Reinforced concrete housing structures, design methods for reinforced concrete housing structures

Abstract

To provide a reinforced concrete skeleton whose structural design can be performed in a short period of time at low cost. The reinforced concrete structure is equipped with a frame F, which is made up of any number of reference frames SF, each of which consists of four columns P, four front beams FB (to be precise, two front beams FB and two foundation front beams FFB), and four depth beams DB (to be precise, two depth beams DB and two foundation depth beams FDB), arranged in the length, width, and height directions. The columns P, front beams FB, foundation front beams FFB, depth beams DB, and foundation depth beams FDB are standardized from the start so that the frame F, which is made up of the arrangement of the reference frames SF, can withstand the load of the reinforced concrete structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a reinforced concrete housing structure and a design method thereof. The housing includes both single-family houses and apartment houses.

Background Art

[0002] In Japan, housing structures mainly include wooden structures and reinforced concrete structures. In recent years, the popularity of houses with reinforced concrete structures, which are rich in design and durability, has been increasing.

[0003] However, the state where houses with reinforced concrete structures have become more popular than houses with wooden structures has not been achieved. As is well known, the main reason is that the cost required to build a house with a reinforced concrete structure is generally much higher than the cost required to build a house with a wooden structure.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] The reason why the cost required to build a house with a reinforced concrete structure is high is that the price of materials required to build a house with a reinforced concrete structure is likely to be higher than the materials required to build a house with a wooden structure. Another reason is that in order to build a house with a reinforced concrete structure, a design including structural design is required, and the cost is generally high. The reason why the structural design is expensive is generally that the structural design is complex. Generally, structural design means designing the foundation and framework of a building economically while satisfying the safety performance so as to withstand various loads. For example, in a frame structure building, the load is supported by multiple columns and beams. In many cases, in order to keep the cost of building materials as low as possible, the structure of the columns and beams (for example, the thickness of the columns and beams, and the position and number of reinforcing bars placed inside them) is almost always different for each column or beam. Rather, by adopting a complex structure in which the structure of each column or beam differs, it is common to achieve both the safety performance required of the building after construction and to keep the cost of building materials as low as possible. Nowadays, structural design has become so complex that it is almost always done using specialized software installed on a computer, and this specialized software is created using the approach described above.

[0005] As mentioned above, structural design is extremely complex. This also leads to other problems. The work that structural engineers perform during structural design is extremely complicated, as is clear from the explanation above, and therefore the time required for structural design itself is often considerable, as is the cost. For example, even the structural design of a single-family home with a reinforced concrete frame takes about two months and typically costs between 500,000 and 1,000,000 yen. Furthermore, until the structural design is complete, the building materials needed to construct the building cannot be determined, nor can the construction hours (which relate to the labor costs required during construction) be finalized. Therefore, it is impossible to estimate the costs necessary to construct the building. Even if an estimate of the costs necessary to construct the building is made after the structural design is completed, if that cost is excessive, the client may not be able to decide to proceed with the construction of a concrete-framed house. Because such risks exist even after the structural design is completed, many clients hesitate to even begin the structural design process, which inherently involves high costs. Furthermore, the complexity of such structural designs increases labor costs when actually constructing reinforced concrete structures. For example, if the configuration differs for each column and beam, the process of placing reinforcing bars inside the concrete formwork will also differ for each column and beam, increasing the difficulty of the work and potentially leading to decreased work efficiency and errors. These circumstances are also hindering the widespread adoption of houses with concrete frames.

[0006] If structural design can be simplified, for example, by reducing the cost of structural design, some of the aforementioned challenges hindering the widespread adoption of concrete-framed houses could be resolved. However, given that structural design generally aims to "design the foundation and framework of a building economically while ensuring safety performance so that it can withstand various loads," and that "the correct approach to achieving this goal is to adopt a complex structure in which the structure of columns and beams differs from column to column or from beam to beam, thereby achieving both the necessary safety performance for the building after construction and keeping the cost of building materials as low as possible," the idea of ​​simplifying structural design does not even exist. Therefore, no realistic means to make structural design inexpensive have been proposed, at least at present.

[0007] The present invention aims to propose a technology that simplifies structural design, thereby enabling structural design to be completed quickly and inexpensively, and in some cases, even reducing the cost required to construct a house. The technology relates primarily to reinforced concrete frames for houses, or to design methods for such frames. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] First, we will outline the invention proposed by the applicant to solve the above problems. As already mentioned, conventional structural design is complex. Structural design becomes complex because, for example, it attempts to ensure the strength of the building or house provided by columns and beams, while minimizing the cost of building materials, by giving only the minimum necessary strength to the components of a rigid frame structure, such as columns and beams. In order to give only the minimum necessary strength to columns and beams, it is necessary to give different configurations to columns and beams at different positions in the reinforced concrete frame, and as a result, the structural design becomes complex. In buildings, it is common for the thickness of each column and the number of reinforcing bars contained inside them to differ, and it is also common for the thickness of a column and the number of reinforcing bars to differ at different heights of the same column. On the other hand, in a rigid frame structure that supports loads in a building or house with columns and beams, the simplest shape is when the frame is rectangular. A rectangular frame includes four beams each extending horizontally and perpendicularly in the x and y directions, and four columns extending vertically in the z direction. We consider constructing a new rectangular frame by designating a specific rectangular frame shape as a base frame, and then connecting (or arranging) these base frames in the x, y, and z directions. Among adjacent base frames, overlapping columns and beams are combined into a single frame. This allows for the construction of rectangular frames with a certain degree of freedom. Next, let's consider the case where a reinforced concrete structure is obtained by adding walls and slabs to a rectangular frame created by connecting standard frames. However, we will not consider a frame that is somewhat unconventional, such as one in which a new frame is constructed by stacking the aforementioned standard frames 20 times in the z direction only. We will consider a case where the standard frames are arranged within the range planned by the designer, for example, when X standard frames are arranged in the x direction, Y in the y direction, and Z in the z direction, and walls and slabs are added to that new frame. Columns, beams, walls, and slabs are components of a reinforced concrete structure made of reinforced concrete. It is possible to standardize the column and beam configurations in a standard frame so that a new frame created by stacking standard frames within a planned range can always support the load of a reinforced concrete structure house that includes that frame. However, the lowest beam, the one in contact with the ground, should be given a different specification from the other beams in order to also serve as the foundation. In this way, a reinforced concrete frame containing a new frame obtained by arranging X reference frames in the x direction, Y frames in the y direction, and Z frames in the z direction (however, the allowable combinations of X, Y, and Z are determined in advance by the designer, etc.) will be able to support the load of the house having that reinforced concrete frame without the need for new structural design or structural calculations. However, in this case, the configuration of columns and beams included in the standard frame may often have performance exceeding that required for the new frame created by arranging the standard frames to support the load of the house. Furthermore, if it is guaranteed that a reinforced concrete structure containing a new frame obtained by arranging X standardized reference frames, including the aforementioned columns and beams, in the x-direction, Y-direction, and Z-direction (however, as mentioned above, the permissible combinations of X, Y, and Z are predetermined by the designer, etc.), then a reinforced concrete structure containing a new frame obtained by arranging X standard frames, Y-direction, and Z-direction frames (quasi-reference frames) that are smaller in at least one of the x, y, and z directions than the reference frame equipped with columns and beams similar to the standardized columns and beams, will also be able to support the load of a house having that reinforced concrete structure without the need for new structural design or structural calculations. In this case, it will become even more frequent that the configuration of columns and beams included in the semi-standard frame will have performance exceeding that required for the new frame, created by arranging the semi-standard frames, to support the load of the house. However, if we allow for the excessive performance of the columns and beams as described above, while also allowing the restriction that the shape of the dwelling be a rectangular prism (not necessarily a perfect rectangular prism, as will be discussed later), the structural design becomes extremely simple, and both the time and cost required for structural design can be reduced. Furthermore, the cost estimate for constructing a concrete frame, which could only be done after rigorous structural design using conventional design methods, can now be performed immediately after the structural design is completed, which can be done in a short amount of time. Furthermore, in the process of simplifying the structural design, reinforced concrete structures with standardized columns and beams can improve construction efficiency by reducing the difficulty of the work involved in actually constructing the reinforced concrete structure, and as a result, may be able to reduce labor costs. In addition, it may be possible to suppress material procurement costs by purchasing building materials (e.g., reinforcing bars) in bulk, which are common to each standardized column or beam. Taking these factors into account, according to the present invention, which simplifies the structural design, the cost of constructing a reinforced concrete structure designed with a simplified structural design (the total cost from structural design to construction of the reinforced concrete structure) is often lower than conventional methods, even when considering the increased costs due to providing excessive performance to the columns and beams. The present invention was made based on this idea.

