Exterior wall structure used in airtight external insulation with a ventilation layer in externally insulated buildings

Abstract

To provide an exterior heat insulating external wall structure of a close-contact ventilation layer type having a function of preventing water leakage related to a ventilation layer.SOLUTION: The outer wall structure according to the present invention is characterized by having a structure according to a construction principle called "flashing." The construction principle of flashing is to appropriately treat rainwater on surfaces and crevices and to prevent the occurrence of defects by selecting the parts to be wetted by rainwater and the form and arrangement of members. The exterior wall structure includes a concrete exterior wall, a heat-insulating layer, and an exterior backing material. A heat-insulating layer is arranged in contact with the concrete exterior wall. The exterior backing material has a plurality of vertical stripe grooves arranged opposite to the heat-insulating layer, and portions between the plurality of stripe grooves are in contact with the heat-insulating layer. The exterior backing material is arranged in contact with the exterior backing material. The exterior wall structure further includes a waterproof sheet arranged to cover the openings of at least the plurality of striations.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an externally insulated building made of reinforced concrete, and more specifically, to an airtight ventilation layer type externally insulated outer wall structure capable of preventing water leakage related to the ventilation layer.

Background Art

[0002] An externally insulated building made of reinforced concrete covers the outside of the concrete body with a heat insulation layer, so it can suppress cracks caused by heat stress due to solar radiation, and since the concrete body does not come into contact with air, it can suppress the carbonation of concrete, prevent the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars, improve the durability of the building, and further maintain the temperature environment inside the building and suppress the occurrence of condensation inside the building. Therefore, it is evaluated as an energy-saving high-performance building because it can suppress the growth of mold and mites and is excellent in terms of health.

[0003] As the main externally insulated construction methods used for such externally insulated buildings, the following four methods can be cited (Non-Patent Document 1). (1) Dry adhesion method [[ID=Z19]] It is a method of stretching a heat insulation composite panel in which an exterior base material and a heat insulation layer are integrated on an outer wall (body). (2) Wet adhesion method It is a method of stretching a heat insulation layer on an outer wall (body) and applying a thin coating wall to the heat insulation layer. (3) Ventilation layer method It is a method of stretching a heat insulation layer on an outer wall (body) and arranging an exterior base material or an exterior material with a space left outside it. The space between the heat insulation layer and the exterior base material or the exterior material becomes the ventilation layer. (4) Double wall method It is a method of stretching a heat insulation layer on a body and arranging an outer wall such as a thick brick, a concrete block, or a concrete plate with a space left outside it. The space between the heat insulation layer and the outer wall becomes the ventilation layer.

[0004] Among these construction methods, the ventilation layer method (3) is said to be particularly excellent as a method that can prevent internal condensation in the exterior wall structure. In the ventilation layer method, a ventilation layer is provided between the insulation layer and the exterior substrate or exterior material, so that water vapor (moisture) from the interior is discharged to the outside through the ventilation layer, and the effect of the temperature rise due to solar heat on the exterior substrate or exterior material on the interior can be suppressed. The applicant of this application has proposed, for example, the structure described in Patent Document 1 as an external insulation exterior wall structure that can be used in the ventilation layer method. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7174995 [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Hokkaido External Insulation Building Association (ed.), "External Insulation Construction Method Handbook," 2003, pp. 30-39. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] The exterior wall structure proposed in Patent Document 1 is a structure that is extremely effective in preventing the spread of fire to the insulation material in the event of a fire, but there is room for further improvement from the standpoint of preventing water leakage caused by the ventilation layer.

[0008] Firstly, in the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, the ventilation layer and the outside air are in unobstructed communication, particularly in the coping area. Raindrops carried by the airflow adhere to the inside of the coping, and the wind force can further guide the water droplets into the ventilation layer, causing them to descend through the ventilation layer. Raindrops that descend through the ventilation layer may cause leaks at the windows.

[0009] Next, in the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, a trim frame is installed above the window. The trim frame and the window frame are in contact with each other, and therefore, when filling the gap between the trim frame and the lower surface of the insulation layer with sealant, it is necessary to fill the sealant upwards from the narrow gap between the exterior material and the exterior base material and the trim frame. If the accuracy of the sealant filling is poor, the sealant may protrude into the ventilation layer from the outdoor surface of the insulation layer, and this protruding portion may act as a receptacle for water droplets descending the ventilation layer, and the accumulated water droplets may be sucked into the room due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the window.

[0010] Furthermore, in the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, the joint portion of the adjacent insulation layers on the upper and lower floors is located below the upper surface of the floor slab on each floor. In such a structure, the formwork installed when the concrete exterior wall is poured may damage or stain the insulation layer, and as a result, gaps may occur at the joint portion of the insulation layer.

[0011] Furthermore, in the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, since the horizontal joints are located at the joints of the insulation layers, if the sealant of the horizontal joints peels off from the exterior material due to aging deterioration or poor workmanship, rainwater that seeps in through the peeled-off area may adversely affect the joints of the insulation layers.

[0012] In view of the challenges in the background technology described above, the present invention aims to provide an externally insulated exterior wall structure of the close-fitting ventilated layer type that has the function of preventing water leakage related to the ventilated layer. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] The exterior wall structure according to the present invention is characterized by having a structure that conforms to a construction principle called "rainproofing." The rainproofing construction principle involves appropriately handling rainwater on surfaces and in gaps by selecting the form and arrangement of parts and components that are wetted by rainwater, thereby preventing the occurrence of defects.

[0014] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a weatherproof exterior wall structure used for airtight exterior insulation with a ventilation layer. The exterior wall structure comprises a concrete exterior wall, an insulation layer, and an exterior base material. The insulation layer is arranged in contact with the concrete exterior wall. The exterior base material has a plurality of vertical grooves arranged opposite to the insulation layer, and the portions between these grooves are in contact with the insulation layer. An exterior material is arranged on the exterior base material so as to be in contact with it. The exterior wall structure further comprises a waterproof sheet arranged to cover the openings of at least a plurality of grooves.

