Mushroom cultivation system and method utilizing solar power generation

Abstract

This invention provides a mushroom cultivation system that utilizes solar power generation, in which a darkroom is set up beneath a solar power generation device, and the electricity generated by the solar panels in the darkroom is used to cultivate mushrooms in a substrate using aeration. [Solution] This is a darkroom having a top surface on which solar power generation panels are arranged, and a side surface that is airtightly connected to the top surface. In this darkroom, mushrooms are produced using aeration cultivation with mushroom substrate cultivation using electricity generated by solar power generation, and any surplus electricity is output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation system and a cultivation method that utilize electric power generated by solar power generation. More specifically, the present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation system and a cultivation method for performing air-conditioned cultivation of mushrooms using electric power generated by solar power generation.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the use of solar cells, which are clean energy, has been recommended. However, a solar power generation panel used in solar power generation requires a gap for allowing incident sunlight to pass through. When converting a part of the land into solar cells, the land for allowing sunlight to pass through becomes wasted, and there is a problem in terms of the effective use of land. For this reason, log cultivation of mushrooms using the shaded space below solar power generation panels has been proposed and partially put into practical use. However, the space below solar power generation panels is narrow, and mushroom cultivation has to rely on manual labor, so it has been difficult for farmers troubled by a labor shortage to use.

[0003] Also, Patent Document 1 discloses a cultivation system having a double-sided light-receiving type solar cell panel that effectively utilizes the space below a solar cell panel and also receives reflected light to increase the light-receiving area of sunlight. However, in the cultivation system with a solar cell panel described in Patent Document 1, the power generation efficiency of the solar cell on the back side is low, and the increase in the power generation amount does not correspond to the investment amount.

[0004] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes a solar power generation unit having a solar cell panel disposed on a gantry and a container installed below the solar cell panel. However, it is not described that a dark room is provided below the solar cell panel and mushrooms are cultivated by an industrial method using inexpensive electricity generated by the solar cell in the dark room.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-29120 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-123253 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 9-65760 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-24087 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-137273 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-90409 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-61541 [Patent Document 8] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-107854 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The present invention aims to increase mushroom production revenue and reduce the labor burden of mushroom cultivation by installing a darkroom in the shaded area below a solar power generation panel, using a portion of the inexpensive electricity obtained from solar power generation within the darkroom, cultivating large quantities of high-quality mushrooms in a short period, harvesting multiple times throughout the year, and outputting surplus electricity, thereby eliminating the need to purchase land for installing a darkroom. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation, comprising: a solar power generation module 2 equipped with a darkroom 13 formed by a top surface 10 formed by arranging a plurality of solar power generation panels 12 and a light-shielding side surface 11 connected to the top surface 10; a storage battery 20 provided inside the darkroom 13 for storing electricity generated by the solar power generation panels 12; and an external power supply 30 for outputting surplus power; and a mushroom cultivation module 3 equipped with a mushroom cultivation device 21, a humidifier 22, an air conditioning device 23, a sterilization device 24, a heating device 25, and a cooling device 26 that are operated using the power output from the solar power generation module 2, the mushroom cultivation system 1 for cultivating mushrooms 5, characterized in that the mushrooms 5 are cultivated in a short period of time, harvested multiple times throughout the year regardless of the season, and the device outputs surplus power.

[0008] Furthermore, it is preferable that the mushroom cultivation module 3 is an air-conditioned cultivation device (see, for example, Patent Document 4) equipped with a mushroom cultivation device 21, a humidifier 22, an air conditioning device 23, a sterilization device 24, a heating device 25, and a cooling device 26.

[0009] Here, it is preferable that the mushroom cultivation apparatus 21 is a mushroom bed cultivation apparatus that uses a mushroom substrate 5 (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

[0010] Furthermore, it is preferable that the top surface 10 and side surfaces 11 of the mushroom cultivation module 3 are made of a material that has heat insulating properties.

