Forging machine

Abstract

To provide a heading machine automatically performing adjusting operation during operation and capable of suppressing the deterioration of dimension accuracy of work.SOLUTION: A heading machine 1 is equipped with a die 23 that holds work, a punch 26 that reciprocates in a fore-and-aft direction while opposing to the die 23, thereby combining with the die 23 to perform heading on work, a driving portion 9 that drives the reciprocating action of the pump 26, a determining portion 82 that directly or indirectly monitors or detects changes in dimensions of the work to determine the necessity of adjusting action for adjusting the dimensions of the work, and an automatically adjusting portion 83 that automatically performs the adjusting action so as to cancel dimensional change amount of the work during operation, on the basis of a determination result of the determining portion 82.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0004] , , ,

[0001] The present invention relates to a forging machine that performs forging on a workpiece using dies and punches.

Background Art

[0002] In a general forging machine, opposed dies and punches are paired to perform forging on a workpiece, generating plastic deformation to produce a part with a predetermined shape. When the forging machine operates continuously, dimensional changes and shape changes may occur in each part due to heat generation during operation, which may affect the dimensions of the workpiece. Conventionally, in order to avoid this influence, the processing dimensions (finished dimensions) of the parts were frequently checked, and when necessary, the operation of the forging machine was interrupted for adjustment work. For this reason, there have been problems such as the need for a great deal of labor in the dimension checking work, and the problem that the production of parts is delayed due to the adjustment work and the production efficiency is reduced. Technical examples for dealing with the influence of heat generation during the operation of the forging machine are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a die casting apparatus including a die fixed in a die case, an extrusion and forming pin that can move forward and backward with respect to the forming hole of the die and forms the bottom of the die, a kick-out pin that extrudes the formed product out of the die through the extrusion and forming pin, and a rotation operation means for finely adjusting the insertion position of the extrusion and forming pin in the forming hole of the die. According to this, when checking the workpiece forged during operation and detecting a defective product, the insertion position of the extrusion and forming pin can be finely adjusted, and fine adjustment for the temperature rise during operation can be performed quickly and easily, so the economic effect is great.

[0004] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a bottom dead center control system for a press machine, comprising: a bottom dead center position sensor for measuring the bottom dead center position of the slide supporting the upper die; a temperature sensor for measuring the die temperature; a calculation means for calculating the displacement of the bottom dead center based on the outputs of the two types of sensors; a bottom dead center control means for adjusting the bottom dead center position; and a correction control means for activating the bottom dead center control means according to the calculation result of the calculation means. According to this system, bottom dead center correction can be performed in response to changes in die dimensions that change due to die temperature. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Utility Model Registration No. 3128302 Gazette [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 4-266498 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] Incidentally, the technical example in Patent Document 1 is desirable because adjustment work can be performed during operation without reducing production efficiency. However, the problem of the time-consuming verification work required to check workpieces and monitor for defective products remains unresolved. On the other hand, the technical example in Patent Document 2 is desirable because the monitoring of operating conditions and adjustment work are automated. However, because two types of sensors are used, the system configuration becomes complex, and the calculation processing method of the calculation means also becomes complicated, leading to increased costs.

[0007] Furthermore, many forging machines are equipped with a wire supply device that cuts long wires to create and supply workpieces. The accuracy of the cut dimensions of the workpieces may decrease due to the effects of heat generated by the wire supply device. In contrast, the technical examples in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are for molds and therefore cannot be applied to wire supply devices. Moreover, the accuracy of the cut dimensions of the workpieces may be maintained by performing adjustment work based on adjustment factors other than heat generation in the wire supply device. When performing adjustment work based on heat generation and other adjustment factors, it is necessary to frequently check the dimensions of the cut workpieces or manufactured parts.

[0008] This invention has been made in view of the problems of the background technology described above, and aims to provide a forging machine that can automatically perform adjustment operations during operation and suppress the deterioration of the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The forging machine of the present invention comprises a die for holding a workpiece, a punch that reciprocates in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, thereby working with the die to perform forging on the workpiece, and a drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch. A detection unit that detects the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, and a calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, The aforementioned workpiece Based on the aforementioned dimensional change, The system includes a determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece, and an automatic adjustment unit that, based on the determination result of the determination unit, automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece during operation. The die comprises a die body that holds at least the perimeter of the workpiece, a die spin that holds at least a portion of the end face of the workpiece at the processing position and moves in the front-rear direction from the processing position after the forging process is completed to push the workpiece out of the die body, and a kick-out pin that drives the die spin. The detection unit detects the temperature rise value of at least one of the dimensionally influencing members, the die body, the die spin, and the kick-out pin. The calculation unit calculates the amount of elongation of the die in the front-rear direction based on the detected temperature rise value and the thermal expansion coefficient of the die, and further calculates the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the processed dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of elongation. Furthermore, the forging machine includes a die that holds the workpiece, a punch that reciprocates in the forward and backward direction while facing the die and works in conjunction with the die to perform forging on the workpiece, a drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, a detection unit that detects the temperature rise value during operation of a dimensional influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, a calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensional influencing member, and a determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece, and the determination The wire supply device includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece during operation based on the determination result of the unit, a wire feeding unit that feeds out long wires in predetermined lengths, and a wire cutting unit that cuts the fed-out wires to create the workpiece, wherein at least one component of the wire feeding unit is the dimension influencing member, the calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change of the predetermined length as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change that changes the cutting dimension of the workpiece, and the automatic adjustment unit may automatically adjust so that the predetermined length remains constant. Furthermore, the forging machine includes a die that holds the workpiece, a punch that reciprocates in the forward and backward direction while facing the die and works in conjunction with the die to perform forging on the workpiece, a drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, a detection unit that detects the temperature rise value during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, a calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, a determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece, and a unit that cancels the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece during operation based on the determination result of the determination unit. The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation, wherein at least one component constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimension-influencing member, the calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimension of the workpiece, the automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the distance remains constant, and the drive unit has a crankshaft that is rotationally driven by a drive source, and a connecting rod, one end of which is connected to the crankshaft and the other end of which is connected to a ram having the punch, and the connecting rod and the ram may be the dimension-influencing member. Furthermore, the forging machine comprises a die for holding a workpiece, a punch that reciprocates in the forward and backward direction while facing the die and works in conjunction with the die to perform forging on the workpiece, a drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, a detection unit that detects the temperature rise value during operation of a dimensional influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, a calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensional influencing member, a determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece, and an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece during operation based on the determination result of the determination unit. At least one component constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimension-influencing member, the calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which has been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimension of the workpiece, the automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the distance remains constant, and the automatic adjustment unit may have a cotter member provided with an inclined adjustment slope and movable in the vertical direction, a cotter operation unit for operating the cotter member in the vertical direction, and a cotter liner provided with a driven slope that slides against the adjustment slope of the cotter member and the punch, and which moves in the front-rear direction in response to the vertical movement of the cotter member, thereby automatically adjusting the position of the punch in the front-rear direction. Furthermore, the forging machine includes a die that holds the workpiece, a punch that reciprocates in the forward and backward direction while facing the die and works in conjunction with the die to perform forging on the workpiece, a drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, a detection unit that detects the temperature rise value during operation of a dimensional influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, a calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensional influencing member, a determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece, and, based on the determination result of the determination unit, during operation The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the dimensional change amount of the workpiece, wherein at least one member constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimensional influencing member, the calculation unit calculates the dimensional change amount of the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the dimensional change amount of the workpiece's processing dimension in the front-rear direction, the automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the distance becomes constant, and the determination unit may determine that the adjustment operation is necessary when the dimensional change amount of the distance has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation or the last adjustment. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] In the forging machine of the present invention, the determination unit determines whether an adjustment operation for adjusting the dimensions of the workpiece is necessary, and the automatic adjustment unit automatically performs an adjustment operation to cancel the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece during operation based on the determination result of the determination unit. According to this, the forging machine can automatically perform an adjustment operation during operation and suppress a decrease in the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011] [Figure 1] It is a plan view schematically showing the overall configuration of the forging machine of the first embodiment. [Figure 2] It is a side partial cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of a detection unit for detecting the temperature rise values of the connecting rod, ram, punch, and die, and the configuration of the cotter adjustment unit. [Figure 3] It is a front view of the punch holder provided with the detection unit. [Figure 4] It is a plan view of the punch holder provided with the detection unit. [Figure 5] It is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the die holder provided with the detection unit and the die. [Figure 6] It is a plan view of the bottom surface of the frame provided with the detection unit. [Figure 7] It is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of a common operation unit for operating a plurality of cotter adjustment units. [Figure 8] It is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control of the forging machine. [Figure 9] It is a side view showing the shape of a pin component which is an example of a component manufactured by the forging machine. [Figure 10] It is a diagram of a list explaining the calculation content of the calculation unit. [Figure 11] It is a diagram of a time chart showing an operation example of the forging machine of the first embodiment. [Figure 12] In the forging machine of the second embodiment, it is a side partial cross-sectional view showing a pin position adjustment unit for adjusting the processing execution position of the kick-out pin. [Figure 13] It is a side view schematically showing the configuration of a wire supply device provided in the forging machine of the third embodiment. [Figure 14] In the wire supply device, it is a side view schematically showing a state before feeding the wire, in which the maximum predetermined length dimension is set by the feed amount adjustment unit. [Figure 15] It is a side view schematically showing a state after the wire delivery unit operates to deliver the wire from the state shown in FIG. 14. [Figure 16] In the wire supply device, it is a side view schematically showing a case where the minimum predetermined length dimension is set by the feed amount adjustment unit.

Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] 1. Overall Configuration of the Forging Machine 1 of the First Embodiment First, the overall configuration of the forging machine 1 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The forging machine 1 is a horizontal multi-stage forging machine. The forging machine 1 includes a frame 21, a ram 24, five sets of dies 23 and punches 26, a transfer device 27, a wire supply device 6, a control device 8 (see FIG. 8), and a drive unit 9, etc. The forging machine 1 has the first to fifth processes formed by five sets of opposing dies 23 and punches 26. The left-right direction on the paper surface of FIG. 1 is the front-rear direction of the forging machine 1, and the up-down direction on the paper surface is the width direction of the forging machine 1. In FIG. 1, the first to fifth processes are arranged side by side from the upper side to the lower side of the paper surface in the width direction. Note that the number of processes of the forging machine 1 is not limited to 5 processes, and generally, it is about 1 to 8 processes.

[0013] [[ID=2V]]The frame 21 is a housing for arranging each part. Five die holders 22 are provided side by side in the width direction at a position closer to the front of the frame 21. Each of the five dies 23 is detachably attached to the rear part of each die holder 22. A predetermined processing die is formed on the rear side of each die 23 facing the left direction in the drawing. The die 23 holds the workpiece inside the processing die.

[0014] The ram 24 is roughly rectangular in plan view and is positioned approximately in the center of the frame 21. The ram 24 reciprocates in the front-to-back direction. Five punch holders 25 are arranged in the width direction towards the front of the ram 24. Each of the five punches 26 is interchangeably attached to the front of each punch holder 25. A predetermined processing die is formed on the front side of each punch 26, facing to the right in the figure. Each punch 26 reciprocates together with the ram 24. In each process, the punch 26 reciprocates in the front-to-back direction while facing the die 23, thereby working with the die 23 to perform a press forging process on the workpiece.

[0015] The wire supply device 6 is positioned at the front of the frame 21, from next to the first process to the front. The wire supply device 6 cuts the long wire supplied from the front to create a workpiece and supplies it to the first process. Typically, the wire has a circular cross-section, and the workpiece has an initial cylindrical shape. Examples of materials for the wire and workpiece include iron, aluminum, and various alloys. The configuration of the wire supply device 6 will be described in detail in the third embodiment.

[0016] The transfer device 27 is positioned above the die holder 22 and behind the die 23. The transfer device 27 has six pairs of fingers for gripping workpieces. The first pair of fingers, located at the uppermost position, grips the workpiece supplied from the wire supply device 6 and transports it to the first process. The second to fifth pairs of fingers grip the workpiece in the upstream process and transport it to the downstream process. The sixth pair of fingers, located at the lowermost position, grips the workpiece in the fifth process and transports it to the unloading section (not shown).

[0017] A drive unit 9 is provided to drive the reciprocating motion of the punch 26. The drive unit 9 also drives the wire supply device 6 and the transfer device 27. The drive unit 9 consists of a drive source 91 and various transmission mechanisms and cam mechanisms. The drive source 91 can be, for example, an induction motor or a synchronous motor that operates on a three-phase AC power supply. The driving force of the drive source 91 is input to the crankshaft 96 via a flywheel 92, a clutch mechanism 93, a disc brake 94, and a reduction mechanism 95.

[0018] A connecting rod 29 is positioned between the crankshaft 96 and the ram 24. One end of the connecting rod 29 is connected to the crankshaft 96, and the other end is connected to the ram 24. When the crankshaft 96 is rotated by the drive source 91, one end of the connecting rod 29 rotates along a circular orbit, and the other end of the connecting rod 29 reciprocates in the forward and backward direction. As a result, the ram 24 reciprocates in the forward and backward direction, and the five punches 26 on the ram 24 also reciprocate in the forward and backward direction.

[0019] Five kick-out cams 98 are provided on the upper part of the connecting rod 29. The kick-out cams 98 are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction and correspond to the positions of the first to fifth strokes, respectively. The kick-out cams 98 drive the punch-side kick-out pins provided on each punch 26 in the forward and backward directions. In addition, the driving force is branched and transmitted from the crankshaft 96 to the side shaft 99 via a branch gear pair 97.

[0020] The side shaft 99 transmits the driving force in an upward direction. The driving force branched upward rotates the transfer cam 9A. The transfer cam 9A drives the reciprocating movement of the transfer device 27 between processes. In addition, six open-close cams 9C are connected to the side shaft 99 via the transfer drive 9B so as to be rotationally driven. The open-close cams 9C are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction. The open-close cams 9C drive each pair of finger in the transfer device 27 to open and close.

[0021] Furthermore, a cutter cam 9D is provided on the side shaft 99, and a pusher cam 9E, a feed cam 9F, and five kickout cams 9H are connected to it. The cutter cam 9D, pusher cam 9E, and feed cam 9F drive the wire feeding device 6. The kickout cams 9H are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction and correspond to the positions of the first to fifth processes, respectively. The kickout cams 9H drive the die spins 234 via kickout pins 23A, which will be described later.

[0022] 2. Dimensional influence members and detection units Next, the dimensional influencing members and detection unit of the forging machine 1 will be described with reference to Figures 2 to 6. In this specification, a dimensional influencing member refers to a member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the processing dimensions of the workpiece. In the forging machine 1, the die 23 and punch 26 generate significant heat during operation, resulting in large temperature rises. The dimensional and shape changes caused by the heat generated by the die 23 and punch 26 affect the processing dimensions of the workpiece. Components other than the die 23 and punch 26 can also be considered dimensional influencing members because they experience some degree of temperature rise and dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation and heat transfer caused by sliding friction during operation. In the first embodiment, the connecting rod 29, ram 24, punch 26, die 23, and frame 21 are treated as dimensional influencing members.

[0023] The detection unit detects the temperature rise of the dimensionally influential member during operation. In practice, the detection unit detects the temperature of the dimensionally influential member during operation and calculates the temperature rise from the reference temperature. The normal ambient temperature of the forging machine 1 can be used as the reference temperature. Furthermore, a predetermined reference temperature can be set in advance or stored. As the detection unit, for example, a temperature sensor can be used that includes a temperature sensing unit having a temperature detection function, and a signal conversion unit having an A / D conversion function and a digital calculation function that converts the analog signal output from the temperature sensing unit into digital. A specific example of a temperature sensing unit is a resistance thermometer that performs contact measurement.

[0024] The temperature sensing element may be a non-contact type; for example, a non-contact thermometer that detects infrared radiation can be used. Furthermore, the A / D conversion function and digital calculation function may be provided in a separate device other than the detection unit. The detection unit includes the connecting rod detection unit 31, ram detection unit 32, punch detection unit 33, die detection unit 34, and frame detection unit 35, which will be described later.

[0025] In Figure 2, the crankshaft 96 is rotating to the rear, and the connecting rod 29, ram 24, and punch 26 are positioned at the rear dead center away from the die 23. The connecting rod 29 has a front ring portion 291 connected to the ram 24, a rear ring portion 292 connected to the crankshaft 96, and a central portion 293 connecting the front ring portion 291 and the rear ring portion 292. The connecting rod 29 heats up due to friction between the front ring portion 291 and the rear ring portion 292, causing it to elongate in the front-rear direction and affecting the machining dimensions of the workpiece. The effective length LE1 of the connecting rod 29 in the front-rear direction is expressed as the distance between the centers of the front ring portion 291 and the rear ring portion 292.

[0026] The connecting rod detection units 31 are positioned at four locations in total: two in the width direction at the front and two at the rear of the central portion 293. Insertion holes 294 are drilled at four locations in the central portion 293 of the connecting rod 29, extending from the bottom to the middle height. The temperature sensing part of the connecting rod detection unit 31 is inserted into the insertion hole 294 to detect the internal temperature of the connecting rod 29. The four temperature rise values ​​detected by the four connecting rod detection units 31 are averaged to obtain the temperature rise value DT1 of the connecting rod 29.

[0027] The ram 24 has a connecting shaft 241 that engages with the front ring portion 291 of the connecting rod 29. Five sets of cotter adjustment sections 4 corresponding to the first to fifth processes are provided on the front side of the ram 24. Furthermore, a punch holder 25 is positioned on the front side of each of the cotter adjustment sections 4. The ram 24 heats up due to friction from sliding of the connecting shaft 241 during rotation and heat generated by sliding friction with the frame 21, causing it to expand in the front-rear direction and affecting the machining dimensions of the workpiece. In addition, the ram 24 may also heat up due to heat transfer from the punch 26.