[0009] The present invention is realized as a reinforced concrete frame for residential use (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "reinforced concrete frame") as described below. The reinforced concrete structure of the present invention is constructed based on a rectangular area defined by a frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line segment in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line segment. The reinforced concrete frame according to the present invention has a plurality of columns, which are vertical long members with a length of a predetermined third length or less, erected in pairs at at least both ends of the two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area described above, and at depth division positions which are positions on the two sides that evenly divide the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the length is longer than a predetermined first length. Furthermore, at both ends of an auxiliary line segment, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment that extends parallel to the depth line segment from the opening division position which is a position on the opening line segment that evenly divides the opening line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the length is longer than a predetermined second length, and at positions on the auxiliary line segment corresponding to the depth division positions. Furthermore, the reinforced concrete structure according to the present invention has a plurality of sill beams, which are long members that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of all two columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the sill line segment in a direction parallel to the sill line segment, and a plurality of foundation sill beams that are in contact with the ground among the sill beams. Furthermore, the structure includes multiple depth beams, which are long members that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of two columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth segment, in a direction parallel to the depth segment, and multiple foundation depth beams, which are among the depth beams that are in contact with the ground. Furthermore, the reinforced concrete structure according to the present invention has multiple walls that either block the space between adjacent columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line segment of the rectangular area in a plate-like manner parallel to the frontage line segment, or block the space between adjacent columns located on two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area or on the auxiliary line segment in a plate-like manner parallel to the depth line segment. Furthermore, the reinforced concrete structure according to the present invention has multiple slabs that horizontally close off a rectangular space enclosed by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at the upper and lower height positions of the column. Furthermore, the structural design strength of the frame, which is composed solely of the columns, the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams, is ensured to be sufficient. Furthermore, in the reinforced concrete frame for a house according to the present invention, all of the columns have the same thickness and configuration of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, all of the front beams have the same thickness and configuration of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, all of the foundation front beams have the same thickness and configuration of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, all of the depth beams have the same thickness and configuration of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, all of the foundation depth beams have the same thickness and configuration of reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, all of the walls have the same configuration per predetermined unit area, and all of the slabs have the same configuration per predetermined unit area.

[0010] The reinforced concrete frame according to the present invention is constructed based on a rectangular area. The rectangular area is a rectangle in plan view. The planar shape of the rectangular area is defined by two mutually orthogonal line segments in plan view. One of the two line segments is the frontage segment, and the other is the depth segment. It should be noted that the portion corresponding to the frontage segment of the finally constructed house does not necessarily correspond to the frontage of that house, and the same applies to the depth segment. The reinforced concrete structure has a frame constructed by arranging at least one rectangular parallelepiped frame corresponding to the standard frame described above in the length, width, and height directions. The frame is constructed of columns, bay beams, and depth beams. There are multiple of each, at least four of each. Of the bay beams, those that touch the ground are called foundation bay beams, and of the depth beams that touch the ground are called foundation depth beams. The foundation bay beams and foundation depth beams also serve as the foundation. Columns are erected at at least both ends of two sides parallel to the depth segment of the rectangular area described above. In other words, columns are always erected at the four corners of the rectangular area. Columns are also erected at depth division positions, which are positions on the two sides parallel to the depth segment that divide the two sides equally into lengths equal to or less than the first length, if the depth segment is longer than a predetermined first length. Columns are also erected at both ends of an auxiliary line segment, which is a hypothetical line segment of the same length as the depth segment, extending parallel to the depth segment from a frontage division position (a position on the frontage segment that divides the frontage segment equally into lengths equal to or less than the second length), and at positions corresponding to depth division positions when depth division positions exist on the depth segment. Columns are vertical, and their length is less than or equal to a predetermined third length. The sill beams and foundation sill beams are defined as follows: A sill beam connects the upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the sill line segment, horizontally in a direction parallel to the sill line segment. Sill beams are long members. The sill beam that touches the ground is the foundation sill beam. As mentioned above, the distance between two adjacent columns located on a straight line parallel to the sill line segment across which the sill beams are stretched is less than or equal to the second length, so the length of the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) must always be less than or equal to the second length. Depth beams and foundation depth beams are defined as follows: A depth beam is a long member that horizontally connects the upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns that are parallel to the depth segment in a direction parallel to the depth segment. The depth beam that touches the ground is the foundation depth beam. As mentioned above, the distance between two adjacent columns located on a straight line parallel to the depth segment across which the depth beam is stretched is less than or equal to the first length, so the length of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) is always less than or equal to the first length. There are multiple walls, and among the columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line segment of the rectangular area, the space between adjacent columns is enclosed by a plate-like structure parallel to the frontage line segment, or among the columns located on two sides or auxiliary lines parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area, the space between adjacent columns is enclosed by a plate-like structure parallel to the depth line segment. A slab is a multi-layered structure that horizontally encloses a rectangular space at the vertical height of a column, enclosed by two sill beams and two depth beams, or two foundation sill beams and two foundation sill beams. The slab constitutes a rooftop or floor. In addition, all of the columns have the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction, all of the front beams have the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction, all of the foundation front beams have the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction, all of the depth beams have the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction, and all of the aforementioned foundation depth beams have the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction. In other words, the columns, front beams (and foundation front beams), depth beams (and foundation depth beams) are all standardized. This standardization is designed so that the structural strength of the frame, which is composed only of columns, front beams, foundation front beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams, is sufficient. This reinforced concrete structure employs a frame-based design that withstands loads. In other words, the walls and slabs do not need to bear loads. To put it another way, the reinforced concrete structure of this invention employs a so-called rigid frame structure. The frame is composed of four columns, four frontage beams (or two frontage beams and two foundation frontage beams), and four depth beams (or two depth beams and two foundation depth beams), arranged in the x-direction (e.g., in the frontage line segment direction) and the y-direction (e.g., in the depth line segment direction). Furthermore, as already mentioned, the length of the columns is the third length or less, the length of the frontage beams (and foundation frontage beams) is the second length or less, and the length of the depth beams (and foundation depth beams) is the first length or less. Here, the columns, front beams (and foundation front beams), and depth beams (and foundation depth beams) are standardized in terms of their thickness and the configuration of reinforcement in the length direction. This standardization is designed to ensure that the structural strength of the frame, which is composed only of columns, front beams, foundation front beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams, is sufficient. The conditions that such standardized columns, front beams (and foundation front beams), and depth beams (and foundation depth beams) must satisfy can be easily determined as conditions necessary for a reinforced concrete structure, including frames obtained by arranging X, Y, and Z such standard frames (however, the allowable combinations of X, Y, and Z are predetermined by the designer, etc.) in the x, y, and z directions, with the lengths of the standard frames described in the outline of the present invention being the first length (length of the longest depth beam or foundation depth beam), the second length (length of the longest front beam or foundation front beam), and the third length (length of the longest column), respectively, to be able to support the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure with those frames. The frames to be included in the reinforced concrete structure of this application will be either a set of the above-described reference frames arranged in the x, y direction or the x, y, z direction, or a set of reference frames in the x, y direction or the x, y, z direction, with the length in at least one of the x, y, z directions being shorter than the above-described reference frames. In either case, a reinforced concrete structure including such frames will be able to withstand the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure using only the frames included therein, without the need for new structural design. Therefore, the reinforced concrete structure of this invention simplifies its structural design, reducing both the time and cost required for structural design. Furthermore, such a reinforced concrete structure allows for quick estimation after the structural design can be completed in a short time. In addition, by standardizing the columns, front beams and foundation front beams, and depth beams and foundation depth beams, and making them identical in structure except for length, as well as standardizing the structure of walls and slabs, it becomes possible to standardize the work required when constructing reinforced concrete structures, such as assembling formwork for pouring concrete and arranging reinforcing bars within the formwork. This simplifies the work required to construct houses with reinforced concrete structures, as described above, and leads to a reduction in the cost of constructing reinforced concrete structures. Furthermore, by standardizing the columns, front beams and foundation front beams, depth beams and foundation depth beams, and making them identical in structure except for length, as well as standardizing the structure of walls and slabs, not just for a single reinforced concrete structure, but for multiple reinforced concrete structures, it becomes possible to minimize the types of reinforcing bars that need to be placed inside columns, etc., when constructing a reinforced concrete structure. This makes it possible to purchase a small variety of building materials in large quantities, and thus reduces the cost of purchasing building materials necessary to construct the reinforced concrete structure described in this application.