[0011] The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method that uses a mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation as described in claim 1, wherein the mushroom substrate 5 is sterilized by a sterilization device 24 (see, for example, Patent Document 5), inoculated with mushroom spawn, placed in a mushroom cultivation device 21 (see, for example, Patent Document 3), humidified by a humidification device 22 (see, for example, Patent Document 5), cultivated while being air-conditioned by an air conditioning device 23 (see, for example, Patent Document 4), heated by a heating device 25 if the temperature outside the mushroom cultivation device 21 is too low to a temperature suitable for cultivating mushrooms 5, cooled by a cooling device 26 if the temperature outside the mushroom cultivation device 21 is too high to a temperature suitable for cultivating mushrooms 5, the mushrooms 5 are cultivated in a short period of time, harvested multiple times throughout the year regardless of the season, the substrate can be reused several times after sterilization (see, for example, Patent Document 6), and surplus power is output from an external power source 30.

[0012] Here, the mushrooms 5 cultivated in this invention may include edible mushrooms such as enoki, buna shimeji, shiitake, maitake, eringi, nameko, oyster mushroom, wood ear mushroom, and button mushroom. These mushrooms are well known to be used as food.

[0013] Furthermore, the mushroom cultivation system 1 of the present invention is characterized in that an artificial culture medium is filled into a container and used as a substrate (see, for example, Patent Document 7), the mushroom spawn is inoculated into it, and it is placed in a mushroom cultivation device 21 (see, for example, Patent Document 3) and cultivated under controlled conditions.

[0014] In the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention, the framework of the prefabricated house 50 is constructed by forming a plurality of base members 51 installed on the ground, a plurality of support members 52 erected on the base members 51, a plurality of beam members 53 connecting the upper ends of the plurality of support members 52, and a plurality of roof members 54 connecting the upper ends of the plurality of beam members 53, all of which are made of wood. The solar power generation panels 12 are attached to the roof members 54, and light-shielding panels are attached to the roof members 54 excluding the support members 52, beam members 53, and the solar power generation panels to form the darkroom 13, and the mushroom cultivation module 3, the storage battery 20, and the external power supply 30 are provided inside the prefabricated house 50.

[0015] A key feature of this configuration is that a ventilation fan 55, driven by the external power supply 30, is attached to the roof member 54. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] The mushroom cultivation system 1 utilizing solar power generation according to the present invention includes a solar power generation module 2 equipped with a storage battery 20 that stores electricity generated by a solar power generation panel 12, and a mushroom cultivation module 3 that operates using the power output from the solar power generation module 2. The present invention utilizes a mushroom cultivation method that uses a substrate, in which an artificial culture medium is filled into a container and used as a mushroom bed. Therefore, compared to log cultivation, it is possible to harvest high-quality mushrooms in a shorter period of time and with a higher yield.

[0017] Furthermore, in the mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation of the present invention, if the temperature outside the mushroom cultivation device 21 is too low to be suitable for the growth of the mushrooms 5, the heating device 26 will heat it, and if it is too high, the cooling device 26 will cool it, thus providing air-conditioned cultivation. As a result, the mushrooms 5 are cultivated while their climate is controlled, allowing them to be grown in a short period of time and harvested multiple times throughout the year, regardless of the season.

[0018] For example, when converting a part of agricultural land into a solar power generation device using the method of the present invention, rather than simply converting the agricultural land into a solar power generation device, it is possible to increase the overall profit by providing a dark room under the solar power generation device to produce mushrooms and output surplus power.

[0019] Furthermore, while making use of agricultural technologies and experiences, by cultivating high-quality mushrooms in large quantities in a short period using an industrial method of air-conditioned cultivation and harvesting multiple times throughout the year, it is possible to effectively utilize capital, land, and energy, reduce the labor burden, and output surplus power to an external power source 30.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] [Figure 1] It is a schematic perspective view of the outer surface of a mushroom cultivation system using solar power generation of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mushroom cultivation system using solar power generation of the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a front view showing the skeleton of a prefabricated house in which the present invention is incorporated.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] Hereinafter, a cultivation system and a cultivation method for cultivating mushrooms using solar power generation of the present invention will be described. This description is for explaining the present invention of this application, and does not limit the technical scope of the present invention. The present invention can be variously modified and implemented within the scope not departing from the technical scope of the present invention of this application.