[0028] The effective length LE2 of the ram 24 in the longitudinal direction is expressed as the distance between the center of the connecting shaft 241 (the center of the front ring portion 291 of the connecting rod 29) and the front surface of the cotter adjustment portion 4. Furthermore, the reference position (fixed point position) when the connecting rod 29 and ram 24 expand and contract in the longitudinal direction due to temperature changes is the center of the rear ring portion 292 of the connecting rod 29. Note that this reference position may change depending on the structure of the forging machine 1.

[0029] The ram detection unit 32 is positioned at two locations in the width direction of the ram 24, approximately midway along its front-to-back position. Insertion holes 242 are drilled at these two locations approximately midway along the ram 24, extending from the top to approximately the height of the punch 26. The temperature sensing element of the ram detection unit 32 is inserted into the insertion holes 242 to detect the internal temperature of the ram 24. Preferably, the positions of the two temperature sensing elements of the ram detection unit 32 are located between the punch-side kick-out pins that are provided on each punch 26 and extend to the rear. The two temperature rise values ​​detected by the two ram detection units 32 are averaged to obtain the temperature rise value DT2 of the ram 24.

[0030] As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the punch holder 25 has a cylindrical punch sleeve 251 inside a cylindrical holding space that extends in the front-rear direction. A generally cylindrical punch 26 is held inside the punch sleeve 251. Note that in Figures 3 and 4, the details of the first step are illustrated, while only the external shape is shown for the second step and subsequent steps. The punch holder 25 has an insertion hole 252 that extends from the top to the outer surface of the punch sleeve 251. The effective length LE3 of the punch 26 in the front-rear direction is expressed as the distance between the rear surface 253 of the punch holder 25 (the front surface of the cotter adjustment section 4) and the front surface 261 of the punch 26 (see Figure 2). Also, the reference position (fixed point position) when the punch 26 expands and contracts in the front-rear direction due to temperature changes is the rear surface 253 of the punch holder 25.

[0031] Each of the five punch detection units 33 is positioned in one of the five punch holders 25. The temperature sensing element of the punch detection unit 33 is inserted into the insertion hole 252 of the punch holder 25 to detect the surface temperature of the punch sleeve 251. The temperature rise values ​​detected by each of the five punch detection units 33 become the temperature rise value DT3 of the punch 26 in each process.

[0032] If experiments or simulations reveal that the operating temperature rise values ​​of the punch sleeve 251 and the punch 26 differ, the punch detection unit 33 can perform a correction on the detected surface temperature of the punch sleeve 251 to determine the temperature rise value DT3 of the punch 26. One method of calculating the correction is to multiply the temperature rise value obtained from the surface temperature of the punch sleeve 251 by a correction coefficient greater than 1.

[0033] As shown in Figure 5, the die holder 22 has a die sleeve 221 inside a generally cylindrical holding space. The die 23 is held inside the die sleeve 221. The die 23 is composed of a die body 231 with die pins 234 attached. The die body 231 is formed in a generally cylindrical shape with the shape of the processing die at its center. The die body 231 holds at least the perimeter of the workpiece.

[0034] The die pin 234 is formed, for example, in the shape of a thin round bar. The die pin 234 is positioned in the machining position shown in Figure 5, with its rear surface 235 entering the machining die of the die body 231 from the front. At the machining position, the die pin 234 holds at least a portion of the front end face of the workpiece. After the cold forging process is completed, the die pin 234 is pushed out by the kick-out pin 23A and moves backward from the machining position, ejecting the workpiece from the die body 231. The die pin 234 and the kick-out pin 23A will be described in more detail in the second embodiment.

[0035] The die holder 22 has an insertion hole 222 that enters the interior at an angle from above and extends further in the front-to-back direction inside. The effective length LE4 of the die 23 in the front-to-back direction is expressed as the distance between the front surface 232 and the rear surface 233 of the die body 231 (see Figure 2). Furthermore, the reference position (fixed point position) when the die 23 expands and contracts in the front-to-back direction due to temperature changes is the front surface 232 of the die body 231. Note that this reference position may change depending on the detailed structure of the forging machine 1.

[0036] Each of the five die detection units 34 is positioned in one of the five die holders 22. The temperature sensing element of the die detection unit 34 is inserted into the insertion hole 222 of the die holder 22 to detect the internal temperature of the die holder 22. The temperature rise values ​​detected by each of the five die detection units 34 become the temperature rise value DT4 of the die 23 in each process.

[0037] If experiments or simulations reveal that the operating temperature rise values ​​differ between the die holder 22 and the die 23, the die detection unit 34 can perform a correction on the detected internal temperature of the die holder 22 to determine the temperature rise value DT4 of the die 23. One method of calculating the correction is to multiply the temperature rise value obtained from the internal temperature of the die holder 22 by a correction coefficient greater than 1.

[0038] The frame 21 is made of iron and is sturdily constructed. The bottom surface of the frame 21 has the large shape shown in Figure 6. The frame 21 does not generate heat itself, but its temperature rises due to heat transfer and other factors, causing it to expand in the front-to-back direction and affecting the machining dimensions of the workpiece. At this time, the effective length LE5 of the frame 21 that affects the machining dimensions of the workpiece in the front-to-back direction is represented by the distance between the bearing position of the crankshaft 96 and the front surface 232 of the die body 231 (see Figure 2).

[0039] As shown in Figure 6, the frame detection units 35 are positioned at two locations within the effective length LE5 of the bottom surface of the frame 21. The frame detection units 35 may be of a type that detects the surface temperature of the top surface of the frame 21, or they may be of a type in which a temperature sensing element is inserted into an insertion hole drilled in the frame 21 to detect the internal temperature of the frame 21. The two temperature rise values ​​detected by the two frame detection units 35 are averaged to obtain the temperature rise value DT5 of the frame 21.

[0040] 3. Cotter adjustment section 4 Next, the cotter adjustment unit 4 will be explained with reference to Figures 2 and 7. Each of the five sets of cotter adjustment units 4 automatically adjusts the front-to-back position of the punch 26 in each of the first to fifth processes. The cotter adjustment unit 4 operates during adjustment work after the die 23 and punch 26 have been replaced to change the part to be manufactured. Furthermore, the cotter adjustment unit 4 can operate while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As shown in Figure 2, the cotter adjustment unit 4 consists of a cotter member 41, a cotter operating unit 42, and a cotter liner 43, etc.

[0041] The cotter member 41 has an inclined adjustment slope 411 on its front side and a vertical surface 412 on its rear side. The inclination of the adjustment slope 411 is such that the lower side protrudes forward and the upper side is recessed backward. The vertical surface 412 is movable vertically while sliding against the vertical surface 243 on the ram 24 side. As a result, the cotter member 41 is supported by the ram 24 so that it can move vertically but cannot move in the front-to-back direction. An operating shaft 413 extending vertically is fixed to the upper part of the cotter member 41. The operating shaft 413 has a male thread formed on its outer circumference.

[0042] The cotter operating section 42 consists of a nut member 421 and a gear mechanism 422, among other components. The nut member 421 is formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape with an opening at the bottom and is supported so as to be rotatable around a central axis but unable to move up and down. The nut member 421 has a female thread formed on its inner surface that screws onto the male thread of the operating shaft 413, and is positioned on the upper side of the operating shaft 413 in a screwed state. The nut member 421 and the operating shaft 413 constitute a screw feed mechanism that allows relative movement in the vertical direction. The gear mechanism 422 rotates the nut member 421 and allows for switching of the direction of rotation.

[0043] Furthermore, the cotter operation unit 42 is equipped with a clutch mechanism (not shown) and a lock mechanism (not shown) that operate automatically by remote control. The clutch mechanism switches between an engaged state, in which it transmits rotational force transmitted from the common operation unit 44 (described later) to the gear mechanism 422, and a disengaged state, in which it does not transmit force. The lock mechanism switches between a locked state, in which it restricts the operation of the gear mechanism 422, and an unlocked state, in which it does not restrict it. Under normal circumstances, the clutch mechanism is in the disengaged state and the lock mechanism is in the locked state. The clutch mechanism and the lock mechanism can be formed as a combined and integrated unit so that the lock mechanism automatically becomes disengaged when the clutch mechanism is engaged, and the lock mechanism automatically becomes locked when the clutch mechanism is disengaged.

[0044] The cotter liner 43 is provided with a punch holder 25 and a punch 26 on its front side. The cotter liner 43 is provided with a driven slope 431 on its rear side, which has the same inclination angle as the adjustment slope 411 of the cotter member 41. The cotter liner 43 is supported by the ram 24 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction but not vertically. Furthermore, the cotter liner 43 is constantly biased towards the rear by a biasing member (not shown). Therefore, the driven slope 431 is always pressed against the adjustment slope 411.