[0015] The waterproofing sheet can be either a breathable waterproofing sheet or a breathable waterproofing sheet. The breathable waterproofing sheet is positioned to cover the entire top surface of the exterior substrate and has multiple holes of a size that allows air to pass through but not water, at positions corresponding to at least multiple grooves. The breathable waterproofing sheet is positioned to cover the entire top surface of the exterior substrate and allows water vapor to pass through but not water at positions corresponding to at least multiple grooves.

[0016] In one embodiment, it is preferable that one or more horizontal grooves connecting multiple grooves are provided inside the exterior substrate material. These horizontal grooves are provided at a predetermined distance from the openings of the multiple grooves on the top surface of the exterior substrate material. In another embodiment, the horizontal grooves are provided around the ventilation opening, either below the ventilation opening, or both above and below the ventilation opening.

[0017] In one embodiment, the externally insulated building consists of two or more floors, in which case the insulation layer and the exterior sheathing material have heights corresponding to the height of each floor, and it is preferable that the joint position between two vertically adjacent insulation layers aligns with a position corresponding to the upper surface of the floor slab of each floor. In this form, a joint is provided between two vertically adjacent exterior sheathing materials, and it is more preferable that the joint is located below the joint position.

[0018] When the outer wall structure includes a window portion, it has a window frame and a channel member. The channel member is provided at the bottom surface of the heat insulation layer and the exterior base material with a gap between it and the window frame. The channel member has a length extending along the length direction of the bottom surface and a plurality of openings for introducing outside air into a plurality of strip grooves.

[0019] In one embodiment, the channel member has an upper surface contacting the bottom surfaces of the heat insulation layer and the exterior base material, and a lower surface facing the upper surface. On the upper surface, slits extending in the length direction of the upper surface are provided at positions corresponding to the plurality of strip grooves. On the lower surface, a plurality of openings are provided at intervals in its length direction. In another embodiment, the channel member has an upper surface contacting the bottom surfaces of the heat insulation layer and the exterior base material, and a lower surface facing the upper surface. On the upper surface, a plurality of openings are provided at intervals in the length direction of the upper surface at positions corresponding to the plurality of strip grooves. On the lower surface, a plurality of openings are provided at intervals in its length direction.

[0020] At the boundary between the heat insulation layer of the window portion and the channel member, it is preferable to have a backing arranged to contact the window frame and the first sealing member. Also, it is preferable that the channel member has a protruding portion protruding outward from the exterior material. A second seal is arranged between the protruding portion and the bottom surface of the exterior material.

Advantages of the Invention

[0021] The outer wall structure according to the present invention is characterized by having a structure in accordance with the construction principle of "rainproof finish". The outer wall structure incorporating the construction principle of rainproof finish does not rely on technologies such as film formation, adhesion, and sealing treatment at the site, which are difficult to manage in terms of quality control, and its performance is not determined by the construction. Therefore, it has a more reliable and highly leak-proof effect. Also, as long as the positions and dimensions of the members used do not change, the same performance can be maintained with minimal maintenance over a long period of use by using durable materials.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] [Figure 1]This is a cross-sectional perspective view showing an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a portion of the exterior wall structure (excluding the window portion) according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view of an insulating composite panel used in an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the area near the coping (air outlet) and the area near the foundation (air inlet) of an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This shows a coping in an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is a top view showing the relationship between the coping and other components, (B) is a perspective view of a part of the coping, and (C) is a perspective view of the coping support member. [Figure 6] This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the area around the window portion of an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] The relationship between the window portion and the partition ventilation layer of an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown, where (A) is an enlarged view of the upper part of the window portion in Figure 6, (B) is a perspective view of a part of the channel member, and (C) is a perspective view of a part of the flat plate of the channel member. [Figure 8] The relationship between the window portion and the partition ventilation layer in an exterior wall structure according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown, where (A) is an enlarged view of the upper part of the window portion, (B) is a perspective view of a part of the channel member, (C) is a top view showing the positional relationship between the channel member and the exterior substrate material, and (D) is a perspective view of a part of the flat plate of the channel member. [Figure 9] The relationship between the window portion and the partition ventilation layer of an exterior wall structure according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown, where (A) is an enlarged view of the upper part of the window portion, (B) is a perspective view of a part of the channel member, and (C) is a perspective view of a part of the flat plate of the channel member. [Figure 10] The diagram shows the grooves of the exterior base material for an exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (A) is an enlarged view of a part above the window, (B) is an enlarged view of the area around the ventilation opening, and (C) is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal groove portion. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] (Overview of the exterior wall structure) Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing an exterior wall structure G (hereinafter simply referred to as structure G) used for airtight exterior insulation with a ventilation layer in an exterior-insulated building, according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a portion of structure G other than the window portion. Figure 3 shows the structure of the insulation composite panel 1, and is a transverse cross-sectional view of a portion of the insulation composite panel 1. Figure 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the area near the coping (air outlet) and the area near the foundation (air inlet) of the exterior wall structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The exterior wall structure according to the present invention is characterized by having a structure that conforms to the construction principle of "waterproofing." The construction principle of waterproofing is to appropriately handle rainwater on surfaces and gaps and prevent defects by selecting the form and arrangement of parts and members that are wetted by rainwater. Hereinafter, the direction parallel to the ground along the outer surface of the exterior material 21 is called the width direction, the direction perpendicular to the width direction along the outer surface of the exterior material 21 is called the height direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the width direction and the height direction is called the thickness direction.

[0025] Structure G comprises a concrete exterior wall 31 and an insulating composite panel 1 positioned on its exterior. The concrete exterior wall 31 constitutes a part of the concrete frame 3, which in addition to the concrete exterior wall 31 further includes floor slabs 32 separating each floor and a foundation 33. The insulating composite panel 1 has an insulating layer 15, an exterior base material 11 in contact with the insulating layer 15 in the thickness direction, and an exterior material 21 in contact with the exterior base material 11 in the thickness direction. The insulating composite panel 1 has a partition ventilation layer 7 consisting of a plurality of grooves 14 inside, and is positioned so that the insulating layer 15 is in contact with the concrete exterior wall 31.