[0022] [Mushroom] A mushroom is a mass (fruiting body) of fungal hyphae that inhabits fallen leaves, wood, etc., decomposes dead leaves and dead trees with enzymes to absorb nutrients and reproduce, and does not require sunlight and can grow even in the dark.

[0023] In Japan, there are approximately 2,500 known species of mushrooms, and an estimated 2 to 3 times that number of unknown species. Of these, about 200 are well-known poisonous mushrooms, and about 300 are edible, with over a dozen of these being cultivated artificially for consumption. The present invention preferably includes enoki, buna-shimeji, shiitake, maitake, eringi, nameko, oyster mushroom, wood ear mushroom, and button mushroom, among other well-known edible mushrooms. Artificial cultivation of matsutake and truffles has not yet been perfected.

[0024] [Mushroom cultivation] Mushroom cultivation includes natural cultivation, which replicates the growing conditions in a natural environment, as well as artificial cultivation methods such as log cultivation, which involves planting mushroom spawn in felled logs or artificial growing media to harvest more fruiting bodies than naturally occurring ones, and substrate cultivation, which uses containers filled with nutrients as a substrate.

[0025] [Cultivation using mushroom beds] The mushroom bed cultivation method involves filling containers with an artificial culture medium made by mixing sawdust and nutrients such as rice bran, and currently, shiitake, oyster mushrooms, maitake, king oyster mushrooms, and enoki mushrooms are also cultivated using this method.

[0026] [Air-conditioned cultivation] Furthermore, there are two main methods for cultivating mushrooms: natural cultivation, which involves managing the temperature and humidity according to the natural cycle, and air-conditioned cultivation, which uses air conditioning equipment, including cooling and heating systems, to control the climate and allow for year-round cultivation regardless of the season. This invention combines the substrate cultivation method with the air-conditioned cultivation method. By combining the substrate cultivation method and the air-conditioned cultivation method, it is possible to harvest multiple times throughout the year with a cultivation period of approximately 5 to 20 weeks per harvest.

[0027] [Regarding solar power generation modules] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the mushroom cultivation system 1 utilizing solar power generation according to the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the mushroom cultivation system 1 of the present invention is characterized by comprising a top surface 10 formed by arranging a plurality of solar power generation panels 12, a darkroom 13 formed by light-shielding side surfaces 11, a storage battery 20 for storing electricity generated by the solar power generation panels 12, and an external power supply 30 for outputting surplus power.

[0028] [Regarding the cultivation module] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a mushroom cultivation system that utilizes solar power generation. As shown in Figure 2, the mushroom cultivation module 3 is equipped with a mushroom cultivation device 21 that is powered by electricity output from the solar power generation module 2.

[0029] Furthermore, the mushroom cultivation module 3 of the present invention is characterized by being equipped with a mushroom cultivation device 21, a humidifier 22, an air conditioning device 23, and a sterilization device 24, which are powered by electricity output from the solar power generation module 2. Preferably, the mushroom cultivation device 21 is a mushroom bed cultivation device.

[0030] Here, the mushroom cultivation system of the present invention is an air-conditioned cultivation device (see, for example, Patent Documents 4 and 8), and it is preferable that the mushroom cultivation device 21 is air-conditioned by heating when the outside temperature is too low to the suitable cultivation temperature for the mushrooms 5, and by cooling when it is too high. Therefore, it is preferable that the top surface 10 and side surface 11 of the mushroom cultivation module 3 are made of a material that has heat insulating properties.

[0031] Furthermore, the solar power generation module 2 can be tilted so that its northern end is 20 to 40 degrees higher than its southern end, or it can be rotated from eastward to westward to track the movement of the sun, or both of these can be done.