[0045] When the gear mechanism 422 of the cotter operating section 42 drives the nut member 421 in the forward direction, the screw feed mechanism drives the operating shaft 413 upward relative to the nut member 421. As a result, the entire cotter member 41 moves upward. Then, the adjusting slope 411 pushes the driven slope 431 forward against the biasing member. As a result, the cotter liner 43 moves forward, and the position of the punch 26 is automatically adjusted forward. Conversely, when the gear mechanism 422 drives the nut member 421 in the reverse direction, the cotter member 41 moves downward, the cotter liner 43 moves backward, and the position of the punch 26 is automatically adjusted backward.

[0046] A common operating section 44, shown in Figure 7, is provided to operate the five sets of cotter adjustment sections 4. The common operating section 44 consists of an operating motor 441, an output gear mechanism 442, a spline shaft 443, a drive bevel gear 444, a drive shaft 445, a driven bevel gear 446, and a gear slide section 447. The operating motor 441 is located on the frame 21. The operating motor 441 can be switched between forward and reverse rotation. An output gear mechanism 442 is provided on the output shaft of the operating motor 441. The output gear mechanism 442 transmits the rotation of the operating motor 441 to the rotation of the spline shaft 443.

[0047] The spline shaft 443 is rotatably supported on the frame 21. The spline shaft 443 extends parallel to the reciprocating direction of the ram 24. Multiple spline grooves are formed on the outer circumference of the spline shaft 443, extending in the axial direction and parallel to each other. The drive bevel gear 444 is provided to engage with the spline grooves of the spline shaft 443. The drive bevel gear 444 rotates together with the spline shaft 443 and is slidable in the axial direction of the spline shaft 443.

[0048] The drive shaft 445 is rotatably supported by the ram 24. The drive shaft 445 extends in the width direction of the ram 24 and engages with five cotter operating parts 42. The drive shaft 445 is positioned perpendicular to and opposite the spline shaft 443. Even when the ram 24 moves, the T-shaped positional relationship between the drive shaft 445 and the spline shaft 443 is maintained. A driven bevel gear 446 is provided at the end of the drive shaft 445 closest to the spline shaft 443. The driven bevel gear 446 meshes with the drive bevel gear 444.

[0049] The gear slide portion 447 is mounted on the ram 24 and engages with the drive bevel gear 444. The gear slide portion 447 moves in the forward and backward direction together with the ram 24, causing the drive bevel gear 444 to slide along the spline shaft 443. This ensures that the meshing state between the driven bevel gear 446 and the drive bevel gear 444 is always maintained, regardless of the position of the ram 24. This meshing state then transmits the rotation of the spline shaft 443 to the rotation of the drive shaft 445.

[0050] When the operating motor 441 rotates forward, the spline shaft 443 and the drive shaft 445 also rotate forward. Furthermore, the forward rotation of the drive shaft 445 is transmitted to the forward rotation of the gear mechanism 422 of the cotter operating unit 42, which is engaged with the clutch mechanism. Similarly, the reverse rotation of the operating motor 441 is also transmitted to the reverse rotation of the gear mechanism 422 of the cotter operating unit 42, which is engaged with the clutch mechanism. The forward and reverse rotation of the gear mechanism 422 adjusts the position of the punch 26 as described above. Therefore, the common operating unit 44 can automatically adjust the position of a selected punch 26 from the five punches 26 of the first to fifth processes using a single operating motor 441.

[0051] 4. Control configuration of the forging machine 1 Next, the control configuration of the forging machine 1 will be explained with reference to Figure 8. The forging machine 1 is equipped with a control device 8. The control device 8 is configured using a computer device. The control device 8 receives data of temperature rise values ​​(DT1 to DT5) detected from five types of detection units (31 to 35). The control device 8 receives a detection signal of the rotation angle of the crankshaft 96 from an angle detection sensor (not shown in the figure). The control device 8 also controls the drive source 91. Furthermore, the control device 8 controls the clutch mechanisms and locking mechanisms of the five cotter operating units 42, and also controls the operating motor 441.

[0052] The control device 8 can switch between multiple operating modes, such as between adjustment mode and operation mode. In adjustment mode, the control device 8 can drive the drive source 91 at a low speed or intermittently. In operation mode, the control device 8 drives the drive source 91 at high speed continuously. In addition, the control device 8 can operate the cotter operating unit 42 and the operating motor 441 in both adjustment mode and operation mode.

[0053] The control device 8 has three functional units configured using software: a calculation unit 81, a determination unit 82, and an automatic adjustment unit 83. The calculation unit 81 and the five types of detection units (31-35) are the parts that create the data necessary for the determination unit 82 to make a determination, and can be considered to be included in the determination unit 82.

[0054] The calculation unit 81 calculates the dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member. In the first embodiment, the calculation unit 81 calculates the dimensional change of the distance between the punch 26 and die 23, which are driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit 9, as an amount equivalent to the dimensional change of the workpiece in the front-rear direction. In other words, since the dimensional change of the distance between the punch 26 and die 23 is equal to the dimensional change of the workpiece, the calculation unit 81 only needs to calculate the dimensional change of the distance instead of the dimensional change of the workpiece. Also, since the focus is on the amount of dimensional change, the predetermined position of the punch 26 when performing the calculation can be anywhere.

[0055] The determination unit 82 directly or indirectly monitors or detects changes in the dimensions of the workpiece and determines whether an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece. In the first embodiment, the detection unit (31-35) that detects the temperature rise value and the calculation unit 81 that calculates the amount of change in the separation dimension are responsible for indirectly detecting changes in the dimensions of the workpiece. The determination unit 82 determines that an adjustment operation is necessary when the amount of change in the separation dimension has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation of the forging machine 1 or since the last adjustment.

[0056] The automatic adjustment unit 83 automatically performs adjustment operations to cancel the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece while the forging machine 1 is in operation, based on the determination result of the determination unit 82. In the first embodiment, the automatic adjustment unit 83 automatically adjusts the cotter adjustment unit 4 so that the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23 remains constant. The functions of the calculation unit 81, the determination unit 82, and the automatic adjustment unit 83 will be specifically explained in the following description of operation.

[0057] 5. Operation of the cold forging machine 1 Next, the operation of the forging machine 1 will be explained with reference to Figures 9 to 11. Before explaining the operation, the shape of a pin part P, which is an example of a part manufactured by the forging machine 1, will be described. As shown in Figure 9, the pin part P consists of a head PH and a stepped shaft PA, and is machined into an axially symmetric shape. The machining dimensions of the pin part P are expressed by the diameter HD and height HH of the head PH, and the neck length AL of the shaft PA.

[0058] If the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23 decreases from the adjusted initial state, the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23 when they have advanced to the front dead center becomes narrower compared to the initial state. As a result, the height dimension HH of the head PH tends to be smaller than the normal dimension, and the diameter dimension HD tends to be larger than the normal dimension. In addition, the neck dimension AL of the shaft PA is determined by the distance AD ​​(see Figure 5) between the rear surface 233 of the die body 231 and the rear surface 235 of the die pin 234.

[0059] After the control device 8 is set to operating mode and the forging machine 1 starts operating, the calculation unit 81 and the determination unit 82 operate repeatedly at predetermined control cycle times. The automatic adjustment unit 83 also operates as needed based on the determination result of the determination unit 82. Five types of detection units (31-35) detect the temperature rise values ​​(DT1-DT5) of the dimensionally influential members caused by the heat generated when the forging machine 1 is operating. The calculation unit 81 first receives data on the temperature rise values ​​(DT1-DT5) of the dimensionally influential members from each detection unit (31-35).

[0060] Next, the calculation unit 81 calculates the amount of elongation (LL1 to LL4) that each of the connecting rod 29, ram 24, punch 26, and die 23 expands in the front-rear direction, based on their temperature rise values ​​(DT1 to DT4) and thermal expansion coefficients. Here, the connecting rod 29, ram 24, punch 26, and die 23, which are dimensionally influential components, are all made of iron. Therefore, the calculation unit 81 uses the thermal expansion coefficient Af of iron. The details of this calculation are shown in the following equation (1) and on the left side of Figure 10. Stretching amount LLi=DTi×Af×LEi…………………………(1) (However, i = 1 to 4, and LEi is the effective length)

[0061] The extension amounts LL3 of the punch 26 and LL4 of the die 23 mean that they move closer to each other, in other words, they act to reduce the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23. The connecting rod 29 and ram 24 are positioned in the opposite direction to the die 23 relative to the punch 26, and when extended, they bring the punch 26 closer to the die 23. That is, the extension amounts LL1 of the connecting rod 29 and LL2 of the ram 24 act to reduce the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23. Therefore, the calculation unit 81 adds up the respective extension amounts (LL1 to LL4) to calculate the dimensional reduction amount D1, which corresponds to the dimensional change in the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23. This calculation is shown in the following equation (2). Dimensional reduction D1 = LL1 + LL2 + LL3 + LL4 ... (2)

[0062] Furthermore, the calculation unit 81 calculates the amount of elongation LL5 of the frame 21 in the front-rear direction based on the temperature rise value DT5 and the thermal expansion coefficient of the frame 21. Since the frame 21 is also made of iron, the calculation unit 81 uses the thermal expansion coefficient Af of iron. The amount of elongation LL5 of the frame 21 is shown in the following equation (3) and on the left side of Figure 10. The amount of elongation LL5 of the frame 21 acts to increase the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23. Extension amount LL5=DT5×Af×LE5…………………………(3)

