adsorb polar molecular gases such as CO and water vapor in thermal runaway smoke, thereby improving the purity of nonpolar molecular gases such as H2 and hydrocarbons in thermal runaway smoke, improving the adsorption effect of the polar molecular adsorbent material, improving the adsorption efficiency of the third adsorption device 25, and improving battery safety. After the above cooling and adsorption process, the thermal runaway smoke fully adsorbs high-temperature flammable and harmful gases, preventing risks such as fire and explosion and significantly improving battery safety.

[0069] Example 5 As shown in Figure 8, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device including a cooling unit 22 and an adsorption unit. The cooling unit 22 is filled with a cooling material, which is zirconium oxide, to reduce the temperature and flow rate of thermal runaway smoke. The adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device 23, a second adsorption device 24, and a third adsorption device 25 arranged in sequence. The first adsorption device 23 is filled with a basic adsorption material. In this embodiment, the basic adsorption material is an SDG-II type adsorbent that adsorbs acidic gases. The second adsorption device 24 is filled with a polar molecular adsorption material, which is zeolite, that adsorbs polar molecules. The third adsorption device 25 is filled with a nonpolar molecular adsorption material, which is activated carbon, that adsorbs nonpolar molecules. The intake section of the first adsorption device 23 is connected to the exhaust section of the cooling device 22 via a connecting pipe, the intake section of the second adsorption device 24 is connected to the exhaust section of the first adsorption device 23 via a connecting pipe, and the intake section of the third adsorption device 25 is connected to the exhaust section of the second adsorption device 24 via a connecting pipe.

[0070] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 22, the first adsorption device 23, the second adsorption device 24, and the third adsorption device 25 are provided with porous mesh plates for fixing and crimping the cooling material, basic adsorption material, polar molecular adsorption material, and nonpolar molecular adsorption material. The cooling material can be silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, or honeycomb ceramics. The basic adsorption material can be SDG-I adsorbent, SDG-II adsorbent, calcium oxide, or aluminum oxide. The polar molecular adsorption material can be zeolite or diatomaceous earth. The nonpolar molecular adsorption material can be activated carbon or carbon nanotubes. Specific materials can be selected and adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0071] In another embodiment, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device further includes a reflux can 26, the exhaust section of which is connected to the intake section of the cooling unit 22, and the installation height of the reflux can 26 is lower than that of the cooling unit 22. The reflux can 26 can collect the condensed electrolyte, allowing the electrolyte to be recycled and reused, saving costs, and the installation height of the reflux can lower than that of the cooling unit, making it easier to collect the condensed electrolyte.

[0072] In another embodiment, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device further includes a gas collection unit 27, which is connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorption device 25, and the gas collection unit 27 can collect the thermal runaway smoke after adsorption and further process it, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0073] Example 6 This embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in the above-mentioned embodiment 4 or embodiment 5, and the explosion release port of the battery 21 is connected to the intake section of the cooling unit 22 or the intake section of the reflux can 26.

[0074] Example 7 As shown in FIG. 9 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes two reaction devices 31, each containing a different reactant. The reactant can chemically react with flammable gases and acidic gases to convert them into non-flammable gases and non-flammable substances or reduce the corrosiveness of the acidic gases. The adsorption unit includes four adsorption devices 32, each containing a cooling material and an adsorption material for cooling and adsorbing the reacted smoke. In another embodiment, the four adsorption devices 32 are each provided with a cooling material for cooling the reacted smoke. Alternatively, each of the four adsorption devices 32 is filled with an adsorption material for adsorbing the reacted smoke. The two reaction devices 31 and four adsorption devices 32 are arranged linearly in a row.

[0075] 9, adjacent reactors 31 and adsorbers 32 are connected in series by elbows 33, and a smoke buffer reflux cavity is formed within the elbows 33. In this embodiment, the arrangement and internal structure of the reactors 31 and adsorbers 32 are not particularly limited as long as they can meet the requirements for use. The reactants, cooling materials, and adsorbent materials inside the reactors 31 and adsorbers 32 may be partially or completely filled to meet different requirements for use. The shapes of the reactors 31 and adsorbers 32 are not limited as long as they can be filled with the reactants, cooling materials, and adsorbent materials. In this embodiment, the reactor 31 and the adsorption device 32 are preferably made of circular cans, which have excellent force-bearing and pressure-resistant properties. The reactants are metal oxides and basic compounds. The metal oxides are one or more of reduced copper oxide, cuprous oxide, ferrous oxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, and tungsten oxide. The basic compounds are one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, and strong base / weak acid salts. The cooling material is one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The adsorption material is one or more of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicates, phosphates, and porous glass.

[0076] As shown in FIG. 10 , in this embodiment, each reactor 31 and adsorber 32 is provided with two porous plates 34, which are axially connected by a connecting rod 35 having threads at both ends, i.e., both ends of the connecting rod 35 pass through the porous plates 34 and are fixed by nuts. Two adjacent porous plates 34 are filled with metal oxides, basic compounds, cooling materials, and adsorbent materials. A spring 36 is further provided in the smoke inlet section and / or outlet section of the adsorption can body. The opening diameter of the elbow 33 is smaller than the size of the porous plates 34. One end of the spring 36 is limited in position by the porous plate 34, and the other end is limited in position by the elbow 33. This spring 36 is used to crimp and densify the cooling materials and adsorbent materials. In addition, the spring 36 has a cushioning effect, so that the cooling materials and adsorbent materials will not loosen even when subjected to temperature changes, transportation, vibration, etc. The battery thermal runaway smoke is chemically reacted in the reactor 31, and then enters the adsorption device 32 for cooling and adsorption treatment, so that the final discharged gas becomes incombustible and the purification effect is improved.