[0011] The aforementioned frontage segment may be less than or equal to the second length. In that case, there would be no auxiliary lines within the aforementioned rectangular area, and the columns would only exist on the edges enclosing the rectangular area. Such a reinforced concrete structure would be suitable for a detached house. On the other hand, the frontage line segment may be less than or equal to the second length. In this case, the two adjacent spaces separated by the auxiliary line segment may constitute another house. In that case, there will be at least one auxiliary line segment within the above-mentioned rectangular range. The columns will exist not only on the sides surrounding the rectangular range but also at both ends of the auxiliary line segment and, in some cases, in the middle of the auxiliary line segment. In that case, the rectangular range will be partitioned by the walls provided on the auxiliary line segment. Such a reinforced concrete structure is suitable for apartments, condominiums, and other multi-family housing. As described above, in the reinforced concrete structure according to the present invention, the structures of the columns, the frontage beams and the foundation frontage beams, the depth beams and the foundation depth beams, and the structures of the walls and slabs are also standardized. It is also possible to prepare in advance a set of standardized columns, frontage beams and foundation frontage beams, depth beams and foundation depth beams, walls, and slabs, with one set for a reinforced concrete structure intended for a single-family house and another set for a reinforced concrete structure intended for a multi-family house, which are different from each other. In addition, sets of the first length, the second length, and the third length may also be prepared with different sets for single-family houses and multi-family houses.

[0012] In the reinforced concrete structure according to the present invention, at least one extension column, which is a new column with a length not exceeding the third length and the same thickness and longitudinal steel configuration as the column, may extend vertically and be connected to all of the columns in the same number. In this case, a set of new frontage beams, depth beams, walls, and slabs with the same configuration as the frontage beams, depth beams, walls, and slabs respectively may be provided for each of the extended columns, so that the house may have a multi-story structure. Thus, the reinforced concrete structure can be used for multi-story houses regardless of whether it is for single-family or multi-family housing. In this case, the extension column will be standardized in the same manner as the column. Also, the length of the extension column will be set to a length not exceeding the third length, similar to the column. Therefore, even for a reinforced concrete structure corresponding to multiple floors, or even for a reinforced concrete structure designed with a simpler structural design than before for the reasons described in the overview of the present invention, it is guaranteed that the frame included therein can withstand the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure. The length of the extension column may be equal to the length of the column on the first floor. If so, the extension column and the column will have the same configuration including the length, and the floor height of each floor in the reinforced concrete structure corresponding to multiple floors will be the same. This contributes to further simplifying the structural design of the reinforced concrete structure and also contributes to making the installation of the formwork and the work of arranging the steel bars more uniform.

[0013] The columns in the reinforced concrete structure of the present invention are standardized with the same thickness and the same configuration of the steel bars in the length direction. The column is to have the same thickness and the same cross-sectional shape throughout its entire length. For example, the column can be a rectangle in plan view where the length in the depth direction is longer than the length in the frontage direction. By doing so, it becomes possible to have a part of the wall borne by the column, and it becomes easier to give the column the performance to withstand the load of the reinforced concrete structure. If the column shape is a rectangle in plan view as described above, the width of the sill beam, which is the length in the depth direction, may be equal to the length of the column in the depth direction. The same can be done for the foundation sill beam. By doing so, the width of the sill beam (and foundation sill beam) can be maximized within the range that can be connected to the column, thereby maximizing the effect of the sill beam (and foundation sill beam) in supporting the load of the reinforced concrete structure, and also making the connection between the column and the sill beam (and foundation sill beam) look neater. Furthermore, in order to strengthen the connection between the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) and the columns, it is desirable to extend the reinforcing bars running along the length of the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) into the interior of the columns. However, if the width of the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) is made to match the length of the columns in the depth direction, and the width direction of the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) corresponds to the depth direction of the columns, it becomes possible to insert the reinforcing bars inside the sill beams (and foundation sill beams) into the interior of the columns, regardless of their position in the cross-section. Furthermore, if the column shape is a rectangle in plan view as described above, the width of the depth beam, which is the length in the front-to-back direction, may be equal to the length of the column in the front-to-back direction. The same can be done for the foundation depth beam. By doing so, the width of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) can be maximized within the range that can be connected to the column, thereby maximizing the effect of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) in supporting the load of the reinforced concrete structure, and also making the aesthetic appearance of the connection between the column and at least one of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) neater. In addition, in order to make the connection between the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) and the column stronger, it is desirable to extend the reinforcing bars running in the length direction of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) into the column. However, if the width of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) is made to match the length in the front-to-back direction of the column, and the width direction of the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) corresponds to the front-to-back direction of the column, it becomes possible to insert the reinforcing bars inside the depth beam (and foundation depth beam) into the column, regardless of their position in the cross-section.