[0063] Furthermore, the calculation unit 81 subtracts the elongation amount LL5, which corresponds to the increase in the separation dimension, from the dimensional reduction amount D1, which corresponds to the decrease in the separation dimension, to calculate the net dimensional reduction amount D2 shown in the following equation (4). Dimensional reduction amount D2=D1-LL5………………………………(4)

[0064] A concrete example of the calculation described above is shown on the right side of Figure 10. For example, if the temperature rise of the connecting rod 29 is DT1 = 2 (°C) and the effective length LE1 = 625 (mm), then its elongation LL1 = 0.015 (mm). Also, the elongation of the ram 24 is LL2 = 0.009 (mm), the elongation of the punch 26 is LL3 = 0.018 (mm), the elongation of the die 23 is LL4 = 0.018 (mm), and the elongation of the frame 21 is LL5 = 0.026 (mm). Furthermore, the dimensional reduction D1 and net dimensional reduction D2 in the concrete example are the following values. Dimensional reduction D1 = 0.015 + 0.009 + 0.018 + 0.018 = 0.060 (mm) Dimension reduction D2=0.060-0.026=0.034(mm)

[0065] In reality, as the forging machine 1 continues to operate, the temperature rise values ​​(DT1~DT5) ​​will be considerably larger than the values ​​exemplified in the specific example. Nevertheless, the tendency for the temperature rise values ​​DT3 for the punch 26 and DT4 for the die 23 to be relatively large, and the temperature rise values ​​DT1 for the connecting rod 29, DT2 for the ram 24, and DT5 for the frame 21 to be relatively small is considered to always hold true.

[0066] The determination unit 82 determines that an adjustment operation is necessary when the dimensional reduction amount D2, calculated by equation (4), has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation or the previous adjustment. If an adjustment operation is necessary, the automatic adjustment unit 83 switches the clutch mechanism of the cotter operation unit 42 of the process to be adjusted to the engaged state and the lock mechanism to the released state while the forging machine 1 is in operation. Next, the automatic adjustment unit 83 reverses the rotation of the operating motor 441 by an adjustment amount D3 corresponding to the dimensional reduction amount D2, thereby operating the cotter adjustment unit 4. As a result, the position of the punch 26 is automatically adjusted to the rear, canceling the dimensional reduction amount D2, and the dimensional change amount D4 of the distance dimension after adjustment becomes smaller. In other words, even with the effect of heat generation during operation, the distance dimension between the punch 26 and the die 23 is kept approximately constant.

[0067] Furthermore, if the operation of the forging machine 1 is interrupted, the dimensionally influential member will shrink as its temperature drops, meaning that the elongation (LL1 to LL5) will become negative. In this case, the calculation unit 81 uses equations (1) to (4) to determine the increase in the separation dimension. The determination unit 82 determines that an adjustment operation is necessary when the increase in dimension calculated by equation (4) has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the interruption of operation or the last adjustment. As a result, even if the operation of the forging machine 1 is interrupted, the separation dimension between the punch 26 and the die 23 is kept approximately constant.

[0068] Figure 11 shows an example of operation in a specific process of forming the head PH of a pin part P in the forging machine 1. In Figure 11, the upper horizontal axis is the time axis t, and the thick line on the time axis t represents the operating time of the forging machine 1. The five graphs, from top to bottom, represent the dimensional reduction amount D1, the elongation amount LL5 of the frame 21, the dimensional change amount D4 of the spacing dimension after adjustment, the adjustment amount D3 of the cotter adjustment part 4, and the diameter dimension HD of the head PH of the pin part P. The net dimensional reduction amount D2 is shown as the difference between the dimensional reduction amount D1 and the elongation amount LL5.

[0069] The dimensional reduction amount D1 and the elongation amount LL5 are quantities determined by the detection unit (31-35) and the calculation unit 81. The adjustment amount D3 is determined from the rotation amount of the operating motor 441 during automatic adjustment and changes in a stepwise manner each time automatic adjustment is performed. The dimensional change amount D4 is the amount obtained by subtracting the adjustment amount D3 from the dimensional reduction amount D2. The diameter HD is the measured value from the sampling inspection of the manufactured pin part P.

[0070] As shown in the figure, the dimensional reduction D1 and elongation LL5 increase relatively significantly when the forging machine 1 continues to operate. On the other hand, the dimensional change D4 fluctuates only slightly even when operation continues. In other words, it can be seen that the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23 is controlled to be approximately constant. This is due to the effect of the cotter adjustment unit 4 operating multiple times in response to the increase and decrease in the net dimensional reduction D2. In addition, the diameter HD fluctuates finely above and below the normal dimension and remains generally stable. That is, the decrease in the dimensional accuracy of the head PH of the pin part P is suppressed. The stable fluctuation of the diameter HD indicates that the distance between the punch 26 and the die 23 is controlled to be approximately constant.

[0071] In the first embodiment of the forging machine 1, the determination unit 82 determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece (pin part P). Based on the determination result of the determination unit 82, the automatic adjustment unit 83 automatically performs an adjustment operation to cancel out the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As a result, the forging machine 1 can automatically perform an adjustment operation during operation in response to the effects of heat generation during operation, thereby suppressing a decrease in the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.

[0072] Furthermore, since downtime due to adjustment work is suppressed, the decline in production efficiency is suppressed. In addition, since there is no need to frequently check the dimensions of workpieces and parts, and the adjustment work by the operator is reduced, significant labor savings are achieved. Moreover, since automatic adjustment is performed instead of manual adjustment work by the operator, reliance on the individual operator's experience, intuition, and know-how is reduced. Furthermore, since the forging machine 1 has only one type of detection unit (31-35) and the calculation processing method of the calculation unit 81 is also simple, the cost is lower compared to the configuration using two types of sensors described in Patent Document 2.

[0073] 6. Forging machine 1 of the second embodiment Next, the forging machine 1 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 12. The forging machine 1 of the second embodiment has the same overall configuration as the first embodiment and includes a pin position adjustment unit 5 and a pin detection unit (not shown). In Figure 12, the die pin 234 and the kick-out pin 23A are in the protruding position.

[0074] The detailed configuration of the die spin 234 and kickout pin 23A will now be described. As previously mentioned, the die spin 234 has its rear surface 235 inserted into the die body 231, becoming part of the die 23. The kickout pin 23A is positioned in contact with the front side of the die spin 234 and is capable of working in conjunction with the die spin 234. The kickout pin 23A has a flange portion 236 in the middle of its length in the front-to-back direction and a pushing surface 237 on its front side. On the other hand, a cylindrical pin retaining tube 211 is provided on the frame 21 side so as to be movable in the front-to-back direction. The pin retaining tube 211 holds the portion of the kickout pin 23A between the flange portion 236 and the pushing surface 237 so as to be movable in the front-to-back direction.

[0075] Furthermore, the kick-out pin 23A is constantly biased forward by the biasing force of the biasing spring 238 located behind the flange portion 236. As a result, the flange portion 236 of the kick-out pin 23A is in contact with the pin holding cylinder 211, and at this time the die pin 234 is in the machining position. While the punch 26 moves forward from the rear dead center to the front dead center to perform the cold forging process, the die pin 234 remains in the machining position shown in Figure 5.

[0076] When the forging process is complete, the kick-out lever 212, driven by the kick-out cam 9H, swings backward, pushing the push surface 237 of the kick-out pin 23A backward. This causes the kick-out pin 23A to push the die spin 234 backward. The die spin 234 moves from the machining position to the ejection position, ejecting the completed forged workpiece from the die body 231. After this, when the kick-out lever 212 swings forward and returns, the kick-out pin 23A automatically returns due to the action of the biasing spring 238. The die spin 234 will then be pushed back to the machining position by the workpiece before machining during the next forging process.

[0077] In the second embodiment, the die body 231 and die pins 234 are treated as dimensionally influential members. The die detection unit 34 detects the temperature rise value DT4 of the die body 231 during operation. The pin detection unit (not shown) detects the temperature rise value DT6 of the die pins 234 during operation. The pin detection unit can be configured by attaching a temperature-sensing unit for contact measurement to the die pins 234, or by providing a non-contact thermometer on the frame 21 side. Alternatively, the kick-out pin 23A may be treated as a dimensionally influential member, and its temperature rise value may be detected.

[0078] The pin position adjustment unit 5 operates during adjustment work when the die 23 is replaced due to a change in the part being manufactured. The pin position adjustment unit 5 can also operate while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As shown in Figure 12, the pin position adjustment unit 5 consists of an adjustment motor 51, a drive gear 52, an intermediate gear 53, an encoder 54, and an operating cylinder 55. The adjustment motor 51 is mounted on the frame 21 and controlled by the automatic adjustment unit 83. The adjustment motor 51 can be switched between forward and reverse rotation. A drive gear 52 is provided on the output shaft of the adjustment motor 51. The drive gear 52 meshes with the intermediate gear 53. The encoder 54 detects the amount of rotation of the intermediate gear 53 and transmits the detection result to the automatic adjustment unit 83. This allows the automatic adjustment unit 83 to check the amount of rotation of the adjustment motor 51 and control the rotation amount appropriately.