[0077] In another embodiment, a gas collection bag is further connected to the smoke outlet of the last adsorption device 32 to collect the treated battery thermal runaway smoke, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosion or fire caused by the leakage of flammable gas due to thermal runaway.

[0078] The combustible gases in the high-temperature smoke generated by thermal runaway in large-capacity batteries are primarily hydrogen and carbon monoxide, accounting for approximately 50% of the total. The high-temperature smoke also contains some acidic gases, primarily hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen's small molecular weight makes adsorption relatively difficult, requiring large amounts of adsorbent. In this example, the reductive properties of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are utilized to reduce copper oxide, cuprous oxide, iron trioxide, aluminum oxide, cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, and tungsten oxide under heated conditions to produce non-combustible gases such as metal monomers and carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the proportion of combustible gases in the runaway smoke and reducing the amount of adsorbent required. Additionally, basic compounds are used to react with acidic gases and convert them into non-combustible substances. Subsequently, the small droplets of electrolyte volatilized at high temperatures are cooled by a cooling material such as ceramic balls and returned to the reflux cavity. In addition, the remaining flammable gas is adsorbed using an adsorbent material such as activated carbon, and the gas collected in the gas collection bag is ultimately non-combustible, thereby reducing the flammability of the smoke and improving the adsorption effect. After the thermal runaway gas has undergone the above treatment, the electrolyte, flammable gas, and acidic gas in the runaway smoke of the lithium battery have been adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, reducing its corrosiveness, improving the purification effect, and significantly improving the safety of the lithium battery.

[0079] Example 8 As shown in FIG. 11 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other. The reaction unit includes one reactor 31 containing a reactant. The reactant chemically reacts with acidic or flammable gas to convert the flammable gas into a non-flammable gas, convert the acidic gas into a non-flammable substance, or reduce the corrosiveness of the acidic gas. The adsorption unit includes seven adsorption devices 32, each filled with a cooling material and an adsorption material for cooling and adsorbing the smoke after the reaction. The one reactor 31 and seven adsorption devices 32 are arranged in a line. In another embodiment, each of the seven adsorption devices 32 is filled with a cooling material for cooling and adsorbing the smoke after the reaction.

[0080] In this embodiment, the shape of the reactor 31 and the adsorbent 32 is not limited as long as they can accommodate the reactants, cooling material, and adsorbent material. In this embodiment, circular cans with excellent force-bearing and pressure-resistance are used for the reactor 31 and the adsorbent 32. The reactants are metal oxides or basic compounds. The cooling material and adsorbent materials are the same as those in Example 1. The basic compounds are one or more of a strong base, a weak acid salt of a strong base, and a basic organic substance. The strong base may specifically include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.; the weak acid salt of a strong base may specifically include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, etc.; and the basic organic substance may specifically include sodium alkoxide, etc. The use of the above reactants, cooling material, and adsorbent materials significantly reduces the amount and total amount of flammable gases discharged into the environment and ensures that the gases discharged from the exhaust port are non-flammable, thereby significantly improving safety.

[0081] Example 9 As shown in Figure 12, this embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of Example 7 or Example 8. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe provided on the battery housing 37. When thermal runaway occurs in a cell inside the battery housing 37 and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature material inside the battery enters the reactor 31 through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe. The reactants in the reactor 31 chemically react with the high-temperature material, converting flammable gases and acidic gases into non-flammable gases and substances, or reducing the corrosiveness of the acidic gases. The smoke after the reaction then enters the adsorption device 32 and is treated by the cooling material and adsorption material filled in the adsorption device. As a result, some solid particles and vaporized electrolyte in the high-temperature material are re-condensed, and the adsorption material adsorbs all the liquid and remaining flammable gases. The unadsorbed small molecule gases, such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide, are discharged through the exhaust port. This device reacts, cools, adsorbs, and then discharges the various substances that are produced after a battery's thermal runaway, so there is no risk of explosion or fire.

[0082] The reactants loaded into the reactor 31 of this embodiment can convert flammable and acidic gases into non-flammable gases and non-combustible materials, thereby reducing the amount of cooling and adsorption materials required. Furthermore, by combining the cooling and adsorption materials in appropriate dosages, the small amount of gas emitted into the environment can be colorless, odorless, and non-flammable, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution. The device of this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool the material emitted during battery thermal runaway. This type of material has good cooling effect, stable properties, and, more importantly, does not generate gas, significantly reducing the amount of subsequent adsorption material required and the adsorption load.