[0032] Furthermore, the mushroom cultivation module 3 of the present invention is characterized in that an artificial culture medium is packed into a container and used as a substrate, and is placed in a cultivation device (see, for example, Patent Document 3) and managed for cultivation.

[0033] Figure 3 shows the framework of a prefabricated house 50 into which the above components are incorporated. In this configuration, four prefabricated houses 50 are connected side by side. Each prefabricated house 50 has a framework constructed with multiple base members 51 installed on the ground, multiple support members 52 erected on the base members 51, multiple beam members 53 connecting the upper ends of the multiple support members 52, and multiple roof members 54 connecting the upper ends of the multiple beam members 53. All of the base members 51, support members 52, beam members 53, and roof members 54 that make up the framework are made of wood.

[0034] Wood has low thermal conductivity, excellent hygroscopic and water-absorbing properties, and is strong in tension and compression, as well as being flexible and resistant to bending. In this type of prefabricated house 50, since the entire frame is formed from wood, it can be made into a superior prefabricated house 50 with greater durability, weather resistance and earthquake resistance compared to frames made of metal pipes or resin pipes.

[0035] In this invention, solar power generation is made possible by attaching solar power generation panels 12 to the roof member 54. In addition, light-shielding panels (not shown) are attached to the support members 52, beam members 53, and the roof member 54 that does not have solar power generation panels attached. This makes the entire prefabricated house 50 a darkroom 13, and a mushroom cultivation module 3, a storage battery 20, and an external power supply 30 (see Figure 1) are placed inside the prefabricated house 50. This makes it possible to cultivate mushrooms.

[0036] In addition to the above, a ventilation fan 55 can be placed at the top of the roof member 54. By driving this ventilation fan 55 with power from an external power source 30, the air environment inside the prefabricated house 50, which is a darkroom, can be adjusted. Note that the ventilation fan 55 does not need to be placed if it is not necessary. [Examples]

[0037] (Shiitake mushroom cultivation device) The mushroom cultivation system 1 consisted of a solar power generation module 2 equipped with solar power generation panels 12 and a storage battery 20, comprising a darkroom 13 with dimensions of 50 meters x 30 meters, a top surface 10 with solar power generation panels laid on the upper side and insulation material laid on the lower side, and a side surface 11 with a height of 4.0 meters and insulation material provided on the inside, and a mushroom cultivation module 3 equipped with a mushroom cultivation device 21, a humidifier 22, an air conditioning device 23, a sterilizer 24, a heating device 25, and a cooling device 26. (culture medium) A nutrient source consisting of 9.0% wheat bran, 3.0% rice bran, and 2.0% whiskey residue was added to 86% oak sawdust, and water was further added to adjust the overall moisture content of the culture medium to 60%. (filling) Each gusseted, heat-resistant bag with a filter was filled with 2.5 kg of culture medium to form a substrate, which was then sterilized under high pressure at 120°C for 60 minutes and cooled in a sterile state. (inoculation) The mushroom bed was transferred to a shelf-like mushroom cultivation device 21, inoculated with shiitake mushroom spawn in a sterile environment, and immediately after completion, the opening of the mushroom bed bag was sealed. (Cultivation) In the mushroom cultivation apparatus 21, shiitake mushroom mycelium was cultivated in darkness at a substrate temperature of 18-20°C. As cultivation progressed, the substrate turned brown and clumps of shiitake mycelium formed on the sides of the substrate, at which point the substrate was opened. After opening, the shiitake mushroom mycelium was cultivated for 60 days while maintaining the temperature of the substrate at 20-22°C and the humidity at 70-90% by spraying water from a humidifier. Next, the mushroom bed temperature was maintained at 18-28°C, creating a day-night temperature difference. During the day, lighting was used, and the mushrooms were sprayed once a day for 60 minutes while managing the shiitake production for 10 days before harvesting. (harvest) We harvested 1.2 kg of shiitake mushrooms from each mushroom bed. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] 1. Mushroom cultivation system 2. Solar power generation modules 3. Mushroom cultivation module 5 Mushrooms 10 Top side 11 Side view 12 Solar panels 13 Darkroom 20 Storage batteries 21 Mushroom cultivation device 22 Humidifier 23 Air conditioner 24 Sterilizer 25 Heating equipment 26. Air conditioning system 30 External power supply 50 prefabricated houses 51. Base members 52 Support members 53 Beam members 54 Roofing components 55 Ventilation fan