[0079] The operating cylinder 55 is rotatably positioned on the outer circumference of the pin retaining cylinder 211. Furthermore, the operating cylinder 55 is supported by the frame 21 so as not to move in the front-rear direction. The operating cylinder 55 is rotationally driven by a gear on its outer circumference that meshes with an intermediate gear 53. A screw feed mechanism is configured between the inner circumference of the operating cylinder 55 and the outer circumference of the pin retaining cylinder 211, allowing relative movement in the front-rear direction.

[0080] When the operating cylinder 55 is rotated by the adjustment motor 51, the pin holding cylinder 211 moves in the front-rear direction due to the action of the screw feed mechanism. As a result, the position of the kick-out pin 23A and the machining position of the die pin 234 move in the front-rear direction. Therefore, the automatic adjustment unit 83 can automatically adjust the machining position of the die pin 234 in the front-rear direction while the forging machine 1 is in operation.

[0081] Next, the operation of the forging machine 1 of the second embodiment will be described in the case of forging the shaft PA of the pin component P shown in Figure 9. After the forging machine 1 starts operation, the die detection unit 34 detects the temperature rise value DT4 of the die body 231. The pin detection unit also detects the temperature rise value DT6 of the die pin 234. The calculation unit 81 receives the temperature rise value DT4 data from the die detection unit 34 and the temperature rise value DT6 data from the pin detection unit.

[0082] Next, the calculation unit 81 calculates the amount of expansion in the front-to-back direction of the die body 231 and die spine 234 based on the temperature rise values ​​(DT4, DT6) of the die body 231 and die spine 234, as well as their thermal expansion coefficients. Furthermore, the calculation unit 81 calculates the amount of dimensional change in the front-to-back direction of the workpiece's machining dimensions based on these amounts of expansion. Here, the neck length AL of the pin component P corresponds to the machining dimensions of the workpiece. In the second embodiment, the calculation unit 81 only needs to calculate the amount of dimensional change D6 of the distance AD ​​between the rear surface 233 of the die body 231 and the rear surface 235 of the die spine 234 as the amount of dimensional change of the neck length AL.

[0083] During calculations, the reference position (fixed point position) when the die body 231 and die spine 234 extend in the front-to-back direction depends on the detailed structure of the forging machine 1. The size and shape of the part being manufactured also affect the dimensional change D6. Therefore, the dimensional change D6 caused by heat generation during operation can be either positive or negative. Accordingly, it is preferable to determine in advance the relationship between the temperature rise values ​​(DT4, DT6) of the die body 231 and die spine 234 and the dimensional change D6 using methods such as experiments or simulations.

[0084] Furthermore, the temperature rise value DT6 of the die spine 234 has a strong correlation with the temperature rise value DT4 of the die body 231. Therefore, if the temperature rise value DT6 of the die spine 234 can be estimated from the temperature rise value DT4 of the die body 231, the pin detection unit can be omitted. In this case, the relationship between the temperature rise value DT4 of the die body 231 and the dimensional change amount D6 can be determined in advance using methods such as experiments or simulations.

[0085] The determination unit 82 determines that an adjustment operation is necessary when the dimensional change amount D6 has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation or the last adjustment. If an adjustment operation is necessary, the automatic adjustment unit 83 rotates the adjustment motor 51 by an amount of rotation equivalent to the dimensional change amount D6 while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As a result, the dimensional change amount D6 is canceled out and the separation distance AD ​​is kept approximately constant. In other words, the decrease in the dimensional accuracy of the neck dimension AL of the pin part P is suppressed. Furthermore, similar to the first embodiment, the effects of suppressing the decrease in production efficiency, significantly reducing labor, and reducing reliance on the experience of individual workers are achieved.

[0086] 7.Wire feeding device 6 Next, the wire supply device 6 provided in the cold forging machine 1 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 13 to 15. Note that the left side of Figure 13 is the rear side of the cold forging machine 1, and the right side of Figure 13 is the front side of the cold forging machine 1. The wire is supplied from the right side of Figure 13 in the form of a coil wound on a drum, or in the form of a straight line of a certain length. The wire supply device 6 includes a wire delivery unit 61 and a wire cutting unit 6A. The wire delivery unit 61 delivers long wires in predetermined lengths ML (see Figure 15). The wire cutting unit 6A cuts the wires to create workpieces with cut dimensions corresponding to the predetermined length ML.

[0087] The wire feeding section 61 consists of a fixed gripping section 62, a movable gripping section 63, a feed rod 64, a feed lever 65, and a guide tube 67. The fixed gripping section 62 is fixed to the frame 21. The fixed gripping section 62 has a fixed block 621, a lifting block 622, and a lifting mechanism 623. The fixed block 621 is in contact with the underside of the wire as it comes forward and supports the underside of the wire. The lifting block 622 is mounted above the fixed block 621 so as to be able to move up and down, and is located above the wire.

[0088] The lifting block 622 grips the wire by sandwiching it between itself and the fixed block 621 as it descends. The lifting block 622 releases the wire as it rises, allowing it to be fed out to the rear. Grooves extending in the front-rear direction are formed on the upper surface of the fixed block 621 and the lower surface of the lifting block 622, enabling stable gripping of the wire. The lifting mechanism 623 moves the lifting block 622 up and down. The lifting mechanism 623 can be an air-operated mechanism driven by the intake and exhaust of compressed air, or an electric-operated mechanism driven by a motor.

[0089] The movable gripping section 63 is mounted on two upper and lower guide rails 213 that are horizontally provided on the frame 21. The movable gripping section 63 is positioned in front of the fixed gripping section 62 and moves in the front-rear direction along the guide rails 213. The movable gripping section 63 has a fixed block 631, a lifting block 632, and a lifting mechanism 633. The configuration and operation method of the movable gripping section 63 for gripping and releasing the wire are substantially the same as those of the fixed gripping section 62.

[0090] The feed rod 64 is a plate-shaped or rod-shaped member extending in the front-rear direction. The front end 641 of the feed rod 64 is connected to the movable gripping portion 63. The feed rod 64 is permitted to tilt slightly up and down from a horizontal position around the front end 641. A protruding engaging portion 642 provided at the rear of the feed rod 64 is rotatably engaged with the annular engaging portion 652 of the feed lever 65.

[0091] The feed lever 65 is a vertically elongated member extending both vertically from the pivot axis 651 (see Figure 14). The feed lever 65 has an annular engaging portion 652 at its upper end. The feed lever 65 swings about the pivot axis 651 and reciprocates between a return position where the annular engaging portion 652 is located in front and a feed position where the annular engaging portion 652 is located in rear. The swing of the feed lever 65 drives the feed rod 64 in the front-rear direction. Therefore, the movable gripping portion 63, driven by the feed rod 64, reciprocates between the front return position and the rear feed position. In Figure 13, the front return position of the feed lever 65 is shown by a dashed line, the rear feed position is shown by a solid line, and the rear feed position of the movable gripping portion 63 is also shown.

[0092] As shown in Figure 14, the feed lever 65 is driven by the feed cam 9F. More specifically, the feed cam 9F rotates around a central axis 9F1 and completes one rotation corresponding to one reciprocating motion of the punch 26. The feed cam 9F has a lift surface 9F2 that is relatively far from the central axis 9F1 and a base surface 9F3 that is relatively close to the central axis 9F1, and has a non-circular cross-sectional profile. The profile of the feed cam 9F is appropriately designed to match the cutting timing of the wire cutting section 6A, etc.

[0093] An intermediate oscillating member 66 is positioned close to the feed cam 9F of the frame 21. The intermediate oscillating member 66 oscillates around a pivot axis 661 supported by the frame 21. The intermediate oscillating member 66 has a cam follower 662 and a plate 663. The cam follower 662 has a circular cross-section and is rotatable, and can contact the lift surface 9F2 and base surface 9F3 of the feed cam 9F. The plate 663 is a flat plate-shaped member. The intermediate oscillating member 66 is constantly biased in the counterclockwise direction shown in Figure 14 by a biasing member (not shown). As a result, the cam follower 662 is pressed against the lift surface 9F2 or the base surface 9F3, and the oscillating position of the intermediate oscillating member 66 changes accordingly. Furthermore, the position and inclination angle of the plate 663 change. The amount of position change of the plate 663 is large at the top, away from the pivot axis 661, and small at the bottom, closer to the pivot axis 661.

[0094] On the other hand, the feed lever 65 has a tongue 653 at its lower part. The tongue 653 has a self-rotating roller 654 at its rear. The feed lever 65 is constantly biased in the clockwise direction shown in Figure 14 by a biasing member (not shown). As a result, the roller 654 is pressed against the plate 663 of the intermediate oscillating member 66. Then, the position of the roller 654 changes in accordance with the position and inclination angle of the plate 663, and ultimately, the oscillating position of the feed lever 65 changes.