[0014] The inventors of this application also propose a design method for reinforced concrete structures as one aspect of the present invention. The effect of this design method is that it enables the design of reinforced concrete structures for residential use as described in this application. Reinforced concrete structures built based on this design will exhibit the effects of reinforced concrete structures as described above. One example of a reinforced concrete frame design method for a house is a rectangular area defined by a frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending perpendicular to the frontage line segment from one end of the frontage line segment, and based on this rectangular area, there are multiple columns, which are vertically erected and are long members of a predetermined length (third length or less), with identical construction except for length, multiple frontage beams that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns that lie on the same virtual line segment parallel to the frontage line segment, and multiple foundation frontage beams that are in contact with the ground among the frontage beams, and multiple depth beams that horizontally connect the upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns that lie on the same virtual line segment parallel to the depth line segment, and multiple foundation depth beams that are in contact with the ground among the depth beams. This is a design method for a reinforced concrete frame for a house, which is constructed by combining a plurality of plate-shaped walls that close the space between two predetermined pairs of columns, and a plurality of plate-shaped slabs that horizontally close the rectangular space enclosed by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at the upper and lower height positions of the columns, and is designed after standardizing and determining the thickness of the columns and the configuration of the reinforcement in the longitudinal direction, the thickness of the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams, and the configuration per unit area of ​​the walls and slabs, respectively, within a range where the structural design strength of a frame composed only of the columns, front beams, foundation front beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams is sufficient. The design method further includes the process of determining the respective lengths of the frontage line segment and the depth line segment, erecting columns in pairs at at least both ends of the two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area, and depth division positions which are positions on the two sides that evenly divide the two sides parallel to the depth line segment into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the length is longer than a predetermined first length, and determining to erect columns standardized at both ends of an auxiliary line segment, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment that extends parallel to the depth line segment from the frontage division position which is a position on the frontage line segment that evenly divides the frontage line segment into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the length is longer than a predetermined second length, and at positions on the auxiliary line segment corresponding to the depth division positions, and standardizing all upper and lower ends of two columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment. The process includes: deciding to connect with a front beam or the foundation front beam; deciding to connect all upper and lower ends of two columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line segment with a standardized depth beam or the foundation depth beam; deciding to close the space between adjacent columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the front line segment with a standardized wall parallel to the front line segment, and deciding to close the space between adjacent columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the depth line segment or on the auxiliary line segment with a standardized wall parallel to the depth line segment; and deciding to close the rectangular space in plan view enclosed by two front beams and two depth beams, or two foundation front beams and two foundation depth beams, at the upper and lower height positions of the columns with a standardized slab. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0015] [Figure 1] A plane conceptually representing the rectangular area used in the design method according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] A plan view conceptually illustrating a method for determining the position of columns in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] A plan view showing a rectangular area with columns drawn within it, in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] A diagram showing a list of columns, beams, walls, and slabs used in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] A plan view conceptually illustrating a method for determining the placement positions of the sill beams and foundation sill beams in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] A plan view conceptually illustrating a method for determining the placement positions of depth beams and foundation depth beams in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] A plan view conceptually illustrating a method for determining the placement of walls in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 8] A plan view conceptually illustrating another method for determining the placement of walls in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] A plan view conceptually illustrating a method for determining the placement position of slabs in a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] This diagram shows the reinforced concrete structure in the state designed in Figure 9, viewed from the side in Figure 9. [Figure 11] A perspective view of an example of a reinforced concrete frame designed according to a design method according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] A perspective view of another example of a reinforced concrete frame designed by a design method according to one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0016] The following description will explain the design method for a reinforced concrete frame for residential use according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the "design method"), and the reinforced concrete frame for residential use designed by implementing the design method, with reference to the drawings below.

[0017] ≪Design method≫ The reinforced concrete structure designed using this design method is designed based on a rectangular area α in plan view, as shown in Figure 1. The rectangular area α is the extent of a plan view rectangle defined by two perpendicular frontage line segments A1 and B1. The rectangular area α is a rectangle whose four sides are frontage line segment A1, depth line segment B1, line segment A2, and line segment B2. Frontage line segments A1 and A2 are opposite sides parallel to each other, and depth line segments B1 and B2 are opposite sides parallel to each other. Conceptually, frontage line segments A1 and A2, and depth line segments B1 and B2 are all line segments drawn on the ground on which the reinforced concrete structure will be built. The frontage segment A1 corresponds to one side of the reinforced concrete structure, which will be built later and will be approximately rectangular in shape as will be explained later, when viewed from above, and the depth segment B1 corresponds to the other side of the reinforced concrete structure that is perpendicular to the frontage segment A1. The frontage segment A1 does not need to correspond to the frontage of the reinforced concrete structure to be built later, nor does the depth segment B1 need to correspond to the depth of the reinforced concrete structure to be built later, but in this embodiment, the frontage segment A1 corresponds to the frontage of the reinforced concrete structure to be built later, and the depth segment B1 corresponds to the depth of the reinforced concrete structure to be built later. The frontage segment A1 and the depth segment B1 are determined appropriately based on the shape and size of the site on which the reinforced concrete structure will be built, in accordance with the shape and size of the reinforced concrete structure to be constructed later. It is possible for either the frontage segment A1 or the depth segment B1 to be longer.

[0018] The reinforced concrete structure constructed based on the aforementioned rectangular area α is said to include a frame comprising columns, front beams, front foundation beams, depth beams, and foundation depth beams. All of these are long members, with the columns extending vertically, the front beams and front foundation beams extending horizontally in the direction of the front line segment, and the depth beams and foundation depth beams extending horizontally in the direction of the depth line segment.

[0019] First, let's explain how to determine the positions where columns can be erected within a rectangular area α. The location where the pillars are erected is determined by the following three rules, Rule 1 to Rule 3. These rules will be explained using Figures 2 and 3. Rule 1) Column P is erected at at least both ends of two sides parallel to the depth segment B1 of the rectangular area α described above. In other words, columns are always erected at the four corners of the rectangular area α. Rule 2) If the depth segment B1 is longer than a predetermined first length, the column P is erected at depth division position b, which is a position on the two sides parallel to the depth segment B1 that equally divide the two sides into lengths less than or equal to the first length. Rule 3) If the frontage line segment A1 is longer than the second length which is a predetermined length, the column P is erected at both ends of the auxiliary line segment B3, which is a hypothetical line segment that is the same length as the depth line segment B1 and extends parallel to the depth line segment B1 from frontage division position a, which is a position on frontage line segment A1 that divides frontage line segment A1 into lengths equal to or less than the second length, and at the position corresponding to depth division position b when a depth division position b exists on the depth line segment B1. Refer to Figure 2. First, according to Rule 1, it is determined that pillars P will be erected at the four locations marked with the sign p1. Next, let's consider Rule 2. Rule 2 introduces a first length L1 (see Figure 1). The first length L1 is predetermined when determining the reference frame, which will be described later. The first length L1 is predetermined within the range of, for example, 4500 mm to 5700 mm. While not limited to this, in this embodiment, the first length L1 is set to 5100 mm. To determine the position of column P according to Rule 2, first, we verify whether the length l1 of depth segment B1 is longer than the first length L1. If the length l1 of depth segment B1 is less than or equal to the first length L1, then no column P can be erected on depth segment B1 except at the p1 at both ends, and no column P can be erected on segment B2 except at the p1 at both ends. On the other hand, if the length l1 of depth segment B1 is longer than the first length L1, then columns P are erected on depth segment B1 not only at both ends p1 but also at depth division position b. Depth division position b is the position that divides depth segment B1 when it is divided equally using the smallest possible natural numbers. For example, if the length of the two equal divisions of depth segment B1 is less than or equal to the first length L1, then the center of depth segment B1 becomes depth division position b. Also, if the length of the two equal divisions of depth segment B1 is longer than the first length L1, and the length of the three equal divisions of depth segment B1 is less than or equal to the first length L1, then the two positions that divide depth segment B1 into three equal parts become depth division positions b. To generalize further, if the length of each division of depth segment B1 into n equal parts is longer than the first length L1, and the length of each division of depth segment B1 into n+1 equal parts is less than or equal to the first length L1, then the n positions on depth segment B1 that divide depth segment B1 into n+1 equal parts become depth division positions b. In the example shown in Figure 2, the depth division position b is shown to be a single point in the center of depth segment B1. In that case, according to Rule 2, columns P will be erected at two locations: the center p2 of depth segment B1 and the center p2 of segment B2 which is parallel to depth segment B1. Next, let's consider Rule 3. Rule 3 introduces the second length L2 (see Figure 1). The second length L2 is predetermined when determining the reference frame, which will be described later. The second length L2 can be predetermined within the range of 3700 mm to 5100 mm, for example. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the second length L2 is set to 4100 mm. It should be noted that the second length L2 can be different depending on whether the reinforced concrete structure being designed is for a single-family home or an apartment building. For example, if the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, the second length L2 can be set to an appropriate length within the range of 4700 mm to 5100 mm (for example, 4900 mm), and if it is for an apartment building, the second length L2 can be set to an appropriate length within the range of 3700 mm to 4100 mm (for example, 3900 mm). To determine the position of column P according to Rule 3, first, we verify whether the length l2 of the frontage segment A1 is longer than the second length L2. If the length l2 of the frontage segment A1 is less than or equal to the second length L2, then no column P can be erected according to Rule 3. On the other hand, if the frontage segment A1 is longer than the second length L2, which is a predetermined length, we first find the frontage division position a, which is the position on the frontage segment A1 that divides the frontage segment A1 into equal parts of length less than or equal to the second length L2. Generalizing this to the case where we divide the depth segment B1 equally to find the depth division position b, if the length of the frontage segment A1 divided into n equal parts is longer than the second length L2, and the length of the frontage segment A1 divided into n+1 equal parts is less than or equal to the second length L2, then the n positions on the frontage segment A1 that divide the frontage segment A1 into n+1 equal parts become the frontage division positions a. In Rule 3, once the frontage division position a is found, we then find an auxiliary segment B3 that extends parallel to the depth segment B1 and has a length equal to the depth segment B1. In short, the auxiliary segment B3 is a segment that connects the frontage segment A1 and segment A2 so as to be perpendicular to both of them. If there are n frontage division positions a, then there will be n auxiliary line segments B3. Then, the columns P will be erected at both ends p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3 and at the position p3 corresponding to the depth division position b on the auxiliary line segment B3. In the example in Figure 2, there is one frontage division position a and one auxiliary line segment B3, and the columns P will be erected at both ends p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3 and at the center p3 of the auxiliary line segment B3.