[0026] Structure G is provided with a window opening in which a window is to be placed. A window frame 80 for attaching an outer window is placed around the inner perimeter of the window opening. Multiple thermal insulation composite panels are arranged side by side above, below, and to the sides of the window opening. The multiple thermal insulation composite panels are arranged side by side in the width direction via vertical joints 42a and 42b, and side by side in the height direction via horizontal joints 41. The thermal insulation composite panels 1 are fixed to the concrete exterior wall 31 by multiple fallout anchors 35. Structure G is provided with ventilation openings 24 that penetrate the concrete exterior wall 31 and the thermal insulation composite panels 1 as needed.

[0027] Structure G further comprises a concrete exterior wall 31 and a waterproof layer 44 positioned in contact with an insulating material 15a, such as calcium carbonate foam or high-density polystyrene foam, which is placed on the top surface of the insulation layer 15. Structure G further comprises a coping 5 positioned in contact with at least a portion of the waterproof layer 44 and covering the upper part of the top surface of the insulation composite panel 1. A breathable waterproof sheet 71, which will be described in detail later, is positioned on the top surface of the exterior base material 11 of the insulation composite panel 1, which is covered by the coping 5.

[0028] (Insulated composite panel) In structure G, the thermal insulation composite panel 1 can be the same as the one disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example. The thermal insulation composite panel 1 disclosed in Patent Document 1 will be described below. Figure 3 shows the structure of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 and is a cross-sectional view of a part of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. The thermal insulation composite panel 1 has a structure in which the exterior base material 11 is in contact with the outside of the thermal insulation layer 15, and the exterior material 2 is in contact with the outside of the exterior base material 11. The thermal insulation layer 15 can be formed by arranging the required number of thermal insulation materials in the height and width directions, for example, one thermal insulation material with a thickness of 75 mm, a width of 500 mm, and a height of 2700 mm. The material of the thermal insulation material is not limited, but typically foamed plastic thermal insulation material (JIS A9511) is used.

[0029] The exterior substrate material 11 has a plurality of grooves 14 extending in the height direction, with thick sections 13 arranged between the grooves 14, and thin sections 12 arranged adjacent to the grooves 14 in the thickness direction. That is, the exterior substrate material 11 has a structure in which the thick sections 13, grooves 14, and thin sections 12 are arranged alternately in the width direction. The thick sections 13 are in contact with the insulation layer 15. The exterior substrate material 11 is formed by arranging the required number of extruded cement boards in the height and width directions, each board having, for example, a thickness of 26 mm, a width of 490 mm, and a height of 2700 mm, and having a plurality of grooves 14, for example, with a depth of 13 mm and an opening width of 30 mm. The exterior material 2 is not limited, but typically exterior tiles, stone, or painted finishes are used.

[0030] Vertical joints 42a and 42b are provided between adjacent exterior material 2 and exterior base material 11 in the width direction, and horizontal joints 41 are provided between adjacent exterior material 2 and exterior base material 11 in the height direction. Preferably, a ventilation backer 413 is placed in the horizontal joint 41, as shown in Figure 2, to connect the grooves 14 of each of the exterior base material 11 adjacent in the height direction. The grooves 14 that run from the bottom to the top of the exterior base material 11 form a partition ventilation layer 7 through which the rising airflow 70 passes. Sealing 411, 421, and 422 are filled into the horizontal joint 41 and the vertical joints 42a and 42b, respectively.

[0031] In structure G, as shown in Figure 2, the joint positions of the insulation layers 15 of two adjacent insulation composite panels 1 in the height direction are positioned at the same height as the upper surface of the floor slab 32. By having the joint positions of the adjacent insulation layers 15 in the height direction and the upper surface of the floor slab 32 be at the same height, damage or soiling of the insulation layers 15 caused by the formwork installed when the concrete exterior wall 31 is poured can be prevented.

[0032] Furthermore, the position of the horizontal joint 41 between the exterior base material 11 and exterior material 2 of two adjacent insulation composite panels 1 in the vertical direction is positioned below the joint position of the insulation layer 15. In this way, by positioning the horizontal joint 41 below the joint position of the insulation layer 15, even if a gap occurs in the sealant 411 of the horizontal joint 41, rainwater that seeps in through the horizontal joint 41 will descend through the groove 14, and there is little risk of it entering the joint portion of the insulation layer 15 and getting between the insulation layer 15 and the concrete exterior wall 31.

[0033] In the portion corresponding to the foundation 33 of the concrete structure 3, as shown in Figure 4, the structure G may have a lower insulation layer 222 formed thinner than the other insulation layers 15, and an exterior material 221 placed in contact with the lower insulation layer 222. With this configuration, the surface of the exterior material 221 and the surface of the other insulation layers 15 located above it are on the same plane. The ventilation rate of the ventilation layer is determined by the cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowest part of the ventilation layer, the height of the ventilation layer, the air flow coefficient, the acceleration due to gravity, the outside air temperature, and the room temperature. If all other conditions are the same, it is determined by the cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowest part of the ventilation layer. By ensuring a uniform cross-sectional area from the top to the bottom of the compartment ventilation layer 7, exhaust from the compartment ventilation layer 7 during a fire will not be obstructed even in windless conditions.