[0083] Example 10 In the high-temperature smoke emitted by a large-capacity battery during thermal runaway, the flammable gases are mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc., with the proportion of flammable gases exceeding 50%. Because hydrogen has a small molecular weight, its adsorption is relatively difficult, requiring a large amount of adsorbent. Based on this, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device, which mainly includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device. The cooling unit includes multiple cooling devices connected in series, each filled with a first cooling material for cooling the thermal runaway smoke. The dilution unit is used to generate diluted gas and / or diluted smoke, which is mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in the mixing device. The device mainly cools, adsorbs, and dilutes the high-temperature smoke generated by the thermal runaway of the battery, whereby the small droplets of electrolyte volatilized at high temperatures are cooled by the cooling material and then returned to the reflux cavity, and the cooled smoke is mixed with the dilution gas and / or diluted smoke, thereby reducing the concentration of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke and making it non-combustible, thereby greatly improving the safety of the battery.

[0084] The dilution unit may have a variety of structures, as long as it generates dilution gas and / or diluted smoke to reduce the concentration of flammable gas in thermal runaway smoke. For example, the dilution unit mainly includes a dilution device containing a gas generant and a sensor switch that detects thermal runaway smoke and activates the dilution device to cause the gas generant in the dilution device to generate dilution gas. The dilution gas may be a non-flammable gas such as carbon dioxide or an inert gas such as nitrogen, as long as it can dilute the thermal runaway smoke. The dilution gas is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after the cooling process in a mixing device. Of course, the dilution unit may also be an external gas source, and the gas from the external gas source enters the mixing device and mixes with the thermal runaway smoke to dilute the thermal runaway smoke. For example, the dilution unit mainly includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generator and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting thermal runaway smoke to cause the dilution device to generate aerosol smoke, which is mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in a mixer. The aerosol generator may be an S-type or K-type aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which is a solid mixture mainly consisting of an oxidizer, a reducing agent, a binder, and an additive. The sensor switch activates the dilution device after detecting airflow, allowing the aerosol smoke released from the dilution device to be sufficiently mixed with the thermal runaway smoke, reducing the concentration of flammable gases to a level where they are no longer combustible.

[0085] As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device 43. The cooling unit includes eight serially connected cooling devices 41 filled with a first cooling substance. The first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, specifically at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and can cool and treat thermal runaway smoke. The dilution unit includes a dilution device 42 and a sensor switch 44, specifically a flow switch. The dilution device 42 is installed above the eighth cooling device 41. The outlet of the eighth cooling device 41 is connected to the outlet of the dilution device 42 via a bypass line. In this case, the sensor switch 44 may be installed in the bypass line. An aerosol generating agent is provided in the dilution device 42, and after detecting thermal runaway smoke, the sensor switch 44 activates the dilution device 42, causing the dilution device 42 to generate aerosol smoke. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after the cooling process in the mixer 43, thereby reducing the concentration of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke and making it unburnable.

[0086] In this embodiment, the shapes of the cooling devices 41 and dilution devices 42 are not limited as long as they can be filled with the cooling substance and aerosol generating agent, but circular cans with excellent force resistance and pressure resistance are preferred. Adjacent cooling devices 41 are connected in series by elbows 45 or hoses, and a smoke buffer reflux cavity is formed within the elbows 45. Two porous plates are provided within each cooling device 41, and the two porous plates are axially connected by a connecting rod with threads on both ends. That is, both ends of the connecting rod pass through the porous plates and are fixed by nuts, and the first cooling substance is filled into the two adjacent porous plates. The dilution device 42 has a circular can structure, and an aerosol generator is provided inside it. An ignition device is provided on the top of the aerosol generator. When the cooled thermal runaway smoke passes through the sensor switch 44, the ignition device is activated and the aerosol generator is ignited to generate aerosol smoke. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in the mixer 43, reducing the concentration of flammable gases and making them non-flammable, thereby preventing safety accidents.

[0087] Example 11 As shown in FIG. 15 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device 43. The cooling unit includes eight cooling devices 41 connected in series, and the dilution unit includes a dilution device 42 and a sensor switch 44. The cooling devices 41 and 42 are installed in the same manner as in Example 10. The difference from Example 10 is that this embodiment can further include a second cooling material in the dilution device 42 and / or the mixing device 43 to re-cool the diluted gas, diluted smoke, and / or mixed gas. The first cooling material is a physical cooling material, and the second cooling material is a physical cooling material and / or a chemical cooling material. The physical cooling material is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. The chemical cooling material is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates. For example, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, manganese carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, basic copper carbonate, the binder is a material or compound material such as hydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0088] In this embodiment, the dilution device 42 has a can structure and is filled with an aerosol generator, which is a cold aerosol fire extinguishing agent. The aerosol generator generates aerosol smoke by dispersing solid and liquid particles with an airflow. When the cooled thermal runaway smoke passes through the sensor switch 44, the aerosol smoke is generated by the aerosol generator. The aerosol smoke is mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in the mixer 43, reducing the concentration of flammable gases and making them unburnable, thereby preventing safety accidents. Furthermore, the aerosol smoke is cooled and then mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in the mixer 43, or the diluted mixed smoke is directly cooled, preventing secondary accidents due to excessive temperatures.

[0089] As shown in Figure 15, in this embodiment, a gas collection unit 47 is further connected to the smoke outlet of the mixer 43 to collect the treated battery thermal runaway smoke, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by the leakage of flammable gas due to thermal runaway.