[0020] Figure 3 shows the case where it is decided to erect pillars P at positions p1, p2, and p3 within the rectangular area α. While not limited to this, column P is defined as having a rectangular cross-section in plan view, where the length in the depth direction (along the depth line segment B1) is longer than the length in the width direction (along the width line segment A1). Of course, while not limited to this, in this embodiment, column P has a rectangular cross-section with a width of 400 mm and a depth of 1200 mm. The numbers mentioned earlier for the first length L1 and second length L2 are examples for the case where the cross-sectional shape of column P is 400 mm × 1200 mm. Each column P is assumed to have the same diameter and the same configuration of reinforcement along its length. The diameter or cross-sectional shape of each column P is identical in all parts along its length up to the third length, and the reinforcement placed inside the column P runs along its length. The third length can be determined, for example, as the upper limit assumed to be the floor height per floor. In other words, while there is a restriction that the length of all columns P within a reinforced concrete structure must be no more than the third length, the length does not need to be uniquely predetermined. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the columns P, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized. Since the length of a column P determines the floor height of the floor to which that column P belongs in the reinforced concrete structure, if the reinforced concrete structure adopts a multi-story structure as described later, the lengths of all columns P belonging to the same floor will be equal. However, it is also possible to standardize the lengths of columns P belonging to other floors by making them all the same. In this case, the floor height of each floor of the multi-story reinforced concrete structure will be the same. In this embodiment, although not limited to this, all columns P belonging to each floor of a multi-story reinforced concrete structure are assumed to be of the same length. Examples of column lists showing the configuration of columns P used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4(A-1) and (B-1). Figure 4(A-1) shows a column list for a reinforced concrete structure used in a single-family home, and Figure 4(B-1) shows a column list for a reinforced concrete structure used in an apartment building. Both column lists show cross-sectional views of columns P. In the figures, 191 are long reinforcing bars running in the longitudinal direction of column P or perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and 192 are loop-shaped reinforcing bars surrounding the long reinforcing bars 191 to prevent their displacement. Column lists typically also record the dimensions of column P excluding its length, and the configuration of the reinforcing bars (including the number and placement of the long reinforcing bars 191, the spacing of the loop-shaped reinforcing bars 192 in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars 191, and the types of reinforcing bars 191 and 192 used). It is also possible to use the same list of pillars for detached houses and apartment buildings. While a large number of column lists are typically created for columns used in concrete structures, the number of column lists in this embodiment is small.

[0021] Next, we will explain how to determine the positions where the sill beams and foundation sill beams will be placed. The placement of the sill beams and foundation sill beams is determined by the following two rules, Rule 4 and Rule 5. Rule 4 and Rule 5 will be explained using Figure 5. Rule 4) The sill beam FB is positioned such that it horizontally connects the upper and lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the sill segment A1, in a direction parallel to the sill segment A1. Rule 5) The foundation sill beam FFB is positioned so as to horizontally connect the lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the sill segment A1, and the parts that touch the ground, in a direction parallel to the sill segment A1. Refer to Figure 5. First, according to rules 4 and 5, a sill beam FB or foundation sill beam FFB is stretched between the two columns P that are side by side in Figure 5. Figure 5 is a plan view, and the sill beam FB and foundation sill beam FFB overlap. Both the sill beam FB and the foundation sill beam FFB are long. However, their lengths are less than or equal to the second length L2, and are automatically determined by the positional relationship of the two columns P connected by them. While not limited to this, both the sill beam FB and the foundation sill beam FFB, which is a type of sill beam FB, have a rectangular cross-section, and their width in the depth direction is equal to the depth direction of the column P. Both the sill beam FB and the foundation sill beam FFB are connected to the column P such that their ends in the width direction align with the ends of the column P in the depth direction. Each bay beam (FB) has the same diameter and reinforcement configuration along its length, and the same applies to the foundation bay beam (FFB). Both the bay beams (FB) and the foundation bay beams (FFB) have the same diameter or cross-sectional shape throughout their entire length, and the reinforcement placed within the bay beams (FB) or foundation bay beams (FFB) runs through their interiors along their length. In other words, while there is a restriction that the length of all sill beams FB within a reinforced concrete structure, or foundation sill beams FFB, must be no longer than the second length L2, the length itself does not need to be uniquely predetermined. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the sill beams FB or foundation sill beams FFB, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized. Furthermore, the lengths of multiple sill beams FB within a single reinforced concrete structure are common. Similarly, the lengths of multiple foundation sill beams FFB are also common. Moreover, the lengths of sill beams FB and foundation sill beams FFB are also common. Examples of beam lists showing the configuration of front beams FB used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4(A-2), (A-3), (B-2), and (B-3). Figure 4(A-2) shows the beam list of front beams FB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and Figure 4(B-2) shows the beam list of front beams FB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. Figure 4(A-3) shows the beam list of foundation front beams FFB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and Figure 4(B-3) shows the beam list of foundation front beams FFB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. The beams shown in the above list are cross-sectional views of the front beam FB or foundation front beam FFB. In the diagram, 191 is a reinforcing bar running along the length of the front beam FB or foundation front beam FFB or perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and 192 is a loop-shaped reinforcing bar that surrounds the long reinforcing bars 191 to prevent them from shifting. The beam list also typically records the dimensions of the front beam FB or foundation front beam FFB excluding its length, and the configuration of the reinforcing bars (including the number and placement of the long reinforcing bars 191, the spacing of the loop-shaped reinforcing bars 192 along the length of the reinforcing bars 191, the types of reinforcing bars 191 and 192, etc.). It is also possible to unify the beam lists for front beam FB and foundation front beam FFB for single-family homes and apartment buildings. Since foundation beams (FFB) generally require greater strength than sill beams (FB), the thickness (or height) of the latter is greater than that of the former, regardless of whether it is for a detached house or an apartment building. While a beam list for sill beams FB or foundation sill beams FFB used in typical concrete structures is created in large numbers rather than just a few, the number of beam lists for sill beams FB or foundation sill beams FFB in this embodiment is small.