[0034] (Kasagi) Structure G includes a coping 5 that is in contact with at least a portion of the waterproofing layer 44 and positioned to cover the upper part of the top surface of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. Figure 5 shows the coping 5 in structure G, where Figure 5(A) is a top view showing the relationship between the end (i.e., connection part) of an adjacent coping 5 and other parts, Figure 5(B) is a perspective view of a portion of the coping 5, and Figure 5(C) is a perspective view of the support member 6 of the coping 5. Note that in Figure 5(A), of the three figures separated by two curves, the left figure shows the positional relationship between the waterproofing layer 44 and the thermal insulation composite panel 1 and the breathable waterproof sheet 71, the middle figure shows the positional relationship between the waterproofing layer 44, the coping 5, the joint member 53 and the support member 6, and the right figure shows the positional relationship between the concrete exterior wall 31 and the thermal insulation composite panel 1.

[0035] The coping 5 is composed of a plurality of coping bodies 50 arranged continuously in the width direction. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, each coping body 50 has a base portion 5a that is positioned in contact with the upper surface of at least a part of the waterproofing layer 44, an overhang portion 5b that is continuous with the base portion 5a and extends horizontally above the partition ventilation layer 7 of the thermal insulation composite panel 1, the exterior base material 11, and the exterior material 21 without contacting them, and a downward-facing portion 5c that extends downward from the outer edge of the overhang portion 5b. The base portion 5a and the overhang portion 5b together are also called the horizontal plate 51. Preferably, the lower edge of the downward-facing portion 5c is provided with a slanted edge 5d that is formed diagonally outward. Each coping body 50 can be made from, for example, steel, aluminum, stainless steel, etc., and from the viewpoint of fire resistance, steel is preferred, and from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance, aluminum or stainless steel is preferred, but it is not limited to these.

[0036] Preferably, the coping body 50 has a projection 52 in the area where a fastener 54 for fixing the coping body 50 is placed. By providing the projection 52 and filling the space below it with sealant (not shown), it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering from the area where the fastener 54 is inserted. As shown in Figure 4, the insulation layer 15 directly below the coping 5 has a notch 16 in a part of its upper end, and the notch 16 is filled with the same concrete material 31a as the concrete outer wall 31, and it is preferable that the fastener 54 is fixed to this concrete material 31a.

[0037] It is preferable that a joint member 53 is placed between adjacent coping bodies 50, as shown in Figures 5(A) and 5(B), spanning the ends of the two coping bodies 50. By placing the joint member 53 below the connection portion of the adjacent coping bodies 50, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering from the connection portion of the adjacent coping bodies 50, and even if it does enter, the joint member 53 can receive it and discharge it to the rooftop floor. It is preferable that the joint member 53 has the same shape as the coping body 50.

[0038] Below the overhang 5b of the coping 5, a support member 6 (Figure 5(C)) is positioned to provide a space between it and the upper end of the exterior base material 11 and to support the overhang 5b. The support member 6 is preferably positioned at the adjacent connection point of the two coping bodies 50 and at the center of the coping body 50 in the width direction, as shown in Figure 5(A), but is not limited to these locations. As shown in Figure 5(C), the support member 6 has a horizontal piece 61 and two downward-facing pieces 62 extending downward from both sides of the horizontal piece 61, with the upper surface of the horizontal piece 61 in contact with the lower surface of the overhang 5b or the joint member 53. The support member 6 can be made from, for example, steel, aluminum, or stainless steel. From the viewpoint of fire resistance, steel is preferred, and from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance, aluminum or stainless steel is preferred, but is not limited to these.

[0039] The support member 6 is fixed to the thickened portion 13 of the exterior base material 11 by fasteners 63, such as screws, which are inserted into the holes 64. The support member 60 may be fixed together with the coping body 50 using fasteners 54 that are inserted into the thickened portion 13 of the exterior base material 11, rather than being fixed with fasteners 63. The support member 60 may be temporarily fixed by adhering the upper surface of the horizontal piece 61 to the joint member 53 or the lower surface of the coping body 50 using, for example, double-sided tape. Alternatively, the support member 6 may be used upside down, and the lower surface of the horizontal piece 61 may be adhering to the upper surface of the thickened portion 13 of the exterior base material 11 using, for example, double-sided tape.

[0040] (Breathable waterproof sheet) Below the coping 5, more specifically below the support member 6 of the coping 5, a breathable waterproof sheet 71 that is waterproof but permeable to air is placed, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The breathable waterproof sheet 71 can be placed so as to cover the entire top surface of the exterior substrate material 11, as shown in Figure 5(A). However, it is not limited to the entire top surface of the exterior substrate material 11 being covered by the breathable waterproof sheet 71; the breathable waterproof sheet 71 only needs to be placed so as to cover at least the openings of multiple grooves 14. In this case, the cross-hatched area shown in the left diagram of Figure 5(A) will be covered by the breathable waterproof sheet 71. Furthermore, while the breathable waterproof sheet 71 can be placed on the top surface of all of the widthwise directions of the multiple exterior substrate materials 11 (i.e., the entire width of the building), if the number of grooves 14 covered by the breathable waterproof sheet 71 increases, although the breathable waterproof sheet 71 is capable of allowing air to pass through, the efficiency of air discharge may decrease. Therefore, it is preferable to place the breathable waterproof sheet 71 only on the top surface of the exterior substrate material 11 over the portion corresponding to the width of the window 8.

[0041] The breathable waterproof sheet 71 is not limited to any particular type, as long as it does not allow rainwater to penetrate from the outside through the space beneath the coping 5, but does allow air to pass through the multiple grooves 14. As such a breathable waterproof sheet 71, for example, a nonwoven fabric used in construction (for example, Tyvek™ manufactured by DuPont) can be used, which has fine air holes that do not allow rainwater to pass through but allow air to pass through, at least at positions corresponding to the multiple grooves 14. The air holes should be 10 μm or larger, which is larger than the size of air particles (0.01 μm to 10 μm), and smaller than the size of rain particles, which is approximately 2000 μm.