[0090] Example 12 As shown in FIG. 16 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling unit, an adsorption unit, a dilution unit, and a mixer 43. The cooling unit includes six cooling units 41 connected in series and filled with a first cooling material. The adsorption unit includes two adsorption units 46, which are connected in series to the outlet end of the sixth cooling unit 41 and contain an adsorption material, which may be one or more combinations of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass. The dilution unit includes a dilution unit 42 and a sensor switch 44, which is a flow switch. The dilution unit 42 is installed above the second adsorption unit 46. The outlet of the second adsorption unit 46 is connected to the outlet of the dilution unit 42 via a bypass line, and the sensor switch 44 may be installed in the bypass line. An aerosol generator is provided in the dilution device 42, and after detecting thermal runaway smoke, the sensor switch 44 activates the dilution device 42 to generate aerosol smoke, which is then mixed with the cooled thermal runaway smoke in the mixer 43. In this embodiment, the thermal runaway smoke is first subjected to cooling and adsorption treatments, and then the adsorbed thermal runaway smoke is mixed with the diluted gas and / or diluted smoke in the mixer 43, reducing the concentration of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke and making it unburnable.

[0091] In this embodiment, the dilution unit or mixer 43 further includes a second cooling material for cooling the diluted gas and / or diluted smoke, or the mixed gas. The first and second cooling materials are physical cooling materials. The physical cooling material is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide. In this embodiment, by combining the cooling material and the adsorbent material in appropriate dosages, the small amount of gas emitted into the environment is colorless, odorless, and non-flammable, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution. The device in this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool the material emitted during thermal runaway. This type of material has good cooling effect, stable properties, and, more importantly, does not generate gas, significantly reducing the amount and adsorption load of the subsequent adsorbent material during adsorption.

[0092] In the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment, the adjacent cooling device 41 and adsorption device 46 are assembled using an elbow 45, making installation and removal easy. This makes it applicable to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and does not require any changes to the structure of existing batteries, resulting in low treatment costs and a wide range of applications.

[0093] Example 13 This embodiment provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the above embodiment 10, embodiment 11, or embodiment 12. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe provided on the battery housing. When thermal runaway occurs in a cell inside the battery housing and the explosion vent opens, the high-temperature material inside the battery enters the cooling device 41 through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe and is treated by the cooling material in the cooling device 411. Some solid particles and vaporized electrolyte in the high-temperature material are re-condensed, or all liquid and remaining flammable gas are adsorbed by the adsorbent material. The unadsorbed gas is mixed with the aerosol smoke in the dilution device 42. After the thermal runaway gas has been treated as described above, the electrolyte, flammable gas, and acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke are adsorbed, diluted, and treated as much as possible. This ensures that the treated gas is non-flammable and will not pose any danger of explosion, fire, or other hazards when subsequently discharged, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0094] Example 14 As shown in Figures 17 and 19, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device including a cooling housing 51 and a cooling material, wherein a baffle 52 is provided within the cooling housing 51 to divide the internal cavity of the cooling housing 51 into a cooling cavity 53 and a reflux cavity 54, and a cooling material for cooling the thermal runaway smoke is filled into the cooling cavity 53, and the cooling material is a physical cooling material, specifically at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, which can cool and treat the thermal runaway smoke.

[0095] Two porous plates 55 are provided within the cooling cavity 53. The two porous plates 55 are connected axially via a connecting rod 56, and a cooling material is filled between the two porous plates 55. A positioning table 57 is provided within the cooling housing 51 for axially positioning the porous plates 55. A passage 521 is provided in the baffle 52. A reflux cavity 54 for collecting the cooled electrolyte is located below the cooling cavity 53. The cooling housing 51 further includes an air inlet 511 above the baffle 52 and an exhaust port 512 at the top end of the cooling housing 51. If thermal runaway occurs in the battery, thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 51 through the air inlet 511, is cooled by the cooling material, and is discharged through the exhaust port 512. The cooled electrolyte then flows into the reflux cavity 54. The cooling housing 51 further includes a drain valve 58 for discharging the electrolyte from the reflux cavity 54.

[0096] In this embodiment, the thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling material, and the electrolyte volatilized at high temperatures is cooled by the cooling material and then returned to the reflux cavity, thereby reducing the concentration and proportion of flammable gases in the thermal runaway smoke and making the gas discharged from the exhaust port non-flammable, significantly improving battery safety. The reflux cavity for collecting the cooled electrolyte is located below the cooling cavity, which prevents the electrolyte in the high-temperature thermal runaway smoke from being vaporized into new high-temperature smoke and being carried back into the cooling cavity after being cooled and liquefied, thereby more thoroughly treating the electrolyte.

[0097] 18, in another embodiment, the baffle 52 has a funnel-shaped structure, which allows the cooled electrolyte to easily flow into the reflux cavity 54 under the action of gravity. The cooling housing 51 is a cylindrical cooling housing with good pressure resistance, and its structure is stable and can withstand high pressure caused by thermal runaway smoke.

[0098] Example 15 This embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system including three battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices as in Example 14 above, where the three battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices are connected in series by hoses, the exhaust port of the first battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected in series to the inlet port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device via the hose, and the exhaust port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device is connected in series to the inlet port of the second battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device via the hose, so that the series-connected system has one inlet and one outlet. The specific number of battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0099] This embodiment further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device in the above-mentioned embodiment 14 or the above-mentioned battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system, and an air inlet connected to the explosion release port of the battery housing.