[0022] Next, we will explain how to determine the positions where the depth beams and foundation depth beams are placed. The placement of the depth beams and foundation depth beams is determined by the following two rules, Rule 6 and Rule 7. Rule 6 and Rule 7 will be explained using Figure 6. Rule 6) The depth beam DB is positioned such that it horizontally connects the upper and lower ends of two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth segment B1, in a direction parallel to the depth segment B1. Rule 7) The foundation depth beam FDB is positioned so as to horizontally connect the lower ends of all two columns P that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth segment B1, in a direction parallel to the depth segment B1, to the parts that touch the ground. Refer to Figure 6. First, according to rules 6 and 7, a depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB is stretched between the two columns P located vertically in Figure 6. Figure 6 is a plan view, and the depth beam DB and foundation depth beam FDB overlap. Both the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB are long. However, their lengths are less than or equal to the first length L1, and are automatically determined by the positional relationship of the two columns P connected by them. While not limited to this, both the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB, which is a type of depth beam DB, have a rectangular cross-section, and their width in the frontage direction is equal to the frontage direction length of the column P. Both the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB are connected to the column P such that their ends in the width direction align with the ends of the column P in the frontage direction. Each depth beam DB has the same diameter and reinforcement configuration along its length, and the same applies to the foundation depth beam FDB. Both the depth beam DB and the foundation depth beam FDB have the same diameter or cross-sectional shape throughout their entire length, and the reinforcement placed within the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB runs through their interiors along their length. In other words, while there is a restriction that the length of all depth beams DB within a reinforced concrete structure, or foundation depth beams FDB, must be less than or equal to the first length L1, the length itself does not need to be uniquely predetermined. On the other hand, the configuration excluding the length of the depth beams DB or foundation depth beams FDB, in other words, the configuration per unit length, is standardized. Furthermore, the lengths of multiple depth beams DB within a single reinforced concrete structure are common. Similarly, the lengths of multiple foundation depth beams FDB are also common. Moreover, the lengths of depth beams DB and foundation depth beams FDB are also common. Examples of beam lists showing the configuration of depth beams DB used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4(A-4), (A-5), (B-4), and (B-5). Figure 4(A-4) shows the beam list of depth beams DB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and (B-4) shows the beam list of depth beams DB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. Figure 4(A-5) shows the beam list of foundation depth beams FDB when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and (B-5) shows the beam list of foundation depth beams FDB when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. All of the beams shown in the above list are cross-sectional views of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB. In the diagram, 191 is a reinforcing bar running in the longitudinal direction of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB or perpendicular to the plane of the paper, and 192 is a loop-shaped reinforcing bar that surrounds the long reinforcing bars 191 to prevent them from shifting. The beam list also typically records the dimensions of the depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB excluding its length, and the configuration of the reinforcing bars (including the number and placement of the long reinforcing bars 191, the spacing of the loop-shaped reinforcing bars 192 in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing bars 191, the types of reinforcing bars 191 and 192, etc.). It is also possible to unify the beam lists for single-family homes and apartment buildings for the depth beam DB and foundation depth beam FDB. Since the foundation depth beam FDB generally requires greater strength than the depth beam DB, the thickness (or height) of the latter is made greater than that of the former, regardless of whether it is for a detached house or an apartment building. Also, although not limited to this, in this embodiment the thickness of the front beam FB and the depth beam DB are the same, and the thickness of the foundation front beam FFB and the foundation depth beam FDB are the same. While the beam lists for depth beams (DB) or foundation depth beams (FDB) used in typical concrete structures are usually numerous rather than just a few, the number of beam lists for depth beams (DB) or foundation depth beams (FDB) in this embodiment is small.

[0023] The above describes the design method for the frame of a reinforced concrete structure in a single-story house, or the reinforced concrete structure of the first floor of a multi-story house. By adding walls and slabs to this frame, the design of the reinforced concrete structure for a single-story house, or the reinforced concrete structure for the first floor of a multi-story house, is completed. Next, I will explain the placement of the walls and slabs. Let's start with the wall. The placement of walls is determined by the following two rules, Rule 8 and Rule 9. These rules will be explained using Figures 7 and 8. Rule 8) Wall W blocks the space between adjacent columns P located on two sides parallel to the frontage segment A1 of the rectangular area α, parallel to the frontage segment A1. Rule 9) Wall W blocks the space between adjacent columns P located on two sides or auxiliary segments B3 of the rectangular area α that are parallel to depth segment B1, with the wall W being parallel to depth segment B1. Refer to Figures 7 and 8. First, according to Rule 8, four walls W are arranged in Figures 7 and 8, with the horizontal direction as the length. The walls W are rectangular. Of the four sides of the walls W arranged according to Rule 8, two vertical sides are connected to columns P, and the two horizontal sides are connected to the fronting beams FB or foundation fronting beams FFB. As shown in Figure 7, the walls W are basically constructed on the fronting line segment A1 and the line segment A2 opposite to the fronting line segment A1 in the rectangular area α (i.e., on the outline of the rectangular area α). However, as long as the condition of being arranged parallel to the fronting line segment A1 is satisfied, the walls W may be placed in a position that extends inside the rectangular area α from the fronting line segment A1, as shown in the lower wall W in Figure 8. In other words, the walls W may be designed to be placed away from the outline of the rectangular area α. To put it another way, there is a certain degree of freedom in the design regarding the placement of the walls W. Next, according to Rule 9, six walls are arranged in Figures 7 and 8, with the vertical direction as the length direction. Wall W is rectangular. Of the four sides of wall W arranged according to Rule 9, two vertical sides are connected to columns P, and the two horizontal sides are connected to depth beam DB or foundation depth beam FDB. Even in this case, it is permissible to position walls W that are not on auxiliary line segment B3 outside the outline of the rectangular area α (i.e., a certain degree of freedom is given in the placement of wall W). However, in Figures 7 and 8, wall W is positioned on the outline of the rectangular area α, that is, on depth line segment B1 and line segment B2 which is the opposite side of depth line segment B1. Regardless of whether they are arranged according to rule 8 or 9, walls W are, as is well known, always plate-like. Walls W, like columns P, are standardized so that the composition per unit area is the same. Since walls W do not play a role in supporting the weight of the reinforced concrete structure, their robustness only needs to be minimal. Examples of wall lists showing the configuration of walls W used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4(A-6) and (B-6). Figure 4(A-6) shows the wall list for walls W when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and Figure 4(B-6) shows the wall list for walls W when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. All of the wall lists shown above are cross-sectional views of wall W. In the diagram, 191 represents a reinforcing bar running through wall W in the width direction or perpendicular to the plane of the paper. In the diagram, 191X represents a reinforcing bar running through wall W parallel to the plane of the paper and vertically relative to the plane of the paper. The wall list typically records the dimensions of the wall (wall thickness) and the configuration of the reinforcing bars (spacing of reinforcing bars 191 and 191X running in the width and height directions of wall W, and the type of reinforcing bar, etc.). It is also possible to use a common wall list for single-family homes and apartment buildings for wall W.

[0024] The placement of the slabs is determined by Rule 10, which is described below. Rule 10 is explained using Figures 9 and 10. Rule 10) The slab S horizontally closes the rectangular space enclosed by two front beams FB and two depth beams DB, or two foundation front beams FFB and two foundation depth beams FDB, at the height above and below the column P. Refer to Figures 9 and 10. Figure 10 shows the reinforced concrete structure in the state shown in Figure 9, viewed from the side in Figure 9. However, the wall W is not shown in Figure 10. According to Rule 10, four slabs S are arranged in a 2x2 grid in Figure 9. Each slab S is rectangular. The slabs S arranged according to Rule 10 are horizontal and positioned above and below the columns P. The four sides of each slab S are connected to two front beams FB and two depth beams DB, or to two foundation front beams FFB and two foundation depth beams FDB. As is well known, slab S are all plate-shaped. Like columns P, slab S are standardized so that the composition per unit area is the same. Since slab S does not play a role in supporting the weight of the reinforced concrete structure, its robustness only needs to be minimal. Examples of slab lists showing the composition of slabs S used in reinforced concrete structures are shown in Figures 4(A-7) and (B-7). Figure 4(A-7) shows a slab list of slabs S when the reinforced concrete structure is for a single-family home, and Figure 4(B-7) shows a slab list of slabs S when the reinforced concrete structure is for an apartment building. All of the slab lists shown above are cross-sectional views of slab S. In the diagram, 191 represents a reinforcing bar running perpendicular to the plane of the paper within slab S. In the diagram, 191X represents a reinforcing bar running parallel to the plane of the paper in a left-right direction within slab S. Slab lists typically record the dimensions of the slab (slab thickness) and the configuration of the reinforcing bars (spacing and type of reinforcing bars 191 and 191X running perpendicular to each other within slab S). It is also possible to use a common slab list for detached houses and apartment buildings for slab S.