[0042] (Regarding ventilation) As described above, the coping 5 is installed above the insulating composite panel 1, maintaining a space between it and the multiple grooves 14 of the exterior base material 11. Therefore, the rising airflow 70 rising inside the compartment ventilation layer 7, which consists of the multiple grooves 14, is discharged from the upper end of the compartment ventilation layer 7, then passes smoothly through the space between the coping 5 and the exterior base material 11, descends between the downward-sloping portion 5c of the coping 5 and the outer surface of the exterior material 21, and is discharged to the outside. Thus, in the exterior wall structure according to the present invention, the air discharged from the compartment ventilation layer 7 is discharged to the outside without accumulating below the coping 5, and the discharge of air from the compartment ventilation layer is not obstructed by accumulated air.

[0043] Furthermore, in the structure according to the present invention, the flow of the rising airflow 70 between the exterior base material 11 and the coping 5 is configured so as not to obstruct the flow of the rising airflow 70 in the partition ventilation layer 7. That is, in the present invention, the size of the space between the coping 5 and the exterior base material 11 is set such that the cross-sectional area per unit length of the space in the direction in which the plurality of grooves 14 are aligned (i.e., the width direction) is larger than the cross-sectional area per unit length of the plurality of grooves 14 in the direction in which the plurality of grooves 14 are aligned. In one embodiment, the cross-sectional area per unit length of the space between the coping 5 and the exterior base material 11 is approximately 100 m 2 This can be set to / m, and the cross-sectional area per unit length of the partition ventilation layer 7 is approximately 70m². 2 It can be set to / m. Therefore, the rising airflow 70 that enters from the lower end of the compartment ventilation layer 7 and rises inside flows smoothly without stagnation.

[0044] In the portion corresponding to the foundation 33 of the concrete structure 3, as shown in Figure 4, the structure G can have a lower insulation layer 222 formed thinner than the other insulation layers 15, and an exterior material 221 placed in contact with the lower insulation layer 222. With this configuration, the surface of the exterior material 221 and the surface of the other insulation layer 15 located above it are on the same plane. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of ​​the compartment ventilation layer 7 becomes uniform at the upper and lower ends of the compartment ventilation layer 7, and exhaust becomes smooth. That is, the ventilation rate of the ventilation layer is determined by the cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowest part of the ventilation layer, the height of the ventilation layer, the air flow coefficient, the acceleration due to gravity, the outside air temperature, and the room temperature, and if all other conditions are the same, it is determined by the cross-sectional area of ​​the narrowest part of the ventilation layer. By ensuring a uniform cross-sectional area from the upper end to the lower end of the compartment ventilation layer 7, exhaust from the compartment ventilation layer 7 is not obstructed.

[0045] (Window section) Next, the window section 8 of structure G will be described. Figure 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the window section 8 of structure G and its surrounding area. In Figure 6, the middle portion of the window opening is partially omitted. The window section 8 may have a window frame 80, a channel member 9 provided on the outside of the window frame 80, a trim frame 81b, and a wooden frame 82 provided on the inside of the window frame 80. The window frame 80, the channel member 9, and the trim frame 81b are preferably made of highly fire-resistant materials and are typically made of aluminum. Mortar 801 and foamed urethane 802 are filled in the space between the window frame 80, the wooden frame 82, the insulation layer 15, and the concrete exterior wall 31, in that order from the outside. In this structure, the mortar 801, which is difficult to burn, is placed on the outside, and the foamed urethane 802, which is easily burned, is placed on the inside, so the possibility of fire spreading to the insulation layer 15 in the event of a fire outdoors can be reduced.

[0046] As shown in Figure 6, in the actual manufacturing process, a projection 151 is provided on the lower surface of the insulation layer 15 on the exterior base material 11 side, and the lower end of the exterior base material 11 is flush with the lower end of the projection 151. In addition, the window frame 80 is connected to the concrete exterior wall 31 via support steel bars 803, but since the support steel bars 803 are embedded in the mortar 801, corrosion of the support steel bars 803 can be prevented and the durability of the window can be improved.

[0047] (Channel component) In the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, as already mentioned, the trim frame and window frame at the top of the window are in contact with each other. Therefore, if the sealing accuracy between the trim frame and the bottom surface of the insulation layer is poor, the sealing material protruding from the outdoor surface of the insulation layer towards the partition ventilation layer will act as a receptacle for water droplets falling down the partition ventilation layer, and the accumulated water droplets may be sucked into the room due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the window. To prevent such problems from occurring, in structure G according to the present invention, the window frame 80 and the partition ventilation layer 7 are separated using a channel member 9.

[0048] Figure 7 is a magnified view of the area near the lower end of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 at the top of the window section 8, showing the relationship between the window section 8 of structure G and the partition ventilation layer 7. Figure 7(A) is a magnified view of the top of the window section 8 in Figure 6, Figure 7(B) is a perspective view of a part of the channel member 9, and (C) is a perspective view of a part of the flat plate 91 of the channel member 9. The channel member 9 has a long member 92, as shown in Figure 7(B). The member 92 has an upward-facing, substantially C-shaped cross-section composed of a lower surface 921, a side surface 922, and upper surfaces 923a, 923b, and is attached to the lower surface of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 such that its length extends in the width direction of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 with a slit-shaped opening 924 facing upward. More specifically, member 92 is attached to the exterior base material 11 such that its upper surface 923a is in contact with at least a portion of the bottom surface of the exterior base material 11, and its upper surface 923b is in contact with at least a portion of the bottom surface of the insulation layer 15. Member 92 can be attached, for example, by screwing through the screw hole 92c.

[0049] The width of the opening 924 in member 92 can be approximately the same as or narrower than the opening width of the groove 14 in the thermal insulation composite panel 1. Multiple openings 92a are provided at intervals along the length of member 92 on the lower surface 921 facing the upper surfaces 923a and 923b. The rising airflow (outside air) 70 is supplied to the multiple grooves 14 through these openings 924 and 92a. Since the openings 924 are provided in the form of slits as described above, the rising airflow 70 can be supplied to the grooves 14 without being constrained by the position of the grooves 14 in the exterior substrate material 11. Because the openings 924 are in the form of slits, no film of air or water is formed.