[0100] Example 16 As shown in Figures 20 to 22, the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling housing 611 and a honeycomb ceramic column body 612. The cooling housing is a composite structure formed by combining multiple parts, that is, the cooling housing includes at least a first housing and a second housing, and is surrounded by the first housing and the second housing to form a sealed cavity, the honeycomb ceramic column body is provided in the sealed cavity, and the first housing and / or the second housing are provided with an air intake port and an exhaust port, so that the thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing through the air intake port, is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body, and is discharged through the exhaust port.

[0101] In this embodiment, the structure of the cooling housing is not limited as long as it can accommodate the honeycomb ceramic column body, and the cooling housing may be rectangular, circular, elliptical, or the like. The cooling housing 611 is preferably a circular can body with excellent force-bearing and pressure-resistant properties. Specifically, the cooling housing 611 includes an intermediate cylinder 6111, a first cover plate 6112, and a second cover plate 6113. The first cover plate 6112 and the second cover plate 6113 are attached to both ends of the intermediate cylinder 6111 and connected to the intermediate cylinder 6111 by threads to form a sealed mounting cavity. The first cover plate 6112 is provided with an air inlet 613, and the second cover plate 6113 is provided with an exhaust port 614. Correspondingly, the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 has a cylindrical structure, completely filling the cooling housing 611. Thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 611 through the air inlet 613, is cooled, and is discharged through the exhaust port 614.

[0102] In order to ensure a secure installation of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612, a position limiting protrusion 616 for limiting the position of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 can be provided at one end of the cooling housing 611, and a spring 615 can also be provided in the cooling housing 611, which is provided at the other end of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 to provide cushioning and protection for the honeycomb ceramic column body 612. Furthermore, the spring can also be provided at both ends of the honeycomb ceramic column body to provide cushioning and protection for the honeycomb ceramic column body.

[0103] The device of this embodiment uses a physical cooling material to cool and buffer the substances emitted during battery thermal runaway. This type of material has good cooling effects, stable properties, and no gas generation. After the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device cools and adsorbs the thermal runaway smoke, the amount of flammable gas released into the environment and the total amount of gas are significantly reduced. This allows the temperature of the flammable gas in the gas released after cooling to be lowered below its spontaneous ignition point, and the gas concentration to be lowered below its explosive limit, thereby avoiding secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by thermal runaway and reducing environmental pollution.

[0104] Example 17 As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24 , the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device provided in this embodiment includes a cooling housing 611 and a honeycomb ceramic column body 612. The cooling housing 611 is a circular can body with excellent force-bearing and pressure-resistant properties. Specifically, it includes a first housing and a second housing. The first housing and the second housing are a first semicircular housing 6114 and a second semicircular housing 6115. The two semicircular housings are fitted together to form a mounting cavity. The first semicircular housing 6114 and the second semicircular housing 6115 may be connected by a flange or a locking member. In this case, the first semicircular housing and the second semicircular housing may each have an inlet port 613 or an outlet port 614, or the inlet port 613 and the outlet port 614 may be provided in the same semicircular housing. Correspondingly, the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 has a cylindrical structure, and the cooling housing 611 is completely filled by the cylinder. Furthermore, the porous structure of the honeycomb ceramic column body 612 is provided with a metal coating for adsorbing flammable gases. The metal coating is at least one of a rhodium layer, a platinum layer, and a palladium layer. Thermal runaway smoke enters the cooling housing 611 through the intake port 613 and is cooled by the honeycomb ceramic column body 612, where flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen are adsorbed by the metal coating.

[0105] In this embodiment, the honeycomb ceramic column body is a substrate coated with a coating layer containing precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium as a metal catalyst. Therefore, the honeycomb ceramic column body can not only cool thermal runaway smoke, but also process flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen, thereby absorbing smoke heat, reducing the amount of volatile gases, and making the gases discharged from the exhaust port non-combustible.

[0106] Example 18 As shown in Figures 25 and 26, this embodiment provides a battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system including multiple battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices 61 according to Example 16 or Example 17, where the multiple battery thermal runaway smoke treatment devices 61 are connected in series by hoses 62. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the cooling housings 611 is not limited as long as it satisfies usage requirements. The honeycomb ceramic column bodies 612 inside the cooling housings 611 may be partially or entirely filled to meet different usage requirements. This battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system extends the smoke flow path, saves space, and is easy to assemble. Furthermore, a cooling reflux can 63 for storing electrolyte may be provided at the inlet of the first cooling housing 611, and the exhaust port 614 of the Nth cooling housing 611 is connected to a gas collection device 64. This prevents secondary disasters such as battery explosions and fires caused by flammable gas leakage due to thermal runaway. The N cooling can bodies are assembled using hoses 62, making them easy to install and remove, and are applicable to most existing single cells and assembled batteries, and do not require any changes to the structure of existing batteries, resulting in low processing costs, a wide range of applications, and the ability to be arranged according to installation space requirements, meeting various installation requirements and saving space.