[0025] The above describes the design method for the reinforced concrete frame of a single-story house, or the reinforced concrete frame of the first floor of a multi-story house. Of course, houses with reinforced concrete frames can sometimes have a multi-story structure. When designing a multi-story reinforced concrete structure, at least one new column P is added vertically to each column P, with the same number of columns P being equal to the original column P. The new column P is no longer than the third length and has the same diameter and reinforcement configuration in the longitudinal direction as the original column P. If one column P is added to the original column P, the reinforced concrete structure will be two stories high. If two columns P are added, the reinforced concrete structure will be three stories high, and so on. Then, just as when designing the first floor of the reinforced concrete structure, the top of the newly added column P is connected to the front beam FB and the depth beam DB, and the wall W and slab S are placed. However, since there is a certain degree of freedom in the placement of the wall W as described above, the placement of the wall W on each floor does not need to be exactly the same.

[0026] With the above steps, the design of the reinforced concrete frame for residential buildings is completed. Note that the design order of the columns P, front beams FB, foundation front beams FFB, depth beams DB, foundation depth beams FDB, walls W, and slabs S does not need to be in the order described above. Furthermore, in the case of a multi-story reinforced concrete structure, for example, it is not necessary to design the first floor before designing the second floor. For example, in a multi-story reinforced concrete structure, the entire frame can be designed first, and then the walls W and slabs S attached to that frame can be designed. Furthermore, in the above example, the design of holes for installing window frames and doors in the wall W was omitted, as was the design of holes in the slab S necessary for installing an internal staircase. However, these can be designed in accordance with conventional techniques. Furthermore, in this reinforced concrete structure, it is possible, for example, to make one of the walls W entirely out of glass. Even in such a case, since the walls W and slab S do not play a role in supporting the load of the reinforced concrete structure, sufficient strength of the reinforced concrete structure is guaranteed.

[0027] The reason why the frame alone can support the load of a reinforced concrete structure, without the need for walls W or slabs S, is as follows: We will explain using the perspective view of frame F, an example of such a frame, shown in Figures 11 and 12. Figures 11 and 12 show perspective views of frame F in a reinforced concrete structure, designed using the reinforced concrete structure design method described above. In Figure 11, of the two front sides of the rectangular area α at the bottom of frame F, the left side is the frontage line segment A1, and the right side is the depth line segment B1. In the example shown in Figure 11, the frontage segment A1 is less than or equal to the second length L2, and the depth segment B1 is longer than twice the first length L1 but shorter than three times it. As a result, the frame F designed according to the rules 1 to 7 described above will be as shown in Figure 11. Here, the area of ​​the rectangular parallelepiped defined by the four columns P, four frontage beams FB (more precisely, two frontage beams FB and two foundation frontage beams FFB), and four depth beams DB (more precisely, two depth beams DB and two foundation depth beams FDB), which are shaded in the figure, corresponds to the reference frame SF described in the overview of the present invention. The frame F shown in Figure 11 is made by connecting one reference frame SF in the direction of the frontage line segment A1, three in the direction of the depth line segment B, and three in the vertical direction. In Figure 12, of the two front sides of the rectangular area α at the bottom edge of the frame, the right side is the width line segment A1, and the left side is the depth line segment B1. In the example shown in Figure 12, the frontage segment A1 is longer than twice the second length L2 and shorter than three times the second length L2, while the depth segment B1 is less than or equal to the first length L1. As a result, the frame F designed according to the rules 1 to 7 described above will be as shown in Figure 12. The frame shown in Figure 12 consists of three standard frames SF described in Figure 11 connected in the direction of the frontage line segment A1, one in the direction of the depth line segment B, and three in the vertical direction. Here, the columns P, front beams FB, foundation front beams FFB, depth beams DB, foundation depth beams FDB, walls W, and slabs S form a frame F which is roughly rectangular in shape overall by connecting X, Y, and Z reference frames SF in the front, depth, and vertical directions, respectively (however, restrictions may be placed on the combinations of X, Y, and Z). Furthermore, even if walls W and slabs S are added according to the rules 8 to 10 described above, the frame F is standardized to be sufficient to support the load of the entire reinforced concrete structure. Therefore, if the combination of numbers defined by X, Y, and Z as described above falls within the range of combinations planned by the designer, then a reinforced concrete structure having a frame F created by arranging standard frames SF in the vertical, horizontal, and height directions is guaranteed to have sufficient strength to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure, almost automatically. In other words, if the column list that specifies the configuration of column P, the beam list that specifies the configuration of front beam FB, foundation front beam FFB, depth beam DB, and foundation depth beam FDB, the wall list that specifies the configuration of wall W, and the slab list that specifies the configuration of slab S are prepared in advance as a set in such a state that the condition that frame F is sufficient to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure when standard frames SF are arranged in the vertical, horizontal, and height directions is satisfied, then frame F in a reinforced concrete structure made according to rules 1 to 10 above will automatically have sufficient strength to support the load of the reinforced concrete structure. This is because the frame F in a reinforced concrete structure designed in this way will have a roughly rectangular shape, formed by stacking standard frames SF in the length, width, and height directions, or by stacking frames (quasi-standard frames as described in the overview of the present invention) that are shorter in at least one of the length, width, or height directions than the standard frame SF, in the length, width, and height directions.

[0028] When designing frame F shown in Figure 11, auxiliary line segment B3 does not appear. Therefore, on each of the floors from the first to the third, there are no walls W that divide the space on each floor, as they are positioned on auxiliary line segment B3. Therefore, the reinforced concrete structure with frame F shown in Figure 11 is suitable for a detached house, as it includes internal staircases connecting the first and second floors, and internal staircases connecting the second and third floors. When designing the frame shown in Figure 12, two auxiliary line segments B3 appear. As a result, walls W are placed on each floor from the first to the third floor, dividing each floor into three sections. Therefore, the reinforced concrete structure with frame F shown in Figure 12, equipped with internal staircases connecting the first and second floors and the second and third floors, is suitable for a three-story apartment building with three maisonette-type rooms arranged side-by-side, where the shaded area in Figure 12 represents one unit. Alternatively, by adding external staircases and external passageways as appropriate and eliminating the aforementioned internal staircases, the reinforced concrete structure with frame shown in Figure 12 is suitable for an apartment building with a total of nine rooms, with three independent rooms on each floor.