[0050] It is preferable that the opening 92a is located not in the center of the lower surface 921, but offset to the outside relative to the position of the opening 924. By offsetting the positional relationship between the opening 924 and the opening 92a in this way, even if the opening 92a is blocked by rainwater and splashes of water occur when the rising airflow 70 flows in, the air entering through the opening 92a will hit the upper surface of the member 92 (for example, the upper surface 923a in Figure 7(B)), making it unlikely that rainwater will penetrate the joint between the member 92 and the insulation layer 15.

[0051] In this embodiment, it is preferable that the screw hole 92c on the upper surface 923a be located at a position corresponding to the opening 92a on the lower surface. By arranging the opening 92a and the screw hole 92c in this positional relationship, the screw that passes through the screw hole 92c can be installed from the opening 92a, making installation easy.

[0052] The channel member 9 preferably has a flat plate 91 as shown in Figure 7(C). The flat plate 91 has the same length as the member 92 and a wider width than the member 92, and can be attached to the lower surface 921 of the member 92 by screws inserted through holes 91b and 92b, for example. The flat plate 91 has an opening 91a. As shown in Figure 7(A), the flat plate 91 is attached to the member 92 such that the opening 91a aligns with the opening 92a of the member 92, one side is flush with the side surface 922 of the member 92, and the other side protrudes outward from the exterior material 21. The portion of the flat plate 91 protruding from the exterior material 21 functions as a drip edge. A sealant (second sealant) 431e and a backer 432e are placed between the flat plate 91 and the exterior material 21.

[0053] The material of the channel member 9 (member 92 and flat plate 91) is not particularly limited as long as it is weather-resistant; for example, aluminum can be used.

[0054] The channel member 9 and the window frame 80 are spaced apart, and a sealant (first sealant) 431a and a backer 432a are placed in this space. As shown in Figure 7(A), the sealant 431a is positioned between the side surface 922 of the channel member 9 and the outdoor side of the window frame 80, with its lower surface being approximately at the same position as the flat plate 91. In the exterior wall structure of Patent Document 1, as described above, filling with sealant was difficult, and there was a possibility of problems with filling accuracy. However, in the structure G according to the present invention, by placing the sealant 431a in this position, filling with sealant is easy, and filling accuracy can be improved.

[0055] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7(A), the backer 432a is positioned at the boundary between member 92 of the channel member 9 and the insulation layer 15, so as to be in contact with the outdoor surface of the window frame 80, the mortar 801, and the sealant 431a. Therefore, even if a gap occurs between the insulation layer 15 and member 92, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside. Also, by positioning the backer 432a in this location, effective two-sided adhesion of the sealant 431a is achieved. That is, although the sealant 431a is actually adhered to three surfaces: the window frame 80, the channel member 9, and the backer 432a, the boundary between the backer 432a and the mortar 801 is not adhered. Therefore, the sealant 431a is effectively constrained only by two surfaces: the window frame 80 and the channel member 9. As a result, cracks caused by vibrations of the structure G, which may be a problem in the case of three-sided adhesion, can be effectively prevented.

[0056] Figure 8 is a magnified view of the area near the lower end of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 at the top of the window section 8, showing the relationship between the window section 8 of structure G and the partition ventilation layer 7. Figure 8(A) is a magnified view of the top of the window section 8 in which a different channel member 9 is used than that in Figure 7, Figure 8(B) is a perspective view of a part of the different channel member 9, (C) is a top view showing the positional relationship between the different channel member 9 and the exterior base material 11, and (D) is a perspective view of a part of the flat plate 91 of the channel member 9. This channel member 9 has a long member 94, as shown in Figure 8(B). The member 94 has a rectangular cross-section composed of a bottom surface 941, a side surface 942, and a top surface 943, and is attached to the bottom surface of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 such that its length extends in the width direction of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 with the opening 94b formed as a hole facing upwards. More specifically, the upper surface 943 of member 94 is attached so that it spans at least a portion of the bottom surface of the insulation layer 15 and at least a portion of the bottom surface of the exterior base material 11. Member 94 is attached, for example, by screws inserted through screw holes 94c.

[0057] The opening 94b of member 94 is provided on the upper surface 943 so as to align with the groove 14 of the thermal insulation composite panel 1. The diameter of the opening 94b can be the same as the width (width in the thickness direction) of the groove 14, or it can be smaller. On the lower surface 941 facing the upper surface 943, a plurality of openings 94a are provided at intervals along the length direction of member 94. The rising airflow 70 is supplied to the plurality of grooves 14 through these openings 94a and 94b.

[0058] It is preferable that the openings 94a and 94b are arranged alternately along the length of the channel member 9 when viewed from above, as shown in Figure 8(C). That is, it is preferable that the opening 94a on the lower surface 941 is positioned between two adjacent openings 94b on the upper surface 943. With the openings 94a and 94b provided in this positional relationship, even if the opening 94a is blocked by rainwater and water splashes occur when the rising airflow 70 flows in, the air entering through the opening 94a will hit the upper surface 943 of the member 94, making it unlikely that rainwater will penetrate the joint between the member 94 and the insulation layer 15.

[0059] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 8(C), it is preferable that the screw hole 94c on the upper surface 943 is provided at a position corresponding to the opening 94a on the lower surface 941. By providing the opening 94a and the screw hole 94c in this positional relationship, the screw that passes through the screw hole 94c can be installed from the opening 94a.

[0060] In this embodiment, the channel member 9 preferably has a flat plate 93 as shown in Figure 8(D). The structure, arrangement, and effects of the flat plate 93 are the same as those of the flat plate 91 described above using Figure 7. A sealant 431e and a backer 432e are placed between the flat plate 93 and the exterior material 21. In addition, a sealant 431a and a backer 432b are placed between the channel member 9 and the window frame 80, and their structure, arrangement, and effects are also as described using Figure 7.