[0107] This embodiment further provides a battery including the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 of the above-described embodiments 16 and 17, or the above-described battery thermal runaway smoke cooling system, in which the inlet 613 of the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 is connected to an explosion vent or explosion vent pipe provided on the battery housing or battery case. When thermal runaway occurs in a cell inside the battery housing and the explosion vent opens, high-temperature materials inside the battery enter the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 through the explosion vent or explosion vent pipe. The honeycomb ceramic column body 612 in the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device 61 cools the high-temperature materials, causing some solid particles and vaporized electrolyte to recondense. At the same time, the metal coating can treat flammable gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen. Unabsorbed small molecule gases such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide are discharged through the exhaust port 614. This device cools and adsorbs various materials generated after battery thermal runaway before discharging them, preventing dangers such as explosions and fires.

[0108] The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device of the present application further includes a liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke, primarily consisting of one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. The electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke to prevent its decomposition and evaporation. The flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke. The acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that treats the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke, making it unflammable. The electrolyte adsorbent is an electrolyte activity inhibitor, the flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and has a high boiling point (150°C or higher) and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. Specifically, the electrolyte activity inhibitor is one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber. The liquid flame retardant is used to dilute flammable gases in thermal runaway smoke to reduce flammability. The ionic liquid is used to treat acidic gases in thermal runaway smoke to effectively reduce flammability. When treating thermal runaway smoke, the electrolyte activity inhibitor, liquid flame retardant, and ionic liquid may be used alone or in combination. The liquid adsorbent is easy to store and does not easily volatilize at room temperature. Since thermal runaway smoke is treated primarily using a liquid compatible with the electrolyte and / or a liquid compatible with the flammable gas, the flammability of the smoke can be reduced and the adsorption effect can be improved.

[0109] The main function of the electrolyte activity inhibitor in this embodiment is to dissolve small droplets of vaporized electrolyte after thermal runaway in a battery. Its advantages are that it has a high boiling point, is not easily volatile, and is compatible with the electrolyte, lowering the temperature of the electrolyte and preventing the evaporation of flammable gases due to the continued decomposition of the electrolyte. The main function of the liquid flame retardant is to reduce the flammability and flammable concentration of combustible gases in the electrolyte. Its advantages are that it is compatible with the electrolyte and lowers the temperature of the electrolyte. The main function of the ionic liquid is to react with hydrogen fluoride, a small amount of flammable acidic gas, and its advantages are that it is inexpensive, readily available, and reduces the concentration of flammable gases. The above three liquid substances can be used in combination or individually. After the thermal runaway gas passes through the above adsorption liquids, the electrolyte, flammable gases, and acidic gases in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-combustible, improving the purification effect and significantly improving the safety of the lithium battery.

[0110] Example 19 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment mainly consists of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, a liquid flame retardant, and an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid that has a boiling point of 150°C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte, and specifically includes one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid flame retardant is used to dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke to reduce flammability, and specifically includes ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and trifluoroethyl phosphate. The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke contains one or more of the following: methyl dimethyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone. The ionic liquid is used to treat acidic gases in thermal runaway smoke and may contain one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. In this example, the volumetric parts of each component of the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke are 20 to 50 parts electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 to 60 parts liquid flame retardant, and 5 to 30 parts ionic liquid. Preferably, the electrolyte activity inhibitor is 35 to 50 parts, the liquid flame retardant is 45 to 60 parts, and the ionic liquid is 5 to 20 parts. Most preferably, the volume ratio of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, the liquid flame retardant, and the ionic liquid is 1:1:0.2, i.e., 45 parts of the electrolyte activity inhibitor, 45 parts of the liquid flame retardant, and 9 parts of the ionic liquid. After the thermal runaway smoke passes through the above-mentioned adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, flammable gases, and acidic gases in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-flammable, improving the purification effect and significantly improving the safety of the lithium battery. The treated gas is non-flammable and safe.

[0111] Example 20 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment mainly consists of two of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, a liquid flame retardant, and an ionic liquid. The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid that has a boiling point of 150°C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte, and specifically includes one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke. The liquid flame retardant is used to dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke to reduce flammability, and specifically includes ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and trifluorophosphate. The ionic liquid may include one or more of ethyl, methyl dimethyl phosphate, tris(isopropylphenyl) phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone, and the ionic liquid may be used to treat acid gases in thermal runaway smoke, and may specifically include one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. In this example, the volumetric ratio of each component of the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke is 20 to 50 parts electrolyte activity inhibitor and 30 to 60 parts liquid flame retardant, or 20 to 50 parts electrolyte activity inhibitor and 5 to 30 parts ionic liquid, or 30 to 60 parts liquid flame retardant and 5 to 30 parts ionic liquid, preferably 35 to 50 parts electrolyte activity inhibitor and 45 to 60 parts liquid flame retardant, or 35 to 50 parts electrolyte activity inhibitor and 5 to 20 parts ionic liquid, or 45 to 60 parts liquid flame retardant and 5 to 20 parts ionic liquid, and most preferably the volumetric ratio of electrolyte activity inhibitor, liquid flame retardant, and ionic liquid is 1:1:0.2. After the thermal runaway smoke passes through the above-mentioned adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, flammable gases and acidic gases in the lithium battery runaway smoke are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-flammable, improving the purification effect and greatly improving the safety of the lithium battery, as the treated gas is non-flammable and safe.