[0029] Reinforced concrete structure The reinforced concrete structure in this embodiment is constructed according to the design drawings created using the design method described above. Reinforced concrete structures can be built using conventional construction methods. For example, in the case of a reinforced concrete frame for a single-story house, first, formwork is assembled and reinforcing bars are placed inside the formwork as needed. Concrete is then poured into the assembled formwork and allowed to harden while curing, thereby constructing the foundation front beam (FFB), the foundation depth beam (FDB), and the slab (S) corresponding to the first floor. Next, the formwork assembled to construct the foundation front beam FFB and foundation depth beam FDB is removed, and then the formwork is assembled again, with reinforcing bars appropriately placed inside the formwork. Concrete is then poured into the assembled formwork and allowed to harden while curing, thereby constructing the columns P, front beam FB, depth beam DB, walls W, and the slab S corresponding to the ceiling of the first floor. This completes the reinforced concrete frame for a single-story house. In the case of a multi-story, for example, a two-story reinforced concrete structure for a house, after completing the concrete structure of the first floor as described above, the formwork assembled to construct the columns P, front beams FB, depth beams DB, walls W, and slab S corresponding to the ceiling of the first floor is removed. Then, the formwork is assembled again, reinforcing bars are placed inside the formwork as needed, and concrete is poured into the assembled formwork and allowed to harden while curing, thereby constructing the columns P, front beams FB, depth beams DB, walls W, and slab S corresponding to the ceiling of the second floor. The floors above the third floor can be constructed by repeating the same process. In a reinforced concrete structure, for example, there are points where a column P, a front beam FB, and a depth beam DB intersect, or where a column P, a foundation front beam FFB, and a foundation depth beam FDB intersect (points where reinforcement is anchored), as enclosed by dashed lines in Figure 12. In that section, at the intersection, the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the front beam FB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the depth beam DB, or the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of column P, the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation front beam FFB, and the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation depth beam FDB, are made to intersect each other. By making the reinforcing bars in the front line direction, depth line direction, and vertical direction intersect each other in that section, the connection between column P and front beam FB, column P and depth beam DB, column P and foundation front beam FFB, and column P and foundation depth beam FDB can be made stronger, which helps to increase the load resistance of the reinforced concrete structure. For example, the long reinforcing bars 191 inside column P are typically made to extend from the top to the bottom of the reinforced concrete structure. The ends of the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the front beam FB, the depth beam DB, the foundation front beam FFB, and the foundation depth beam FDB can all be extended into the interior of column P by an appropriate length, for example, about 400 mm. The portions of the reinforcing bars extending in the length direction of the front beam FB, the depth beam DB, the foundation front beam FFB, and the foundation depth beam FDB that extend into the interior of column P may be bent at a right angle or folded back in a U-shape. This process of intersecting the reinforcing bars contained within the columns and beams in a three-dimensional manner at the joints between the columns and beams is called anchoring. It is preferable to standardize the method of anchoring each reinforcing bar at the points where the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of column P intersect with the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the front beam FB and the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the depth beam DB, or where the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of column P intersect with the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation front beam FFB and the reinforcing bars extending in the longitudinal direction of the foundation depth beam FDB, etc., in the column list, beam list, etc. [Explanation of symbols]

[0030] α Rectangular range A1 Frontage line segment B1 Depth line segment B3 Auxiliary line segment a. Frontage division position b Depth division position P pillar FB sill beam DB Depth Beam FFB Foundation sill beam FDB Foundation Depth Beam W Wall S Slab

Claims

1. a plurality of columns that are vertical elongated members each having a length equal to or less than a third length, the columns being erected in pairs at least both ends of two sides parallel to the depth line of a rectangular area that is a rectangular area in a plan view defined by a frontage line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line, and at depth division positions that are positions on the two sides that equally divide the two sides parallel to the depth line into lengths equal to or less than the first length when the frontage line is longer than a first length, the columns also being erected at both ends of an auxiliary line, which is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line that extends from the frontage division positions that are positions on the frontage line that equally divide the frontage line into lengths equal to or less than the second length when the frontage line is longer than a second length, the columns being erected at positions corresponding to the depth division positions on the auxiliary line; a plurality of frontage beams, which are long members that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment in a direction parallel to the frontage line segment, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams that are in contact with the ground among the frontage beams; A plurality of depth beams, which are long members that horizontally connect both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line, in a direction parallel to the depth line, and a plurality of foundation depth beams that contact the ground among the depth beams; Among the columns located on two sides parallel to the frontage line segment of the rectangular area, a plate-like blocking is formed between adjacent columns parallel to the frontage line segment, or among the columns located on two sides parallel to the depth line segment of the rectangular area or on the auxiliary line segment, a plurality of walls parallel to the depth line segment, a plate-like blocking is formed between adjacent columns parallel to the depth line segment; A plurality of slabs that horizontally fill a rectangular space surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at height positions above and below the columns; A reinforced concrete structure for a house, comprising: The structural design strength of the frame composed only of the columns, the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the foundation depth beams is sufficient, All of the plurality of columns have the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration; All of the plurality of frontage beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, All of the plurality of foundation entrance beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, All of the plurality of depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, All of the plurality of foundation depth beams have the same thickness and longitudinal reinforcing bar configuration, all of the walls have the same configuration per unit area; All of the plurality of slabs have the same configuration per predetermined unit area. Reinforced concrete structure.

2. The frontage line segment is equal to or shorter than the second length.

2. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1.

3. The frontage line segment is equal to or longer than the second length, The two adjacent spaces separated by the auxiliary line segment are configured to form another residence.

2. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1.

4. On top of all of the columns, at least one extension column, which is a new column having the third length or less and the same thickness and longitudinal rebar configuration as the columns, is connected to each of the columns in the vertical direction, and the same number of extension columns are connected to each of the columns; A new set of the front beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab, each having the same configuration as the front beam, the depth beam, the wall, and the slab, is provided for each extended column, thereby making the house a multi-story structure.

2. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1.

5. The length of the extension pole is equal to the length of the pole.

5. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 4.

6. The pillar is a rectangle in a plan view, with the length in the depth direction being longer than the length in the width direction.

2. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 1.

7. The width of the front beam, which is the length in the depth direction, is set equal to the length of the column in the depth direction.

7. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 6.

8. The width of the depth beam, which is the length in the frontage direction, is equal to the length of the column in the frontage direction.

7. The reinforced concrete structure according to claim 6.

9. A rectangular area is defined as a rectangular area in a plan view by a frontage line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending in the frontage direction, and a depth line segment, which is a virtual line segment of a predetermined length extending from one end of the frontage line segment in a direction perpendicular to the frontage line segment. A plurality of columns that are vertically erected elongated members having a length equal to or less than a third length that is a predetermined length and have the same configuration except for their length; a plurality of frontage beams horizontally connecting both upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same virtual line segment parallel to the frontage line segment, and a plurality of foundation frontage beams among the frontage beams that are in contact with the ground; a plurality of depth beams horizontally connecting the upper and lower ends of two adjacent columns on the same virtual line segment parallel to the depth line segment, and a plurality of foundation depth beams among the depth beams that are in contact with the ground; a plurality of plate-shaped walls that close the gap between two predetermined columns; A plurality of plate-shaped slabs that horizontally close predetermined spaces at upper and lower height positions of the columns; A method for designing a reinforced concrete skeleton for a house constructed by combining the above items, in which the thickness of the columns and the configuration of the longitudinal reinforcing bars, the thickness of the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the depth beams of the foundation, and the configuration per unit area of ​​the walls and the slabs are standardized and determined within a range in which the structural strength of the frame constructed only of the columns, the front beams, the foundation front beams, the depth beams, and the depth beams of the foundation are sufficient, a step of determining the lengths of the frontage line segment and the depth line segment; a process of deciding to erect the pillars as pairs at least both ends on two sides of the rectangular range that are parallel to the depth line segment, and at depth division positions that are positions on the two sides that equally divide the two sides that are parallel to the depth line segment into lengths that are equal to or less than the first length when the length is longer than a predetermined first length, and to erect standardized pillars at both ends of an auxiliary line segment that is a virtual line segment of the same length as the depth line segment and that extends from a frontage division position that is a position on the frontage line segment that equally divides the frontage line segment into lengths that are equal to or less than the second length when the length is longer than a predetermined second length, and at positions on the auxiliary line segment that correspond to the depth division positions; A process of determining that both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the frontage line segment are connected by the standardized frontage beam or the foundation frontage beam; A process of determining that both upper and lower ends of all two of the columns that are parallel to and adjacent to the depth line segment are connected by the standardized depth beam or the foundation depth beam; a process of determining that, of the columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the frontage line segment, adjacent columns are to be closed by the standardized walls parallel to the frontage line segment, and that, of the columns located on two sides of the rectangular area parallel to the depth line segment or the auxiliary line segment, adjacent columns are to be closed by the standardized walls parallel to the depth line segment; A process of determining that a rectangular space in plan view surrounded by two of the front beams and two of the depth beams, or two of the foundation front beams and two of the foundation depth beams, at height positions above and below the column will be filled with the standardized slab; Including, Design method.