[0061] Figure 9 is a magnified view of the area near the lower end of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 at the top of the window section 8, showing the relationship between the window section 8 of structure G and the partition ventilation layer 7. Figure 9(A) is a magnified view of the top of the window section 8 in which a different channel member 9 is used than that in Figures 7 and 8, Figure 7(B) is a perspective view of a part of the channel member 9, and (C) is a top view of the channel member 9. As shown in Figure 9(B), this channel member 9 has a long member 95. The member 95 has an upward-facing, approximately C-shaped cross section composed of a lower surface 951, a side surface 952, and upper surfaces 953a, 953b, and is attached to the lower surface of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 such that its length extends in the width direction of the thermal insulation composite panel 1 with a slit-shaped opening 954 facing upward. More specifically, member 95 is attached to the exterior base material 11 such that its upper surface 953a is in contact with at least a portion of the bottom surface of the exterior base material 11, and its upper surface 953b is in contact with at least a portion of the bottom surface of the insulation layer 15. Member 95 can be attached, for example, by screwing through the screw hole 95b.

[0062] Regarding the opening 954 of member 95 and the multiple openings 95a provided on the lower surface 951 facing the upper surface 953, their configuration, arrangement, and effects are the same as those of the openings 924 and 92a described above with reference to Figure 7.

[0063] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 9(C), the screw hole 95b on the upper surface is provided in a position corresponding to the opening 95a on the lower surface. By providing the opening 95a and the screw hole 95b in this positional relationship, the screw that passes through the screw hole 95c can be installed from the opening 95a, making installation easy.

[0064] In this embodiment, the channel member 9 differs from the channel member 9 described in Figures 7 and 8 in that its lower surface 951 is wider, and a portion of it extends from the side surface 952 outwards, protruding outwards from the exterior material 21. The portion of the lower surface 951 that protrudes from the exterior material 21 functions as a drip edge. A sealant 431e and a backer 432e are placed between the lower surface 951 and the exterior material 21.

[0065] Furthermore, compared to the channel member 9 of the embodiments described in Figures 7 and 8, which has a flat plate attached to its lower surface, the channel member 9 of the embodiment in Figure 9 has a lower surface 951 formed from a single plate including a protruding portion. Therefore, the inner wall of the opening 95a is thinner compared to the combination of openings 91a and 92a in Figure 7 and the combination of openings 93a and 94b in Figure 8. Consequently, the opening 95a is less likely to be blocked by rainwater, and there is less splashing when the rising airflow 70 flows in.

[0066] Returning to Figure 6, the trim frame 81a at the bottom of the window frame has at its bottom a plurality of air holes 811a that communicate with the outside and a plurality of air holes 811b that communicate with the plurality of grooves 14. The rising airflow 70 that has risen inside the plurality of grooves 14 is discharged to the outside by passing through the plurality of air holes 811b and the plurality of air holes 811a in that order. It is preferable that the total area of ​​the plurality of air holes 811b is the same as or smaller than the total area of ​​the plurality of air holes 811a. By configuring it in this way, the amount of air discharged from the partition ventilation layer 7 through the air holes 811b is not obstructed by the air holes 811a.

[0067] Figure 10 shows the grooves 4 of the exterior substrate material 11 of structure G, where Figure 10(A) is an enlarged view of a part above the window section 8, Figure 10(B) is an enlarged view of the area around the ventilation opening, and Figure 10(C) is a cross-sectional view of the horizontal groove 14a portion of the exterior substrate material 11. In this embodiment, one or more horizontal grooves 14a are provided inside the exterior substrate material 11 above the window section 8 and / or inside the exterior substrate material 11 around the ventilation opening 24, connecting a plurality of grooves 14 to each other. The horizontal grooves 14a can be formed by removing a portion of a plurality of thickened sections 13 of the exterior substrate material 11 (the removed portion is indicated by reference numeral 131 in Figure 10(C)).

[0068] The horizontal grooves 14a are preferably provided when a breathable waterproof sheet 72 is placed in place of a breathable waterproof sheet 71 in the portion of the exterior substrate material 11 corresponding to the width of the window portion 8. That is, the breathable waterproof sheet 72 is a sheet that allows water vapor (particle size approximately 0.0004 μm) to pass through but does not allow rainwater (particle size approximately 2000 μm) to pass through, but it is difficult for air to escape from the grooves 14 in which this breathable waterproof sheet 72 is placed. Therefore, as shown in Figures 10(A) and 10(C), horizontal grooves 14a are provided in the exterior substrate material 11 placed above the window portion 8, connecting multiple grooves 14 in the horizontal direction, and horizontal grooves 14a are also provided between the grooves 14 at the end of the exterior substrate material 11 placed above the window portion 8 and the grooves 14 at the end of the exterior substrate material 11 adjacent to it in the width direction, so as to connect them with each other. By providing the horizontal grooves 14a in this manner, the rising airflow 70 that has risen through the multiple grooves 14, which remains undischarged to the outside due to the presence of the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 72, can be smoothly discharged as a horizontal airflow 70a from the groove 14 at the top of the window section 8 through the horizontal grooves 14a to the grooves 14 of the adjacent exterior substrate material 11 (i.e., grooves 14 where the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 72 is not placed). The horizontal grooves 14a are preferably provided near the upper end of the exterior substrate material 11 so that the air remaining at the top of the grooves 14 can be discharged, for example, they are preferably provided about 100 mm below the upper end.