[0112] Example 21 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment mainly consists of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, which is one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber. This type of substance has good solubility and a relatively high boiling point, and can reduce the concentration of flammable products such as carbon monoxide. The liquid organic ether may specifically include one or more of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane (DMM), methyl nonafluorobutyl ether (MFE), tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethylmethyltetrahydrofuran (2-Me-THF), benzenes, and biphenyls. In this embodiment, the above liquids can be combined in any combination, and the volumetric amounts of the liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber are not limited. The electrolyte activity inhibitor has a boiling point of 150°C or higher and is compatible with the electrolyte, so it is compatible with the electrolyte carried in thermal runaway smoke, does not volatilize at room temperature, and can fully absorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, preventing the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke from further combustion and posing a safety hazard.

[0113] Example 22 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment is mainly composed of a liquid flame retardant, which is a flame-retardant material that reduces flammability, and specifically, ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate (TMP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), trifluoroethyl phosphate (TFP), dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP), trisisopropylphenyl phosphate (IPPP), cresyldiphenyl phosphate (CDP), diphenylmonoctyl phosphate (DPOF), alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethyl phosphate The liquid flame retardant may contain one or more of the following: trimethyl phosphate (HMPA), tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite (TTFP), fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate (MF), methyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). In this embodiment, the liquids may be combined in any combination. The volumetric parts of each component in the liquid flame retardant are not limited. Preferably, one or more of trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, and methyl dimethyl phosphate are used. Liquid flame retardants are primarily used to reduce the flammability of the electrolyte and the flammable concentration of flammable gases. Their advantages include their compatibility with the electrolyte, their ability to reduce the temperature of the electrolyte, and their ability to dilute flammable gases in thermal runaway smoke, thereby reducing flammability. This significantly reduces the flammability of the smoke after treatment, improving purification efficiency and significantly improving the safety of lithium batteries.

[0114] Example 23 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke provided in this embodiment is primarily composed of an ionic liquid. Ionic liquids are highly stable, do not decompose at 200°C, are non-flammable, non-corrosive, and have good chemical and electrochemical stability. Therefore, the ionic liquid can treat acidic gases in thermal runaway smoke, improving purification efficiency and significantly improving the safety of lithium batteries. Specifically, the ionic liquid may contain one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles. These liquids can be used to react and remove small amounts of the flammable acidic gas hydrogen fluoride. The advantages of these liquids are that they are inexpensive, readily available, and reduce the concentration of flammable gases.

[0115] Example 24 The liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke is used to treat lithium battery thermal runaway smoke, and the liquid treatment agent for lithium battery thermal runaway smoke is the liquid adsorbent in Example 19, Example 20, Example 21, Example 22 or Example 23.

Claims

1. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit, the cooling unit includes N cooling cans connected in series, each cooling can having a cooling passage through which a coolant passes and a smoke passage through which battery thermal runaway smoke passes, the cooling cans having a cooling inlet and a cooling outlet communicating with the cooling passage and a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet communicating with the smoke passage, N being an integer of 1 or more, the adsorption unit includes M adsorption cans connected in series, each adsorption can being filled with an adsorption material, M being an integer of 1 or more, the smoke intake port of the first adsorption can is connected to the smoke outlet of the Nth cooling can, and the battery thermal runaway smoke is cooled by the cooling cans and then adsorbed by the adsorption cans. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

2. A smoke tube is provided in the cooling can, the internal cavity of the smoke tube is a smoke passage, and the internal cavity of the cooling can outside the smoke tube is a cooling passage.

2. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1.

3. The smoke pipes are spirally arranged in the cooling can to increase the distance through which the battery thermal runaway smoke passes. The cooling can has a smoke inlet at its top end and a smoke outlet at its bottom end. The adsorption can has a smoke intake at its top end and a smoke exhaust at its bottom end.

3. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 2.

4. a reflux can is further provided at the smoke outlet of at least one cooling can, the installation height of the reflux can is lower than the height of the smoke outlet of the cooling can, and the reflux can is used to collect the liquid medium after the thermal runaway smoke has condensed; and a gas collecting unit is further provided at the smoke outlet of the Mth adsorption can for collecting the thermal runaway smoke after treatment; 2. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 1.

5. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit and an adsorption unit arranged in sequence, the cooling unit is filled with a cooling material for reducing the temperature and flow rate of the thermal runaway smoke, the adsorption unit includes a first adsorption device, a second adsorption device, and a third adsorption device arranged in sequence, the first adsorption device is filled with a basic adsorption material for adsorbing acidic gases, the second adsorption device is filled with a polar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing polar molecules, and the third adsorption device is filled with a nonpolar molecule adsorption material for adsorbing nonpolar molecules. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

6. The cooling unit further includes a reflux can, an exhaust section of the reflux can communicates with an intake section of the cooling unit, and the reflux can has an installation height lower than that of the cooling unit and is used to collect the condensed electrolyte.

6. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 5.

7. the cooling material is silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or honeycomb ceramics, the basic adsorbent material is an SDG-I type adsorbent or an SDG-II type adsorbent, the polar molecular adsorbent material is zeolite, and the non-polar molecular adsorbent material is activated carbon; 7. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 6.

8. a gas collection unit connected to the exhaust section of the third adsorber; 7. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 6.

9. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a reaction unit and an adsorption unit connected to each other, the reaction unit includes N reaction devices connected in series, and the reaction device is provided with a reactant that can chemically react with acidic gas to convert the acidic gas into a non-flammable substance or reduce its corrosiveness, where N is an integer of 1 or more, the adsorption unit includes M adsorption devices connected in series, and the adsorption device is filled with a cooling material and / or an adsorption material for cooling and / or adsorption treatment of the thermal runaway smoke after the reaction, where M is an integer of 1 or more, Adjacent reactors and / or adsorbers are connected in series by elbows, and a buffer reflux cavity is formed in the elbows through which thermal runaway fumes pass; A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

10. The reactant is a basic compound, and the basic compound is used to neutralize and react with an acid gas to convert the acid gas into a non-combustible substance or reduce its corrosiveness. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 9 .

11. The basic compound is one or more of a strong base, a strong base weak acid salt, and a basic organic substance; the cooling material is one or more combinations of a ceramic ball, a honeycomb ceramic body, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide; and the adsorption material is one or more combinations of activated carbon, graphite, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, and porous glass. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 10.

12. A gas collection bag is further connected to the outlet of the last adsorption device for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 9 .

13. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling unit, a dilution unit, and a mixing device, the cooling unit includes N cooling devices connected in series, the cooling devices are filled with a first cooling substance for cooling the thermal runaway smoke, N is an integer of 1 or more, the dilution unit is used to generate diluted gas and / or diluted smoke, and the diluted gas and / or diluted smoke are mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling treatment in the mixing device to reduce the concentration of flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke and make it unburnable, A second cooling substance is further provided in the mixing device for cooling the gas after mixing. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

14. The dilution unit includes a dilution device provided with an aerosol generating agent, and a sensor switch that activates the dilution device after detecting thermal runaway smoke, causing the dilution device to generate aerosol smoke that is mixed with the thermal runaway smoke after cooling in a mixing device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 13 .

15. the first cooling substance is a physical cooling substance, the second cooling substance is a physical cooling substance and / or a chemical cooling substance, the physical cooling substance is at least one of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and titanium oxide, and the chemical cooling substance is at least one of metal carbonates and basic carbonates; The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 14 .

16. Adjacent cooling devices are connected in series by hoses or elbows, and a buffer reflux cavity is formed within the hoses or elbows through which thermal runaway fumes pass. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 13 .

17. The adsorption unit further includes at least one adsorption device, the adsorption device being disposed at the outlet end of the Nth cooling device, and an adsorption material being disposed therein for adsorbing the thermal runaway smoke after the cooling treatment, and the thermal runaway smoke after the adsorption treatment is mixed with the dilution gas and / or the diluted smoke in a mixing device. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 13 .

18. A gas collection unit is further connected to the outlet of the mixing device for collecting the treated thermal runaway smoke. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 13 .

19. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device includes a cooling housing provided with a baffle that divides the cooling housing's internal cavity into a cooling cavity and a reflux cavity, and a cooling material filled in the cooling cavity for cooling the thermal runaway smoke, the baffle having a passage, the reflux cavity being located below the cooling cavity and used to collect the cooled electrolyte, the cooling housing having an air intake and an exhaust port, the thermal runaway smoke entering the cooling housing through the air intake and being cooled by the cooling material before being discharged from the exhaust port, and the cooled electrolyte flowing into the reflux cavity. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

20. the intake port is provided above the baffle, the exhaust port is provided at the top end of the cooling housing, and the cooling housing is provided with a drain valve for discharging the electrolyte in the reflux cavity.

20. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 19.

21. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device used to treat thermal runaway smoke generated after a battery thermal runaway, comprising: The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment liquid includes one of an electrolyte adsorbent and an acidic gas treatment agent, or is composed mainly of at least two of an electrolyte adsorbent, a flammable gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent, wherein the electrolyte adsorbent is a liquid that is compatible with the electrolyte and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway smoke, the flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid that can dilute the flammable gas in the thermal runaway smoke, and the acidic gas treatment agent is a liquid that treats the acidic gas in the thermal runaway smoke so as to make the acidic gas unburnable. A battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device.

22. The liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke mainly comprises the electrolyte adsorbent, the flammable gas treatment agent, and the acidic gas treatment agent, wherein the electrolyte adsorbent is an electrolyte activity inhibitor, the flammable gas treatment agent is a liquid flame retardant, and the acidic gas treatment agent is an ionic liquid.

22. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 21.

23. the electrolyte activity inhibitor includes one of a liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber; the liquid organic ether includes one of methyl perfluorobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, ethylmethyltetrahydrofuran, benzenes, and biphenyl; the liquid flame retardant includes one of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, methyl dimethyl phosphate, trisisopropylphenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate ester, hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone; and the ionic liquid includes one of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles.

23. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 22.

24. The liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke is mainly composed of components in volume parts of 20 to 50 parts of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, 30 to 60 parts of a liquid flame retardant, and 5 to 30 parts of an ionic liquid, 23. The battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to claim 22.

25. Use of the liquid treatment agent for battery thermal runaway smoke according to any one of claims 21 to 24 in treating battery thermal runaway smoke.

26. A battery comprising the battery thermal runaway smoke treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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