[0095] That is, as shown in Figure 14, the intermediate oscillating member 66, with the cam follower 662 pressed against the base surface 9F3, swings counterclockwise. At this time, the feed lever 65 swings clockwise to the return position. Also, as shown in Figure 15, the intermediate oscillating member 66, with the cam follower 662 pressed against the lift surface 9F2, swings clockwise. At this time, the feed lever 65 swings counterclockwise to the feed position. When the feed lever 65 swings from the return position to the feed position, the annular engaging portion 652 moves backward by a horizontal displacement amount ML (see Figure 15). This horizontal displacement amount ML is equal to the displacement amount of the movable gripping portion 63 in the front-rear direction, and therefore coincides with the predetermined length dimension ML.

[0096] As shown in Figure 13, the guide tube 67 is positioned horizontally so as to extend from the movable gripping section 63 toward the wire cutting section 6A. The guide tube 67 is a long cylindrical member. An enlarged opening 671 attached to the front end of the guide tube 67 opens at the height between the fixed block 631 and the lifting block 632 of the movable gripping section 63 to receive the tip of the wire. The guide tube 67 guides the wire to the wire cutting section 6A while housing the wire.

[0097] The wire cutting section 6A is located behind the guide tube 67. The wire cutting section 6A consists of a fixed blade 6B, a movable blade 6C, and a drive lever (not shown in the figure). The fixed blade 6B and the movable blade 6C are annular blades through which the wire passes. The fixed blade 6B is fixedly positioned behind the guide tube 67 and has an enlarged opening similar to that of the guide tube 67. The movable blade 6C operates between an initial position that is almost in contact with the rear surface of the fixed blade 6B and an operating position that is offset in the width direction from the fixed blade 6B. The drive lever is driven by the cutter cam 9D to operate the movable blade 6C.

[0098] At the moment the wire cutting section 6A cuts the wire, the movable gripping section 63 and feed lever 65 are in the feeding position, the fixed gripping section 62 and movable gripping section 63 are gripping the wire, and the movable blade 6C has moved to the operating position. The operation of the wire supply device 6 after this will be described. First, the fixed gripping section 62 maintains the gripping state of the wire, and the movable gripping section 63 releases the wire. Next, the feed lever 65 and movable gripping section 63 return to their return positions. In parallel, the movable blade 6C returns from the operating position to the initial position. After that, the movable gripping section 63 grips the wire, and the fixed gripping section 62 releases the wire, and the device is ready to feed out the wire.

[0099] Next, the feed lever 65 swings from the return position to the feed position, and the movable gripping part 63 moves from the return position to the feed position to feed out the wire. Then, the fixed gripping part 62 grips the wire, and the movable blade 6C moves from the initial position to the operating position to cut (shear) the wire. The workpiece created by cutting is pushed out from the movable blade 6C toward the first pair of fingers of the transfer device 27 by a pusher member driven by the pusher cam 9E.

[0100] 8. Forging machine 1 of the third embodiment Next, the forging machine 1 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 14 to 16. The forging machine 1 of the third embodiment has the same overall configuration as the first embodiment and includes a feed amount adjustment unit 7 and a lever detection unit (not shown). The feed amount adjustment unit 7 adjusts the cutting dimensions of the workpiece to be cut by the wire supply device 6. The feed amount adjustment unit 7 operates when adjustment work is performed to change the material or diameter of the wire, or the cutting dimensions, due to changes in the parts to be manufactured. The feed amount adjustment unit 7 can also operate while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As shown in Figure 14, the feed amount adjustment unit 7 consists of an adjustment motor 71, a joint 72, and a lifting mechanism 73, etc.

[0101] The adjustment motor 71 is mounted on the frame 21 and controlled by the automatic adjustment unit 83. The adjustment motor 71 can be switched between forward and reverse rotation. The joint 72 is rotatably mounted directly on the output shaft of the adjustment motor 71, or via a variable speed gear mechanism. The joint 72 transmits the rotation of the adjustment motor 71 to the lifting mechanism 73. The joint 72 is of a type called a telescopic triball joint. More specifically, the joint 72 has a triball section 721 at its upper end and a triball section 723 at its lower end, allowing for changes in the tilt angle. Furthermore, the joint 72 has a telescopic section 722 in the middle of its length, allowing for changes in length. As a result, the joint 72 can stably transmit rotation even when the position and tilt angle of the lifting mechanism 73 change.

[0102] The lifting mechanism 73 is provided on the feed lever 65. The lifting mechanism 73 is rotationally driven by the joint 72 to move the tongue 653 up and down between the raised and lowered positions. The lifting mechanism 73 can be exemplified by, but is not limited to, a screw feed mechanism. The automatic adjustment unit 83 can stop the tongue 653 at any position between the raised and lowered positions by adjusting the amount of movement of the adjustment motor 71.

[0103] In the raised position of the tongue 653 shown in Figures 14 and 15, the roller 654 is pressed against the upper part of the plate 663 where the amount of positional change is large. Therefore, the swing angle range of the feed lever 65 is at its maximum, and the horizontal movement amount ML (predetermined length dimension ML) reaches its maximum value MLmax. On the other hand, in the lowered position of the tongue 653 shown in Figure 16, the roller 654 is pressed against the lower part of the plate 663 where the amount of positional change is small. As a result, the feed lever 65 swings between the return position shown by the solid line and the feed position shown by the dashed line, with the annular engagement portion 652 and the roller 654 moving.

[0104] As can be seen from comparing Figure 15 and Figure 16, the feed position of the feed lever 65 does not change regardless of the position of the tongue 653. On the other hand, as can be seen from comparing Figure 14 with the dashed line position in Figure 16, as the position of the tongue 653 descends, the return position of the feed lever 65 gradually approaches the feed position. As a result, when the tongue 653 is in the lowered position, the swing angle range of the feed lever 65 is minimized, and the horizontal movement amount ML (predetermined length dimension ML) becomes the minimum value MLmin (see Figure 16). During adjustment, the feed amount adjustment unit 7 adjusts the tongue 653 to an appropriate height position and sets the swing angle range of the feed lever 65 and the predetermined length dimension ML (wire cutting dimension).

[0105] In the third embodiment, the feed lever 65 is selected as a representative member representing the degree of temperature rise of the wire feed section 61 and is treated as a dimensionally influencing member. The lever detection unit detects the temperature rise value when the feed lever 65 is in operation. The lever detection unit can be configured by attaching a temperature sensing unit that performs contact measurement to the feed lever 65, or by providing a non-contact thermometer on the frame 21 side. Note that a component other than the feed lever 65 may be used as a representative member for the dimensionally influencing member.

[0106] Next, the operation of the forging machine 1 of the third embodiment will be described. After the forging machine 1 starts operating, the lever detection unit detects the temperature rise value DT7 of the feed lever 65. The calculation unit 81 receives the temperature rise value DT7 data from the lever detection unit. Next, the calculation unit 81 calculates the dimensional change amount of a predetermined length dimension ML as an amount corresponding to the dimensional change amount that changes the cutting dimension of the workpiece.

[0107] Here, we assume that the feed lever 65 expands due to a rise in temperature. In this case, the oscillation radius connecting the pivot axis 651 and the annular engagement portion 652 increases. Therefore, if the oscillation angle of the feed lever 65 remains constant, the horizontal movement amount ML and the predetermined length dimension ML increase by the amount by which the oscillation radius increases.

[0108] In reality, components other than the feed lever 65 that make up the wire feeding section 61, such as the feed cam 9F, also experience a temperature rise, making it difficult to calculate the dimensional change of the predetermined length dimension ML. For example, both the guide rail 213 and the feed rod 64 expand in the front-rear direction due to the temperature rise. The extent to which this expansion affects the predetermined length dimension ML depends on the detailed structure of the wire supply device 6. Therefore, it is preferable to determine in advance the relationship between the temperature rise value DT7 of the feed lever 65 and the dimensional change of the predetermined length dimension ML using methods such as experiments or simulations.

[0109] The determination unit 82 determines that an adjustment operation is necessary when the dimensional change amount of the predetermined length dimension ML has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation or the last adjustment. If an adjustment operation is necessary, the automatic adjustment unit 83 rotates the adjustment motor 71 by an amount of rotation equivalent to the dimensional change amount while the forging machine 1 is in operation. As a result, the height position of the tongue 653 changes, the feeding position of the feed lever 65 changes, the dimensional change amount is canceled out, and the predetermined length dimension ML is kept approximately constant. In other words, a decrease in the dimensional accuracy of the cut dimensions of the workpiece is suppressed. Furthermore, similar to the first embodiment, the effects of suppressing a decrease in production efficiency, significantly reducing labor, and reducing reliance on the individual experience of the operator are achieved.