[0069] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 10(B), it is preferable to also provide horizontal grooves 14a around the ventilation opening 24. It is preferable that the horizontal grooves 14a are provided so as to connect multiple grooves 14 located below the ventilation opening 24 in a horizontal direction. By providing horizontal grooves 14a in this way, the airflow that has risen through the multiple grooves 14 below the ventilation opening 24 can be moved as a horizontal airflow 70a through the horizontal grooves 14a to the grooves 14 on the sides of the ventilation opening 24, thereby preventing condensation caused by the accumulation of water vapor around the ventilation opening 24. It is even more preferable that the horizontal grooves 14a are also provided above the ventilation opening 24. By providing a horizontal groove 14a above the ventilation opening 24, the rising airflow 70 in the groove 14 on the side of the ventilation opening 24 can be introduced as a lateral airflow 70a through the horizontal groove 14a to multiple grooves 14 above the ventilation opening 24. This allows for more effective airflow discharge compared to the case where the horizontal groove 14a is only located below the ventilation opening 24. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0070] 1. Insulated composite panel 11. Exterior underlayment 12 Thin-walled section 13 Thick wall part 14 grooves 14a Horizontal groove 15. Insulation layer 151 Protrusions in the insulation layer 16 Notch 2. Exterior 21 Exterior materials 22 Foundation composite panels 221 Exterior materials 222 Insulation layer 24 Ventilation vent 3 skeleton 30 Concrete structure 31 Concrete exterior wall 31a Concrete material 32 Floor slab 33 Basics 35. Fallen anchor 351 Anchor 352 Countersunk bolts 353 Joint Plate 4 Waterproof 41 Horizontal joint 411 Ceiling 412 Backer 413 Ventilated Backer 42a, 42b Vertical joints 421, 422 Ceiling 423 Backer 43 Window sill sealing 431a, 431b, 431c, 431d, 431e Ceiling 432a, 432b, 432c, 432d, 432e Backer 44 Waterproof layer 5 Kasagi 5a base 5b Overhang 5c Falling part 5d diagonal piece 50 Main body of the coping 51 horizontal plate 52 Protrusion 53 Joint Members 54 Fixtures 6. Support Member 61 horizontal piece 62 Falling piece 63 Fixtures 64 Fixing device insertion holes 7 compartment ventilation layer 70 Upward airflow 70a lateral airflow 71 Breathable waterproof sheet 72 Breathable waterproof sheet 8 Window section 80 Window frame 801 Mortar 802 Polyurethane foam 803 Support steel bar 81a Cut-off frame 811a, 811b Air vents 82 Wooden frame 9 channel components 91, 93 flat plate 91a, 93a opening 91b, 93b threaded holes 92 components 92a Opening (hole) 92b, 92c threaded holes 921 Bottom surface 922 Side view 923a, 923b top surface 924 Opening (Slit) 94 components 94a, 94b opening (hole) 94c, 94d threaded holes 941 Bottom surface 942 Side view 943 Top surface 95 components 95a Opening (hole) 95b Screw hole 951 Bottom surface 952 Side view 953a, 953b top surface 954 Opening (slit)

Claims

1. An exterior wall structure (waterproofing compatible type) used in an externally insulated building with a ventilation layer and an airtight external insulation, Concrete exterior walls, The aforementioned concrete exterior wall is in contact with an insulating layer, An exterior base material having a plurality of grooves extending in the height direction, positioned opposite the thermal insulation layer, with the portion between the plurality of grooves in contact with the thermal insulation layer, Exterior material in contact with the aforementioned exterior substrate, On the top surface of the exterior substrate, a waterproof sheet is arranged to cover at least the openings of the plurality of grooves. Equipped with, The aforementioned plurality of grooves are connected from the lower end to the opening on the top surface, forming a partitioned ventilation layer through which an upward airflow passes. The aforementioned waterproof sheet prevents rainwater from entering from the outside while allowing air to be expelled from the compartment ventilation layer. Exterior wall structure.

2. The waterproof sheet is a breathable waterproof sheet arranged to cover the entire top surface of the exterior substrate, and the breathable waterproof sheet has a plurality of holes of a size that allows air to pass through but does not allow water to pass through, at least at positions corresponding to the plurality of grooves. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1.

3. The plurality of pores are 10 μm or larger in size and smaller than 2000 μm in size. The exterior wall structure according to claim 2.

4. Within the exterior substrate material, one or more horizontal grooves are provided that connect the plurality of grooves to one another. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1.

5. The one or more horizontal grooves are provided at a predetermined distance from the openings of the multiple grooves on the top surface of the exterior base material. The exterior wall structure according to claim 4.

6. The one or more of the aforementioned horizontal grooves are provided below the ventilation opening, or both above and below the ventilation opening. The exterior wall structure according to claim 4.

7. The aforementioned externally insulated building consists of two or more floors, the insulation layer and the exterior sheathing material have heights corresponding to the height of each floor, and the joint positions between two vertically adjacent insulation layers are aligned with positions corresponding to the upper surface of the floor slab of each floor. The exterior wall structure according to claim 1.

8. A joint is provided between two adjacent exterior substrate materials, and the joint is positioned below the joint. The exterior wall structure according to claim 7.

9. Window frame and, A channel member is provided on the bottom surface of the insulation layer and the exterior base material with a gap between it and the window frame, and has a length extending along the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface and a plurality of openings for introducing outside air into the plurality of grooves, Between the window frame and the channel member, a first sealing member is arranged over the aforementioned interval. It further comprises a window section having The exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The channel member has an upper surface that contacts the bottom surface and a lower surface that faces the upper surface. The upper surface is provided with slits extending in the longitudinal direction of the upper surface at positions corresponding to the plurality of grooves, and the lower surface is provided with a plurality of openings spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. The exterior wall structure according to claim 9.

11. The channel member has an upper surface that contacts the bottom surface and a lower surface that faces the upper surface. The upper surface is provided with multiple openings spaced apart along its length at positions corresponding to the multiple grooves, and the lower surface is provided with multiple openings spaced apart along its length. The exterior wall structure according to claim 9.

12. The boundary portion between the thermal insulation layer and the channel member has a backer that is positioned in contact with the window frame and the first sealant, The exterior wall structure according to claim 9.

13. The exterior wall structure according to claim 9, wherein the channel member has a protruding portion that protrudes outward from the exterior material, and a second seal is disposed between the protruding portion and the bottom surface of the exterior material.

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