Claims

1. A darkroom (13) is formed by an upper surface (10) formed by arranging multiple solar power generation panels (12) and a light-shielding side surface (11) connected to the upper surface (10), A solar power generation module (2) is provided inside the dark chamber (13) and is equipped with a storage battery (20) for storing electricity generated by the solar power generation panel (12) and an external power supply (30) for outputting surplus power, A mushroom cultivation module (3) is equipped with a mushroom cultivation device (21), a humidifier (22), an air conditioning device (23), a sterilization device (24), a heating device (25), and a cooling device (26) that are operated using electricity output from the solar power generation module (2), A mushroom cultivation system (1) is composed of the following components and is used to cultivate mushrooms (5): If the ambient temperature outside the mushroom cultivation apparatus (21) is too low to be suitable for cultivating the mushrooms (5), the apparatus is heated by the heating device (25), and if the ambient temperature outside the mushroom cultivation apparatus (21) is too high to be suitable for cultivating the mushrooms (5), the apparatus is cooled by the cooling device (26). The darkroom (13) is constructed such that the framework of the prefabricated house (50) is made of wood, and all of the following are formed: a plurality of base members (51) installed on the ground, a plurality of support members (52) erected on the plurality of base members (51), a plurality of beam members (53) connecting the upper ends of the plurality of support members (52), and a plurality of roof members (54) connecting the upper ends of the plurality of beam members (53). The solar power generation panels (12) are attached to the roof member (54), and the darkroom (13) is formed by attaching light-shielding panels to the support members (52), beam members (53), and the roof member (54) excluding the solar power generation panels (12), and the mushroom cultivation module (3), the storage battery (20), and the external power supply (30) are provided inside the prefabricated house (50). A mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation, characterized in that the aforementioned mushrooms (5) can be cultivated in a short period of time, harvested multiple times throughout the year regardless of the season, and the system can output surplus electricity.

2. The mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mushroom cultivation device (21) is a mushroom bed cultivation device in which the mushroom bed (5) is used.

3. The mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that the top surface (10) and side surface (11) of the mushroom cultivation module (3) are made of a material having heat insulating properties.

4. A method for cultivating mushrooms using a mushroom cultivation system utilizing solar power generation as described in claim 1, A mushroom cultivation method utilizing solar power generation, characterized in that the mushroom (5) substrate is sterilized by the sterilization device (24), inoculated with mushroom spawn, placed in the mushroom cultivation device (21), humidified by the humidification device (22), and cultivated while being air-conditioned by the air conditioning device (23), if the temperature outside the mushroom cultivation device (21) is too low to a temperature suitable for cultivating the mushroom (5), it is heated by the heating device (25), and if the temperature outside the mushroom cultivation device (21) is too high to a temperature suitable for cultivating the mushroom (5), it is cooled by the cooling device (26), the mushroom (5) is cultivated in a short period of time, harvested multiple times throughout the year regardless of the season, and surplus electricity is output from an external power source (30).

5. The method for cultivating mushrooms using solar power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that the mushroom (5) is an edible mushroom including enoki mushrooms, buna shimeji mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, and button mushrooms.

6. The mushroom cultivation method using solar power generation according to claim 4, characterized in that the mushroom cultivation system (1) is used as a substrate by filling a container with an artificial culture medium, inoculating it with mushroom spawn, and placing it in the mushroom cultivation device (21) for controlled cultivation.

7. The mushroom cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that a ventilation fan (55) driven by the external power supply (30) is attached to the roof member (54).

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