[0110] The automatic adjustment unit 83 can automatically adjust the predetermined length dimension ML based on adjustment factors other than the temperature rise value of the dimensionally influencing member. To achieve this automatic adjustment, the determination unit 82 determines whether automatic adjustment is necessary based on at least one of the following items: (A) the amount of wire fed out by the wire feeding unit 61, (B) the cutting dimensions of the workpiece cut by the wire cutting unit 6A, (C) the forming load generated between the die 23 and the punch 26, and (D) the shape or mass of the waste when punching is performed on the workpiece by the die 23 and the punch 26.

[0111] 9. Modifications and Applications of Embodiments In the first embodiment, if the reference position (fixed point position) when the connecting rod 29, ram 24, punch 26, and die 23 extend differs from that described above, it is necessary to modify equation (2) for calculating the dimensional reduction amount D1. Also, depending on the structure of the forging machine 1, the temperature rise of the frame 21 may be small, and its extension amount LL5 may not need to be considered. In other words, the determination unit 82 may determine whether or not adjustment operation is necessary based on the dimensional reduction amount D1 obtained by the calculation of equation (2), without using equations (3) and (4). Furthermore, the determination unit 82 may make a determination considering the extension amounts of the punch 26, die 23, and frame 21 (LL3, LL4, LL5), but not considering the extension amounts of the connecting rod 29 and ram 24 (LL1, LL2).

[0112] Furthermore, although each embodiment has been described based on the effect of dimensional changes of the dimensionally influencing member, the forging machine 1 may also perform determination and automatic adjustment based on the shape change of the dimensionally influencing member. For example, in the third embodiment, the feed cam 9F with a non-circular cross-section may change shape because the amount of expansion due to temperature rise differs between the lift surface 9F2 and the base surface 9F3, and the temperature rise value may differ depending on the position within the cam. If the shape of the feed cam 9F changes, it will affect the predetermined length dimension ML, so the feed cam 9F can be treated as a dimensionally influencing member. In this case, the calculation unit 81 should calculate the degree of shape change of the feed cam 9F based on the detection result of the cam detection unit that detects the temperature rise value of the feed cam 9F, and then calculate the amount of dimensional change of the predetermined length dimension ML. In addition, the present invention can be applied to vertical forging machines and presses by reinterpreting the direction of movement of the punch 26 as the vertical direction. The present invention can also be modified and applied in various other ways. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0113] 1: Cold forging machine 21: Frame 22: Dice holder 23: Dice 231: Dice body 234: Kick-out pin 24: Ram 25: Punch holder 26: Punch 27: Transfer device 29: Connecting rod 31: Connecting rod detection unit 32: Ram detection unit 33: Punch detection unit 34: Dice detection unit 35: Frame detection unit 4: Cotter adjustment section 41: Cotter member 42: Cotter operating section 43: Cotterliner 44: Common control unit 5: Pin position adjustment section 51: Adjustment motor 55: Operating cylinder 6: Wire feeding device 61: Wire feeding section 62: Fixed gripping section 63: Movable gripping section 65: Feed lever 6A: Wire cutting section 6B: Fixed blade 6C: Movable blade 7: Feed volume adjustment unit 71: Adjustment motor 72: Joint 73: Lifting mechanism 8: Control device 81: Calculation unit 82: Judgment unit 83: Automatic adjustment unit 9: Drive unit 91: Drive source 96: Crankshaft D1: Dimensional reduction D2: Net dimensional reduction LE1~LE5: Effective length P: Pin component PH: Head PA: Shaft

Claims

1. A die that holds the workpiece, A punch that, in conjunction with the die, performs a pressing operation on the workpiece by reciprocating in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, A drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, A detection unit for detecting the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, A calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, A determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece, The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the dimensional change amount of the workpiece during operation, based on the determination result of the determination unit, The aforementioned die is A die body that holds at least the periphery of the workpiece, A die spin that holds at least a portion of the end face of the workpiece at the processing position, and moves in the forward and backward direction from the processing position after the cold forging process is completed to push the workpiece out of the die body, It has a kickout pin that drives the die spin, The detection unit detects the temperature rise value of at least one of the dimension-influencing members, namely the die body, the die pin, and the kickout pin. The calculation unit calculates the amount of expansion of the die in the front-to-back direction based on the detected temperature rise value and the thermal expansion coefficient of the die, and further calculates the amount of change in the front-to-back dimensions of the workpiece's machining dimensions based on the amount of expansion. Forging machine.

2. The forging machine according to claim 1, wherein the automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts the processing position of the die spine in the front-rear direction.

3. A die that holds the workpiece, A punch that, in conjunction with the die, performs a pressing operation on the workpiece by reciprocating in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, A drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, A detection unit for detecting the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, A calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, A determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece, An automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece during operation based on the determination result of the determination unit, The wire supply device comprises a wire feeding unit that feeds out long wires in predetermined lengths, and a wire cutting unit that cuts the fed-out wires to create the workpiece, At least one member constituting the wire feeding section is the dimensional influencing member, The calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change of the predetermined length dimension as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change that causes the cutting dimension of the workpiece to change. The automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the predetermined length dimension remains constant. Forging machine.

4. The forging machine according to claim 3, wherein the automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts the predetermined length dimension based on adjustment factors other than the temperature rise value of the dimensionally influencing member.

5. At least one of the components constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimensionally influencing member, The calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimensions of the workpiece. The automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the separation dimension becomes constant. The forging machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A die that holds the workpiece, A punch that, in conjunction with the die, performs a pressing operation on the workpiece by reciprocating in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, A drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, A detection unit for detecting the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, A calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, A determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece, The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the dimensional change amount of the workpiece during operation, based on the determination result of the determination unit, At least one of the components constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimensionally influencing member, The calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimensions of the workpiece. The automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the separation dimension becomes constant. The drive unit has a crankshaft that is rotationally driven by a drive source, and a connecting rod whose one end is connected to the crankshaft and whose other end is connected to the ram having the punch. The connecting rod and the ram are the dimensionally influencing members. Forging machine.

7. A die that holds the workpiece, A punch that, in conjunction with the die, performs a pressing operation on the workpiece by reciprocating in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, A drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, A detection unit for detecting the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, A calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, A determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece, The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the dimensional change amount of the workpiece during operation, based on the determination result of the determination unit, At least one of the components constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimensionally influencing member, The calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimensions of the workpiece. The automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the separation dimension becomes constant. The aforementioned automatic adjustment unit is A cotter member is provided with an inclined adjustment slope and is movable in the vertical direction, A cotter operating unit for operating the cotter member in the vertical direction, A driven slope and a punch are provided that slide in contact with the adjustment slope of the cotter member, and a cotter liner moves in the front-rear direction in response to the vertical movement of the cotter member. The punch has a mechanism to automatically adjust its position in the front-rear direction. Forging machine.

8. A plurality of forging processes comprising the die, the punch, and the automatic adjustment unit, A common operating unit is provided so as to be detachably attached to the cotter operating unit of each of the multiple automatic adjustment units, and transmits operating force to the cotter operating unit with which it engages, The forging machine according to claim 7, comprising:

9. A die that holds the workpiece, A punch that, in conjunction with the die, performs a pressing operation on the workpiece by reciprocating in the forward and backward direction while facing the die, A drive unit that drives the reciprocating motion of the punch, A detection unit for detecting the temperature rise during operation of a dimensionally influencing member whose dimensional or shape changes due to heat generation during operation affect the dimensions of the workpiece, A calculation unit that calculates the amount of dimensional change of the workpiece based on the temperature rise value and thermal expansion coefficient of the dimensionally influencing member, A determination unit that determines whether or not an adjustment operation is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the workpiece based on the amount of change in the dimensions of the workpiece, The system includes an automatic adjustment unit that automatically performs the adjustment operation to cancel the dimensional change amount of the workpiece during operation, based on the determination result of the determination unit, At least one of the components constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit is the dimensionally influencing member, The calculation unit calculates the amount of dimensional change in the distance between the punch and the die, which have been driven to a predetermined position by the drive unit, as an amount corresponding to the amount of dimensional change in the front-rear direction of the machining dimensions of the workpiece. The automatic adjustment unit automatically adjusts so that the separation dimension becomes constant. The determination unit determines that the adjustment operation is necessary when the amount of change in the distance dimension has changed by a predetermined amount or more since the start of operation or the previous adjustment. Forging machine.

10. At least one of the components constituting the drive unit is positioned in the opposite direction to the die relative to the punch, The calculation unit calculates the amount of elongation in the front-rear direction of at least one of the components constituting the die, the punch, and the drive unit, based on the temperature rise value and the thermal expansion coefficient of each component, and further calculates the amount of dimensional decrease corresponding to the dimensional change in the separation dimension by adding the respective elongation amounts. A forging machine according to any one of claims 5 to 9.

11. The forging machine comprises a frame on which the die is provided and the punch is provided so as to be movable in the front-rear direction, and the frame is the dimensional influencing member. The calculation unit calculates the dimensional change of the separation dimension based on the amount of elongation in the front-rear direction of the frame, which is calculated based on the temperature rise value and the thermal expansion coefficient of the frame. The forging machine according to any one of claims 5 to 10.

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